Search

Your search keyword '"Vieira R."' showing total 2,694 results
Start Over Author "Vieira R."
2,694 results on '"Vieira R."'

2. Bayesian sampling with BeAtlas, a grid of synthetic Be star spectra I. Recovering the fundamental parameters of \alpha Eri and \beta CMi

Author

Rubio, A. C., Carciofi, A. C., Ticiani, P., Mota, B. C., Vieira, R. G., Faes, D. M., Genaro, M., de Amorim, T. H., Klement, R., Araya, I., Arcos, C., Curé, M., de Souza, A. Domiciano, Georgy, C., Jones, C. E., Suffak, M. W., and Silva, A. C. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Classical Be stars are fast rotating, near main sequence B-type stars. The rotation and the presence of circumstellar discs profoundly modify the observables of active Be stars. Our goal is to infer stellar and disc parameters, as well as distance and interstellar extinction, using the currently most favoured physical models for these objects. We present BeAtlas, a grid of 61.600 NLTE radiative transfer models for Be stars, calculated with the HDUST code. The grid was coupled with a Monte Carlo Markov chain code to sample the posterior distribution. We test our method on two well-studied Be stars, $\alpha$ Eri and $\beta$ CMi, using photometric, polarimetric and spectroscopic data as input to the code. We recover literature determinations for most of the parameters of the targets, in particular the mass and age of $\alpha$ Eri, the disc parameters of $\beta$ CMi, and their distances and inclinations. The main discrepancy is that we estimate lower rotational rates than previous works. We confirm previously detected signs of disc truncation in $\beta$ CMi and note that its inner disc seems to have a flatter density slope than its outer disc. The correlations between the parameters are complex, further indicating that exploring the entire parameter space simultaneously is a more robust approach, statistically. The combination of BeAtlas and Bayesian-MCMC techniques proves successful, and a powerful new tool for the field: the fundamental parameters of any Be star can now be estimated in a matter of hours or days.

Published
2023

3. An update on access to novel treatment for metastatic melanoma in Europe — A 2024 survey of the European melanoma registry and the European association of dermato-oncology

Author

Kandolf, L., Ascierto, P.A., Bastholt, L., Gavrilova, I., Haanen, J., Hauschild, A., Herceg, D., Hoeller, C., Jalovcic Suljevic, A., Kessels, JI, Krajsova, I., Kukushkina, M., Lallas, A., Lorigan, P., Mangana, J., Marquez-Rodas, I., Mazilu, L., Mohr, P., Bylaite-Bucinskiene, M., Ocvirk, J., Olah, J., Putnik, K., Rutkowski, P., Saiag, P., Samolyenko, I., Schwarze, J.K., Stojkovski, I., Cicmil Sarić, N., Vieira, R., Weichenthal, M., and Garbe, C.

Published
2025
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Correlation ECE diagnostic in Alcator C-Mod

Author

Sung C., White A. E., Howard N. T., Mikkelsen D., Irby J., Leccacorvi R., Vieira R., Oi C., Rice J., Reinke M., Gao C., Ennever P., Porkolab M., Churchill R., Theiler C., Walk J., Hughes J., Hubbard A., and Greenwald M.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Correlation ECE (CECE) is a diagnostic technique that allows measurement of small amplitude electron temperature, Te, fluctuations through standard cross-correlation analysis methods. In Alcator C-Mod, a new CECE diagnostic has been installed[Sung RSI 2012], and interesting phenomena have been observed in various plasma conditions. We find that local Te fluctuations near the edge (ρ ~ 0:8) decrease across the linearto- saturated ohmic confinement transition, with fluctuations decreasing with increasing plasma density[Sung NF 2013], which occurs simultaneously with rotation reversals[Rice NF 2011]. Te fluctuations are also reduced across core rotation reversals with an increase of plasma density in RF heated L-mode plasmas, which implies that the same physics related to the reduction of Te fluctuations may be applied to both ohmic and RF heated L-mode plasmas. In I-mode plasmas, we observe the reduction of core Te fluctuations, which indicates changes of turbulence occur not only in the pedestal region but also in the core across the L/I transition[White NF 2014]. The present CECE diagnostic system in C-Mod and these experimental results are described in this paper.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. The solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation for the $(n+1)(2n+1)$-vertex models through a differential approach

Author

Vieira, R. S. and Lima-Santos, A.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

The formal derivatives of the Yang-Baxter equation with respect to its spectral parameters, evaluated at some fixed point of these parameters, provide us with two systems of differential equations. The derivatives of the $R$ matrix elements, however, can be regarded as independent variables and eliminated from the systems, after which two systems of polynomial equations are obtained in place. In general, these polynomial systems have a non-zero Hilbert dimension, which means that not all elements of the R matrix can be fixed through them. Nevertheless, the remaining unknowns can be found by solving a few number of simple differential equations that arise as consistency conditions of the method. The branches of the solutions can also be easily analyzed by this method, which ensures the uniqueness and generality of the solutions. In this work we considered the Yang-Baxter equation for the $(n+1)(2n+1)$-vertex models with a generalization based on the $A_n$ symmetry. This differential approach allowed us to solve the Yang-Baxter equation in a systematic way., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1712.02341 16 pages, corrected misprints and added references

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Lupus DANCe. Census of stars and 6D structure with Gaia-DR2 data

Author

Galli, P. A. B., Bouy, H., Olivares, J., Miret-Roig, N., Vieira, R. G., Sarro, L. M., Barrado, D., Berihuete, A., Bertout, C., Bertin, E., and Cuillandre, J. -C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Context: Lupus is recognised as one of the closest star-forming regions, but the lack of trigonometric parallaxes in the pre-Gaia era hampered many studies on the kinematic properties of this region and led to incomplete censuses of its stellar population. Aims: We use the second data release of the Gaia space mission combined with published ancillary radial velocity data to revise the census of stars and investigate the 6D structure of the Lupus complex. Methods: We performed a new membership analysis of the Lupus association based on astrometric and photometric data over a field of 160 deg2 around the main molecular clouds of the complex and compared the properties of the various subgroups in this region. Results: We identified 137 high-probability members of the Lupus association of young stars, including 47 stars that had never been reported as members before. Many of the historically known stars associated with the Lupus region identified in previous studies are more likely to be field stars or members of the adjacent Scorpius-Centaurus association. Our new sample of members covers the magnitude and mass range from G=8 to G=18 mag and from 0.03 to 2.4Msun, respectively. We compared the kinematic properties of the stars projected towards the molecular clouds Lupus 1 to 6 and showed that these subgroups are located at roughly the same distance (about 160~pc) and move with the same spatial velocity. Our age estimates inferred from stellar models show that the Lupus subgroups are coeval (with median ages ranging from about 1 to 3 Myr). The Lupus association appears to be younger than the population of young stars in the Corona-Australis star-forming region recently investigated by our team using a similar methodology. The initial mass function of the Lupus association inferred from the distribution of spectral types shows little variation compared to other star-forming regions., Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, A&A in press

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Prevalence of SED turndown among classical Be stars: Are all Be stars close binaries?

Author

Klement, Robert, Carciofi, A. C., Rivinius, T., Ignace, R., Matthews, L. D., Torstensson, K., Gies, D., Vieira, R. G., Richardson, N. D., de Souza, A. Domiciano, Bjorkman, J. E., Hallinan, G., Faes, D. M., Mota, B., Gullingsrud, A. D., de Breuck, C., Kervella, P., Curé, M., and Gunawan, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Rapid rotation is a fundamental characteristic of classical Be stars and a crucial property allowing for the formation of their circumstellar disks. Past evolution in a mass and angular momentum transferring binary system offers a plausible solution to how Be stars attained their fast rotation. Although the subdwarf remnants of mass donors in such systems should exist in abundance, only a few have been confirmed due to tight observational constraints. An indirect method of detecting otherwise hidden companions is offered by their effect on the outer parts of Be star disks, which are expected to be disrupted or truncated. In the context of the IR and radio continuum excess radiation originating in the disk, the disk truncation can be revealed by a turndown in the spectral energy distribution due to reduced radio flux levels. In this work we search for signs of spectral turndown in a sample of 57 classical Be stars with radio data, which include new data for 23 stars and the longest wavelength detections so far ($\lambda \approx$ 10\,cm) for 2 stars. We confidently detect the turndown for all 26 stars with sufficient data coverage (20 of which are not known to have close binary companions). For the remaining 31 stars, data are inconclusive as to whether the turndown is present or not. The analysis suggests that many if not all Be stars have close companions influencing their outer disks. If confirmed to be subdwarf companions, the mass transfer spin-up scenario might explain the existence of the vast majority of classical Be stars.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Fifteen-vertex models with non-symmetric $R$ matrices

Author

Vieira, R. S.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems, High Energy Physics - Theory, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

In this work, we employ the algebraic-differential method recently developed by the author to solve the Yang-Baxter equation for arbitrary fifteen-vertex models satisfying the ice-rule. We show that there are four different families of such regular $R$ matrices containing several free-parameters. The corresponding reflection $K$ matrices, solutions of the boundary Yang-Baxter equation, were also found and classified. We found that there are three different families of regular $K$ matrices, regardless of what $R$ matrix we choose.

Published
2019

12. Orthogonal polynomials and M\'obius transformations

Author

Vieira, R. S. and Botta, V.

Subjects
Mathematics - Complex Variables, Mathematical Physics, 42C05, 33C47, 30C35
Abstract

Given an orthogonal polynomial sequence on the real line, another sequence of polynomials can be found by composing these polynomials with a general M\"obius transformation. In this work, we study the properties of such M\"obius-transformed polynomials. We show that they satisfy an orthogonality relation in given curve of the complex plane with respect to a varying weight function and that they also enjoy several properties common to the orthogonal polynomial sequences on the real line --- e.g. a three-term recurrence relation, Christoffel-Darboux type identities, their zeros are simple, lie on the support of orthogonality and have the interlacing property, etc. Moreover, we also show that the M\"obius-transformed polynomials obtained from classical orthogonal polynomials also satisfy a second-order differential equation, a Rodrigues' type formula and generating functions. As an application, we show that Hermite, Laguerre, Jacobi, Bessel and Romanovski polynomials are all related to each other by a suitable M\"obius transformation. New orthogonality relations for Bessel and Romanovski polynomials are also presented., Comment: Keywords: Orthogonal polynomials, M\"obius transformations, varying weight functions, classical orthogonal polynomials, Bessel polynomials, Romanovski polynomials

Published
2019

13. Polynomials with symmetric zeros

Author

Vieira, R. S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Complex Variables, Mathematics - Number Theory
Abstract

Polynomials whose zeros are symmetric either to the real line or to the unit circle are very important in mathematics and physics. We can classify them into three main classes: the self-conjugate polynomials, whose zeros are symmetric to the real line; the self-inversive polynomials, whose zeros are symmetric to the unit circle; and the self-reciprocal polynomials, whose zeros are symmetric by an inversion with respect to the unit circle followed by a reflection in the real line. Real self-reciprocal polynomials are simultaneously self-conjugate and self-inversive so that their zeros are symmetric to both the real line and the unit circle. In this survey, we present a short review of these polynomials, focusing on the distribution of their zeros., Comment: Keywords: Self-inversive polynomials, self-reciprocal polynomials, Pisot and Salem polynomials, M\"obius transformations, knot theory, Bethe equations

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. How to count the number of zeros that a polynomial has on the unit circle?

Author

Vieira, R. S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Complex Variables, Mathematics - Combinatorics, 12D10, 26C10, 30C15, (primary), 30C35, 11K16 (secondary)
Abstract

The classical problem of counting the number of real zeros of a real polynomial was solved a long time ago by Sturm. The analogous problem of counting the number of zeros that a polynomial has on the unit circle is, however, still an open problem. In this paper, we show that the second problem can be reduced to the first one through the use of a suitable pair of M\"obius transformations - often called Cayley transformations - that have the property of mapping the unit circle onto the real line and vice versa. Although the method applies to arbitrary complex polynomials, we discuss in detail several classes of polynomials with symmetric zeros as, for instance, the cases of self-conjugate, self-adjoint, self-inversive, self-reciprocal and skew-reciprocal polynomials. Finally, an application of this method to Salem polynomials and to polynomials with small Mahler measure is also discussed., Comment: Final version. Keywords: Self-inversive polynomials, Self-reciprocal polynomials, Salem polynomials, Sturm theorem, M\"obius transformations, Cayley transformations

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Low Processing Power Algorithm to Segment Tumors in Mammograms

Author

Vieira, R. E. Q., de Godoy, C. M. G., Coelho, R. C., Magjarevic, Ratko, Series Editor, Ładyżyński, Piotr, Associate Editor, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Associate Editor, Lackovic, Igor, Associate Editor, Rock, Emilio Sacristan, Associate Editor, Bastos-Filho, Teodiano Freire, editor, de Oliveira Caldeira, Eliete Maria, editor, and Frizera-Neto, Anselmo, editor

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. The life cycles of Be viscous decretion discs: The case of {\omega} CMa

Author

Ghoreyshi, M. R., Carciofi, A. C., Rimulo, L. R., Vieira, R. G., Faes, D. M., Baade, D., Bjorkman, J. E., Otero, S., and Rivinius, Th.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyzed V-band photometry of the Be star {\omega} CMa, obtained during the last four decades, during which the star went through four complete cycles of disc formation and dissipation. The data were simulated by hydrodynamic models based on a time-dependent implementation of the viscous decretion disc (VDD) paradigm, in which a disc around a fast-spinning Be star is formed by material ejected by the star and driven to progressively larger orbits by means of viscous torques. Our simulations offer a good description of the photometric variability during phases of disc formation and dissipation, which suggests that the VDD model adequately describes the structural evolution of the disc. Furthermore, our analysis allowed us to determine the viscosity parameter {\alpha}, as well as the net mass and angular momentum (AM) loss rates. We find that {\alpha} is variable, ranging from 0.1 to 1.0, not only from cycle to cycle but also within a given cycle. Additionally, build-up phases usually have larger values of {\alpha} than the dissipation phases. Furthermore, during dissipation the outward AM flux is not necessarily zero, meaning that {\omega} CMa does not experience a true quiescence but, instead, switches between a high to a low AM loss rate during which the disc quickly assumes an overall lower density but never zero. We confront the average AM loss rate with predictions from stellar evolution models for fast-rotating stars, and find that our measurements are smaller by more than one order of magnitude., Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO: FERRAMENTAS E TÉCNICAS AO MICROEMPREENDEDOR INDIVIDUAL

Author

VIEIRA, R. B. F., primary, MARQUES, I. W. A., additional, PACHECO, F. W. F. V., additional, LEAL, L. G. N., additional, COELHO, D. E. M., additional, GAMA, M. F. F., additional, SILVA, E. S., additional, ANJOS, S. N. R., additional, CAMPOS, N. F. S. S., additional, SILVA, V. M. O., additional, DINIZ, L. A. J. B., additional, GOMES, S. C., additional, and PEREIRA, M. A. V., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Schumacher, A. E., Kyu, H. H., Antony, C. M., Aravkin, A. Y., Azhar, G. S., Bisignano, C., Burkart, K., Cercy, K. M., Chung, E., Coberly, K., Comfort, H., Cousin, E., Culbreth, G. T., Cunningham, M., Weaver, N. D., Degenhardt, L., Deitesfeld, L., Dirac, M. A., Estep, K., Feigin, V. L., Flaxman, A. D., Flor, L. S., Force, L. M., Fuller, J. E., Gakidou, E., Hay, S. I., Ikuta, K. S., Jones, D. P., Kassebaum, N. J., Kassel, M. B., Keller, C., Kinzel, K. E., Krohn, K. J., Lozano, R., May, E. A., McKowen, A. W., McLaughlin, S. A., Mehlman, M. L., Mestrovic, T., Mokdad, A. H., Mosser, J. F., Mougin, V., Naghavi, M., Nesbit, O. D., Novotney, A., Ozten, Y., Pease, S. A., Pigott, D. M., Reiner, R. C., Robinson-Oden, H. E., Shaw, D. H., Slepak, E. L. N., Sorensen, R. J. D., Verghese, N. A., Vollset, S., Vongpradith, A., Vos, T., Wang, D., Watson, S., Weaver, M. R., Wells, K. M., Wilson, S., Wool, E. E., Zheng, P., Lim, S. S., Murray, C. J. L., Boyko, E. J., Chahine, Y., Kalani, R., Krishnamoorthy, V., Khalil, I. A., Minja, N. W., Morrison, S. D., Nafukho, F. M., Olivas-Martinez, A., Orellana, E., Tram, K., Aali, A., Rahnavard, N., Ahmadzade, A., Mohammad-Pour, S., Morovatdar, N., Pourali, G., Zafari, N., Abbafati, C., Cattaruzza, M. S., Abbas, J., Phillips, M. R., Abbasgholizadeh, R., Emamverdi, M., Friedman, J., Abbasi, M. A., Daneshvar, S., Dashti, M., Ghasemzadeh, A., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M., Doshmangir, L., Ghafourifard, M., Lotfi, M., Hosseini, M., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Kalankesh, L. R., Karimi, S., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., Khalafi, M., Mirghafourvand, M., Mirinezhad, S., Heris, R. M., Mousavi, S., Kafil, H. S., Abbasian, M., Momenzadeh, K., Santos, F. C. D., Carr, S., Chi, G., Elgendy, I. Y., Feroze, A. H., Kempen, J. H., Kubeisy, C. M., Li, Z., Rohloff, P., Liu, X., Natto, Z. S., Olanipekun, T. O., Pigeolet, M., Pradhan, P. M. S., Zweck, E., Sharfaei, S., Sheikh, A., Abtahi, D., Salimi, S., Shakeri, A., Tajbakhsh, A., Aghamiri, S., Ahmadzade, M., Hashemi, M. B., Ajami, M., Asgary, S., Ghasemi, M., Hassanian-Moghaddam, H., Kolahi, A., Nikoobar, A., Heidari-Foroozan, M., Montazeri, F., Nejadghaderi, S., Rahmani, S., Ziaeefar, P., Hesami, H., Zahir, M., Jahankhani, K., Rasouli-Saravani, A., Jahanmehr, N., Kashani, H. K., Nasiri, M., Raee, P., Rezaee, M., Safi, S., Shool, S., Tabatabai, S., ElHafeez, S. A., Tantawi, M. E., Elmeligy, O. A. A., Ghazy, R. M., Talaat, I. M., Abdelmasseh, M., Sanabria, J., Abd-Elsalam, S., Abdelwahab, A., Abdollahi, M., Abolhassani, H., Rezaei, N., Saghazadeh, A., Ala, M., Noroozi, N., Bahri, R. A., Khatami, F., Ayyoubzadeh, S., Azadnajafabad, S., Keykhaei, M., Momtazmanesh, S., Mousavi, P., Behnoush, A., Farrokhpour, H., Karimi, H., Khalaji, A., Khanmohammadi, S., Mayeli, M., Mohammadi, S., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Fahimi, S., Malekzadeh, R., Mansouri, V., Sepanlou, S. G., Ghassemi, F., Haddadi, M., Kazemian, S., Khadembashiri, M., Khamesipour, F., Khavandegar, A., Khormali, M., Salamati, P., Kompani, F., Larijani, B., Mirdamadi, N., Seyedi, S., Malazy, O. T., Mahmoudi, E., Rashedi, S., Rad, E. M., Mansournia, M., Nasab, E. M., Mohammadshahi, M., Mostafavi, H., SeyedAlinaghi, S., Shafie, M., Shahbandi, A., Vahdani, A. M., Sharifan, A., Shirkoohi, R., Sohrabi, H., Tavangar, S., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdoun, M., Abdullahi, A., Awotidebe, A. W., Borodo, S. B., Gadanya, M. A., Ladan, M., Ali, M. U., Tyrovolas, S., Abdurehman, A. M., Debele, A. T., Getachew, T., Gudeta, M. D., Misgana, T., Sertsu, A., Abebe, M., Ayele, G. M., Afework, A., Lerango, T. L., Tebeje, T. M., Sibhat, M. M., Tesfaye, S. H., Abedi, A., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Salehi, S., Athari, S., Hanifi, N., Abegaz, T. M., Kifle, Z. D., Zuñiga, R. A. A., Abhilash, E. S., Abiodun, O. O., Aboagye, R. G., Amu, H., Ayanore, M. A., Dowou, R. K., Immurana, M., Klu, D., Orish, V. N., Carrero, J. J., Cederroth, C. R., Deuba, K., Laflamme, L., Fereshtehnejad, S., Kauppila, J. H., Abouzid, M., Abreu, L. G., Malta, D. C., Prates, E. J. S., Nascimento, B. R., Abrha, W. A., Weldemariam, A. H., Girmay, A., Abrigo, M. R. M., Rumeileh, S. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Aburuz, S., Ahmed, L. A., Alam, Z., Elbarazi, I., Grivna, M., Nauman, J., Khan, G., Khan, M. A., Zaki, N., Ahmad, M. M., Abu-Zaid, A., Temsah, R. M. H., Zand, R., Acuna, J. M., Gautam, P., Chowdhury, R., Adair, T., Jiang, H., Babu, A. S., Borschmann, R., Meretoja, A., Wijeratne, T., Addo, I. Y., Okeke, S. R., Dai, Z., Xu, X., Huda, M., Mitchell, P. B., Peden, A. E., Resnikoff, S., Sharma, S., Si, Y., Sitas, F., Ye, P., Adebayo, O. M., Aladelusi, T. O., Salami, A. A., Ilesanmi, O. S., Owolabi, M. O., Adegboye, O. A., Adekanmbi, V., AlBataineh, M. T., Almahmeed, W., Aden, B., Adepoju, A. V., Adetunji, C. O., Adeyeoluwa, T. E., Oyeyemi, I. T., Oyeyemi, O. T., Udoakang, A. J., Adeyomoye, O. I., Anuoluwa, I. A., Bello, O. O., Oluwafemi, Y. D., Ekundayo, T. C., Idowu, O. O., Oluwatunase, G. O., Afolabi, A. A., Ekholuenetale, M., Fagbamigbe, A. F., Olufadewa, I. I., Ibitoye, S. E., Okekunle, A. P., Adha, R., Adikusuma, W., Adibi, A., Chen, M., Hossain, M., Rasali, D. P., Pashaei, A., Adnani, Q. E. S., Postma, M. J., Adra, S., Barqawi, H. J., Dash, N. R., Halwani, R., Maghazachi, A. A., Saber-Ayad, M. M., Sharif-Askari, N. S., Ahmad, F., Saddik, B., Saleh, M. A., Alzoubi, K. H., Omar, H. A., Arumugam, A., Bustanji, Y., Elemam, N. M., Faris, M. E. M., Karim, A., Qaisar, R., Semreen, M. H., Soliman, S. S. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Afraz, A., Ilaghi, M., Nematollahi, M., Afyouni, S., Amindarolzarbi, A., Zandieh, G. G. Z., Columbus, A., Kamireddy, A., Shafaat, O., Kazemi, F., Vervoort, D., Zhang, H., Jamshidi, E., Afzal, S., Agasthi, P., Agodi, A., Barchitta, M., D'Amico, E., Maugeri, A., Veroux, M., Biondi, A., Isola, G., Vacante, M., Falzone, L., Libra, M., Agyemang-Duah, W., Nikpoor, A., Ahinkorah, B. O., Demant, D., Ahmad, A., Mustafa, G., Pathan, A. R., Tabish, M., Ahmad, D., Bagheri, N., Burns, R. A., Cherbuin, N., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Saxena, S., Beaney, T., Palladino, R., Rawaf, S., Mossialos, E., Rawaf, D. L., Ahmed, A., Siddig, E. E., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M. B., Shiferaw, D., Ashemo, M. Y., Gerema, U., Getachew, M. E., Bayileyegn, N. S., Mohamed, A. I., Eshetie, T. C., Tiruye, T. Y., Ahmed, S., Ali, H., Bodunrin, A. O., Tumurkhuu, M., Tung, K., Ubah, C. S., Aruleba, R. T., Aji, B., Ajumobi, O., Akalu, G. T., Beyene, H. B., Deribe, K., Ijo, D., Kassaw, N. A., Akara, E., Akinosoglou, K., Akkala, S., Asaad, M., Hassan, A. M., Bleyer, A., Akyirem, S., Bell, M. L., Song, Y., Etaee, F., Goldust, M., Li, W., Pawar, S., Hamad, H. A., Sathian, B., Hasan, S. A., Homsi, A. A., Almidani, O., Göbölös, L., Qadire, M. A., AL-Ahdal, T. M. A., Chen, S., Moazen, B., Alalalmeh, S. O., Hegazi, O. E., Shahwan, M. J., Shamsi, M. A., Zyoud, S. H., Al-Aly, Z., Wang, C., Alam, K., Alam, M., Al-Amer, R. M., Naik, G. R., Alanzi, T. M., Bah, S., Menezes, R. G., Alanezi, F. M., Albashtawy, M., Aldridge, R. W., Chung, S., Hossain, S., Kim, J., Kivimäki, M., Sunkersing, D., Umar, T., Zumla, A., Alemi, S., Al-Eyadhy, A., Temsah, M., Alhabib, K. F., ElGohary, G. M. T., Meo, S. A., Al-Gheethi, A. A. S., Kiross, G. T., Alhalaiqa, F. A. N., Al-Maweri, S. A. A., Alomari, M. A., Mohammed, M., Al-Hanawi, M. K., Binmadi, N., Malik, A. A., Samargandy, S., Ali, A., Khan, I., Sawyer, S. M., Ali, B. A., Ali, R., Ali, S. S., Ali, Z., Samakkhah, S. A., Alicandro, G., Alif, S. M., Maharjan, P., Rai, P., Hasan, M., Thapa, R., Thrift, A. G., Aligol, M., Alimi, R., Aliyi, A. A., Jema, A., Al-Jumaily, A., Hankey, G. J., Kujan, O., Mansour, A., Aljunid, S. M., Al-Sabah, S. K., Al-Marwani, S., Almazan, J. U., Poddighe, D., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Ariffin, H., Lim, L., Bandyopadhyay, S., Basnyat, B., Maude, R. J., Bennett, D. A., Browne, A. J., Dolecek, C., Dunachie, S. J., Newton, C. R. J., Rodriguez, J. A. B., Kheirallah, K. A., Alonso, N., Bensenor, I. M., Brunoni, A. R., Castaldelli-Maia, J., Peres, M. F. P., Wang, Y., Alqahtani, J. S., Alqutaibi, A., Altaf, A., Alvi, F. J., Nargus, S., Arooj, M., Latif, M., Shahid, S., Shahid, W., Ashraf, M., Riaz, M. A., Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Alwafi, H., Rehman, F., Al-Worafi, Y. M., Aly, H., Ali, A. H., Amare, A., Gill, T. K., Yadav, L., Noubiap, J., Opio, J., Mengesha, E. W., Ameyaw, E. K., Amhare, A., Lin, S., Amin, T. T., Elhabashy, H. R., Hassan, A., Dehkordi, J. A., Kabir, H., Amiri, S., Amugsi, D. A., Wado, Y. D., Amzat, J., Bello, M. B., Shittu, A., Aruleba, I. T., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, C., Florin, B. T., Negoi, I., Serban, D., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Matei, C. N., Negoi, R. I., Anderlini, D., Begum, T., Kanmiki, E., Maravilla, J. C., Khan, A., Moni, M., Lalloo, R., McGrath, J. J., Veerman, L. J., Andrade, P. P., Busse, R., Mohammed, S., Andrei, T., Herteliu, C., Mirica, A., Otoiu, A., Petcu, I., Dima, A., Stefan, S., Angappan, D., Anil, A., Charan, J., Shamim, M., Singh, S., Varthya, S. B., Baskaran, P., Bhardwaj, P., Bhardwaj, N., Dixit, S. G., Krishna, H., Nayyar, A. K., Choudhary, R., Dixit, A., Misra, S., Mittal, M., Saravanan, A., Singh, M., Ram, P., Anjum, A., Antriyandarti, E., Anwar, S., Anyasodor, A. E., Appiah, S., Boampong, M. S., Aqeel, M., Arabloo, J., Eghdami, S., Panahi, P., Kabir, A., Salahi, S., Behnagh, A. K., Kasraei, H., Khodadoust, E., Latifinaibin, K., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Toroudi, H. P., Sarveazad, A., Zahedi, M., Moradi, M., Arab-Zozani, M., Ghalibaf, A. M., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Arafat, M., Araújo, A. M., Belo, L., Carvalho, F., Costa, V. M., da Silva, D. D., Silva, J. P., Carvalho, M., Cruz-Martins, N., Freitas, A., Vieira, R. J., Pinheiro, M., Ribeiro, A., Aremu, A., Odetokun, I. A., Aripov, T., Armocida, B., Unim, B., Sabbatucci, M., Artamonov, A. A., Artanti, K. D., Efendi, F., Purnobasuki, H., Wulandari, R. D., Arulappan, J., Chavula, M. P., Edvardsson, D., Orru, H., Fattahi, H., Asika, M. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Atout, M. M. W., Atreya, A., Attia, S., Aujayeb, A., Avan, A., Hachinski, V., Stranges, S., Bolarinwa, O. A., Ginindza, T. G., Ogunsakin, R. E., Quintanilla, B. A., Rahman, M., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Ortiz, A., Soriano, J. B., Catalá-López, F., Aziz, S., Azzam, A. Y., Babashahi, M., Bayati, M., Kouhanjani, M. F., Fazeli, P., Karajizadeh, M., Ghahramani, S., Sarikhani, Y., Shahabi, S., Iravanpour, F., Jafarinia, M., Oliaee, R. T., Ravangard, R., Razeghian-Jahromi, I., Roshanzamir, S., Mansoori, Y., Bakkannavar, S. M., Nayak, V. C., Holla, R., Kamath, A., Rao, M., Ligade, V. S., Rao, C. R., Shetty, R. S., Rao, I., Reshmi, B., Badar, M., Badawi, A., Bhutta, Z. A., Chattu, V., Malhotra, A. K., Mostofinejad, A., Shakil, H., Badiye, A. D., Bansal, H., Kapoor, N., Baghdadi, S., Bagherieh, S., Fatehizadeh, A., Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K., Sadeghi, M., Mirmosayyeb, O., Saber, K., Shafaat, A., Bahadorikhalili, S., Bai, J., Yu, C., Bai, R., Baker, J. L., Bako, A. T., Makram, O. M., Balakrishnan, S., Balogun, S. A., Singh, A., Tian, J., Jatau, A., Baltatu, O. C., Baltatu, O., Campos, L. A., Bam, K., Olaiya, M. T., Bhandari, D., Dalli, L. L., Banach, M., Banik, B., Banik, P. C., Barati, S., Saeedi, M., Bardhan, M., Barker-Collo, S. L., Beyene, K. A., Barone-Adesi, F., Barr, R. D., Kurmi, O. P., Mannan, F., Olagunju, A. T., Barrero, L. H., Basharat, Z., Bashir, A. I. J., Bashiru, H. A., Folayan, M. O., Bassat, Q., Basso, J. D., Silva, S., Rodrigues, M., Basu, S., Batra, K., Batra, R., Sharma, M., Baune, B. T., Bedi, N., Ghailan, K. Y., Khan, M., Halboub, E. S., Shanawaz, M., Sayeed, A., Siraj, M., Behboudi, E., Soleimani, H., Beiranvand, M., Ramirez, D. F. B., Malagón-Rojas, J. N., Belgaumi, U. I., Bello, A. K., Ebenezer, O., Eboreime, E., Umair, M., Beloukas, A., Lunevicius, R., Bendak, S., Benzian, H., Friedman, S. D., Peprah, E. K., Berezvai, Z., Berman, A. E., Bermudez, A. C., Loreche, A., Liu, S., Mohamed, M. F. H., Bettencourt, P. J. G., Bhagat, D. S., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhala, N., Dehbandi, R., Glasbey, J. C., Bhalla, A., Marasini, B. P., Paudel, U., Poudel, L., Bhardwaj, P. V., Bhargava, A., Kahe, F., Bhaskar, S., Bhat, V., Bhatti, G. K., Kalra, S., Bhatti, J. S., Senapati, S., Bhatti, M. S., Bhatti, R., Das, J. K., Bikbov, B., Bintoro, B., Bisulli, F., Golinelli, D., Guicciardi, S., Lenzi, J., Mazzotti, A., Muccioli, L., Sanmarchi, F., Violante, F. S., Biswas, A., Dhali, A., Biswas, R., Chen, L., Driscoll, T. R., Tang, H. K., Islam, S., Kandel, H., You, Y., Leigh, J., Singh, B. B., Visontay, R., Bitaraf, S., Kaydi, N., Eini, E., Khafaie, M. A., Sadeghian, S., Bjørge, T., Dadras, O., Wojewodzic, M. W., Bodolica, V., Bonny, A., Bora, K., Basara, B. B., Francis, K. L., Kerr, J. A., Carvajal, A. B., Bouaoud, S., Ouyahia, A., Boudalia, S., Lanfranchi, F., Bragazzi, N. L., Braithwaite, D., Ding, D. D., Karanth, S. D., Naghavi, P., Brenner, H., Britton, G., Bulamu, N. B., Bulto, L. N., Foley, K. M., Jemere, D., Kaambwa, B., Mpundu-Kaambwa, C., Buonsenso, D., Villani, L., Nagaraja, S. B., Butt, Z. A., Cai, T., Calina, D., Cámera, L. A., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Ortega-Altamirano, D. V., Rios-Blancas, M., Pando-Robles, V., Cao, C., Cardenas, C. A., Cárdenas, R., Carreras, G., Carugno, A., Castañeda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Catapano, A. L., Damiani, G., Vecchia, C. L., Caye, A., Duncan, B. B., Schmidt, M. I., Hugo, F. N., Cembranel, F., Cenderadewi, M., Emeto, T. I., Obamiro, K. O., Cerin, E., Poudel, G. R., Guo, C., Sarkar, C., Yip, P., Cevik, M., Chacón-Uscamaita, P. R., Chirinos-Caceres, J. L., Chakraborty, C., Chan, J., Chang, C., Douiri, A., Wafa, H. A., Hbid, Y., Mazidi, M., Urso, D., Charalampous, P., Volovici, V., Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V., Johnson, O., Mathioudakis, A. G., Mughal, F., Cheema, H. A., Chen, A., Chen, H., Zhu, Z., Chew, D. S., Tonelli, M., Yang, L., Chitheer, A., Cho, S. J., Ebrahimi, A., Nguyen, D. H., Cho, W. C. S., Chong, B., Ma, S., Ramazanu, S., Tan, K., Venketasubramanian, N., Chopra, H., Mini, G., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Pantazopoulos, I., Pilgrim, T., Stortecky, S., Chu, D., Chukwu, I. S., Cini, K. I., Clark, C. C. T., Conde, J., Conti, S., Cortesi, P. A., Fornari, C., Mantovani, L. G., Ferrara, P., Cowden, R. G., Criqui, M. H., Cullen, P., Jarlais, D. C. D., Gunturu, S., Dadana, S., Dalal, Koustuv, Kurmanova, A., Guha, A., Qattea, I., Darwesh, A. M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Das, S., Dávila-Cervantes, C. A., Davletov, K., Leo, D. D., Delgado-Enciso, I., Delgado-Ortiz, L., Morawska, L., Demessa, B. H., Demetriades, A. K., Eze, U. A., Simpson, C. R., Verras, G., Deng, X., Dervenis, N., Patoulias, D., Desai, H. D., Desai, R., Devanbu, V. G. C., Dey, S., Perianayagam, A., Dhama, K., Ranabhat, C. L., Dhimal, M. L., Dhimal, M., Ghimire, S., Pandey, A., Dhingra, S., Diaz, D., Do, T. C., Pham, H., Do, T. H., Prado, C. B. D., Dodangeh, M., Dokova, K. G., Dorsey, E., Santos, W. M. D., Doshi, R., Dsouza, H. L., Rastogi, P., Shetty, B. K., Jeganathan, J., Joseph, N., Kumar, N., Mithra, P., Thapar, R., Reddy, M. M. R., Unnikrishnan, B., Dube, J., Dumith, S. C., Duraes, A. R., Pereira, M., Rasella, D., Duraisamy, S., Durojaiye, O. C., Oguta, J. O., Dutta, S., Dzianach, P. A., Gething, P. W., Sanna, F., Weiss, D. J., Kiss, J., McPhail, M. A., Rumisha, S. F., Lubinda, J., Saddler, A., Dziedzic, A. M., Tsermpini, E., Echieh, C. P., Ed-Dra, A., Edinur, H. A., Edvardsson, K., Efendi, D., Kusuma, D., Trihandini, I., Latief, K., Eikemo, T., Ekpor, E., Arab, R. A. E., Morsi, D. A. E., Zaki, M. E. S., Elshaer, M., Ramadan, H., Elgar, F. J., Mate, K. K. V., Ortiz-Brizuela, E., Rana, J., Nabhan, A. F., Samy, A. M., Elhadi, M., Elsohaby, I., Saad, A. M. A., Zeydi, A. E., Goudarzian, A., Taheri, A., Bain, L. E., Erkhembayar, R., Espinosa-Montero, J., Fabin, N., Fadaka, A. O., Okonji, O. C., Farinha, C. S. E., Faro, A., Ward, P., Fauk, N. K., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Kravchenko, M. A., Piradov, M. A., Fekadu, G., Huang, J., Zhong, C., Jin, Y., Fetensa, G., Ferrante, D., Ferreira, N., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Steinbeis, F., Flavel, J., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, B., Foschi, M., Sacco, S., Franklin, R. C., Vieira, R., Fukumoto, T., Gaal, P. A., Joo, T., Lám, J., Palicz, T., Pollner, P., Szócska, M., Gaihre, S., Gaipov, A., Galali, Y., Sadee, B. A., Galehdar, N., Baghani, A. N., Zandi, M., Gallus, S., Lugo, A., Gan, Q., Gandhi, A. P., Patil, A., Ganesan, B., Garg, J., Gau, S., Gautam, R. K., Gazzelloni, F., Gebregergis, M. W., Mehari, M., Negash, H., Gebrehiwot, M., Gebremariam, T. B., Yesuf, S. A., Miller, T. R., Ghajar, A., Ghanbarnia, M., Mahjoub, S., Mouodi, S., Gholamian, A., Tahbaz, S. V., Vajargah, P. G., Karkhah, S., Hassanipour, S., Jaafari, J., Ghozali, G., Ghozy, S., Ghuge, A. D., Gialluisi, A., Gibson, R. M., Goyal, A., Mediratta, R. P., Gil, A. U., Gill, P. S., Sakshaug, J. W., Gillum, R. F., Goel, A., Golechha, M., Goleij, P., Matin, B. K., Sadeghi, E., Mirzaei, M., Moradinazar, M., Sayadi, Y., Shiani, A., Golestanfar, A., Gona, P. N., Kyei, E. F., Goudarzi, H., Greenhalgh, S., Guarducci, G., Gubari, M. I. M., Ma, J., Gunawardane, D. A., Gupta, A. K., Singh, N. P., Gupta, B., Gupta, I. R., Gupta, R., Mi, T., Gupta, S., Gupta, V., Marx, W., Gupta, V. K., Gutiérrez, R. A., Habibzadeh, F., Habibzadeh, P., Haddadi, R., Taherkhani, A., Haep, N., Samadzadeh, S., Halim, S. A., Hall, B. J., Haller, S., Hamadeh, R. R., Jahrami, H., Abdullah, K. H., Hamidi, S., Hamiduzzaman, M., Hammoud, A., Hannan, M., Haque, M., Kuddus, M., Harapan, H., Haro, J. M., Kuddus, A., Hasaballah, A. I., Hasan, F., Huy, L. D., Huynh, H., Minh, L., Samodra, Y. L., Sarasmita, M. A., Susanty, S., Hasan, I., Islam, M., Hasani, H., Hasanian, M., Hasanpour-Dehkordi, A., Haubold, J., Schaarschmidt, B. M., Havmoeller, R. J., Hebert, J. J., Heidari, G., Heidari, M., Lotfizadeh, M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Sheikhi, R., Helfer, B., Hettiarachchi, D., Wickramasinghe, D. P., Heyi, D. Z., Hezam, K., Hiraike, Y., Nomura, S., Hoffman, H. J., Mensah, L. G., Horita, N., Mensah, G. A., Hosseinzadeh, H., Hsairi, M., Hsieh, V., Hwang, B., Lin, R., Hu, C., Ji, J. S., Hultström, M., Larsson, A. O., Hussain, J., Ullah, S., Hussain, S., Hussein, N. R., Quan, N., Ilic, I. M., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Vujcic, I. S., Vukovic, R., Ilic, M. D., Inbaraj, L. R., Iradukunda, A., Iregbu, K. C., Islam, M. R., Livingstone, K. M., Stokes, M. A., Islami, F., Ismail, N., Iwagami, M., McKee, M., Iwu, C. C. D., Malinga, L. A., Iwu-Jaja, C. J., Stein, D. J., Katoto, P. D., Mhlanga, L., Tamuzi, J. L., Iyer, M., Muthu, S., Merin, L., Sarode, G. S., Sarode, S. C., Jacob, L., Jacobsen, K. H., Jaggi, K., Jain, A., Jain, N., Jairoun, A. A., Jakovljevic, M., Yengejeh, R. J., Jani, C. T., Janko, M. M., Yao, Y., Jayapal, S., Jayaram, S., Jeong, W., Jha, A. K., Jha, R. P., Zhang, Z., Liu, J., Zou, Z., Jomehzadeh, N., Mojiri-Forushani, H., Joseph, A., Park, S., Ramasamy, S., Joshua, C. E., Jozwiak, J. J., Jürisson, M., Kabir, Z., Kadashetti, V., Shivakumar, K. M., Varma, S. A., Kakodkar, P. V., Kaliyadan, F., Kanagasabai, T., Kanmodi, K. K., Kantar, R., Kantar, R. S., Karaye, I. M., Karna, A. K., Khubchandani, J., Kashoo, F. Z., Katamreddy, A., Katikireddi, S. V., Petermann-Rocha, F. E., Shiue, I., Kaur, N., Kayibanda, J., Kayode, G. A., Koren, G., Keikavoosi-Arani, L., Mardi, P., Shafiee, A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Kesse-Guyot, E., Touvier, M., Khajuria, H., Nayak, B. P., Munjal, K., Khalid, N., Khan, I. A., Parthasarathi, A., Khan, T., Teramoto, M., Zastrozhin, M. S., Suheb, M. Z. K., Khatab, K., Khidri, F., Khosrowjerdi, M., Khusun, H., Kim, G., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Lallukka, T., Zakham, F., Meretoja, T. J., Knudsen, A. S., Madsen, C., Kosen, S., Kostev, K., Kotnis, A. L., Koul, P. A., Laxminarayana, S. K., Yesodharan, R., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Rohilla, R., Sharma, V., Krishnamoorthy, Y., Rajaa, S., Defo, B. K., Bicer, B. K., Zeariya, M. G. M., Kuitunen, I., Kulimbet, M., Kulkarni, V., McPhail, S. M., Kumar, A., Kumar, H., Kumari, M., Upadhyay, E., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Mehra, R., Kusnali, A., Kutluk, T., Kuttikkattu, A., Kyriopoulos, I., Lahariya, C., Lahmar, A., Lai, D. T. C., Lai, D. T., Laksono, T., Mehrotra, R., Lal, D. K., Lamnisos, D., Lan, T., Langguth, B., Schlee, W., Lansingh, V. C., Laplante-Lévesque, A., Lasrado, S., Lauriola, P., Le, L. K. D., Le, N., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, V. T., Le, T. T., Le, T. D. T., Lee, M., Lee, P. H., Tromans, S. J., Lee, S., Lee, S. W., Lee, W., Tat, V. Y., Lee, Y., Shin, M., Legesse, S. M., Leong, E., Li, M., Li, X., Li, Y., Likaka, A. T. M., Lioutas, V., Listl, S., Llanaj, E., Lo, C., Pepito, V. C. F., Lorenzovici, L., Lucchetti, G., Ma, Z., Mabrok, M., Machairas, N., Papadopoulou, P., Spartalis, M., Machoy, M., Gómez, J. A. M., Maharaj, S. B., Mahmoud, M. A., Mahmoudi, M., Malhotra, K., Malik, I., Mamun, A. A., Manla, Y., Marateb, H., Marconi, A. M., Marino, M., Marjani, A., Roshandel, G., Sajedi, S., Arnedo, C. A. M., Zakzuk, J., Martinez-Guerra, B. A., Martinez-Piedra, R., Martins, C. A., Martins-Melo, F. R., Martorell, M., Maryam, S., Marzo, R. R., Mazaheri, M., McAlinden, C., Mechili, E. A., Nikolouzakis, T. K., Meena, J. K., Prasad, C. P., Purohit, B. M., Sagar, R., Shankar, A., Mekonnen, M. M., Mendoza, W., Ntsekhe, M., Mentis, A. A., Mersha, A. M., Mesfin, B. A., Yesera, G. E., Mhlanga, A., Shah, N. S., Micha, G., Michalek, I., Mindlin, S. N., Skryabin, V. Y., Minelli, G., Mirutse, M. K., Mokhtarzadehazar, P., Valizadeh, R., Mittal, C., Mohamed, J., Mohamed, N. S., Olorukooba, A. A., Monasta, L., Ronfani, L., Zamagni, G., Moradi, Y., Moradpour, F., Moraga, P., Moreira, R. S., Morze, J., Khaneghah, A. M., Mrejen, M., Mubarik, S., Vart, P., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Mueller, U. O., Mukherjee, S., Mukoro, G. D., Mulita, A., Nena, E., Steiropoulos, P., Mulita, F., Ntaios, G., Muniyandi, M., Musaigwa, F., Puvvula, J., Musallam, K. M., Muthupandian, S., Myung, W., Nagarajan, A. J., Naik, G., Schwebel, D. C., Naimzada, M., Otstavnov, N., Nair, S., Nair, T. S., Najmuldeen, H. H., Naldi, L., Nangia, V., Nascimento, G. G., Naser, A. Y., Naveed, M., Nazri-Panjaki, A., Okati-Aliabad, H., Negero, A. K., Negru, S., Nejjari, C., Nepal, S., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, P. T., Alavi, S. R., Nigatu, Y. T., Nizam, M. A., Noreen, M., Norrving, B., Nri-Ezedi, C. A., Nuñez-Samudio, V., Nurrika, D., Oancea, B., Ofakunrin, A. O. D., Oh, I., Yon, D., Xu, B., Okidi, L., Okwute, P. G., Olatubi, M. I., Oliveira, G. M. M., Oliver, S., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Omer, G. L., Ong, S., Onyedibe, K. I., Ordak, M., Zielinska, M., Orisakwe, O. E., Ortiz-Prado, E., Osuagwu, U. L., Rana, K., Ouyang, G., Mahesh Padukudru, P. A., Rani, S., Manjula, M., Chandan, N. S., Padubidri, J., Varnosfaderani, M. P., Pal, P. K., Palladino, C., Taveira, N., Palma-Alvarez, R. F., Pana, A., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Patil, S., Pangaribuan, H. U., Panos, G. D., Pardhan, S., Parikh, R. R., Pasupula, D., Patel, J. R., Patel, S. K., Patthipati, V., Pedersini, P., Villafañe, J. H., Peng, M., Pensato, U., Pereira, G., Pereira, J., Shenoy, M. M., Perico, N., Remuzzi, G., Pezzani, R., Phillips, M., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Pierannunzio, D., Plakkal, N., Saya, G., Plotnikov, E., Poluru, R., Pond, C. D., Pourtaheri, N., Prada, S. I., Prajapati, V. K., Prakash, V., Prasad, M., Prashant, A., Qasim, N. H., Qian, G., Radfar, A., Radhakrishnan, V., Prajapati, V., Shahraki, H. R., Rafique, I., Raggi, A., Rahim, F., Rahman, T., Rahmani, A., Rajput, P., Rancic, N., Ranjan, S., Rao, S., Rashedi, V., Rashid, A. M., Rasul, A., Ravikumar, N., Rawassizadeh, R., Redwan, E. M. M., Reyes, L. F., Rezaeian, M., Ribeiro, D. C., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Romadlon, D. S., Rostamian, M., Roy, B., Roy, P., Rubagotti, E., Rwegerera, G. M., Rynkiewicz, A., Sunnerhagen, K. S., Stockfelt, L., Salem, M. R., Saeed, U., Saber-Ayad, M., Sahoo, S. S., Verma, M., Singal, A., Singh, P., Sajid, M. R., Salaroli, L. B., Salem, M. Z. Y., Samara, K. A., Samuel, V. P., Sanadgol, N., Sanganyado, E., Sanjeev, R. K., Santri, I. N., Saravi, B., Sarmiento-Suárez, R., Sathish, T., Sleet, D. A., Sattin, D., Saulam, J., Sayeed, M., Talukder, A., Saylan, M., Schuermans, A., Eynde, J. V. D., Schwendicke, F., Šekerija, M., Selvaraj, S., Sengupta, P., Senthilkumaran, S., Sethi, Y., Shah, P. A., Shahid, I., Shaikh, M. A., Sham, S., Shamshad, H., Shamshirgaran, M., Shariff, M., Sharifi-Rad, J., Sharma, R., Shastry, R. P., Shavandi, A., Shey, R., Shayan, A., Shehabeldine, A. M. E., Shen, J., Shibuya, K., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J., Shiri, R., Shivarov, V., Shrestha, S., Shuja, K., Shuval, K., Silva, L. M. R., Simões, J. P., Singh, B., Sivakumar, S., Skryabina, A. A., Starodubova, A. V., Solmi, M., Solomon, Y., Tefera, Y. M., Soyiri, I., Soyiri, I. N., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Starnes, J. R., Varavikova, E., Sreeramareddy, C., Starodubov, V. I., Stroumpoulis, K., Suleman, M., Abdulkader, R. S., Sultana, A., Sun, J., Swain, C. K., Sykes, B. L., Szarpak, L., Szeto, M. D., Damavandi, P. T., Tabatabaeizadeh, S., Tabb, K. M., Taborda-Barata, L. M., Tabuchi, T., Tadesse, B. T., Abkenar, Y. T., Udoh, A., Soodejani, M. T., Taiba, J., Tang, H., Tat, N. Y., Teimoori, M., Thangaraju, P., Thankappan, K. R., Thomas, N., Thum, C. C., Tichopad, A., Ticoalu, J. H. V., Tohidast, S., Tran, N. M., Trico, D., Truong, V. T., Truyen, T. T., Ulhaq, I., Umeokonkwo, C. D., Umesh, A., Vaithinathan, A. G., Varga, O., Vasankari, T. J., Venugopal, D., Verma, P., Villanueva, G. I., Villeneuve, P. J., Vlassov, V., Vo, B., Volovat, S. R., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R. G., Wang, F., Wang, S., Zhang, C., Weerakoon, K. G., Wickramasinghe, N. D., Wen, Y., Woolf, A. D., Wu, D., Xiao, H., Yaghoubi, S., Yano, Y., Yonemoto, N., Yigit, A., Yigit, V., Younis, M. Z., Younis, M., Zadey, S., Zadnik, V., Zahid, M. N., Zaman, B. A., Zaman, S., Zamora, N., Zanghì, A., Zare, I., Zeng, Y., Zhai, C., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zhao, Y., Zhou, J., Zhu, B., Schumacher, A. E., Kyu, H. H., Antony, C. M., Aravkin, A. Y., Azhar, G. S., Bisignano, C., Burkart, K., Cercy, K. M., Chung, E., Coberly, K., Comfort, H., Cousin, E., Culbreth, G. T., Cunningham, M., Weaver, N. D., Degenhardt, L., Deitesfeld, L., Dirac, M. A., Estep, K., Feigin, V. L., Flaxman, A. D., Flor, L. S., Force, L. M., Fuller, J. E., Gakidou, E., Hay, S. I., Ikuta, K. S., Jones, D. P., Kassebaum, N. J., Kassel, M. B., Keller, C., Kinzel, K. E., Krohn, K. J., Lozano, R., May, E. A., McKowen, A. W., McLaughlin, S. A., Mehlman, M. L., Mestrovic, T., Mokdad, A. H., Mosser, J. F., Mougin, V., Naghavi, M., Nesbit, O. D., Novotney, A., Ozten, Y., Pease, S. A., Pigott, D. M., Reiner, R. C., Robinson-Oden, H. E., Shaw, D. H., Slepak, E. L. N., Sorensen, R. J. D., Verghese, N. A., Vollset, S., Vongpradith, A., Vos, T., Wang, D., Watson, S., Weaver, M. R., Wells, K. M., Wilson, S., Wool, E. E., Zheng, P., Lim, S. S., Murray, C. J. L., Boyko, E. J., Chahine, Y., Kalani, R., Krishnamoorthy, V., Khalil, I. A., Minja, N. W., Morrison, S. D., Nafukho, F. M., Olivas-Martinez, A., Orellana, E., Tram, K., Aali, A., Rahnavard, N., Ahmadzade, A., Mohammad-Pour, S., Morovatdar, N., Pourali, G., Zafari, N., Abbafati, C., Cattaruzza, M. S., Abbas, J., Phillips, M. R., Abbasgholizadeh, R., Emamverdi, M., Friedman, J., Abbasi, M. A., Daneshvar, S., Dashti, M., Ghasemzadeh, A., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M., Doshmangir, L., Ghafourifard, M., Lotfi, M., Hosseini, M., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Kalankesh, L. R., Karimi, S., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., Khalafi, M., Mirghafourvand, M., Mirinezhad, S., Heris, R. M., Mousavi, S., Kafil, H. S., Abbasian, M., Momenzadeh, K., Santos, F. C. D., Carr, S., Chi, G., Elgendy, I. Y., Feroze, A. H., Kempen, J. H., Kubeisy, C. M., Li, Z., Rohloff, P., Liu, X., Natto, Z. S., Olanipekun, T. O., Pigeolet, M., Pradhan, P. M. S., Zweck, E., Sharfaei, S., Sheikh, A., Abtahi, D., Salimi, S., Shakeri, A., Tajbakhsh, A., Aghamiri, S., Ahmadzade, M., Hashemi, M. B., Ajami, M., Asgary, S., Ghasemi, M., Hassanian-Moghaddam, H., Kolahi, A., Nikoobar, A., Heidari-Foroozan, M., Montazeri, F., Nejadghaderi, S., Rahmani, S., Ziaeefar, P., Hesami, H., Zahir, M., Jahankhani, K., Rasouli-Saravani, A., Jahanmehr, N., Kashani, H. K., Nasiri, M., Raee, P., Rezaee, M., Safi, S., Shool, S., Tabatabai, S., ElHafeez, S. A., Tantawi, M. E., Elmeligy, O. A. A., Ghazy, R. M., Talaat, I. M., Abdelmasseh, M., Sanabria, J., Abd-Elsalam, S., Abdelwahab, A., Abdollahi, M., Abolhassani, H., Rezaei, N., Saghazadeh, A., Ala, M., Noroozi, N., Bahri, R. A., Khatami, F., Ayyoubzadeh, S., Azadnajafabad, S., Keykhaei, M., Momtazmanesh, S., Mousavi, P., Behnoush, A., Farrokhpour, H., Karimi, H., Khalaji, A., Khanmohammadi, S., Mayeli, M., Mohammadi, S., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Fahimi, S., Malekzadeh, R., Mansouri, V., Sepanlou, S. G., Ghassemi, F., Haddadi, M., Kazemian, S., Khadembashiri, M., Khamesipour, F., Khavandegar, A., Khormali, M., Salamati, P., Kompani, F., Larijani, B., Mirdamadi, N., Seyedi, S., Malazy, O. T., Mahmoudi, E., Rashedi, S., Rad, E. M., Mansournia, M., Nasab, E. M., Mohammadshahi, M., Mostafavi, H., SeyedAlinaghi, S., Shafie, M., Shahbandi, A., Vahdani, A. M., Sharifan, A., Shirkoohi, R., Sohrabi, H., Tavangar, S., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdoun, M., Abdullahi, A., Awotidebe, A. W., Borodo, S. B., Gadanya, M. A., Ladan, M., Ali, M. U., Tyrovolas, S., Abdurehman, A. M., Debele, A. T., Getachew, T., Gudeta, M. D., Misgana, T., Sertsu, A., Abebe, M., Ayele, G. M., Afework, A., Lerango, T. L., Tebeje, T. M., Sibhat, M. M., Tesfaye, S. H., Abedi, A., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Salehi, S., Athari, S., Hanifi, N., Abegaz, T. M., Kifle, Z. D., Zuñiga, R. A. A., Abhilash, E. S., Abiodun, O. O., Aboagye, R. G., Amu, H., Ayanore, M. A., Dowou, R. K., Immurana, M., Klu, D., Orish, V. N., Carrero, J. J., Cederroth, C. R., Deuba, K., Laflamme, L., Fereshtehnejad, S., Kauppila, J. H., Abouzid, M., Abreu, L. G., Malta, D. C., Prates, E. J. S., Nascimento, B. R., Abrha, W. A., Weldemariam, A. H., Girmay, A., Abrigo, M. R. M., Rumeileh, S. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Aburuz, S., Ahmed, L. A., Alam, Z., Elbarazi, I., Grivna, M., Nauman, J., Khan, G., Khan, M. A., Zaki, N., Ahmad, M. M., Abu-Zaid, A., Temsah, R. M. H., Zand, R., Acuna, J. M., Gautam, P., Chowdhury, R., Adair, T., Jiang, H., Babu, A. S., Borschmann, R., Meretoja, A., Wijeratne, T., Addo, I. Y., Okeke, S. R., Dai, Z., Xu, X., Huda, M., Mitchell, P. B., Peden, A. E., Resnikoff, S., Sharma, S., Si, Y., Sitas, F., Ye, P., Adebayo, O. M., Aladelusi, T. O., Salami, A. A., Ilesanmi, O. S., Owolabi, M. O., Adegboye, O. A., Adekanmbi, V., AlBataineh, M. T., Almahmeed, W., Aden, B., Adepoju, A. V., Adetunji, C. O., Adeyeoluwa, T. E., Oyeyemi, I. T., Oyeyemi, O. T., Udoakang, A. J., Adeyomoye, O. I., Anuoluwa, I. A., Bello, O. O., Oluwafemi, Y. D., Ekundayo, T. C., Idowu, O. O., Oluwatunase, G. O., Afolabi, A. A., Ekholuenetale, M., Fagbamigbe, A. F., Olufadewa, I. I., Ibitoye, S. E., Okekunle, A. P., Adha, R., Adikusuma, W., Adibi, A., Chen, M., Hossain, M., Rasali, D. P., Pashaei, A., Adnani, Q. E. S., Postma, M. J., Adra, S., Barqawi, H. J., Dash, N. R., Halwani, R., Maghazachi, A. A., Saber-Ayad, M. M., Sharif-Askari, N. S., Ahmad, F., Saddik, B., Saleh, M. A., Alzoubi, K. H., Omar, H. A., Arumugam, A., Bustanji, Y., Elemam, N. M., Faris, M. E. M., Karim, A., Qaisar, R., Semreen, M. H., Soliman, S. S. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Afraz, A., Ilaghi, M., Nematollahi, M., Afyouni, S., Amindarolzarbi, A., Zandieh, G. G. Z., Columbus, A., Kamireddy, A., Shafaat, O., Kazemi, F., Vervoort, D., Zhang, H., Jamshidi, E., Afzal, S., Agasthi, P., Agodi, A., Barchitta, M., D'Amico, E., Maugeri, A., Veroux, M., Biondi, A., Isola, G., Vacante, M., Falzone, L., Libra, M., Agyemang-Duah, W., Nikpoor, A., Ahinkorah, B. O., Demant, D., Ahmad, A., Mustafa, G., Pathan, A. R., Tabish, M., Ahmad, D., Bagheri, N., Burns, R. A., Cherbuin, N., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Saxena, S., Beaney, T., Palladino, R., Rawaf, S., Mossialos, E., Rawaf, D. L., Ahmed, A., Siddig, E. E., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M. B., Shiferaw, D., Ashemo, M. Y., Gerema, U., Getachew, M. E., Bayileyegn, N. S., Mohamed, A. I., Eshetie, T. C., Tiruye, T. Y., Ahmed, S., Ali, H., Bodunrin, A. O., Tumurkhuu, M., Tung, K., Ubah, C. S., Aruleba, R. T., Aji, B., Ajumobi, O., Akalu, G. T., Beyene, H. B., Deribe, K., Ijo, D., Kassaw, N. A., Akara, E., Akinosoglou, K., Akkala, S., Asaad, M., Hassan, A. M., Bleyer, A., Akyirem, S., Bell, M. L., Song, Y., Etaee, F., Goldust, M., Li, W., Pawar, S., Hamad, H. A., Sathian, B., Hasan, S. A., Homsi, A. A., Almidani, O., Göbölös, L., Qadire, M. A., AL-Ahdal, T. M. A., Chen, S., Moazen, B., Alalalmeh, S. O., Hegazi, O. E., Shahwan, M. J., Shamsi, M. A., Zyoud, S. H., Al-Aly, Z., Wang, C., Alam, K., Alam, M., Al-Amer, R. M., Naik, G. R., Alanzi, T. M., Bah, S., Menezes, R. G., Alanezi, F. M., Albashtawy, M., Aldridge, R. W., Chung, S., Hossain, S., Kim, J., Kivimäki, M., Sunkersing, D., Umar, T., Zumla, A., Alemi, S., Al-Eyadhy, A., Temsah, M., Alhabib, K. F., ElGohary, G. M. T., Meo, S. A., Al-Gheethi, A. A. S., Kiross, G. T., Alhalaiqa, F. A. N., Al-Maweri, S. A. A., Alomari, M. A., Mohammed, M., Al-Hanawi, M. K., Binmadi, N., Malik, A. A., Samargandy, S., Ali, A., Khan, I., Sawyer, S. M., Ali, B. A., Ali, R., Ali, S. S., Ali, Z., Samakkhah, S. A., Alicandro, G., Alif, S. M., Maharjan, P., Rai, P., Hasan, M., Thapa, R., Thrift, A. G., Aligol, M., Alimi, R., Aliyi, A. A., Jema, A., Al-Jumaily, A., Hankey, G. J., Kujan, O., Mansour, A., Aljunid, S. M., Al-Sabah, S. K., Al-Marwani, S., Almazan, J. U., Poddighe, D., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Ariffin, H., Lim, L., Bandyopadhyay, S., Basnyat, B., Maude, R. J., Bennett, D. A., Browne, A. J., Dolecek, C., Dunachie, S. J., Newton, C. R. J., Rodriguez, J. A. B., Kheirallah, K. A., Alonso, N., Bensenor, I. M., Brunoni, A. R., Castaldelli-Maia, J., Peres, M. F. P., Wang, Y., Alqahtani, J. S., Alqutaibi, A., Altaf, A., Alvi, F. J., Nargus, S., Arooj, M., Latif, M., Shahid, S., Shahid, W., Ashraf, M., Riaz, M. A., Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Alwafi, H., Rehman, F., Al-Worafi, Y. M., Aly, H., Ali, A. H., Amare, A., Gill, T. K., Yadav, L., Noubiap, J., Opio, J., Mengesha, E. W., Ameyaw, E. K., Amhare, A., Lin, S., Amin, T. T., Elhabashy, H. R., Hassan, A., Dehkordi, J. A., Kabir, H., Amiri, S., Amugsi, D. A., Wado, Y. D., Amzat, J., Bello, M. B., Shittu, A., Aruleba, I. T., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, C., Florin, B. T., Negoi, I., Serban, D., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Matei, C. N., Negoi, R. I., Anderlini, D., Begum, T., Kanmiki, E., Maravilla, J. C., Khan, A., Moni, M., Lalloo, R., McGrath, J. J., Veerman, L. J., Andrade, P. P., Busse, R., Mohammed, S., Andrei, T., Herteliu, C., Mirica, A., Otoiu, A., Petcu, I., Dima, A., Stefan, S., Angappan, D., Anil, A., Charan, J., Shamim, M., Singh, S., Varthya, S. B., Baskaran, P., Bhardwaj, P., Bhardwaj, N., Dixit, S. G., Krishna, H., Nayyar, A. K., Choudhary, R., Dixit, A., Misra, S., Mittal, M., Saravanan, A., Singh, M., Ram, P., Anjum, A., Antriyandarti, E., Anwar, S., Anyasodor, A. E., Appiah, S., Boampong, M. S., Aqeel, M., Arabloo, J., Eghdami, S., Panahi, P., Kabir, A., Salahi, S., Behnagh, A. K., Kasraei, H., Khodadoust, E., Latifinaibin, K., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Toroudi, H. P., Sarveazad, A., Zahedi, M., Moradi, M., Arab-Zozani, M., Ghalibaf, A. M., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Arafat, M., Araújo, A. M., Belo, L., Carvalho, F., Costa, V. M., da Silva, D. D., Silva, J. P., Carvalho, M., Cruz-Martins, N., Freitas, A., Vieira, R. J., Pinheiro, M., Ribeiro, A., Aremu, A., Odetokun, I. A., Aripov, T., Armocida, B., Unim, B., Sabbatucci, M., Artamonov, A. A., Artanti, K. D., Efendi, F., Purnobasuki, H., Wulandari, R. D., Arulappan, J., Chavula, M. P., Edvardsson, D., Orru, H., Fattahi, H., Asika, M. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Atout, M. M. W., Atreya, A., Attia, S., Aujayeb, A., Avan, A., Hachinski, V., Stranges, S., Bolarinwa, O. A., Ginindza, T. G., Ogunsakin, R. E., Quintanilla, B. A., Rahman, M., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Ortiz, A., Soriano, J. B., Catalá-López, F., Aziz, S., Azzam, A. Y., Babashahi, M., Bayati, M., Kouhanjani, M. F., Fazeli, P., Karajizadeh, M., Ghahramani, S., Sarikhani, Y., Shahabi, S., Iravanpour, F., Jafarinia, M., Oliaee, R. T., Ravangard, R., Razeghian-Jahromi, I., Roshanzamir, S., Mansoori, Y., Bakkannavar, S. M., Nayak, V. C., Holla, R., Kamath, A., Rao, M., Ligade, V. S., Rao, C. R., Shetty, R. S., Rao, I., Reshmi, B., Badar, M., Badawi, A., Bhutta, Z. A., Chattu, V., Malhotra, A. K., Mostofinejad, A., Shakil, H., Badiye, A. D., Bansal, H., Kapoor, N., Baghdadi, S., Bagherieh, S., Fatehizadeh, A., Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K., Sadeghi, M., Mirmosayyeb, O., Saber, K., Shafaat, A., Bahadorikhalili, S., Bai, J., Yu, C., Bai, R., Baker, J. L., Bako, A. T., Makram, O. M., Balakrishnan, S., Balogun, S. A., Singh, A., Tian, J., Jatau, A., Baltatu, O. C., Baltatu, O., Campos, L. A., Bam, K., Olaiya, M. T., Bhandari, D., Dalli, L. L., Banach, M., Banik, B., Banik, P. C., Barati, S., Saeedi, M., Bardhan, M., Barker-Collo, S. L., Beyene, K. A., Barone-Adesi, F., Barr, R. D., Kurmi, O. P., Mannan, F., Olagunju, A. T., Barrero, L. H., Basharat, Z., Bashir, A. I. J., Bashiru, H. A., Folayan, M. O., Bassat, Q., Basso, J. D., Silva, S., Rodrigues, M., Basu, S., Batra, K., Batra, R., Sharma, M., Baune, B. T., Bedi, N., Ghailan, K. Y., Khan, M., Halboub, E. S., Shanawaz, M., Sayeed, A., Siraj, M., Behboudi, E., Soleimani, H., Beiranvand, M., Ramirez, D. F. B., Malagón-Rojas, J. N., Belgaumi, U. I., Bello, A. K., Ebenezer, O., Eboreime, E., Umair, M., Beloukas, A., Lunevicius, R., Bendak, S., Benzian, H., Friedman, S. D., Peprah, E. K., Berezvai, Z., Berman, A. E., Bermudez, A. C., Loreche, A., Liu, S., Mohamed, M. F. H., Bettencourt, P. J. G., Bhagat, D. S., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhala, N., Dehbandi, R., Glasbey, J. C., Bhalla, A., Marasini, B. P., Paudel, U., Poudel, L., Bhardwaj, P. V., Bhargava, A., Kahe, F., Bhaskar, S., Bhat, V., Bhatti, G. K., Kalra, S., Bhatti, J. S., Senapati, S., Bhatti, M. S., Bhatti, R., Das, J. K., Bikbov, B., Bintoro, B., Bisulli, F., Golinelli, D., Guicciardi, S., Lenzi, J., Mazzotti, A., Muccioli, L., Sanmarchi, F., Violante, F. S., Biswas, A., Dhali, A., Biswas, R., Chen, L., Driscoll, T. R., Tang, H. K., Islam, S., Kandel, H., You, Y., Leigh, J., Singh, B. B., Visontay, R., Bitaraf, S., Kaydi, N., Eini, E., Khafaie, M. A., Sadeghian, S., Bjørge, T., Dadras, O., Wojewodzic, M. W., Bodolica, V., Bonny, A., Bora, K., Basara, B. B., Francis, K. L., Kerr, J. A., Carvajal, A. B., Bouaoud, S., Ouyahia, A., Boudalia, S., Lanfranchi, F., Bragazzi, N. L., Braithwaite, D., Ding, D. D., Karanth, S. D., Naghavi, P., Brenner, H., Britton, G., Bulamu, N. B., Bulto, L. N., Foley, K. M., Jemere, D., Kaambwa, B., Mpundu-Kaambwa, C., Buonsenso, D., Villani, L., Nagaraja, S. B., Butt, Z. A., Cai, T., Calina, D., Cámera, L. A., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Ortega-Altamirano, D. V., Rios-Blancas, M., Pando-Robles, V., Cao, C., Cardenas, C. A., Cárdenas, R., Carreras, G., Carugno, A., Castañeda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Catapano, A. L., Damiani, G., Vecchia, C. L., Caye, A., Duncan, B. B., Schmidt, M. I., Hugo, F. N., Cembranel, F., Cenderadewi, M., Emeto, T. I., Obamiro, K. O., Cerin, E., Poudel, G. R., Guo, C., Sarkar, C., Yip, P., Cevik, M., Chacón-Uscamaita, P. R., Chirinos-Caceres, J. L., Chakraborty, C., Chan, J., Chang, C., Douiri, A., Wafa, H. A., Hbid, Y., Mazidi, M., Urso, D., Charalampous, P., Volovici, V., Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V., Johnson, O., Mathioudakis, A. G., Mughal, F., Cheema, H. A., Chen, A., Chen, H., Zhu, Z., Chew, D. S., Tonelli, M., Yang, L., Chitheer, A., Cho, S. J., Ebrahimi, A., Nguyen, D. H., Cho, W. C. S., Chong, B., Ma, S., Ramazanu, S., Tan, K., Venketasubramanian, N., Chopra, H., Mini, G., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Pantazopoulos, I., Pilgrim, T., Stortecky, S., Chu, D., Chukwu, I. S., Cini, K. I., Clark, C. C. T., Conde, J., Conti, S., Cortesi, P. A., Fornari, C., Mantovani, L. G., Ferrara, P., Cowden, R. G., Criqui, M. H., Cullen, P., Jarlais, D. C. D., Gunturu, S., Dadana, S., Dalal, Koustuv, Kurmanova, A., Guha, A., Qattea, I., Darwesh, A. M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Das, S., Dávila-Cervantes, C. A., Davletov, K., Leo, D. D., Delgado-Enciso, I., Delgado-Ortiz, L., Morawska, L., Demessa, B. H., Demetriades, A. K., Eze, U. A., Simpson, C. R., Verras, G., Deng, X., Dervenis, N., Patoulias, D., Desai, H. D., Desai, R., Devanbu, V. G. C., Dey, S., Perianayagam, A., Dhama, K., Ranabhat, C. L., Dhimal, M. L., Dhimal, M., Ghimire, S., Pandey, A., Dhingra, S., Diaz, D., Do, T. C., Pham, H., Do, T. H., Prado, C. B. D., Dodangeh, M., Dokova, K. G., Dorsey, E., Santos, W. M. D., Doshi, R., Dsouza, H. L., Rastogi, P., Shetty, B. K., Jeganathan, J., Joseph, N., Kumar, N., Mithra, P., Thapar, R., Reddy, M. M. R., Unnikrishnan, B., Dube, J., Dumith, S. C., Duraes, A. R., Pereira, M., Rasella, D., Duraisamy, S., Durojaiye, O. C., Oguta, J. O., Dutta, S., Dzianach, P. A., Gething, P. W., Sanna, F., Weiss, D. J., Kiss, J., McPhail, M. A., Rumisha, S. F., Lubinda, J., Saddler, A., Dziedzic, A. M., Tsermpini, E., Echieh, C. P., Ed-Dra, A., Edinur, H. A., Edvardsson, K., Efendi, D., Kusuma, D., Trihandini, I., Latief, K., Eikemo, T., Ekpor, E., Arab, R. A. E., Morsi, D. A. E., Zaki, M. E. S., Elshaer, M., Ramadan, H., Elgar, F. J., Mate, K. K. V., Ortiz-Brizuela, E., Rana, J., Nabhan, A. F., Samy, A. M., Elhadi, M., Elsohaby, I., Saad, A. M. A., Zeydi, A. E., Goudarzian, A., Taheri, A., Bain, L. E., Erkhembayar, R., Espinosa-Montero, J., Fabin, N., Fadaka, A. O., Okonji, O. C., Farinha, C. S. E., Faro, A., Ward, P., Fauk, N. K., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Kravchenko, M. A., Piradov, M. A., Fekadu, G., Huang, J., Zhong, C., Jin, Y., Fetensa, G., Ferrante, D., Ferreira, N., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Steinbeis, F., Flavel, J., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, B., Foschi, M., Sacco, S., Franklin, R. C., Vieira, R., Fukumoto, T., Gaal, P. A., Joo, T., Lám, J., Palicz, T., Pollner, P., Szócska, M., Gaihre, S., Gaipov, A., Galali, Y., Sadee, B. A., Galehdar, N., Baghani, A. N., Zandi, M., Gallus, S., Lugo, A., Gan, Q., Gandhi, A. P., Patil, A., Ganesan, B., Garg, J., Gau, S., Gautam, R. K., Gazzelloni, F., Gebregergis, M. W., Mehari, M., Negash, H., Gebrehiwot, M., Gebremariam, T. B., Yesuf, S. A., Miller, T. R., Ghajar, A., Ghanbarnia, M., Mahjoub, S., Mouodi, S., Gholamian, A., Tahbaz, S. V., Vajargah, P. G., Karkhah, S., Hassanipour, S., Jaafari, J., Ghozali, G., Ghozy, S., Ghuge, A. D., Gialluisi, A., Gibson, R. M., Goyal, A., Mediratta, R. P., Gil, A. U., Gill, P. S., Sakshaug, J. W., Gillum, R. F., Goel, A., Golechha, M., Goleij, P., Matin, B. K., Sadeghi, E., Mirzaei, M., Moradinazar, M., Sayadi, Y., Shiani, A., Golestanfar, A., Gona, P. N., Kyei, E. F., Goudarzi, H., Greenhalgh, S., Guarducci, G., Gubari, M. I. M., Ma, J., Gunawardane, D. A., Gupta, A. K., Singh, N. P., Gupta, B., Gupta, I. R., Gupta, R., Mi, T., Gupta, S., Gupta, V., Marx, W., Gupta, V. K., Gutiérrez, R. A., Habibzadeh, F., Habibzadeh, P., Haddadi, R., Taherkhani, A., Haep, N., Samadzadeh, S., Halim, S. A., Hall, B. J., Haller, S., Hamadeh, R. R., Jahrami, H., Abdullah, K. H., Hamidi, S., Hamiduzzaman, M., Hammoud, A., Hannan, M., Haque, M., Kuddus, M., Harapan, H., Haro, J. M., Kuddus, A., Hasaballah, A. I., Hasan, F., Huy, L. D., Huynh, H., Minh, L., Samodra, Y. L., Sarasmita, M. A., Susanty, S., Hasan, I., Islam, M., Hasani, H., Hasanian, M., Hasanpour-Dehkordi, A., Haubold, J., Schaarschmidt, B. M., Havmoeller, R. J., Hebert, J. J., Heidari, G., Heidari, M., Lotfizadeh, M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Sheikhi, R., Helfer, B., Hettiarachchi, D., Wickramasinghe, D. P., Heyi, D. Z., Hezam, K., Hiraike, Y., Nomura, S., Hoffman, H. J., Mensah, L. G., Horita, N., Mensah, G. A., Hosseinzadeh, H., Hsairi, M., Hsieh, V., Hwang, B., Lin, R., Hu, C., Ji, J. S., Hultström, M., Larsson, A. O., Hussain, J., Ullah, S., Hussain, S., Hussein, N. R., Quan, N., Ilic, I. M., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Vujcic, I. S., Vukovic, R., Ilic, M. D., Inbaraj, L. R., Iradukunda, A., Iregbu, K. C., Islam, M. R., Livingstone, K. M., Stokes, M. A., Islami, F., Ismail, N., Iwagami, M., McKee, M., Iwu, C. C. D., Malinga, L. A., Iwu-Jaja, C. J., Stein, D. J., Katoto, P. D., Mhlanga, L., Tamuzi, J. L., Iyer, M., Muthu, S., Merin, L., Sarode, G. S., Sarode, S. C., Jacob, L., Jacobsen, K. H., Jaggi, K., Jain, A., Jain, N., Jairoun, A. A., Jakovljevic, M., Yengejeh, R. J., Jani, C. T., Janko, M. M., Yao, Y., Jayapal, S., Jayaram, S., Jeong, W., Jha, A. K., Jha, R. P., Zhang, Z., Liu, J., Zou, Z., Jomehzadeh, N., Mojiri-Forushani, H., Joseph, A., Park, S., Ramasamy, S., Joshua, C. E., Jozwiak, J. J., Jürisson, M., Kabir, Z., Kadashetti, V., Shivakumar, K. M., Varma, S. A., Kakodkar, P. V., Kaliyadan, F., Kanagasabai, T., Kanmodi, K. K., Kantar, R., Kantar, R. S., Karaye, I. M., Karna, A. K., Khubchandani, J., Kashoo, F. Z., Katamreddy, A., Katikireddi, S. V., Petermann-Rocha, F. E., Shiue, I., Kaur, N., Kayibanda, J., Kayode, G. A., Koren, G., Keikavoosi-Arani, L., Mardi, P., Shafiee, A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Kesse-Guyot, E., Touvier, M., Khajuria, H., Nayak, B. P., Munjal, K., Khalid, N., Khan, I. A., Parthasarathi, A., Khan, T., Teramoto, M., Zastrozhin, M. S., Suheb, M. Z. K., Khatab, K., Khidri, F., Khosrowjerdi, M., Khusun, H., Kim, G., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Lallukka, T., Zakham, F., Meretoja, T. J., Knudsen, A. S., Madsen, C., Kosen, S., Kostev, K., Kotnis, A. L., Koul, P. A., Laxminarayana, S. K., Yesodharan, R., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Rohilla, R., Sharma, V., Krishnamoorthy, Y., Rajaa, S., Defo, B. K., Bicer, B. K., Zeariya, M. G. M., Kuitunen, I., Kulimbet, M., Kulkarni, V., McPhail, S. M., Kumar, A., Kumar, H., Kumari, M., Upadhyay, E., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Mehra, R., Kusnali, A., Kutluk, T., Kuttikkattu, A., Kyriopoulos, I., Lahariya, C., Lahmar, A., Lai, D. T. C., Lai, D. T., Laksono, T., Mehrotra, R., Lal, D. K., Lamnisos, D., Lan, T., Langguth, B., Schlee, W., Lansingh, V. C., Laplante-Lévesque, A., Lasrado, S., Lauriola, P., Le, L. K. D., Le, N., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, V. T., Le, T. T., Le, T. D. T., Lee, M., Lee, P. H., Tromans, S. J., Lee, S., Lee, S. W., Lee, W., Tat, V. Y., Lee, Y., Shin, M., Legesse, S. M., Leong, E., Li, M., Li, X., Li, Y., Likaka, A. T. M., Lioutas, V., Listl, S., Llanaj, E., Lo, C., Pepito, V. C. F., Lorenzovici, L., Lucchetti, G., Ma, Z., Mabrok, M., Machairas, N., Papadopoulou, P., Spartalis, M., Machoy, M., Gómez, J. A. M., Maharaj, S. B., Mahmoud, M. A., Mahmoudi, M., Malhotra, K., Malik, I., Mamun, A. A., Manla, Y., Marateb, H., Marconi, A. M., Marino, M., Marjani, A., Roshandel, G., Sajedi, S., Arnedo, C. A. M., Zakzuk, J., Martinez-Guerra, B. A., Martinez-Piedra, R., Martins, C. A., Martins-Melo, F. R., Martorell, M., Maryam, S., Marzo, R. R., Mazaheri, M., McAlinden, C., Mechili, E. A., Nikolouzakis, T. K., Meena, J. K., Prasad, C. P., Purohit, B. M., Sagar, R., Shankar, A., Mekonnen, M. M., Mendoza, W., Ntsekhe, M., Mentis, A. A., Mersha, A. M., Mesfin, B. A., Yesera, G. E., Mhlanga, A., Shah, N. S., Micha, G., Michalek, I., Mindlin, S. N., Skryabin, V. Y., Minelli, G., Mirutse, M. K., Mokhtarzadehazar, P., Valizadeh, R., Mittal, C., Mohamed, J., Mohamed, N. S., Olorukooba, A. A., Monasta, L., Ronfani, L., Zamagni, G., Moradi, Y., Moradpour, F., Moraga, P., Moreira, R. S., Morze, J., Khaneghah, A. M., Mrejen, M., Mubarik, S., Vart, P., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Mueller, U. O., Mukherjee, S., Mukoro, G. D., Mulita, A., Nena, E., Steiropoulos, P., Mulita, F., Ntaios, G., Muniyandi, M., Musaigwa, F., Puvvula, J., Musallam, K. M., Muthupandian, S., Myung, W., Nagarajan, A. J., Naik, G., Schwebel, D. C., Naimzada, M., Otstavnov, N., Nair, S., Nair, T. S., Najmuldeen, H. H., Naldi, L., Nangia, V., Nascimento, G. G., Naser, A. Y., Naveed, M., Nazri-Panjaki, A., Okati-Aliabad, H., Negero, A. K., Negru, S., Nejjari, C., Nepal, S., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, P. T., Alavi, S. R., Nigatu, Y. T., Nizam, M. A., Noreen, M., Norrving, B., Nri-Ezedi, C. A., Nuñez-Samudio, V., Nurrika, D., Oancea, B., Ofakunrin, A. O. D., Oh, I., Yon, D., Xu, B., Okidi, L., Okwute, P. G., Olatubi, M. I., Oliveira, G. M. M., Oliver, S., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Omer, G. L., Ong, S., Onyedibe, K. I., Ordak, M., Zielinska, M., Orisakwe, O. E., Ortiz-Prado, E., Osuagwu, U. L., Rana, K., Ouyang, G., Mahesh Padukudru, P. A., Rani, S., Manjula, M., Chandan, N. S., Padubidri, J., Varnosfaderani, M. P., Pal, P. K., Palladino, C., Taveira, N., Palma-Alvarez, R. F., Pana, A., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Patil, S., Pangaribuan, H. U., Panos, G. D., Pardhan, S., Parikh, R. R., Pasupula, D., Patel, J. R., Patel, S. K., Patthipati, V., Pedersini, P., Villafañe, J. H., Peng, M., Pensato, U., Pereira, G., Pereira, J., Shenoy, M. M., Perico, N., Remuzzi, G., Pezzani, R., Phillips, M., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Pierannunzio, D., Plakkal, N., Saya, G., Plotnikov, E., Poluru, R., Pond, C. D., Pourtaheri, N., Prada, S. I., Prajapati, V. K., Prakash, V., Prasad, M., Prashant, A., Qasim, N. H., Qian, G., Radfar, A., Radhakrishnan, V., Prajapati, V., Shahraki, H. R., Rafique, I., Raggi, A., Rahim, F., Rahman, T., Rahmani, A., Rajput, P., Rancic, N., Ranjan, S., Rao, S., Rashedi, V., Rashid, A. M., Rasul, A., Ravikumar, N., Rawassizadeh, R., Redwan, E. M. M., Reyes, L. F., Rezaeian, M., Ribeiro, D. C., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Romadlon, D. S., Rostamian, M., Roy, B., Roy, P., Rubagotti, E., Rwegerera, G. M., Rynkiewicz, A., Sunnerhagen, K. S., Stockfelt, L., Salem, M. R., Saeed, U., Saber-Ayad, M., Sahoo, S. S., Verma, M., Singal, A., Singh, P., Sajid, M. R., Salaroli, L. B., Salem, M. Z. Y., Samara, K. A., Samuel, V. P., Sanadgol, N., Sanganyado, E., Sanjeev, R. K., Santri, I. N., Saravi, B., Sarmiento-Suárez, R., Sathish, T., Sleet, D. A., Sattin, D., Saulam, J., Sayeed, M., Talukder, A., Saylan, M., Schuermans, A., Eynde, J. V. D., Schwendicke, F., Šekerija, M., Selvaraj, S., Sengupta, P., Senthilkumaran, S., Sethi, Y., Shah, P. A., Shahid, I., Shaikh, M. A., Sham, S., Shamshad, H., Shamshirgaran, M., Shariff, M., Sharifi-Rad, J., Sharma, R., Shastry, R. P., Shavandi, A., Shey, R., Shayan, A., Shehabeldine, A. M. E., Shen, J., Shibuya, K., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J., Shiri, R., Shivarov, V., Shrestha, S., Shuja, K., Shuval, K., Silva, L. M. R., Simões, J. P., Singh, B., Sivakumar, S., Skryabina, A. A., Starodubova, A. V., Solmi, M., Solomon, Y., Tefera, Y. M., Soyiri, I., Soyiri, I. N., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Starnes, J. R., Varavikova, E., Sreeramareddy, C., Starodubov, V. I., Stroumpoulis, K., Suleman, M., Abdulkader, R. S., Sultana, A., Sun, J., Swain, C. K., Sykes, B. L., Szarpak, L., Szeto, M. D., Damavandi, P. T., Tabatabaeizadeh, S., Tabb, K. M., Taborda-Barata, L. M., Tabuchi, T., Tadesse, B. T., Abkenar, Y. T., Udoh, A., Soodejani, M. T., Taiba, J., Tang, H., Tat, N. Y., Teimoori, M., Thangaraju, P., Thankappan, K. R., Thomas, N., Thum, C. C., Tichopad, A., Ticoalu, J. H. V., Tohidast, S., Tran, N. M., Trico, D., Truong, V. T., Truyen, T. T., Ulhaq, I., Umeokonkwo, C. D., Umesh, A., Vaithinathan, A. G., Varga, O., Vasankari, T. J., Venugopal, D., Verma, P., Villanueva, G. I., Villeneuve, P. J., Vlassov, V., Vo, B., Volovat, S. R., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R. G., Wang, F., Wang, S., Zhang, C., Weerakoon, K. G., Wickramasinghe, N. D., Wen, Y., Woolf, A. D., Wu, D., Xiao, H., Yaghoubi, S., Yano, Y., Yonemoto, N., Yigit, A., Yigit, V., Younis, M. Z., Younis, M., Zadey, S., Zadnik, V., Zahid, M. N., Zaman, B. A., Zaman, S., Zamora, N., Zanghì, A., Zare, I., Zeng, Y., Zhai, C., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zhao, Y., Zhou, J., and Zhu, B.

Abstract

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, ant

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Ages of the Bulge globular clusters NGC 6522 and NGC 6626 (M28) from HST Proper-motion-cleaned Color-Magnitude Diagrams

Author

Kerber, L. O., Nardiello, D., Ortolani, S., Barbuy, B., Bica, E., Cassisi, S., Libralato, M., and Vieira, R. G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Bulge globular clusters (GCs) with metallicities [Fe/H] <~ -1.0 and blue horizontal branches are candidates to harbor the oldest populations in the Galaxy. Based on the analysis of HST proper-motion-cleaned color-magnitude diagrams in filters F435W and F625W, we determine physical parameters for the old bulge globular clusters NGC 6522 and NGC 6626 (M28), both with well-defined blue horizontal branches. We compare these results with similar data for the inner halo cluster NGC 6362. These clusters have similar metallicities (-1.3 <= [Fe/H] <= -1.0) obtained from high resolution spectroscopy. We derive ages, distance moduli, and reddening values by means of statistical comparisons between observed and synthetic fiducial lines employing likelihood statistics and the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The synthetic fiducial lines were generated using alpha-enhanced BaSTI and Dartmouth stellar evolutionary models, adopting both canonical (Y ~ 0.25) and enhanced (Y~ 0.30-0.33) helium abundances. RR Lyrae stars were employed to determine the HB magnitude level, providing an independent indicator to constrain the apparent distance modulus and the helium enhancement. The shape of the observed fiducial line could be compatible with some helium enhancement for NGC 6522 and NGC 6626, but the average magnitudes of RR Lyrae stars tend to rule out this hypothesis. Assuming canonical helium abundances, BaSTI and Dartmouth models indicate that all three clusters are coeval, with ages between ~ 12.5 and 13.0 Gyr. The present study also reveals that NGC 6522 has at least two stellar populations, since its CMD shows a significantly wide subgiant branch compatible with 14% +/- 2% and 86% +/- 5% for first and second generations, respectively., Comment: 25 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Solving and classifying the solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation through a differential approach. Two-state systems

Author

Vieira, R. S.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems, High Energy Physics - Theory, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The formal derivatives of the Yang-Baxter equation with respect to its spectral parameters, evaluated at some fixed point of these parameters, provide us with two systems of differential equations. The derivatives of the $R$ matrix elements, however, can be regarded as independent variables and eliminated from the systems, after which two systems of polynomial equations are obtained in place. In general, these polynomial systems have a non-zero Hilbert dimension, which means that not all elements of the $R$ matrix can be fixed through them. Nonetheless, the remaining unknowns can be found by solving a few number of simple differential equations that arise as consistency conditions of the method. The branches of the solutions can also be easily analyzed by this method, which ensures the uniqueness and generality of the solutions. In this work we considered the Yang-Baxter equation for two-state systems, up to the eight-vertex model. This differential approach allowed us to solve the Yang-Baxter equation in a systematic way and also to completely classify its regular solutions., Comment: Final version. 40 pages, 3 tables. Keywords: Yang-Baxter Equation, Lattice Integrable Models, Eight-Vertex Model, Bethe Ansatz, Differential and Algebraic Geometry

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. The algebraic Bethe Ansatz and combinatorial trees

Author

Vieira, R. S. and Lima-Santos, A.

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics, Mathematical Physics, Nonlinear Sciences - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems
Abstract

We present in this paper a comprehensive introduction to the algebraic Bethe Ansatz, taking as examples the six-vertex model with periodic and non-periodic boundary conditions. We propose a diagrammatic representation of the commutation relations used in the algebraic Bethe Ansatz, so that the action of the transfer matrix in the nth excited state gives place to labeled combinatorial trees. The analysis of these combinatorial trees provides in a straightforward way the eigenvalues and eigenstates of the transfer matrix, as well as the respective Bethe Ansatz equations. Several identities between the R-matrix elements can also be derived from the symmetry of these diagrams regarding the permutation of their labels. This combinatorial approach gives some insights about how the algebraic Bethe Ansatz works, which can be valuable for non-experts readers., Comment: Keywords: Algebraic Bethe Ansatz, six-vertex model, combinatorial trees

Published
2017

30. Boundary Algebraic Bethe Ansatz for a nineteen vertex model with $U_{q}[\mathrm{osp}(2|2)^{(2)}]$ symmetry

Author

Vieira, R. S. and Santos, A. Lima

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The boundary algebraic Bethe Ansatz for a supersymmetric nineteen vertex-model constructed from a three-dimensional representation of the twisted quantum affine Lie superalgebra $U_{q}[\mathrm{osp}(2|2)^{(2)}]$ is presented. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of Sklyanin's transfer matrix, with diagonal reflection $K$-matrices, are calculated and the corresponding Bethe Ansatz equations are obtained., Comment: Keywords: Algebraic Bethe Ansatz, Open boundary conditions, Lie superalgebras, twisted Lie algebras, nineteen vertex-models

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Revealing the structure of the outer disks of Be stars

Author

Klement, R., Carciofi, A. C., Rivinius, T., Matthews, L. D., Vieira, R. G., Ignace, R., Bjorkman, J. E., Mota, B. C., Faes, D. M., Bratcher, A. D., Curé, M., and Štefl, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. The structure of the inner parts of Be star disks (20 stellar radii) is well explained by the viscous decretion disk (VDD) model, which is able to reproduce the observable properties of most of the objects studied so far. The outer parts, on the ther hand, are not observationally well-explored, as they are observable only at radio wavelengths. A steepening of the spectral slope somewhere between infrared and radio wavelengths was reported for several Be stars that were previously detected in the radio, but a convincing physical explanation for this trend has not yet been provided. Aims. We test the VDD model predictions for the extended parts of a sample of six Be disks that have been observed in the radio to address the question of whether the observed turndown in the spectral energy distribution (SED) can be explained in the framework of the VDD model, including recent theoretical development for truncated Be disks in binary systems. Methods. We combine new multi-wavelength radio observations from the Karl. G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) with previously published radio data and archival SED measurements at ultraviolet, visual, and infrared wavelengths. The density structure of the disks, including their outer parts, is constrained by radiative transfer modeling of the observed spectrum using VDD model predictions. In the VDD model we include the presumed effects of possible tidal influence from faint binary companions. Results. For 5 out of 6 studied stars, the observed SED shows strong signs of SED turndown between far-IR and radio wavelengths. A VDD model that extends to large distances closely reproduces the observed SEDs up to far IR wavelengths, but fails to reproduce the radio SED. ... (abstract continues but did not fit here), Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Reflection $K$-matrices for a nineteen vertex model with $U_{q}[\mathrm{osp}\left(2|2\right)^{\left(2\right)}]$ symmetry

Author

Vieira, R. S. and Santos, A. Lima

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We derive the solutions of the boundary Yang-Baxter equation associated with a supersymmetric nineteen vertex model constructed from the three-dimensional representation of the twisted quantum affine Lie superalgebra $U_{q}[\mathrm{osp}\left(2|2\right)^{\left(2\right)}]\simeq U_{q}[C\left(2\right)^{\left(2\right)}]$. We found three classes of solutions. The type I solution is characterized by three boundary free-parameters and all elements of the corresponding reflection $K$-matrix are different from zero. In the type II solution, the reflection $K$-matrix is even (every element of the $K$-matrix with an odd parity is null) and it has only one boundary free-parameter. Finally, the type III solution corresponds to a diagonal reflection $K$-matrix with two boundary free-parameters., Comment: 6 pages. Keywords: reflection K-matrices, boundary Yang-Baxter equation, Lie superalgebras, twisted Lie algebras, nineteen vertex-models

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. POS0908 THE IMPACT OF ANTI-RO52 ANTIBODIES ON MICROCIRCULATION AND ORGAN INVOLVEMENT IN AUTOIMMUNE CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES

Author

Bernardino, V., primary, Rodrigues, A., additional, Fernandes, M., additional, Llado, A., additional, Vicente, M., additional, Botelho de Sousa, M., additional, Vieira, R., additional, Martinho, R., additional, Dias, S., additional, Gomes, A. R., additional, Taulaigo, A., additional, Guerreiro Castro, S., additional, Patarata, E., additional, and Gruner, H., additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Solution of Supplee's submarine paradox through special and general relativity

Author

Vieira, R. S.

Subjects
Physics - Classical Physics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

In 1989 Supplee described an apparent relativistic paradox on which a submarine seems to sink to observers at rest within the ocean, but it rather seems to float in the submarine proper frame. In this letter, we show that the paradox arises from a misuse of the Archimedes principle in the relativistic case. Considering first the special relativity, we show that any relativistic force field can be written in the Lorentz form, so that it can always be decomposed into a \emph{static} (electric-like) and a \emph{dynamic} (magnetic-like) part. These gravitomagnetic effects provide a relativistic formulation of Archimedes principle, from which the paradox is explained. Besides, if the curved spacetime on the vicinity of the Earth is taken into account, we show that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on a moving body must increase with the speed of the body. The submarine paradox is then analyzed again with this speed-dependent gravitational force., Comment: Final version. 7 pages, 2 figures, Keywords: Supplee's submarine paradox, theory of relativity, gravitomagnetism, Archimedes principle, Lorentz force

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Reflection matrices with $U_q[osp^{(2)}(2|2m)]$ symmetry

Author

Vieira, R. S. and Lima-Santos, A.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, High Energy Physics - Theory, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We propose a classification of the reflection $K$-matrices (solutions of the boundary Yang-Baxter equation) for the $U_{q}[\mathrm{osp}^{\left(2\right)}\left(2|2m\right)]=U_{q}[C^{\left(2\right)}\left(m+1\right)]$ vertex-model. We have found four families of solutions, namely, the complete solutions, in which no elements of the reflection $K$-matrix is null, the block-diagonal solutions, the $X$-shape solutions and the diagonal solutions. We highlight that these diagonal $K$-matrices also hold for the $U_{q}[\mathrm{osp}^{\left(2\right)}\left(2n+2|2m\right)]=U_{q}[D^{\left(2\right)}\left(n+1,m\right)]$ vertex-model., Comment: 24 pages. Abstract and introduction rewriten, references added, results unchanged. Keywords: Integrable models, boundary Yang-Baxter equation, reflection $K$-matrices, twisted Lie superalgebras, orthosymplectic algebras

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Covariant theory of gravitation in the framework of special relativity

Author

Vieira, R. S. and Brentan, H. B.

Subjects
Physics - General Physics
Abstract

In this work, we study the magnetic effects of gravity in the framework of special relativity. Imposing covariance of the gravitational force with respect to the Lorentz transformations, we show from a thought experiment that a magnetic-like force must be present whenever two or more bodies are in motion. The exact expression for this gravitomagnetic force is then derived purely from special relativity and the consequences of such a covariant theory are developed. For instance, we show that the gravitomagnetic fields satisfy a system of differential equations similar to the Maxwell equations of electrodynamics. This implies that the gravitational waves spread out with the speed of light in a flat spacetime, which is in agreement with the recent results concerning the gravitational waves detection. We also propose that the vector potential can be associated with the interaction momentum in the same way as the scalar potential is usually associated with the interaction energy. Other topics are also discussed, for example, the transformation laws for the fields, the energy and momentum stored in the gravitomagnetic fields, the invariance of the gravitational mass and so on. We remark that is not our intention here to propose an alternative theory of gravitation but, rather, only a first approximation for the gravitational phenomena, so that it can be applied whenever the gravitational force can be regarded as an ordinary effective force field and special relativity can be used with safety. To make this point clear we present briefly a comparison between our approach and that based on the (linearized) Einstein's theory. Finally, we remark that although we have assumed nothing from the electromagnetic theory, we found that gravity and electricity share many properties in common - these similarities, in fact, are just a requirement of special relativity that must apply to any physically (...), Comment: Final version. 26 pages, 3 figures. PACS: 03.30.+p, 04.20.Cv, 11.30.Cp

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. The slimming effect of advection on black-hole accretion flows

Author

Lasota, J. -P., Vieira, R. S. S., Sadowski, A., Narayan, R., and Abramowicz, M. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

At super-Eddington rates accretion flows onto black holes have been described as slim (aspect ratio $H/R \lesssim 1$) or thick (H/R >1) discs, also known as tori or (Polish) doughnuts. The relation between the two descriptions has never been established, but it was commonly believed that at sufficiently high accretion rates slim discs inflate, becoming thick. We wish to establish under what conditions slim accretion flows become thick. We use analytical equations, numerical 1+1 schemes, and numerical radiative MHD codes to describe and compare various accretion flow models at very high accretion rates.We find that the dominant effect of advection at high accretion rates precludes slim discs becoming thick. At super-Eddington rates accretion flows around black holes can always be considered slim rather than thick., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Multitechnique testing of the viscous decretion disk model I. The stable and tenuous disk of the late-type Be star $\beta$ CMi

Author

Klement, R., Carciofi, A. C., Rivinius, T., Panoglou, D., Vieira, R. G., Bjorkman, J. E., Štefl, S., Tycner, C., Faes, D. M., Korčáková, D., Müller, A., Zavala, R. T., and Curé, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The viscous decretion disk (VDD) model is able to explain most of the currently observable properties of the circumstellar disks of Be stars. However, more stringent tests, focusing on reproducing multitechnique observations of individual targets via physical modeling, are needed to study the predictions of the VDD model under specific circumstances. In the case of nearby, bright Be star $\beta$ CMi, these circumstances are a very stable low-density disk and a late-type (B8Ve) central star. The aim is to test the VDD model thoroughly, exploiting the full diagnostic potential of individual types of observations, in particular, to constrain the poorly known structure of the outer disk if possible, and to test truncation effects caused by a possible binary companion using radio observations. We use the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code HDUST to produce model observables, which we compare with a very large set of multitechnique and multiwavelength observations that include ultraviolet and optical spectra, photometry covering the interval between optical and radio wavelengths, optical polarimetry, and optical and near-IR (spectro)interferometry. Due to the absence of large scale variability, data from different epochs can be combined into a single dataset. A parametric VDD model with radial density exponent of $n$ = 3.5, which is the canonical value for isothermal flaring disks, is found to explain observables typically formed in the inner disk, while observables originating in the more extended parts favor a shallower, $n$ = 3.0, density falloff. Modeling of radio observations allowed for the first determination of the physical extent of a Be disk (35$^{+10}_{-5}$ stellar radii), which might be caused by a binary companion. Finally, polarization data allowed for an indirect measurement of the rotation rate of the star, which was found to be $W \gtrsim 0.98$, i.e., very close to critical., Comment: 19 pages (35 including online material), 17 figures, 2 online figures, 2 online tables with data

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. High-resolution Br-gamma spectro-interferometry of the transitional Herbig Ae/Be star HD 100546: a Keplerian gaseous disc inside the inner rim

Author

Mendigutía, I., de Wit, W. J., Oudmaijer, R. D., Fairlamb, J. R., Carciofi, A. C., Ilee, J. D., and Vieira, R. G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present spatially and spectrally resolved Br-gamma emission around the planet-hosting, transitional Herbig Ae/Be star HD 100546. Aiming to gain insight into the physical origin of the line in possible relation to accretion processes, we carried out Br-gamma spectro-interferometry using AMBER/VLTI from three different baselines achieving spatial and spectral resolutions of 2-4 mas and 12000. The Br-gamma visibility is larger than that of the continuum for all baselines. Differential phases reveal a shift between the photocentre of the Br-gamma line -displaced 0.6 mas (0.06 au at 100 pc) NE from the star- and that of the K-band continuum emission -displaced 0.3 mas NE from the star. The photocentres of the redshifted and blueshifted components of the Br-gamma line are located NW and SE from the photocentre of the peak line emission, respectively. Moreover, the photocentre of the fastest velocity bins within the spectral line tends to be closer to that of the peak emission than the photocentre of the slowest velocity bins. Our results are consistent with a Br-gamma emitting region inside the dust inner rim (<0.25 au) and extending very close to the central star, with a Keplerian, disc-like structure rotating counter-clockwise, and most probably flared (25 deg). Even though the main contribution to the Br-gamma line does not come from gas magnetically channelled on to the star, accretion on to HD 100546 could be magnetospheric, implying a mass accretion rate of a few 10^-7 Msun/yr. This value indicates that the observed gas has to be replenished on time-scales of a few months to years, perhaps by planet-induced flows from the outer to the inner disc as has been reported for similar systems., Comment: 5 Figures. Accepted in MNRAS

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. On the number of roots of self-inversive polynomials on the complex unit circle

Author

Vieira, R. S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Complex Variables, Mathematical Physics, Nonlinear Sciences - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems, 11K16, 12D10, 12E10, 97I80
Abstract

We present a sufficient condition for a self-inversive polynomial to have a fixed number of roots on the complex unit circle. We also prove that these roots are simple when that condition is satisfied. This generalizes the condition found by Lakatos and Losonczi for all the roots of a self-inversive polynomial to lie on the complex unit circle., Comment: 5 pages

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Where are the roots of the Bethe Ansatz equations?

Author

Vieira, R. S. and Lima-Santos, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Mathematical Physics, Nonlinear Sciences - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems
Abstract

Changing the variables in the Bethe Ansatz Equations (BAE) for the XXZ six-vertex model we had obtained a coupled system of polynomial equations. This provided a direct link between the BAE deduced from the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz (ABA) and the BAE arising from the Coordinate Bethe Ansatz (CBA). For two magnon states this polynomial system could be decoupled and the solutions given in terms of the roots of some self-inversive polynomials. From theorems concerning the distribution of the roots of self-inversive polynomials we made a thorough analysis of the two magnon states, which allowed us to find the location and multiplicity of the Bethe roots in the complex plane, to discuss the completeness and singularities of Bethe's equations, the ill-founded string-hypothesis concerning the location of their roots, as well as to find an interesting connection between the BAE with Salem's polynomials., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Biometric Predictability in Combined Cataract Surgery and Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation Depending on Tube Position

Author

Marta A, Coelho J, Vieira R, Figueiredo A, Reis R, Sampaio I, Menéres MJ, and Menéres P

Subjects
glaucoma, ahmed valve, cataract, phacoemulsification, biometry, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Ana Marta,1,2 João Coelho,1 Rita Vieira,1 Ana Figueiredo,1 Rita Reis,1 Isabel Sampaio,1 Maria João Menéres,1,2 Pedro Menéres1,2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal; 2Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Oporto, PortugalCorrespondence: Ana MartaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, 4099-001, PortugalEmail analuisamarta2@gmail.comPurpose: To compare the predictability of biometric results in patients undergoing cataract surgery combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation according to tube position.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery combined with AGV implantation with the tube in posterior (group PC) and anterior (group AC) chamber, between November 2012 and April 2020. The main outcome was the mean biometric prediction error, according to tube position, using different formulas.Results: The study included 49 eyes of 36 patients, 23 eyes in group PC and 26 eyes in group AC. Gender (p=0.774), age (p=0.822), type of glaucoma (p=0.168), preoperative correct distance visual acuity (p=0.139), axial length (p=0.765), anterior chamber depth (p=0.351), keratometry (p=0.577) and intraocular lens power (p=0.608) were similar between groups. Only preoperative intraocular pressure was higher in group PC (p=0.005). The mean prediction errors using Haigis, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Barrett Universal II, Kane and Hill RBF formulas were all positive in group PC (hyperopic) and all negative (myopic) in group AC. In group PC, there was no significant difference in prediction error between these formulas (p> 0.05). In group AC, the formula with the worst prediction error was Haigis (p=0.001), and the best was Barrett Universal II (p=0.043).Conclusion: The biometric predictability and expected final refraction in phacoemulsification surgery combined with AGV implantation are modified by the position of the tube.Keywords: glaucoma, Ahmed valve, cataract, phacoemulsification, biometry

Published
2021

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results