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A role model, mentor, colleague and friend to many in the veterinary profession, Des gained a wealth of experience and expertise, and used it wisely to achieve much in his career. Quite simply, he cared., (© 2024 British Veterinary Association.)

After completing National Service as a vet in Singapore, he worked in practice before joining the State Veterinary Service. In retirement, he enjoyed many hobbies and helping others., (© 2024 British Veterinary Association.)

After working in practice, he was set on a research career and became a committed, practical researcher who was determined to develop a vaccine for the barber's pole worm in sheep., (© 2024 British Veterinary Association.)

Cerebellar granule cell layer conglutination is a tissue artifact associated with postmortem autolysis that causes cerebellar granule cell changes once thought to be caused by degeneration and necrosis. Granule cell layer conglutination has been reported mainly in humans and cattle and rarely in other animal species, but its frequency remains vastly unknown in veterinary medicine, mostly because this postmortem change is typically not recorded in autopsy reports. Pathology trainees should be aware of autolytic tissue changes that may mimic pathologic changes in the CNS, particularly when those changes are highly selective for a specific cell population within the cerebellar cortex. Here we provide a brief historical perspective on the evolution of cerebellar granule cell layer conglutination from "enzootic cerebellar necrosis," a presumed necrotic lesion affecting granule neurons in humans and cattle, to a tissue change associated with postmortem autolysis and increased tissue acidity in the cerebellum. We also provide an update on the animal species in which cerebellar granule cell layer conglutination has been observed during our diagnostic pathology routine., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

This paper provides a historical overview of Professor Fulgence Raymond, Charcot's eldest pupil, who was chosen as his successor. It explores Raymond's origins as a veterinary surgeon, his evolution as a neurologist under Charcot's mentorship, and his tenure as the professor's successor at the La Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, France, from 1894 to 1910., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)

Mass spectrometry (MS) has long been considered a cornerstone technique in analytical chemistry. However, the use of MS in animal health laboratories (AHLs) has been limited, however, largely because of the expense involved in purchasing and maintaining these systems. Nevertheless, since ~2020, the use of MS techniques has increased significantly in AHLs. As expected, developments in new instrumentation have shown significant benefits in veterinary analytical toxicology as well as bacteriology. Creative researchers continue to push the boundaries of MS analysis, and MS now promises to impact disciplines other than toxicology and bacteriology. I include a short discussion of MS instrumentation, more detailed discussions of the MS techniques introduced since ~2020, and a variety of new techniques that promise to bring the benefits of MS to disciplines such as virology and pathology., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Reviewed by Paul Watkins, a veterinary surgeon with an interest in veterinary and medical history, who has published widely on these areas., (© 2024 British Veterinary Association.)

A veterinary pathologist, author, editor, teacher and mentor to many young vets and fish health professionals; he was a talented veterinarian who applied veterinary science to aquaculture., (© 2024 British Veterinary Association.)

This Commentary article reviews the history of veterinary immunology in Australia from the 1980s and discusses the key people and areas of research during this period., (© 2023 The Authors. Immunology & Cell Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology, Inc.)

Competing Interests: None declared.

Reviewed by Paul Watkins, a veterinary surgeon with an interest in veterinary and medical history, who has published widely on these areas., (© 2022 British Veterinary Association.)

Although not a vet, Lord Selborne had an extensive influence on the veterinary profession., (© 2021 British Veterinary Association.)

As a vet working in mixed practice, he relished the camaraderie of working with colleagues, farmers and clients, and developed a special interest in cattle fertility. He was considered to be a ray of sunshine., (© 2021 British Veterinary Association.)

Introduction: The publication of J. J. Wirth's layman's handbook to healthier cattle farming practices in 1842 met with such unexpected demand even beyond the Canton of Grisons, that a second revised and updated edition was published by one of his successors in the charge of -cantonal veterinary officer, J. L. Wallraff, twenty years later. Through the analysis of these two mid-nineteenth century editions, one can observe how farming and herding practices changed in the Grisons, as concerns the developments in veterinary practices by both -professionals and laypersons in the treatment and prevention of injury, illness and disease in livestock. A comparison of the two editions demonstrates what -remarkable advancements in veterinary medicine were made in the mountainous Canton of Grisons in the second half of the 19th century, especially concerning epidemic controls within a short twenty-year span.

Introduction: The start of the Swiss-South African connection and cooperation dates back to the late 19th century, when a shortage of veterinarians in Transvaal (South African Republic, ZAR) motivated Arnold Theiler to seek his chance there. He became successful and famous fighting a smallpox epidemic and rinderpest after a difficult start as practicing veterinarian. Prior to the establishment of the «Veterinary Bacteriological Laboratories of the Transvaal» in 1908 Theiler as the head of the institution could motivate some Swiss veterinarians to come and work with him. The opening of the new laboratory made e. g. Walter Frei, later professor for veterinary pathology at Zurich and Karl Friedrich Meyer, becoming an eminent scientist in the USA later taking the opportunity to work with Theiler. World War I interrupted Theiler's hiring activities of more Swiss veterinarians. Only after the establishment of the veterinary faculty at Onderstepoort in 1920 he was able to recruit more Swiss veterinarians, e. g. Werner Steck, who later became professor at the veterinary faculty in Berne. Many of the other veterinarians at the faculty were sent to Switzerland to obtain further qualification or to obtain the degree of Dr. med. vet. and thus continued the successful cooperation started by Theiler.

Presented herein are the trajectories of four women who can be considered pioneers of microbiology in Spain. Three of them have been studied before, but never presented as pioneers of microbiology, and their lives are briefly reviewed: Zoe Rosinach Pedrol, a pioneering microbiologist in the health care field; Isabel Torán del Carré, in the agri-food sector; and Luz Zalduegui Gabilondo in the veterinary sciences. Nevertheless, Trinidad del Pan Arana is presented from the first time as pioneering microbiologist in the natural sciences area. All of these women developed their professional activity during the first third of the twentieth century, contributing to the establishment of microbiology as a new scientific discipline in Spain.

It is well-recognized that research capability in veterinary species is restricted by a lack of immunological reagents relative to the extensive toolboxes for small rodent biomedical model species and humans. This creates a barrier to the strategic development of disease control solutions for livestock, companion animals and wildlife that not only affects animal health but can affect human health by increasing the risk of transmission of zoonotic pathogens. There have been a number of projects aimed at reducing the capability gaps in the veterinary immunological toolbox, the majority of these focusing on livestock species. Various approaches have been taken to veterinary immunological reagent development across the globe and technological advances in molecular biology and protein biochemistry have accelerated toolbox development. While short-term funding initiatives can address specific gaps in capability, they do not account for long-term sustainability of reagents and databases that requires a different funding model. We review the past, present and future of the veterinary immunological toolbox with specific reference to recent developments discussed at the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) Veterinary Immunology Committee (VIC) Immune Toolkit Workshop at the 12th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium (IVIS) in Seattle, USA, 16-19 August 2019. The future availability of these reagents is critical to research for improving animal health, responses to infectious pathogens and vaccine design as well as for important analyses of zoonotic pathogens and the animal /human interface for One Health initiatives., (Copyright © 2020 Entrican, Lunney, Wattegedera, Mwangi, Hope and Hammond.)

The history of companion animal euthanasia includes a blend of good and bad methodology, the shifting landscape of the human-animal bond, and maturation of the veterinary euthanasia experience. Time has shown us that critical exploration of what once was acceptable will lead the way to modern best practices. Animal welfare remains at the heart of the procedure, with equally matched attention now given to client and veterinary team well-being. Although euthanasia will continue to evolve, it is clear through the twenty-first century advancements, a tipping point of necessary change is upon us., Competing Interests: Disclosure The author has nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The biography of Colonel Hermann Schwyter, equine surgeon of the Swiss Army from 1928 to 1937, and the history of training of farriers in Switzerland since the 18th century are presented. Hermann Schwyters dissertation examined the changes of equine hoof confirmation as a result of standing and gait in approximately 2,000 horses and numerous anatomical specimens. He defines the foot placement, describes possible variations, their causes and effects. Significant is also his study of the compression pathology in horses and mules. His recommendations are still valid today. The present article refers to his authored textbook "The Swiss military farrier" and to his established journal, which is bearing the same title.

Introduction: A manuscript from 1748 in Rhaeto-Romanic language is discussed. It's an unfinished translation of a publication in German language from 1715 which contains elements from the standard work on household and agriculture by Johannes Coler, 1645. By comparing the manuscript with 15 contemporary publications and manuscripts from Switzerland, textual similarities were found in three publications. The manuscript contains 62 therapy instructions for cattle diseases and 7 for pig diseases. Remedies of plant origin, food of animal origin and faeces are applied. Various interventions lead to painful injuries of the animals. Most therapies have to be considered as irrational.

Introduction: In autumn 2015, the book "Protocol of the Veterinary Association of the Canton of Lucerne" was found in the attic a farmhouse in Sempach. The book was missing until this time. It covers the Association activities from 1837-1871. The book origins from the estate of Dr. med. H. c. Peter Knüsel (1857-1954). The transcription of the German Kurrent allows an insight into the protocols and thus into veterinary medicine and health care of the mid-19th century. Besides the Association business, the written reports or oral scientific presentations provide (technical presentations) an interesting insight into the scientific veterinary knowledge of this time.

Until the latter part of the nineteenth century, there were no domestic animals other than pigs, dogs and poultry in the island of New Guinea. From 1889 onwards, occupying authorities, missionaries and settlers from Germany, the UK, Japan and Australia imported ruminants, pigs and horses. Some of these importations were from Asia. This paper describes some outcomes of those importations and the potential hazards for Australia entailed in them., (© 2019 Australian Veterinary Association.)

I was flattered and felt tremendously honored to receive the 2018 Distinguished Career Award (DCA) from SSIB, the society that I always considered my scientific home, my family. Preparing the award lecture, I reflected about defining features of my career. This paper summarizes this very personal retrospective. As you will read, serendipity and more or less spontaneous decisions; i.e., some luck to be in the right place at the right time, and spontaneity to grab an opportunity when it presented itself, played a major role, and not necessarily a thorough analysis of my life situation at various junctions of my career path. Luck also often had the name of a fantastic tutor or mentor, or came in the form of enlightening discussions with a friend. Science is teamwork, which emphasizes how important collaborators, post-docs, students and technicians are. Although deep thinking was not necessarily crucial for my career path, a thorough examination is of course necessary when analyzing data, which were often most important when they did not confirm my hypothesis. Science is also hard work considering how much time one spends, but it never seemed like work to me because I had always this desire to find out how things in the organism work, and I always felt privileged to be able to pursue my "hobby" and even get a decent pay for it. In short, being a scientist is probably one of the most rewarding professional activities that life can offer., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This paper takes as its subject Comparative Neuropathology (1962), arguing that the volume illustrates the interlocking cultures of veterinary medicine, human medicine, and laboratory-based biological sciences after the Second World War. The project amassed cases of domestic, experimental, and wild animals, identified species-specific conditions, and evaluated the vulnerabilities of the nervous system to disease and trauma. The collection of ill ruminants, poisoned cats, and injured dogs built on earlier traditions of comparative medicine, but also reflected the turn to biological principles to explain medical conditions, increased industry and military funding for the biomedical sciences, and changes in veterinary practice. Using Comparative Neuropathology as a lens, this paper probes the actors, affiliations, and frameworks that wrestled with new species of neurological patients, newly exposed vulnerabilities of the nervous system, and the emergence of new neurological sciences, casting new light on the heterogenous landscape of the emergent neurosciences and mid-twentieth-century efforts to entwine human and veterinary medicine., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a major animal health problem within Southeast Asia (SEA). Although Indonesia and more recently the Philippines have achieved freedom from FMD, the disease remains endemic on continental SEA. Control of FMD within SEA would increase access to markets in more developed economies and reduce lost productivity in smallholder and emerging commercial farmer settings. However, despite many years of vaccination by individual countries, numerous factors have prevented the successful control of FMD within the region, including unregulated 'informal' transboundary movement of livestock and their products, difficulties implementing vaccination programmes, emergence of new virus topotypes and lineages, low-level technical capacity and biosecurity at national levels, limited farmer knowledge on FMD disease recognition, failure of timely outbreak reporting and response, and limitations in national and international FMD control programmes. This paper examines the published research of FMD in the SEA region, reviewing the history, virology, epidemiology and control programmes and identifies future opportunities for FMD research aimed at the eventual eradication of FMD from the region.

Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

This study traces the changing mission of the University of Toronto's Connaught Medical Research Laboratories regarding the health of animals. We argue that the early work of Connaught's veterinarians in the 1930s and 1940s focused on the care for experimental animals as well as lending veterinary knowledge to problems in human medicine and public health. This gave way to a more direct focus on veterinary products after the Second World War. Connaught was motivated to enter the veterinary field in part to capitalize upon the growing market for veterinary medicines. It met with mixed success in this endeavour. Work was initially focused on livestock medicines and later expanded into products for companion animals, reflecting broader shifts in the veterinary profession and the economic value of animals during the 20 th century.

With a vital role in developing veterinary education in Australia, he became one of the country's most outstanding veterinarians., (British Veterinary Association.)

A gifted scientist and a natural leader, Ian Cunningham was one of Scotland's pre-eminent biological scientists; he also directed and chaired a number of key research and educational organisations., (British Veterinary Association.)

A distinguished vet who became the UK's chief veterinary officer, dealing with issues such as salmonella in eggs and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. His passions were his family and rugby., (British Veterinary Association.)

A widely respected veterinary surgeon and an innovator within the profession, Michael Pittaway was also a man of great charm and huge energy, who applied his skills across a wide range of interests., (British Veterinary Association.)

A clinical pathologist whose outstanding contribution to the profession was to invent the first reliable clinical biochemistry analyser for use in practice., (British Veterinary Association.)

A devoted family man and churchgoer, Alistair MacDonald was a meticulous vet with a great sense of humour. Having served in the RAF during the Second World War, he had plenty of stories to tell., (British Veterinary Association.)

Over the past 50 years, per season pregnancy rate in Thoroughbred mares have risen from 70 to >90% and foaling rates from 55 to >80%. Some of the significant pharmacological treatments and diagnostic methods which have driven this marked improvement in breeding efficiency are reviewed. They include the application of artificial lighting to hasten the onset of ovulatory oestrous cyclicity in early Spring, rapid steroid hormone assays to aid in determining the stage and normality of the mare's cycle, prostaglandin analogues, synthetic progestagens and Gonadotrophin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogues to better control and manipulate her cycle to good effect, transrectal ultrasound scanning to monitor follicle growth, endometrial architecture and ovulation and to allow accurate, early pregnancy diagnosis thereby enabling successful ablation of one of twin conceptuses. Also, flexible videoendoscopy to monitor physiological and pathological changes in the uterine endometrium and rigid laparoscopy to apply prostaglandin to the oviducts to dislodge and clear suspected blockages of them to restore fertility. The outbreak of Contagious Equine Metritis in Newmarket in the spring of 1977 and the swabbing-related changes to mare and stallion management, plus the improved veterinary hygiene methods, which followed are also recounted. The past half century has witnessed many technical and therapeutic advances that have enhanced tremendously the diagnostic and treatment capabilities of studfarm veterinary surgeons. They, in turn, have improved greatly the efficiency of breeding Thoroughbreds and other types of horses., (© 2017 EVJ Ltd.)