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This study aimed to translate and validate the job satisfaction scale (JSS) to Portuguese fitness professionals. A total of 418 fitness professionals (210 male; 208 female) with an average age of 30.9 ± 6.5 years and a professional experience of 7.72 ± 9.1 years participated in this study. Before conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), we designed a test-retest analysis to determine reliability. Cronbach's alpha demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (.96), which revealed a high degree of temporal reliability. The confirmatory analyses supported a unidimensional model (1 factor/16 item) of the JSS in terms of model adequacy coefficients. In conclusion, we found that the measurement model (1 factor/16 items) of the translation and validation of the JSS for Portuguese fitness professionals had highly acceptable psychometric properties and can be used in future to access their job satisfaction., Author(s): Liliana Ramos [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Dulce Esteves [sup.3] [sup.4] , Isabel Vieira [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Susana Franco [sup.1] [sup.2] , Vera Simões [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) [...]

AbstractA new model of reserve, the Sensory, Emotional, and Cognitive Reserve (SEC) model, has been recently proposed, but so far this model has not been operationalized in instruments to evaluate the different domains of the reserve. This study introduces the SEC reserve inventory (SECri) along with preliminary data obtained from a study involving 57 adults, aged 35 and older. The SECri assesses the SEC domains using specific proxies: (a) sensory reserve (SR) through sensory acuity and sensory perception proxies; (b) emotional reserve (ER) through life events, resilience, and emotional regulation proxies; and (c) cognitive reserve (CR) through education, occupation, socioeconomic status, bilingualism, leisure activities, and personality traits proxies. Key features of SECri include self- and informant-report forms, fine-grained response scales, and the evaluation of reserve development across the lifespan. Findings on the acceptability, convergent validity between SECri domains and validated tests for the same constructs, internal consistency of each domain, and predictive validity of Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores support further research with this inventory. Future studies should consider determining SECri’s psychometric properties in clinical and subclinical conditions to evaluate its prognostic value in cases of neurocognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study develops a difference‐in‐differences analysis to assess whether trading onset of credit default swaps (CDS) on a firm's debt improves price informativeness in the stock market. Price informativeness is measured by the future earnings response coefficient, which captures the amount of information about future earnings conveyed in stock returns. Our sample comprises U.S. firms (firms experiencing CDS trading on their debt and a group of control firms) and covers the period 1997–2015. The results indicate that CDS hinder stock price informativeness, and thus the ability of prices to track long‐term fundamentals, especially before the arrival of negative information about the obligor. The identified impact is stronger when CDS are first traded, becoming less pervasive with the passage of time. Finally, the results indicate that effects were residual during the early stages of CDS market development and peaked during the period 2004–2008. The impact of CDS introduction weakened after new regulation and ISDA protocols entry into force in 2009. This empirical analysis contributes to the literature by improving knowledge on the consequences of CDS trading on economic and financial outcomes. It points out a negative effect on price informativeness in the stock market and indicates that it was smoothed by regulatory measures designed to improve market infrastructure and transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition to university is a challenging phase in youngsters’ lives. The literature indicates that geographical distance separating the places of study and of family residence adds to the difficulties of transition and adjustment to university. Recent evidence suggests that it also negatively impacts students’ grades. Despite important work done by economists, geographers and psychologists, sociology has devoted scarce interest in understanding this topic. This article seeks to bridge this gap, specifically exploring the reasons justifying the largely ignored effect of distance between the university and family home in academic performance. The study draws on data on undergraduate students of a Portuguese public university, collected through an online survey. Two dimensions, one more related to practical life occupations and another more linked to personal feelings and activities, are examined. It is argued that the negative impact of distance is mainly due to homesickness and to the time spent traveling home. Results from such analysis are twofold socially relevant: of the utmost importance for families, academics and students’ support services, deserve to be seriously considered by policy makers deciding on the territorial distribution of higher-education institutions.