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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) This paper analyzes an apparent "new way of doing politics" and the change in the interest-state relationship, seeking, within the Argentine oil company Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales (YPF), the circulation and conversions of the company's board directors and executive directors between 2002 and 2020. The objective of the Thesis is to analyze the life trajectories of the board directors and executive directors of the Argentine oil company YPF, in the period 2002-2020, in the search for their attributes to create ideal types that allow us to think about the interest-State relationship. The research, based on the reflexive sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, is predominantly qualitative and uses prosopography method to immerse in the common characteristics of the group of directors of the company through a collective study of their lives. We argue that there could be cases in which directors, after passing through the company, create intermediary companies with which they will sell their services to YPF, which could be a new way of co-opting the State. We found five ideal types of directors: The classic, directors who have spent their entire labor life in the company; the interlocker, advisors who sit in more directories besides YPF; the revolving door, directors entering and leaving the civil service to the private sphere; the consultant/lobbyist who after YPF's departure creates his consulting firm or sells influence; and, the transgressor, who after leaving the company creates his own energy company. O presente trabalho analisa uma aparente “nova forma de fazer política” e a mudança na relação interesse-Estado, procurando, dentro da empresa petroleira argentina Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF), a circulação e as reconversões dos conselheiros e dos diretores executivos da empresa entre 2002 e 2020. Portanto, o objetivo da tese é analisar as trajetórias de vida dos diretores e diretores executivos da empresa petrolífera argentina YPF, no período 2002-2020, na procura de seus atributos para criar tipos ideais que permitam pensar a relação interesse-Estado. A pesquisa, baseada na sociologia reflexiva do Pierre Bourdieu, é predominantemente qualitativa e utiliza o método da prosopográfico para mergulhar nas características comuns do grupo de diretores da empresa por meio de um estudo coletivo de suas vidas. Argumentamos que pode haver casos em que os diretores, após a passagem pela empresa, criem empresas intermediárias através das quais venderão seus serviços à YPF, o que poderia ser uma nova forma de cooptar o Estado. Encontramos cinco tipos ideais de diretores: O clássico, diretores que passaram toda a vida trabalhista na empresa; o interlocker, conselheiros que se sentam em mais diretórios além de YPF; o de porta giratória, diretores que entram e saem da função pública ao âmbito privado; o consultor/ lobista que depois da saída de YPF cria sua empresa de consultoria ou vende influência; e, o transgressor, que depois da saída da empresa cria a sua própria empresa de energia. 88882.426531/2019-01

La articulación de mecanismos jurídicos dirigidos a garantizar el derecho fundamental a la protección de datos personales en las transferencias internacionales de datos ha sido uno de los objetivos de la Unión Europea, creando un entramado de instrumentos jurídicos de entre los que destacan las Decisiones de adecuación de la Comisión Europea como mecanismo ideal para garantizar la seguridad de dichas transferencias. Sin embargo, la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, en sus Sentencias Schrems I y Schrems II, anula sendas Decisiones de adecuación con respecto a Estados Unidos, poniendo de manifiesto que las garantías comunitarias son deficientes y creando incertidumbre en las relaciones comerciales con ese Estado. Actualmente, ante la falta de una Decisión de adecuación que ampare las transferencias internacionales de datos personales dirigidas a Estados Unidos, las empresas deben utilizar los mecanismos alternativos recogidos en el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos, siendo el consentimiento del interesado la cláusula de cierre del sistema., Departamento de Derecho Constitucional, Procesal y Eclesiástico del Estado, Grado en Derecho

El estado laboral de los desmovilizados proporciona una perspectiva general de su condición económica, de esta forma, la inserción de los desmovilizados en el mercado laboral resulta fundamental para que el proceso de dejación de armas culmine con éxito. Por esto, el presente trabajo busca encontrar los determinantes de la situación laboral de los desmovilizados en Colombia. Para llevar a cabo el análisis se realizó un modelo de probabilidad logístico que mide la incidencia de algunos factores sociodemográficos y propios de su proceso de reintegración sobre la probabilidad de estar empleado.

The invasive Asian golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei is continuously expanding through South America, altering aquatic ecosystem structure and functioning. While several native fish species predate on this mussel, these interactions, and their consequences for the food web, have not been studied in depth. We combine a survey of the fish assemblage trophic structure using gut contents and stable isotope analysis with an in situ exclusion experiment in order to: (a) determine the main fish species predating on L. fortunei; (b) estimate the contribution of L. fortunei to the biomass of fish assemblage; and (c) evaluate the role of fish on the density and maximum shell length of L. fortunei in the lower Uruguay River (the Río de La Plata Basin). We found that about one third of fish species in the assemblage (28 out of 81 species) consumed L. fortunei, which was an important food item (>10% of the dietary volume and >30% of frequency of occurrence) for 11 fish species. Stable isotope mixing models consistently suggested that >14% of the total biomass of the fish assemblage was derived directly from carbon derived from L. fortunei tissues. In addition, the exclusion experiment demonstrated that fish predation reduces the mussel density by c. 70% and the mussel maximum shell length by c. 40%. Synthesis and applications. Our research suggests a top-down effect of fish on the invasive Asian golden mussel's abundance. This work highlights the need to preserve the native fish communities, particularly in South America, where many vulnerable migratory fish are of key relevance as Limnoperna fortunei consumers. In the light of these findings, actions such as implementing efficient fish passage technologies in the actual (and projected) dams of the Uruguay River basin and elsewhere become essential to avoid local extinctions of these natural invasion controls upstream of the dams.