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Introduction: Griseofulvin, discovered in 1939 and commercially available since 1959, was the first oral antifungal agent effective against dermatophytosis, particularly tinea capitis. Although it was eventually superseded by azole antifungals due to its long treatment duration and reliance on keratopoiesis, griseofulvin remains notable for its effectiveness and safety in treating tinea capitis, especially when caused by Microsporum canis. However, due to a decline in cases and commercial unavailability, alternative treatments are now required. Areas Covered: The following topics regarding to other treatments were discussed: (I) The efficacy of alternative antifungal agents such as terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole, in the treatment of tinea capitis. (II) The use and role of topical therapies. (III) Experience in the management of tinea capitis. Expert Opinion: The usefulness of oral terbinafine as a replacement for griseofulvin in the treatment of tinea capitis and why it is the preferred drug in elderly patients was discussed. Challenges with Microsporum spp. and the use of fluconazole in pediatric patients were also analyzed. Support for the use of topical treatment as an adjunctive treatment for tinea capitis was highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Acral melanoma, which is not ultraviolet (UV)-associated, is the most common type of melanoma in several low- and middle-income countries including Mexico. Latin American samples are significantly underrepresented in global cancer genomics studies, which directly affects patients in these regions as it is known that cancer risk and incidence may be influenced by ancestry and environmental exposures. To address this, here we characterise the genome and transcriptome of 128 acral melanoma tumours from 96 Mexican patients, a population notable because of its genetic admixture. Compared with other studies of melanoma, we found fewer frequent mutations in classical driver genes such as BRAF , NRAS or NF1 . While most patients had predominantly Amerindian genetic ancestry, those with higher European ancestry had increased frequency of BRAF mutations and a lower number of structural variants. These BRAF -mutated tumours have a transcriptional profile similar to cutaneous non-volar melanocytes, suggesting that acral melanomas in these patients may arise from a distinct cell of origin compared to other tumours arising in these locations. KIT mutations were found in a subset of these tumours, and transcriptional profiling defined three expression clusters; these characteristics were associated with overall survival. We highlight novel low-frequency drivers, such as SPHKAP , which correlate with a distinct genomic profile and clinical characteristics. Our study enhances knowledge of this understudied disease and underscores the importance of including samples from diverse ancestries in cancer genomics studies., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

With the advancement of knowledge in relation to the physiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), several new therapeutic forms have been developed. There are also new guidelines for self-care. On the other hand, there is still an underdiagnosis of AD in Mexico. Thus, the need was seen to develop a national guide, with a broad base among the different medical groups that care for patients with AD. The Atopic Dermatitis Guidelines for Mexico (GUIDAMEX) was developed with the ADAPTE methodology, with the endorsement and participation of ten national medical societies, from physicians in Primary Healthcare to allergists and dermatologists. Throughout the manuscript, key clinical questions are answered that lead to recommendations and suggestions for the diagnosis of AD (including differential diagnosis with immunodeficiency syndromes), the recognition of comorbidities and complications, non-pharmacological treatment including therapeutic education, treatment of flares and maintenance therapy. The latter encompasses general measures to avoid triggering factors, first-line treatment focussed on repair of the skin barrier, second-line treatment (topical proactive therapy), and third-line phototherapy or systemic treatment, including dupilumab and JAK inhibitors.

Nearly 200 cases of phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) have been reported worldwide, most of them of Japanese origin. There are 5 types and 10 subtypes of PPV. Its etiology might be explained by the twin spotting phenomenon. The relative frequency of PPV at the National Institute of Pediatrics was 5.8 per 100,000 pediatric patients and 0.634 per 100,000 dermatological patients. We report 24 cases of PPV with an average follow up of 5 years and the following findings: PPV type II A in 4 male and 2 female patients with melanosis bulbi in 3 and glaucoma in 1. PPV type II B in 7 male and 11 female patients, with melanosis bulbi in 9, glaucoma in 9, iris mammillations in 2, Sturge Weber syndrome in 6 female patients, and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome in 2 males, hemifacial, hemicorporal, or limb hypertrophy without venous insufficiency in 6 female and 4 male patients. During the follow-up time of 60 months, progressive fading of melanotic and vascular macules were observed in 7 patients. No other types of PPV were found. Systemic involvement in PPV was related to the body surface area affected by the vascular macules. Ectodermal and mesodermal migration disorders might be involved in the pathogenesis of PPV.