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Aquaculture activities can affect water quality and phytoplankton composition. Our study estimated phytoplankton density and composition relating to aquaculture-impacted environmental factors. We analyzed water quality and phytoplankton at 35 sites in a tropical brackish lagoon, including inside aquaculture ponds (integrated farming of fish, shrimp, and crab), at wastewater discharge points, within 300 m of these points, and farther out in the lagoon. Measurements were taken after aquaculture activities started in March and again in July. In both periods, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and turbidity decreased from the aquaculture ponds to the farther lagoon areas. Principal component analysis showed that nutrients, turbidity, and Chl-a were critical factors in aquaculture ponds, while salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and water depth influenced water quality outside the ponds. Phytoplankton density was higher in July than in March due to aquaculture characteristics. Redundancy analysis indicated that phytoplankton, typical of inorganic, turbid, shallow lakes, was present throughout, whereas marine phytoplankton characterized the open water area (OWA). Marine phytoplankton caused a higher Shannon–Wiener index in July compared to March for OWA. Phytoplankton in aquaculture ponds was dominated by Oscillatoria spp., while Thalassiosira spp. dominated outside the ponds. We also identified indicator genera for two connected lagoons. Although constant water exchange prevented identifying specific indicator phytoplankton groups for aquaculture, this revealed the impact of wastewater from aquaculture ponds on the natural environment in the lagoons. Research on phytoplankton communities is necessary for the sustainable development of aquaculture and environmental management in coastal lagoons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of globalisation and the widespread dominance of English, Southeast Asian countries have experienced significant shifts in their foreign language policies, prioritising English instruction over other languages. While numerous studies have explored teacher agency in response to educational change, understanding the motivations behind their actions warrants further attention. Amidst this evolving educational landscape in culturally nuanced contexts like Southeast Asia, unpacking the influence of Asian sociocultural values on how teachers exert agency during this transition could provide in‐depth insights into teacher agency and their decision making. Employing a sociocultural approach and drawing on Bourdieu's theory of practice, this paper examines the sociocultural factors shaping the agency of 20 teachers in a Vietnamese university as they respond to a profound educational change—the transition from teaching modern foreign languages (e.g., French, Chinese, and Russian) to teaching English. Through teacher interviews with 20 transitioned teachers, supplemented by insights from interviews with two faculty and university leaders, the findings reveal the embodiment of Bourdieu's concepts of Habitus and Capital in Vietnamese adaptability, flexibility, family roles, responsibilities, and teachers’ sense of collectivity as influential factors on teacher agency. Additionally, the hierarchical nature of change implementation, as reflected in leaders’ orientations, organisational constraints, and administrative styles, viewed through the lens of Field and social networks, contributes to the intricate dynamics of the transition process. Understanding these findings is crucial for comprehending the factors that constrain and facilitate teachers’ responses to change within the complex interplay of individual dispositions, societal structures, and power distribution within the educational sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to estimate medical wastes generation rates in Viet Nam. Within 3 years (from 2017 to 2019), total medical wastes generated daily of 1,737 health-care facilities at different levels from 19/63 provinces in Viet Nam were surveyed. The calculation was based on the median daily generation (in kg) of 6 medical waste groups and total actual patient beds in 9 health-care facility categories. Six medical waste groups were sharps, non-sharps, high-risk infectious, pathological, non-infectious hazardous, recyclable and non-recyclable wastes. Surveyed health-care facilities were categorized in central general hospitals, central specialist hospitals, provincial general hospitals, provincial specialist hospitals, district health centers, regional clinics, commune health stations, private hospitals and private clinics. The results showed that waste generation rates varied from 0.0009 to 1.619 kg/bed/day depends on type of medical wastes or health-care facilities. For no-patient-bed facilities (commune health stations and private clinics), medical waste generation rates of these two were calculated in kg/day and varied from 0.1 to 1.75 kg/day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chuyển đổi số không chỉ là một quá trình kỹ thuật mà còn là một yếu tố quan trọng đối với sự phát triển của tổ chức và quốc gia. Trong khi đã có nhiều thành công trong việc chuyển đổi số, nhưng cũng không thiếu những trường hợp thất bại, phụ thuộc vào năng lực kỹ thuật số và quản lý chuyển đổi. Nghiên cứu này tập trung vào việc xác định hai loại năng lực này và vai trò của chúng trong việc thực hiện các chiến lược và sáng kiến chuyển đổi số. Bằng cách phân tích quá trình chuyển đổi số ở Việt Nam và khảo sát các tỉnh thành điển hình, nghiên cứu này đề xuất các mô hình mới dựa trên phương pháp Tổng quan Tài liệu có Hệ thống (SLR). Sử dụng dữ liệu thứ cấp như GRDP, DTI, EBI, PCI và PAPI, nghiên cứu đã phân tích quá trình chuyển đổi số của 07 thành phố lớn ở Việt Nam. Cuối cùng, nghiên cứu đưa ra các khuyến nghị chính sách và quản lý để tận dụng tối đa năng lực kỹ thuật số và quản lý trong quá trình số hóa của Việt Nam, đặc biệt là đối với lãnh đạo địa phương.

Objective: To validate a serum biomarker developed in the USA for preterm birth (PTB) risk stratification in Viet Nam. Methods: Women with singleton pregnancies (n = 5000) were recruited between 19+0-23+6 weeks' gestation at Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. Maternal serum was collected from 19+0-22+6 weeks' gestation and participants followed to neonatal discharge. Relative insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) abundances were measured by mass spectrometry and their ratio compared between PTB cases and term controls. Discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC) and calibration for PTB <37 and <34 weeks' gestation were tested, with model tuning using clinical factors. Measured outcomes included all PTBs (any birth ≤37 weeks' gestation) and spontaneous PTBs (birth ≤37 weeks' gestation with clinical signs of initiation of parturition). Results: Complete data were available for 4984 (99.7%) individuals. The cohort PTB rate was 6.7% (n = 335). We observed an inverse association between the IGFBP4/SHBG ratio and gestational age at birth (p = 0.017; AUC 0.60 [95% CI, 0.53-0.68]). Including previous PTB (for multiparous women) or prior miscarriage (for primiparous women) improved performance (AUC 0.65 and 0.70, respectively, for PTB <37 and <34 weeks' gestation). Optimal performance (AUC 0.74) was seen within 19-20 weeks' gestation, for BMI >21 kg/m2 and age 20-35 years. Conclusion: We have validated a novel serum biomarker for PTB risk stratification in a very different setting to the original study. Further research is required to determine appropriate ratio thresholds based on the prevalence of risk factors and the availability of resources and preventative therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện để trả lời cho câu hỏi liệu có tồn tại hay không sự đánh đổi giữa hạnh phúc cho người dân với chất lượng môi trường ở Việt Nam trong khoảng thời gian từ 1980 - 2021. Bằng kỹ thuật phân tích Wavelet, những phát hiện chính của nghiên cứu được tổng kết như sau: (i) Tồn tại sự đánh đổi giữa chất lượng môi trường với tuổi thọ bình quân đầu người của người dân Việt Nam cả trong ngắn hạn và dài hạn; (ii) Tương quan giữa chất lượng môi trường với tăng trưởng kinh tế là yếu trong ngắn hạn, nhưng mạnh trong dài hạn; (iii) Tương quan giữa chất lượng môi trường và hạnh phúc của người dân thông qua chỉ số phát triển con người là yếu trong giai đoạn từ 1994 đến 2012, nhưng mạnh lên sau năm 2012 cho đến nay. Dựa trên những phát hiện này, bài viết đề xuất một số hàm ý chính sách giúp thúc đẩy hạnh phúc cho người dân và giảm bớt các tác động tiêu cực đến môi trường tại Việt Nam.

The COVID-19 pandemic had profound impacts on education globally. The pandemic widened educational disparities between young people with and without disabilities, but accounts from low- and middle-income countries are missing from the literature. This article reports on a multi-country qualitative study of experiences of education in low- and middle-income countries during the pandemic. Interviews were conducted with primary, secondary, and tertiary-level young people with disabilities who were engaged in education, and caregivers, with 30–60 participants per country. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, organised according to three key topics: experiences accessing education prior to the pandemic, barriers to access during the pandemic, and the impact of poor access. The pandemic exacerbated the existing failure of education systems to cater to the needs of people with disabilities and their families. Beyond education, losses in functioning, mental health, and family wellbeing were acutely felt by caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In Viet Nam, key populations (KPs) face barriers accessing HIV services. Virtual platforms can be leveraged to increase access for KPs, including for HIV self‐testing (HIVST). This study compares reach and effectiveness of a web‐based HIVST intervention from pilot to scale‐up in Viet Nam. Methods: A mixed‐methods explanatory sequential design used cross‐sectional and thematic analysis. The pilot launched in Can Tho in November 2020, followed by Hanoi and Nghe An in April 2021. Scale‐up included Can Tho and Nghe An, with 21 novel provinces from April to December 2022. After risk assessment, participants registered on the website, receiving HIVST (OraQuick®) by courier, peer educator or self‐pick‐up. Test result reporting and completing satisfaction surveys were encouraged. Intervention reach was measured through numbers accessing the testing, disaggregated by demographics, and proportion of individuals reporting self‐testing post‐registration. Effectiveness was measured through numbers reporting self‐test results, testing positive and linking to care, and testing negative and using HIVST to manage pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. Thematic content analysis of free‐text responses from the satisfaction survey synthesized quantitative outcomes. Results: In total, 17,589 participants registered on the HIVST website; 11,332 individuals ordered 13,334 tests. Participants were generally young, aged <25 years (4309/11,332, 38.0%), male (9418/11,332, 83.1%) and men who have sex with men (6437/11,332, 56.8%). Nearly half were first‐time testers (5069/11,332, 44.9%). Scale‐up participants were two times more likely to be assigned female at birth (scale‐up; 1595/8436, 18.9% compared to pilot; 392/3727, 10.5%, p < 0.001). Fewer test results were reported in scale‐up compared with pilot (pilot: 3129/4140, 75.6%, scale‐up: 5811/9194, 63.2%, p < 0.001). 6.3% of all tests were reactive (pilot: 176/3129, 5.6% reactive compared to scale‐up: 385/5811, 6.6% reactive, p = 0.063); of which most linked to care (509/522, 97.5%). One‐fifth of participants with a negative test initiated or continued PrEP (pilot; 19.8%, scale‐up; 18.5%, p = 0.124). Thematic analysis suggested that community delivery models increased programmatic reach. Live chat may also be a suitable proxy for staff support to increase result reporting. Conclusions: Web‐based self‐testing in Viet Nam reached people at elevated risk of HIV, facilitating uptake of anti‐retroviral treatment and direct linkage to PrEP initiations. Further innovations such as the use of social‐network testing services and incorporating features powered by artificial intelligence could increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unsustainable snaring is causing biodiversity declines across tropical protected areas, resulting in species extinctions and jeopardizing the health of forest ecosystems. Here, we used 11 years of ranger‐collected data to assess the impact of intensive snare removal on snaring levels in two protected areas in Viet Nam. Snare removal resulted in significant declines in snare occupancy (36.9, 95% Bayesian credible interval [4.6, 59.0] reduction in percent area occupied), but snaring levels nonetheless remained high (31.4, [23.6, 40.8] percent area occupied), and came with a substantial financial cost. Our results indicate that snare removal remains an important component of efforts to protect tropical protected areas but by itself is likely insufficient to address this threat. To stop snaring in protected areas, a multifaceted approach will be necessary that combines short‐term reactive snare removal with long‐term proactive programs that address the underlying drivers behind snaring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a condition that the function of venous system is impaired due to insufficiency of venous valves. The prolonged periods of standing or sitting is considered the most crucial risk factor of CVI. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of CVI among seafood processing workers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through clinical examination and face-to-face interviews with 1160 seafood processing workers in Hai Phong from March to November in 2023 to assess the prevalence and associated factors to CVI. Results: The prevalence of CVI was 51.9%; the prevalent symptom was restless legs (54.0%); nocturnal cramps (49.3%); tight feeling in calves (43.2%); pins and needles (36.4%); edema lower legs (28.6%). Of all participants 4.1% were C0, 82.9% were C1, 11.0% were C2 and 2.0% were C3. Some factors associated with CVI: female (OR = 2.51, p=0.002); advanced age; prolonged periods of standing or sitting (OR = 2.08, p=0.001); overweight and obesity (OR =1.82, p=0.037); Abdominal obesity (OR =2.11, p=0.025); diabetes (OR = 1.95, p=0.045); hypertension (OR =2.59, p=0.004); gave birth to 2 and 3 children (OR = 1.78 and 2.35, p=0.002); working time over 8 hours per day (OR =3.87, p

Over the past years, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into art has become increasingly prevalent and unique. However, research on the impact of this originality on the customer experience and positive word-of-mouth behavior remains limited. This study aims to investigate and analyze the relationship between the originality of AI-based artworks, perceived spatial presence, and positive word-of-mouth. Drawing upon the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework, this research is conducted with a sample of 204 visitors at digital exhibition through a systematic random sampling method and mall-intercept technique. This study reveals that AI-based originality positively influences positive word-of-mouth through the mediating role of perceived spatial presence. These findings hold theoretical significance and managerial implications, contributing to guiding future research in the field of AI. For managerial implications, the study offers insights for exhibition and event organizers on the strategy of creating original AI-based artworks to generate positive word-of-mouth among visitors.

Sau gần hai thập kỷ đàm phán, Hiệp định bảo tồn và sử dụng bền vững đa đạng sinh học biển tại các vùng nằm ngoài quyền tài phán quốc gia (Hiệp định BBNJ) được thông qua ngày 19/6/2023 với các quy định về nguồn gen biển, công cụ quản lý theo vùng, đánh giá tác động môi trường, xây dựng và chuyển giao công nghệ biển. Bài viết giới thiệu bối cảnh ra đời và nội dung cơ bản của Hiệp định BBNJ, từ đó phân tích một số lợi ích và trở ngại trong việc thực thi Hiệp định ở góc độ quốc tế và đối với Việt Nam. Hiệp định là một bước tiến mới của luật pháp quốc tế nhằm đẩy mạnh hợp tác bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học, nâng cao năng suất, hiệu quả quản lý và thúc đẩy công bằng, bình đẳng trong khai thác và sử dụng tài nguyên biển. Tuy nhiên, việc phê chuẩn, xây dựng quy tắc hoạt động cho các thể chế, hợp tác với các khuôn khổ hiện hành và nguồn lực tài chính sẽ đặt ra những thách thức lớn trong việc thực thi Hiệp định này.

Trong bối cảnh toàn cầu hóa, hội nhập quốc tế là xu hướng tất yếu, Việt Nam và Nhật Bản đều nhận thức được tầm quan trọng của việc giao lưu văn hóa. Chính vì thế, hai bên không ngừng thúc đẩy quá trình giao lưu, hợp tác phát triển văn hóa, tạo điều kiện thuận lợi để phát triển kinh tế, nâng tầm ngoại giao, hội nhập sâu rộng hơn nữa với khu vực và thế giới. Bằng các phương pháp nghiên cứu quan hệ quốc tế, phân tích và tổng hợp, logic-lịch sử, bài viết tập trung làm rõ thực tiễn giao lưu văn hóa giữa Việt Nam - Nhật Bản thông qua các hoạt động giao lưu văn hóa theo nhóm các lễ hội, hoạt động quảng bá nghệ thuật, hợp tác sản xuất phim giữa Việt Nam và Nhật Bản giai đoạn 2001 – 2023. Từ đó, bài viết đánh giá tác động mà quá trình giao lưu văn hóa mang lại và đưa ra dự đoán triển vọng và thách thức của quan hệ hai nước trong tương lai.

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Vietnamese adults remains low and unequally distributed. We conducted a study on HBV-naïve adults living in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, to determine barriers associated with HBV vaccination uptake after removing the financial barrier by providing free coupons for HBV vaccination. Methods After being screened for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc, 284 HBV-naïve study participants aged 18 and over (i.e., negative for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc total) were provided free 3-dose HBV vaccine coupons. Next, study participants’ receipt of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses of HBV vaccine was documented at a pre-specified study healthcare facility, where HBV vaccines were distributed at no cost to the participants. Upon study entry, participants answered questionnaires on sociodemographics, knowledge of HBV and HBV vaccination, and related social and behavioral factors. The proportions of three doses of HBV vaccine uptake and their confidence intervals were analyzed. Associations of HBV vaccine initiation with exposures at study entry were evaluated using modified Poisson regression. Results 98.9% (281 of 284) of study participants had complete data and were included in the analysis. The proportion of participants obtaining the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses of HBV vaccine was 11.7% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 8.0-15.5%), 10.7% (95%CI 7.1–14.3%), and 8.9% (95%CI 5.6–12.2%), respectively. On the other hand, participants were more likely to initiate the 1st dose if they had adequate knowledge of transmission (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 2.58, 95% CI 1.12–5.92), adequate knowledge of severity (aRR = 6.75, 95%CI 3.38–13.48), and annual health-checking seeking behavior (aRR = 2.04, 95%CI 1.07–3.87). Conclusion We documented a low HBV vaccination uptake despite incentivization. However, increased vaccine initiation was associated with better HBV knowledge and annual health check-up adherence. When considering expanding HBV vaccination to the general adult population, we should appreciate that HBV knowledge is an independent predictor of vaccine uptake.

Nghiên cứu này khám phá các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến giá trị xuất khẩu gỗ và sản phẩm gỗ của Việt Nam, dựa trên dữ liệu từ 2010 đến 2021 của Việt Nam và 20 đối tác thương mại. Sử dụng phương pháp định lượng và mô hình trọng lực mở rộng, phân tích tiết lộ, quy mô kinh tế đối tác, giá gỗ thế giới, sản lượng gỗ Việt Nam, khoảng cách địa lý, tỷ giá hối đoái, lạm phát, và tham gia vào các Hiệp định Thương mại Tự do (FTA) có ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến xuất khẩu gỗ và sản phẩm gỗ. Các kết quả ước lượng cho thấy, cách thức các yếu tố này tác động đến ngành xuất khẩu gỗ và sản phẩm gỗ của Việt Nam, đồng thời đề xuất các khuyến nghị chính sách để hỗ trợ sự phát triển của ngành. Nghiên cứu góp phần mở rộng hiểu biết về tác động của các yếu tố kinh tế, thị trường, và chính sách đến ngành xuất khẩu quan trọng này, hướng tới việc củng cố và mở rộng thị trường xuất khẩu gỗ và sản phẩm gỗ của Việt Nam.

Trong bối cảnh khoa học công nghệ được đầu tư phát triển mạnh mẽ trong lĩnh vực hành chính công ở Việt Nam, thông tin báo cáo tài chính được phép công khai trên website chính thức của cơ quan nhà nước từ trung ương đến địa phương, tuy nhiên mức độ công bố thông tin còn thấp và không đồng đều, nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm khám phá các nhân tố có khả năng tác động đến mức độ công bố thông tin tài chính trên Internet của chính quyền địa phương tại Việt Nam hiện nay. Nghiên cứu góp phần lý giải những động cơ, nguyên nhân dẫn dắt việc thực hiện và sự khác biệt trong mức độ công khai minh bạch thông tin tài chính trên Internet của các cơ quan chính quyền địa phương ở Việt Nam. Kết quả nghiên cứu cung cấp bằng chứng thực nghiệm cho thấy, mức độ thịnh vượng, mức độ công khai minh bạch quản trị và hành chính công, và mức độ kiểm soát tham nhũng của người dân tác động đến mức độ công bố thông tin tài chính trên Internet trong khu vực công Việt Nam.

Lựa chọn nghề nghiệp luôn là một trong những yếu tố quan trọng để dự đoán sự phát triển bền vững trong tương lai và ảnh hưởng lớn đến cuộc sống, sự nghiệp của sinh viên. Bằng phương pháp phát phiếu khảo sát trực tuyến, nhóm nghiên cứu đã thu thập được 3.849 phiếu trả lời hợp lệ. Áp dụng mô hình lý thuyết nghề nghiệp nhận thức xã hội kết hợp với các phương pháp phân tích số liệu định lượng, bài viết chứng tỏ yếu tố ảnh hưởng đồng trang lứa và ảnh hưởng nhận thức đều có tác động trực tiếp đến lựa chọn nghề nghiệp. Nghiên cứu cũng chứng minh mối quan hệ gián tiếp giữa sự tự tin vào năng lực bản thân và lựa chọn nghề nghiệp thông qua biến kết quả kỳ vọng nghề nghiệp. Bài nghiên cứu góp phần đa dạng hóa các tài liệu về lựa chọn nghề nghiệp và đưa ra khuyến nghị cho chính phủ, doanh nghiệp và sinh viên nhằm tháo gỡ những khó khăn về lao động việc làm và đóng góp vào sự phát triển nghề nghiệp bền vững

Cities worldwide are facing rapid urbanization along with various issues related to the living environment, attracting investment, tourism, and talent retention. As one of the emerging countries, Vietnam has been at the forefront of implementing a national program and strategy for digital transformation, with the development of intelligent cities identified as one of its core tasks. While smart cities worldwide have successfully utilized the Living Lab model to address urban issues, the Living Lab model remains novel and has not been widely applied in Vietnam. To address existing urban issues and keep up with global development trends, this study synthesized and analyzed the development process of Living Labs from different continents using theoretical analysis, classification, experience summarization, comparative analysis, and expert interviews. Consequently, the study proposes a method for constructing a Living Lab in Vietnam based on proven global development approaches.

In this paper, we estimated the additional health capacities to work of older Vietnamese adults by applying the Milligan–Wise and Cutler–Meara–Richards-Shubik methods with various nationally representative datasets. In following these methods, we postulated that older adults’ mortality rates, life expectancies, and health statuses were comparable to their younger counterparts. We found that there were significant differences in employment rates between various groups of older male and female adults, in which women generally had higher capacities to work than men if they both had similar mortality rates. Along with other sociodemographic and economic factors, health status is a significant factor in determining the probability of being employed for older adults. Based on these findings, we discuss needed policy options, with a focus on health-related issues, for Viet Nam to unleash the potential work capacities of older adults.

Abstract Background In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) represents a devastating life-event with an exorbitant price tag, partly due to lost income from daily directly observed therapy in public sector care. Thus, persons with TB may seek care in the private sector for its flexibility, convenience, and privacy. Our study aimed to measure income changes, costs and catastrophic cost incurrence among TB-affected households in the public and private sector. Methods Between October 2020 and March 2022, we conducted 110 longitudinal patient cost interviews, among 50 patients privately treated for TB and 60 TB patients treated by the National TB Program (NTP) in Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Using a local adaptation of the WHO TB patient cost survey tool, participants were interviewed during the intensive phase, continuation phase and post-treatment. We compared income levels, direct and indirect treatment costs, catastrophic costs using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests and associated risk factors between the two cohorts using multivariate regression. Results The pre-treatment median monthly household income was significantly higher in the private sector versus NTP cohort (USD 868 vs USD 578; P = 0.010). However, private sector treatment was also significantly costlier (USD 2075 vs USD 1313; P = 0.005), driven by direct medical costs which were 4.6 times higher than costs reported by NTP participants (USD 754 vs USD 164; P

ABSTRACTThis cross-sectional study is the first to describe the prevalence of violence and poly-victimisation among 310 female sex workers (FSWs) who were cisgender in Haiphong, Viet Nam. An adapted version of the WHO-Multi-Country Study on Violence against Women Survey Instrument was administered to assess physical, sexual, economic and emotional forms of violence perpetrated by an intimate partner, paying partner/client, and/or others (e.g. relatives, police, strangers and other FSWs) during adulthood. The ACE-Q scale was administered to assess adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) before age 18 years. Our findings showed that FSWs are exposed to high rates of multiple forms of violence by multiple perpetrators. For any male client-perpetrated violence (CPV), lifetime prevalence was 70.0%, with 12-month prevalence 61.3%. Lifetime prevalence of male intimate partner violence (IPV) was 62.1%, and the 12-month prevalence was 58.2%. Lifetime and prior 12-month prevalence of physical and/or sexual violence by other perpetrators (OPV) was 18.1% and 14.2%, respectively. Sixty-five percent of FSWs reported at least one type of ACE. Overall, 21.6 percent of FSWs reported having experienced all three forms of violence (IPV, CPV and OPV) in their lifetime. Policy and programme recommendations for screening and prevention of violence are needed in this setting.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Vietnamese adults remains low and unequally distributed. We conducted a study on HBV-naïve adults living in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, to determine barriers associated with HBV vaccination uptake after removing the financial barrier by providing free coupons for HBV vaccination. Methods: After being screened for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc, 284 HBV-naïve study participants aged 18 and over (i.e., negative for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc total) were provided free 3-dose HBV vaccine coupons. Next, study participants' receipt of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses of HBV vaccine was documented at a pre-specified study healthcare facility, where HBV vaccines were distributed at no cost to the participants. Upon study entry, participants answered questionnaires on sociodemographics, knowledge of HBV and HBV vaccination, and related social and behavioral factors. The proportions of three doses of HBV vaccine uptake and their confidence intervals were analyzed. Associations of HBV vaccine initiation with exposures at study entry were evaluated using modified Poisson regression. Results: 98.9% (281 of 284) of study participants had complete data and were included in the analysis. The proportion of participants obtaining the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses of HBV vaccine was 11.7% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 8.0-15.5%), 10.7% (95%CI 7.1–14.3%), and 8.9% (95%CI 5.6–12.2%), respectively. On the other hand, participants were more likely to initiate the 1st dose if they had adequate knowledge of transmission (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 2.58, 95% CI 1.12–5.92), adequate knowledge of severity (aRR = 6.75, 95%CI 3.38–13.48), and annual health-checking seeking behavior (aRR = 2.04, 95%CI 1.07–3.87). Conclusion: We documented a low HBV vaccination uptake despite incentivization. However, increased vaccine initiation was associated with better HBV knowledge and annual health check-up adherence. When considering expanding HBV vaccination to the general adult population, we should appreciate that HBV knowledge is an independent predictor of vaccine uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the fact that many water reservoirs built in headwater catchments receive no water input during dry season, we modified the Craig‐Gordon model and proposed an approach to calculate kinetic fractionation factors in open‐water evaporation taking into account isotopic compositions of precipitation and of lake water, lake volume, and land‐based meteorological data. The approach is centered around the determination of lake water isotope enrichment rate over time during dry periods. We then applied this approach for calculating kinetic fractionation factors, turbulence index, and open‐water evaporation for a small reservoir located in a sub‐tropical monsoonal climate. We found that the kinetic fractionation factors, εK,H and εK,O are, respectively 3.11‰ ± 0.41‰ and 2.50‰ ± 2.15‰, corresponding to the turbulence index of 0.43 ± 0.19. Evaporation rates in open‐water estimated by our approach is 1.55 times of the land‐based evaporation gauged in the nearby meteorological station. Wind speed, represented by turbulence index, is proved as an important climatic factor influencing kinetic fractionation. This study confirms that wind and surface area factors, which have been neglected in several isotope mass balance models, should be included into calculation process. Plain Language Summary: Isotopes are forms of the same element that differ in atomic mass. Water molecules (H2O) have lighter isotopes of H (1H, 16O) and heavier isotopes (2H, 18O). The evaporation of water favors the evaporation of the lighter isotope molecules over heavier isotope, via a process called fractionation. Well defined fractionation factors help determine precisely the degree of water loss that can be expected in an open water system due to evaporation. Such an accurate determination of seasonal evaporation loss would in turn help water managers better understand water resource management, especially in a drought prone area. Today, climate change has increased the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Many people in the world now live under water stress conditions. Therefore, a precise determination of evaporation loss in open‐water bodies is necessary to increase population resilience to climate change. This study proposes a straight forward approach to determine kinetic fractionation factors (the others are equilibrium fractionation factors) in a desiccating lake during the dry season and apply them to a sub‐tropical reservoir in Viet Nam. The kinetic fractionation factors are found to be highly dependent on wind speed variability while evaporation loss is more dependent on temperature and humidity. Key Points: A modified Craig‐Gordon model was developed to calculate the kinetic fractionation factor of water isotopic compositions in upland reservoirKinetic fractionation is significantly influenced by wind condition for an upland reservoir in sub‐tropical monsoon climateOpen‐water evaporation rate is re‐evaluated as 1.55 times of the land‐based monitoring data [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously affected the global economy. Simultaneously, it has brought about an era of widespread development of online activities, which is the engine of the digital economic race around the world. This requires nations to promptly introduce appropriate policies to both stimulate economic recovery and accommodate the ongoing economic structural transformation. South Korea is no exception as this country has introduced a policy of "living with the pandemic" to overcome economic consequences of the pandemic, with a series of economic stimulus and social security packages. One of them is the "Korean New Deal", which is a prompt response by The Government of South Korea's with a long-term vision and strategy in the context of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article focuses on researching the results of the Korean New Deal to draw lessons for Vietnam in the post-pandemic period of digital economic and digital society development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japan is not a direct party to the South China Sea disputes, but it holds strategic interests in the region. Given China's increasing assertiveness in the South China Sea, the Japanese government has bolstered its policy of engagement in this maritime area in recent years. To implement this policy, Japan has collaborated with allies and partners in the region on diplomatic and legal fronts, increased its military presence in the South China Sea, and provided legal capacity-building support to coastal nations in Southeast Asia. Through policy analysis, historical context, logical reasoning and statistical methods, this research aims to elucidate Japan's involvement in the South China Sea issue from 2016 to 2023 and assess its impact on the regional situation. Additionally, the study raises certain issues for Vietnam, such as enhancing scientific-technological cooperation with Japan, maintaining a neutral policy stance, and achieving technological self-reliance in the production of essential military equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinema in South Vietnam, managed by the Sai Gon government from 1955 to 1975, primarily operated based on market mechanism and was dominated by the local commercial bourgeoisie. Throughout its existence, the government of the Republic of Vietnam (1955-1975) continuously controlled the film industry by various measures and policies. The article aims to interpret the history of cinema in South Vietnam (1955-1975) from an institutional perspective, focusing on the role of policymakers and managers in the region's film industry. By accessing a range of archival materials and analyzing notable films relevant to the topic, the article highlights the intentions and political stances of the Republic of Vietnam (1955-1975) through its cinema policies, as well as the actual outcomes or impacts of these policies on the development of cinema in South Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Under the tendency of the marketisation of tertiary education, universities/colleges and governments across the world have increasingly regarded international education as an education services export sector. Vietnam has always been regarded as a country of importing rather than exporting international education. Nevertheless, more and more evidence shows that Vietnamese tertiary education institutions are increasingly successful in recruiting international students. To gain further insight into international students in Vietnam, we conducted a survey with 49 tertiary education institutions in Vietnam. Our findings reveal that while most full-time international students in Vietnam are intra-regional (i.e., coming from Asian countries), short-time international students are both intra-regional and extra-regional. Using a Bayesian analysis as a method, we found that, first, the main concerns of international students in Vietnam do not revolve around academic-related factors; and second, the success of Vietnamese tertiary education institutions in attracting international students was mainly associated with operation-related factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of covid-19 has called for an urgent need to further understand the relationship between students' motivated behavior and their engagement. This study aimed to investigate the links between adaptive cognition and adaptive behavior and the engagement of college and university students during and after the covid-19 pandemic. The recent study was framed within several relevant theories, namely the self-determination theory, the need achievement theory, and the job demand-resource theoretical model. Structural equation modeling with JASP software version 0.14.1 was employed as a robust method to investigate complex relationships in the proposed research model. Data were collected through an online survey using a structured questionnaire. Respondents comprised 263 students registered at two higher education institutions in Viet Nam. Analysis results yielded the positive and significant influence of adaptive cognition (1 = 0.224) and adaptive behavior (1 = 0.489) on student engagement. Furthermore, anxiety predicted student engagement in our theoretical model, and the relationship was positive (1 = 0.132). We also found a strongly influential relationship between adaptive cognition and adaptive behavior (1 = 0.783). These findings proposed a critical implication: to promote student engagement in the context of post-covid, management bodies and leaders in higher education institutions should adopt a comprehensive approach in which the provision of psychological conditions is an integral part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) represents a devastating life-event with an exorbitant price tag, partly due to lost income from daily directly observed therapy in public sector care. Thus, persons with TB may seek care in the private sector for its flexibility, convenience, and privacy. Our study aimed to measure income changes, costs and catastrophic cost incurrence among TB-affected households in the public and private sector. Methods: Between October 2020 and March 2022, we conducted 110 longitudinal patient cost interviews, among 50 patients privately treated for TB and 60 TB patients treated by the National TB Program (NTP) in Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Using a local adaptation of the WHO TB patient cost survey tool, participants were interviewed during the intensive phase, continuation phase and post-treatment. We compared income levels, direct and indirect treatment costs, catastrophic costs using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests and associated risk factors between the two cohorts using multivariate regression. Results: The pre-treatment median monthly household income was significantly higher in the private sector versus NTP cohort (USD 868 vs USD 578; P = 0.010). However, private sector treatment was also significantly costlier (USD 2075 vs USD 1313; P = 0.005), driven by direct medical costs which were 4.6 times higher than costs reported by NTP participants (USD 754 vs USD 164; P < 0.001). This resulted in no significant difference in catastrophic costs between the two cohorts (Private: 55% vs NTP: 52%; P = 0.675). Factors associated with catastrophic cost included being a single-person household [adjusted odds ratio (aOR = 13.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–138.14; P = 0.026], unemployment during treatment (aOR = 10.86; 95% CI: 2.64–44.60; P < 0.001) and experiencing TB-related stigma (aOR = 37.90; 95% CI: 1.72–831.73; P = 0.021). Conclusions: Persons with TB in Viet Nam face similarly high risk of catastrophic costs whether treated in the public or private sector. Patient costs could be reduced through expanded insurance reimbursement to minimize direct medical costs in the private sector, use of remote monitoring and multi-week/month dosing strategies to avert economic costs in the public sector and greater access to social protection mechanism in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to measure and explain the business activities of small and micro enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. The paper is approached based on management practice perspectives in enterprises to test the hypothesis about the relationship between business practices and the outcome of SMEs, simultaneously determining the factors affecting the business practice level of owners/managers of the SMEs. The data were collected from two different sources: (i) face-to-face interviews with 168 owners/managers about their application of business practices, and (ii) business outcomes of the firms collected from corporate income tax reports provided by tax authorities. The results show mean business practice scores of the firms of 15,87 (out of 26), which has a positive correlation with the profit of the firms. Furthermore, it shows that business practice scores depend on the competitive level, education of managers, and type of business. This paper also highlights the importance of the competitive effect, human capital, and types of business on business practices. Finally, implications and ideas for future research are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Unsustainable snaring is causing biodiversity declines across tropical protected areas, resulting in species extinctions and jeopardizing the health of forest ecosystems. Here, we used 11 years of ranger‐collected data to assess the impact of intensive snare removal on snaring levels in two protected areas in Viet Nam. Snare removal resulted in significant declines in snare occupancy (36.9, 95% Bayesian credible interval [4.6, 59.0] reduction in percent area occupied), but snaring levels nonetheless remained high (31.4, [23.6, 40.8] percent area occupied), and came with a substantial financial cost. Our results indicate that snare removal remains an important component of efforts to protect tropical protected areas but by itself is likely insufficient to address this threat. To stop snaring in protected areas, a multifaceted approach will be necessary that combines short‐term reactive snare removal with long‐term proactive programs that address the underlying drivers behind snaring.

Abstract Introduction In Viet Nam, key populations (KPs) face barriers accessing HIV services. Virtual platforms can be leveraged to increase access for KPs, including for HIV self‐testing (HIVST). This study compares reach and effectiveness of a web‐based HIVST intervention from pilot to scale‐up in Viet Nam. Methods A mixed‐methods explanatory sequential design used cross‐sectional and thematic analysis. The pilot launched in Can Tho in November 2020, followed by Hanoi and Nghe An in April 2021. Scale‐up included Can Tho and Nghe An, with 21 novel provinces from April to December 2022. After risk assessment, participants registered on the website, receiving HIVST (OraQuick®) by courier, peer educator or self‐pick‐up. Test result reporting and completing satisfaction surveys were encouraged. Intervention reach was measured through numbers accessing the testing, disaggregated by demographics, and proportion of individuals reporting self‐testing post‐registration. Effectiveness was measured through numbers reporting self‐test results, testing positive and linking to care, and testing negative and using HIVST to manage pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. Thematic content analysis of free‐text responses from the satisfaction survey synthesized quantitative outcomes. Results In total, 17,589 participants registered on the HIVST website; 11,332 individuals ordered 13,334 tests. Participants were generally young, aged

Food safety has emerged as a paramount concern for both Vietnamese consumers and the government. However, limited data are available on food safety management systems in Viet Nam. This study identified significant gaps in good agricultural and hygienic practices along the fresh produce chain (farmers and traditional wholesalers/market sellers) in the region of Da Nang, Viet Nam. This was achieved through a survey on good agricultural and hygienic practices for farmers (n = 100) and sellers (n = 100), which researchers further supplemented by microbiological analysis for E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes on leafy greens, water in contact with produce and contact surfaces (hands). The results indicated that 86.0 % of farmers and 54.0 % of sellers received food safety training in the last 3 years; and women dominated both vegetable cultivation but also trading. Farm-level deficiencies included inadequate handwashing practices, lack of documentation for manure application schedules, improper washing and drying of harvest tools, failure to keep containers elevated off the ground, improper storage of vegetables, and inadequate covering of containers, with respectively 34.0 %, 30.3 %, 12.1 %, 41.7 % and 7.9 % of farmers executing the practice as prescribed by the WHO/FAO ‘5 keys of growing safer fruits and vegetables’. As for sellers, the most dominant gaps (

BackgroundA baseline of hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden and other HCV epidemiological profiles is necessary for HCV micro-elimination in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam. This study aimed to determine HCV exposure and prevalence of HCV viremia as well as the proportion of HCV testing and treatment uptake among participants.MethodsFrom 2019 to 2020, the probability proportionate to size sampling method was deployed to representatively invite approximately 20,000 adults (18 or older) throughout HCMC to free screening and linkage to care for HCV.FindingsIn HCMC, the weighted prevalence of anti-HCV was 1·3% (95% CI, 1·1%-1·6%). Individuals born from 1945 to 1964 had the anti-HCV prevalence of 3·6% (95% CI, 3·0%-4·2%) and represented 40·4% of all HCV cases. There were wide variations in anti-HCV prevalence in HCMC, including variations between districts, risk factors, and socioeconomic statuses. A baseline HCV continuum of care for the city demonstrated that only 28·5% (85/298, 95%CI 23·4-33·7%) of persons with anti-HCV (+) were aware of their HCV status, with 77.6% (66/85, 95%CI 68·8-86·5%) diagnosing HCV incidentally, 82·7% (62/75, 95%CI 74·1-91·2%) initiating anti-HCV therapy, and 53.6% (30/56, 95%CI 40·5-66·6%) achieving HCV cures.InterpretationThere remains a considerable disease burden of HCV in HCMC of which a significant proportion was in the age group born between 1945 to 1964. Additionally, there were significant gaps in HCV awareness, screening, and access to care in the community in Viet Nam. Thus, future interventions must have pragmatic targets, be tailored to the local needs, and emphasise screening.FundingThis work was supported by investigator-sponsored research grants from Gilead Sciences Inc. (Grant No: IN-US-987-5382); Roche Diagnostic International Ltd. (Grant No. SUB-000196); and in-kind donations from Abbott Diagnostic Viet Nam; Hepatitis B Foundation; Medic Medical Center, Viet Nam; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine's Center of Excellence for Liver Disease in Viet Nam; and the Board of Directors, Viet Nam Viral Hepatitis Alliance (V-VHA).

Nhiều nghiên cứu trước đây đã chứng minh các yếu tố khác nhau tác động tới di cư trong nước. Mặc dù vậy, các nghiên cứu về tác động của cải cách hành chính công tới di cư trong nước ở các nước đang phát triển còn hạn chế. Nghiên cứu này đánh giá tác động của cải cách hành chính công ở các địa phương đến di cư trong nước ở Việt Nam bằng mô hình trọng lực với phương pháp hồi quy hai phần. Sử dụng dữ liệu cấp tỉnh về di cư trong nước dạng đầu cuối giai đoạn 2014 - 2019 cùng với các dữ liệu về điều kiện kinh tế - xã hội và cải cách hành chính ở các địa phương, tạo thành một bộ dữ liệu chéo với 3,906 quan sát, kết quả phân tích định lượng cho thấy cải cách hành chính công là yếu tố quan trọng tác động đến di cư trong nước. Cải cách hành chính ở các địa phương trong việc thực thi pháp luật, xây dựng đội ngũ cán bộ, đổi mới cơ chế làm việc khiến cho người dân sẵn sàng ở lại nơi họ đang sinh sống. Nghiên cứu cũng cung cấp một bức tranh tổng quan về tác động của các yếu tố xã hội khác tới di cư trong nước. Trên cơ sở đó, nghiên cứu đề xuất một số chính sách liên quan tới việc quản lý di cư trong nước.

Abstract Background Globally, most people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and their households experience catastrophic costs of illness, diagnosis, and care. However, the factors associated with experiencing catastrophic costs are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with catastrophic costs incurrence among MDR-TB-affected households in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam. Methods Between October 2020 and April 2022, data were collected using a locally-adapted, longitudinal WHO TB Patient Cost Survey in ten districts of HCMC. Ninety-four people with MDR-TB being treated with a nine-month TB regimen were surveyed at three time points: after two weeks of treatment initiation, completion of the intensive phase and the end of the treatment (approximately five and 10 months post-treatment initiation respectively). The catastrophic costs threshold was defined as total TB-related costs exceeding 20% of annual pre-TB household income. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with experiencing catastrophic costs. A sensitivity analysis examined the prevalence of catastrophic costs using alternative thresholds and cost estimation approaches. Results Most participants (81/93 [87%]) experienced catastrophic costs despite the majority 86/93 (93%) receiving economic support through existing social protection schemes. Among participant households experiencing and not experiencing catastrophic costs, median household income was similar before MDR-TB treatment. However, by the end of MDR-TB treatment, median household income was lower (258 [IQR: 0–516] USD vs. 656 [IQR: 462–989] USD; p = 0.003), and median income loss was higher (2838 [IQR: 1548–5418] USD vs. 301 [IQR: 0–824] USD; p

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting the development of the night economy in Da Nang city, Vietnam on the basis of a survey of 346 domestic tourists choosing this as a tourist destination and participate in night activities and services. The author has synthesized the relevant background theory as well as previous outstanding studies on the issue of tourism development and night economy. SPSS 20 software was used to test the relationship between factors affecting the development of the night economy based on the viewpoints of tourists, residents and local authorities. The results of the study show that 05 factors affect the development of the night economy in Da Nang city in order: The development of a variety of services; Legal and safety regulations; cultural experience opportunities; infrastructure and traffic; service prices. The remaining two factors did not find any influence on the development of the night economy: tourism natural resources; promote and share. The study once again confirms the relationship between the factors affecting the development of the night economy and is a document to help researchers understand better in the research context in Vietnam, one of the leading countries in the world. developing countries and are limited in developing the night economy after the Covid-19 pandemic.

Viet Nam has deeply experienced internal migration during its development history, typically movements from rural to urban and across regions since the launch of economic reform policy in 1986. This article adopts the cost-minimization approach to calculate the push and pull forces of the internal migrations across geographic distances of provinces and then explains those forces along with socio-economic factors within 63 provinces and cities in Viet Nam based on the census data during the period 2010-2019. The empirical findings from the solution to cost-migration equations between the number of migrants and the inverse distance across 63 provinces reported that the push and pull forces are quite heteroskedastic, mostly due to differences in geographic, social, and economic development. Not surprisingly, the Mekong River Delta (MRD) is still the most repulsive region for migrants, accounting for 30% of the total number migrants of the country and notable 98% of migrants who moved to the Southeastern (SE) region as the most attractive destination. It is obviously proven that the push and pull forces of migrations in a province correlate strongly and significantly with economic factors including relative incomes and poverty rate rather than human factors such as urbanization, population, and labor forces. Finally, discussions about policy implications of equitable investments across regions in Viet Nam are really necessary and could be a potential for creating job opportunities and improving standards of livelihoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, most people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and their households experience catastrophic costs of illness, diagnosis, and care. However, the factors associated with experiencing catastrophic costs are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with catastrophic costs incurrence among MDR-TB-affected households in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam. Methods: Between October 2020 and April 2022, data were collected using a locally-adapted, longitudinal WHO TB Patient Cost Survey in ten districts of HCMC. Ninety-four people with MDR-TB being treated with a nine-month TB regimen were surveyed at three time points: after two weeks of treatment initiation, completion of the intensive phase and the end of the treatment (approximately five and 10 months post-treatment initiation respectively). The catastrophic costs threshold was defined as total TB-related costs exceeding 20% of annual pre-TB household income. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with experiencing catastrophic costs. A sensitivity analysis examined the prevalence of catastrophic costs using alternative thresholds and cost estimation approaches. Results: Most participants (81/93 [87%]) experienced catastrophic costs despite the majority 86/93 (93%) receiving economic support through existing social protection schemes. Among participant households experiencing and not experiencing catastrophic costs, median household income was similar before MDR-TB treatment. However, by the end of MDR-TB treatment, median household income was lower (258 [IQR: 0–516] USD vs. 656 [IQR: 462–989] USD; p = 0.003), and median income loss was higher (2838 [IQR: 1548–5418] USD vs. 301 [IQR: 0–824] USD; p < 0.001) amongst the participant households who experienced catastrophic costs. Being the household's primary income earner before MDR-TB treatment (aOR = 11.2 [95% CI: 1.6–80.5]), having a lower educational level (aOR = 22.3 [95% CI: 1.5–344.1]) and becoming unemployed at the beginning of MDR-TB treatment (aOR = 35.6 [95% CI: 2.7–470.3]) were associated with experiencing catastrophic costs. Conclusion: Despite good social protection coverage, most people with MDR-TB in HCMC experienced catastrophic costs. Incurrence of catastrophic costs was independently associated with being the household's primary income earner or being unemployed. Revision and expansion of strategies to mitigate TB-related catastrophic costs, in particular avoiding unemployment and income loss, are urgently required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Based on the fact that many water reservoirs built in headwater catchments receive no water input during dry season, we modified the Craig‐Gordon model and proposed an approach to calculate kinetic fractionation factors in open‐water evaporation taking into account isotopic compositions of precipitation and of lake water, lake volume, and land‐based meteorological data. The approach is centered around the determination of lake water isotope enrichment rate over time during dry periods. We then applied this approach for calculating kinetic fractionation factors, turbulence index, and open‐water evaporation for a small reservoir located in a sub‐tropical monsoonal climate. We found that the kinetic fractionation factors, εK,H and εK,O are, respectively 3.11‰ ± 0.41‰ and 2.50‰ ± 2.15‰, corresponding to the turbulence index of 0.43 ± 0.19. Evaporation rates in open‐water estimated by our approach is 1.55 times of the land‐based evaporation gauged in the nearby meteorological station. Wind speed, represented by turbulence index, is proved as an important climatic factor influencing kinetic fractionation. This study confirms that wind and surface area factors, which have been neglected in several isotope mass balance models, should be included into calculation process.

Bài viết này phân tích nguy cơ phá sản ngân hàng bằng mô hình hồi quy logit thứ bậc với biến phụ thuộc là nguy cơ phá sản ngân hàng, được đo lường dựa trên hệ thống xếp hạng CAMELS của 22 Ngân Hàng Thương Mại (NHTM) Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 2006 - 2020. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến nguy cơ phá sản NHTM Việt Nam bao gồm tỷ lệ thu nhập phi lãi, tỷ lệ chi phí Dự Phòng Rủi Ro (DPRR) tín dụng, tỷ lệ chi phí lương và trợ cấp, tỷ lệ dư nợ cho vay, tốc độ tăng trưởng tín dụng, năng lực cạnh tranh và sở hữu nhà nước. Trong đó, tỷ lệ thu nhập phi lãi, tốc độ tăng trưởng tín dụng và năng lực cạnh tranh là các biến có tác động nghịch chiều đến nguy cơ phá sản ngân hàng. Ngược lại, tỷ lệ chi phí DPRR tín dụng, tỷ lệ chi phí lương và trợ cấp, tỷ lệ dư nợ cho vay và sở hữu nhà nước lại có tác động cùng chiều đến nguy cơ phá sản ngân hàng.

Nghiên cứu này đánh giá tác động của chuyển đổi số đến rủi ro của các ngân hàng thương mại Việt Nam giai đoạn 2010-2021. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, chuyển đổi số không làm giảm rủi ro tín dụng của ngân hàng mà ngược lại. Rủi ro tín dụng gia tăng chủ yếu do sự tăng lên của quy mô cho vay nhờ ảnh hưởng tích cực từ chuyển đổi số. Kết luận này không đổi khi sử dụng các đo lường chuyển đổi số khác nhau và xem xét đến vấn đề nội sinh của mô hình. Kết quả nghiên cứu cung cấp thêm bằng chứng thực nghiệm về tác động của chuyển đổi số đến hoạt động của ngân hàng, làm cơ sở để các ngân hàng thương mại đẩy mạnh thực hiện chuyển đổi số. Bên cạnh đó, Nhà nước và các nhà hoạch định chính sách cũng có các biện pháp phù hợp thúc đẩy chuyển đổi số trong hệ thống ngân hàng Việt Nam.

Bài viết sử dụng nguồn dữ liệu thứ cấp phân tích thực trạng chuyển đổi số trong phát triển dịch vụ logistics cảng biển ở thành phố Đà Nẵng giai đoạn 2018 – 2022. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, dịch vụ logistics cảng biển ở thành phố Đà Nẵng có sự chuyển đổi số mạnh mẽ trong quá trình hoạt động, nhất là giai đoạn 2021 – 2022. Trong đó, nổi bật là công tác đầu tư hệ thống quản lý tích hợp theo tiêu chuẩn ISO 9001:2008, hệ thống phần mềm quản lý và điều hành cảng CATOS, GTOS, Cảng điện tử Eport, chương trình quản lý nhân sự, văn phòng điện tử BIN được duy trì hiệu quả. Nghiên cứu cũng chỉ ra một vài rủi ro và hạn chế tồn đọng trong quá trình chuyển đổi số của các chủ thể tham gia dịch vụ logistics cảng biển Đà Nẵng. Từ đó, đề xuất một số giải pháp chủ yếu phát triển dịch vụ logistics cảng biển ở thành phố Đà Nẵng trong bối cảnh chuyển đổi số toàn cầu.

Thanh niên là nhóm xã hội đặc biệt giữ vai trò ngày càng trở nên quan trọng với sự phát triển của xã hội. Nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu nghiên cứu, tìm hiểu quá trình kiến tạo bản sắc thanh niên đối với bối cảnh xã hội chuyển đổi số, bài viết đã dựa trên cơ sở phân tích các khảo sát tình hình thanh niên giai đoạn 1996-2021, bài viết không chỉ đưa ra hệ giá trị do thanh niên Việt Nam hiện nay kiến tạo là tính năng động, nhạy bén, thân thiện, trọng đạo lý, tinh thần trách nhiệm, yêu nước, nhân ái, trọng thể diện, tính bảo thủ, sùng ngoại, thực dụng và bè phái, mà còn cho rằng các thiết chế xã hội cần tạo điều kiện để xây dựng thành công các sản phẩm văn hóa trên tất cả các lĩnh vực chịu ảnh hưởng bởi chuyển đổi số, sử dụng hệ thống nền tảng giao thức kĩ thuật số kết hợp các hình thức chuyển tải thông tin truyền thống của Việt Nam để phát huy hiệu quả những giá trị tích cực và hạn chế những phi giá trị phái sinh.