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Not a single state should deprive its citizens of the possibility for additional, out- of-court, and mediative procedure, especially when such mechanism – the Ombudsman – is largely built on the principle of “cheap and simple”. With regard to this, the most important question is how the police act, which, in the ring of the state system, are the most exposed ones to risks and threats, under a constant need for fast and discretionary action, and yet, they are under the obligation of legal and expedient action. A special institution which deals with the issue of police actions with regard to human rights and freedoms undoubtedly is the Ombudsman, who it also assigned the role of National Preventive Mechanism (NPM). Firstly, the research deals with the constitutional and legal position that the Ombudsman has on police actions, examines the changes in the legislation through a chronological presentation, and then gives review of the supervision and control over the police in the period between 2012 and 2022. We can see the foundation for the answers to the key questions in the annual reports of the Ombudsman, in which, in a separate section, his acting upon the police authority is noted and evaluated. The research shows that the Ombudsman is a recognised and profiled protector of the citizens, which is confirmed by the number of annually received petitions as well as the trends related to that. Still, numbers indicate new trends and should serve as a guide which the police must not ignore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental segment has been absent from traditional understandings of security for a long period of time. Although the concept of environmental security as a relatively new term appears in the 1960s, we see the initial ideas about the symbiosis of human and nature in the ancient philosophers. These origins are just an evolution of what is nowadays called environmental security – a concept which includes protection from harmful impacts, human safety, sustainability and legal framework. In addition to this, with the more increasing disturbances of the natural balance and the harmful processes for people’s health and the environment, the question of how to achieve sustainable growth arose, as a logical continuation of the previous process – i.e. how to protect future generations from the irrational wasting of the resources today. Just between these concepts, the mechanism of nature protection called ‘national parks’ emerges as a real solution which, on one hand, will minimize and prevent the attacks towards the nature and, on the other hand, will provide space for development of the sustainable growth. The research continues to deal with the analysis of the two concepts and their understanding, presenting their presence in the international and domestic regulation, with a special focus on the national parks in the Republic of North Macedonia, which have assignments to form protected and natural entities. The analysis of the national parks, as a partial part, aims to reveal how these concepts are implemented on the ground, offering considerations of critical points and directions for national legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]