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Introducción: El colectivo LGTBIQA+ sufre discriminación en el contexto deportivo, lo que les hace sentirse inseguros para salir del armario. En este estudio exploramos esta transición, centrándonos en las minorías sexuales masculinas en el contexto deportivo español. Método: Realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas a seis deportistas pertenecientes a minorías sexuales. Desarrollamos un análisis temático desde la perspectiva del realismo crítico para explorar tanto las percepciones subjetivas de los participantes como los factores estructurales presentes en esta transición. Resultados: Los participantes expresaron diferentes fases en su la salida del armario. En primer lugar, fueron conscientes de su orientación sexual desde una temprana edad, previamente a la adolescencia, terminando por salir del armario con ellos mismos. Posteriormente, salieron del armario en el entorno cercano durante la adolescencia. El contexto deportivo fue sistemáticamente el último entorno donde compartieron su orientación sexual. En cuanto a los factores estructurales, proponemos temas como: la conciencia del estigma sexual, las creencias y estereotipos sobre género y las orientaciones sexuales, y, especialmente en el deporte masculino, el sistema de creencias heteronormativo y la masculinidad hegemónica. Discusión: La transición de salida del armario puede verse como la imagen de una matrioshka. Primero, se forma la figura inicial, con la salida del armario con uno mismo. A continuación, se añaden matrioshkas que representan los entornos en los que los deportistas visibilizan su orientación sexual, cuyo orden viene dado por la percepción del estigma sexual y la aceptación que esperan en cada uno de ellos. La percepción del deporte como un entorno hostil hace que sea la última matrioshka que los deportistas añaden. Palabras clave: Carrera deportiva, discriminación, entornos sociales, LGTBIQA+, orientaciones sexuales, transiciones vitales Abstract. Introduction: LGTBIQA+ people face discrimination in the sport context, which makes them feel unsafe to come out. In this study we explore this transition, focusing on male sexual minorities in the Spanish context. Method: We conducted semi-structured interviews with six sexual minorities athletes. We developed a thematic analysis from the critical realist perspective to explore both the subjective perceptions of the participants and the structural factors present in this transition. Results: Participants expressed different phases of coming out. First, they were aware of their sexual orientation from an early age and eventually came out to themselves. Later, they came out to the close environment during adolescence. The sport context was consistently the last environment where they share their sexual orientation. In terms of structural factors, we propose themes such as: awareness of sexual stigma, gender and sexual orientation beliefs and stereotypes, and especially in male sport, the heteronormative belief system and hegemonic masculinity. Discussion: The transition of coming out can be seen as the image of a matryoshka. First the initial figure is formed, coming out with oneself. Next, matryoshkas are added to represent the environments in which athletes make their sexual orientation visible. The order is determined by the sexual stigma and acceptance they expect in each environment. The perception of sport as a hostile environment makes it the last matryoshka that athletes add. Keywords: Discrimination, LGTBIQA+, life transitions, sexual orientations, social environments, sport career

Flows of refugees and the reasons why people flee from their countries of origin, seeking protection in third countries, are different from those flows occurred when the Convention on Refugee Status was approved. However, asylum law has not been changed, at least regarding the internationally legal and conceptual framework established with the Convention. In this text, the relevance of de Lucas’ works is highlighted to explain how the current characteristic of migration policies has had a political answer based on the logic of control of migration flows. Also, we will explain how this logic has finally affected the right of asylum in detriment of the protection the asylum means and implies.

La aceptabilidad de las demandas de protección de asilo por razones de orientación sexual e identidad de género se ha consolidado recientemente tras un largo proceso de dudas e incoherencias. A pesar de ello, todavía hoy persisten ciertas interpretaciones que se basan estereotipos y que dificultan un procedimiento sensible a la complejidad de las situaciones que viven estos demandantes de asilo. Con el propósito de identificar estos estereotipos, que suelen darse en relación con la prueba de la identidad y la constatación de la persecución, se analizan las sentencias del ordenamiento español en esta materia y se proponen otras interpretaciones que eviten dichos estereotipos.

This paper proposes an identification of the main arguments suggested by certain critical theories concerning the relationship between law and power. In order to (re)think the function of law as an instrument not only of power, but as an element of social transformation, we promote here a reflection on aspects raised by these theories; among others, the same notion of power, oppression, intersectionality or decoloniality. These categories are relevant to examine how law regulates the experiences of discrimination of specific social groups, highlighting the intimate relationship between the social contexts, the premises and the legal answers. To do so, we examine in particular how asylum law responds to claims grounded on sexual orientation and gender identity. Finally, this reasoning suggests a conception of law oriented to action and the social change.

Resumen: En este trabajo se parte de las tesis de Foucault sobre la integración de ciertos dispositivos de control y de un régimen médico-sexual en el Derecho, que definieron las identidades de los sujetos, para explicar el modo en que estos mecanismos han influido en la regulación jurídica de los cambios de identidad de género. Asimismo, se detalla cómo la medicalización de las identidades por parte del Derecho contradice la evolución del concepto de género. A partir de este análisis, el artículo propone una reflexión sobre algunos cambios legislativos recientes y sobre los puntos de encuentro y desencuentro entre las diversas corrientes al objeto de defender un nuevo discurso justificatorio capaz de reinterpretar los conceptos de autonomía y autodeterminación sexual. Abstract: Taking into account Foucault’s thesis about security dispositives and the medical-sexual regime within law, which have defined the identity of subjects, this paper focus on how these have influenced the legal regulation of gender identity changes. Furthermore, it also focus on how the medicalization of gender identities contrasts with the meaning of concept provided by gender studies. Thus, an examination of recent regulatory changes and the crossing points among the former theories is proposed with a view to promote new meanings and justify discourses in order to reinterpret the concepts of autonomy and sexual self-determination.

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of pancreatic steatosis and iron overload in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and their correlation with liver histology severity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.MethodA prospective, multicenter study including NAFLD patients with biopsy and paired Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed. Liver biopsies were evaluated according to NASH Clinical Research Network, hepatic iron storages were scored, and digital pathology quantified the tissue proportionate areas of fat and iron. MRI-biomarkers of fat fraction (PDFF) and iron accumulation (R2*) were obtained from the liver and pancreas. Different metabolic traits were evaluated, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was estimated with the atherosclerotic CVD score, and the severity of iron metabolism alteration was determined by grading metabolic hiperferritinemia (MHF). Associations between CVD, histology and MRI were investigated.ResultsIn total, 324 patients were included. MRI-determined pancreatic iron overload and moderate-to severe steatosis were present in 45% and 25%, respectively. Liver and pancreatic MRI-biomarkers showed a weak correlation (r=0.32 for PDFF, r=0.17 for R2*). Pancreatic PDFF increased with hepatic histologic steatosis grades and NASH diagnosis (p

La investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los retos y oportunidades que se presentan en la educación superior debido a la pandemia por la COVID-19, específicamente para la carrera de Contabilidad y Auditoría de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Se aplicó a una muestra de 3974 estudiantes una encuesta que contiene preguntas abiertas y cerradas, referidas a diferentes componentes: el trabajo metodológico del docente, el sistema de evaluación, el problema tecnológico, el relacionamiento social y el entorno de aprendizaje. En la encuesta se hizo un análisis descriptivo de las asignaturas de las áreas básica, formativa y profesionalizante, y se obtuvieron aportes que nos ayudan a entender mejor la problemática. Se revelaron datos relacionados con las oportunidades económicas para los estudiantes gracias a recibir clases en esta modalidad; sin embargo, se presentaron retos en lo concerniente al acceso y la disponibilidad de equipamiento tecnológico. Finalmente, la investigación reveló la necesidad de garantizar una plataforma adecuada de gestión de aprendizaje, así como la preparación constante de los docentes, para fortalecer las capacidades de innovación en sus metodologías de aprendizaje.

In this paper the concept of gender violence established in the Spanish Act 1/2004 on Measures of Integral Protection against Gender Violence is analysed, on the basis of the subsequent norms passed by the different autonomous regions, as well as the international conventions, such as the Convention of Istanbul. Over the years of its implementation, and due to the prominence given to its criminal provisions, a critical assessment of this normative framework is convenient to point out its insufficiencies. A fortiori, the international and regional standards of protection of victims of gender violence usually include broader definitions than the Spanish law, at the same time that these norms recognize the statute of victim to more other situations than those established by the Act 1/2004. From this analysis, a holistic and comprehensive concept of gender-based violence is proposed.

Traditional histological evaluation for grading liver disease severity is based on subjective and semi-quantitative scores. We examined the relationship between digital pathology analysis and corresponding scoring systems for the assessment of hepatic necroinflammatory activity. A prospective, multicenter study including 156 patients with chronic liver disease (74% nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-NAFLD, 26% chronic hepatitis-CH etiologies) was performed. Inflammation was graded according to the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Clinical Research Network system and METAVIR score. Whole-slide digital image analysis based on quantitative (I-score: inflammation ratio) and morphometric (C-score: proportionate area of staining intensities clusters) measurements were independently performed. Our data show that I-scores and C-scores increase with inflammation grades (p < 0.001). High correlation was seen for CH (ρ = 0.85–0.88), but only moderate for NAFLD (ρ = 0.5–0.53). I-score (p = 0.008) and C-score (p = 0.002) were higher for CH than NAFLD. Our MATLAB algorithm performed better than QuPath software for the diagnosis of low-moderate inflammation (p < 0.05). C-score AUC for classifying NASH was 0.75 (95%CI, 0.65–0.84) and for moderate/severe CH was 0.99 (95%CI, 0.97–1.00). Digital pathology measurements increased with fibrosis stages (p < 0.001). In conclusion, quantitative and morphometric metrics of inflammatory burden obtained by digital pathology correlate well with pathologists’ scores, showing a higher accuracy for the evaluation of CH than NAFLD.

Este artículo evalúa el tratamiento jurídico de la violencia contra las mujeres inmigrantes en situación administrativa irregular a propósito de la Ley del Estatuto de la Víctima sobre la eliminación de la victimización secundaria. Con este objeto se revisa la noción de victimización secundaria para identificar los supuestos en los que se produce con la implementación de las normativas evaluadas, y en especial cuando coinciden motivos de género y de extranjería. El análisis propuesto acentúa las discordancias resultantes de la prevalencia de la condición de extranjera y la situación administrativa irregular sobre la de víctima de violencia. Frente a ello se propone reformular procedimientos existentes y nuevos modos de acceso a la justicia y los recursos y servicios de la Ley contra la violencia de género para que sean más respetuosos con la autonomía y agencia de las víctimas.