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High-throughput (HT) chemical synthesis facilitates accelerated materials discovery products. However, HT methods are limited by the need for expensive robotic systems, complicated methodology, and low yield. Hence, we developed a hyper-heuristic combinatorial flow synthesis (HCFS) device capable of composition gradient generation and production of an adequate mass of Fe–Co–Ni alloy nanoparticles. A library of 91 Fe–Co–Ni powder compositions was synthesized using this technique. A high-throughput spark plasma sintering (HT-SPS) methodology, along with the die design, was developed for combinatorial screening of multiple properties. 56 compositions were down-selected and consolidated into compositionally graded bulk samples using HT-SPS and subsequent annealing. The crystallographic, magnetic, electrical, and magnetic properties of the bulk library were assessed. The saturation magnetization (Ms) varied from 83.3 emu/g to 225.2 emu/g, coercivity (Hc) from 17.5 Oe to 78.4 Oe, resistivity (ρ) from 17.2 μΩ·cm to 986.7 μΩ·cm, and Vickers hardness (HV) from 41.9 HV to 281.7 HV. Novel Fe–Co–Ni compositions, e.g., Fe36.5Co55.1Ni8.4 and Fe22.6Co73.4Ni4, with a promising multi-property set, were identified for the first time. This study demonstrated that promising new compositions exhibiting multi-property optimization can be successfully discovered by our hyper-heuristic combinatorial chemical synthesis methodology.

Background: There is an established well reported link of intussusception with the use of rotavirus vaccines. Little is known about the newly introduced rotasiil vaccine causing intussusception. So, this study has been undertaken to study the epidemiology of intussusception and its potential risk among children vaccinated with Rotasiil vaccine. Methodology: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 2 years among children

Efficient thermal management is an urgent unmet need for a plethora of energy-generating and consuming devices and systems. An improved cooling of high-power light-emitting diodes (LED) used in modern lighting will enhance energy savings, lifetime, and maintain high luminosity for a longer time. However, current passive techs are unable to address this challenge. We have performed detailed experimental and simulation investigations to address this challenge, resulting in the magnetic nanofluid cooling (MNFC) device providing the highest passive cooling of a high-power LED. For a versatile MNFC device suitable for cooling in a broad range of heat flux and temperatures of a heat load, the role of hydrodynamic and magnetic properties on the MNFC device performance was quantified. Several types of ferrofluid coolants with a range of viscosity and magnetic property values were studied. The MNFC device performance was compared with other passive devices by normalized cooling to applied heat flux and found that our device provided the highest reported temperature drop of 197 °C and the most efficient normalized cooling of 29 °C⋅kW−1⋅m2. The simulation model was modified significantly and included practical device parameters of temperature-dependent viscosity and electrical heating of the heat load, obtaining an excellent quantitative agreement with experiments obtaining dominant parameters for superior MNFC and relevant nondimensional numbers. We developed a material selection map by combining experimental and simulation findings, which were utilized to develop an efficient MNFC device demonstrating an excellent passive cooling of a high-power LED by ≈100 °C. The developed device and green, passive cooling methodology are useful to enhance the efficiency and lifetime, ensuring continuous high performance of a target device by removing generated waste heat.

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection in pregnant women can have important effects on the perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Multiple modes of transmission of infection from mother to the newborn have been suggested as also the increased risk of complications in COVID-19 infected neonates. Aim: To study the clinico-epidemiological characteristics and short-term outcomes of neonates born to mothers infected with COVID-19 in relation to maternal COVID-19 severity and co-morbidities and to compare the same between COVID-19 infected and non infected neonates. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 174 neonates born to COVID-19 positive mothers admitted and delivered from 1st August 2020 to 31st October 2020, at Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences (BIMS), North Karnataka, India. Data was collected from medical records about the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the mothers and their neonates, symptoms and severity of COVID-19 and their management and short-term outcomes. Pearson’s Chi-square or Fisher’s-exact test was used for statistical analysis. The p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 174, 18 (10.35%) neonates tested positive for COVID-19 by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The rates of pre-maturity and low birth weight amongst all 174 neonates were 17.24% and 24.14%, respectively. There were no significant differences in demographic features, in the need for resuscitation and incidence of complications like prematurity, low birth weight, birth asphyxia, meconium aspiration syndrome, sepsis between COVID-19 infected and non infected neonates. However, an increased risk of Early Onset Sepsis (EOS) (OR– 2.21) in COVID-19 infected neonates. None of the COVID- 19 infected neonates required Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) or mechanical ventilation and all were discharged subsequently. In this study there were 3(1.72%) deaths, all among COVID-19 non infected, neonates. Conclusion: The incidence of COVID-19 infection in neonates born to COVID-19 infected mothers in this study was 10.35%. Most of the infections in neonates were of less severity without a significantly increased need for respiratory support and without significant mortality.

Introduction: Late-onset Sepsis (LOS) causes significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Probiotics have been suggested to improve the integrity of mucosal barrier by modifying the enteric microflora and suppress the overgrowth and translocation of pathogens in the gut, thus preventing life- threatening infections. Although probiotics have a definite role in prevention of Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm neonates, their effect on prevention of LOS in preterm neonates is still uncertain. Aim: To evaluate the role of probiotics in reducing incidence of LOS in preterm neonates (0.05)) and duration of hospital stay (10.86±3.19 vs 11.23±2.98 days; (p>0.05)). However, incidence of feed intolerance in the probiotic group (11.11%) was significantly less than that the other (26%) (p

Appropriate water management practices are essential for the successful cultivation of chia in water-scarce situations of semiarid regions. This is highly essential when new crops such as chia are introduced for ensuring diversity and water saving. Therefore, field trials (2020–21 and 2021–22) were conducted to understand the impact of deficit irrigation and bioregulators (BRs) on the seed yield, water productivity, and oil quality of chia. The effect of foliar application of BRs such as thiourea (TU; 400 ppm), salicylic acid (SA; 1.0 mM), potassium nitrate (KN; 0.15%), potassium silicate (KS; 100 ppm), kaolin (KO; 5%), and sodium benzoate (SB; 200 ppm) were monitored at different levels of irrigation: 100 (I100), 75 (I75), 50 (I50), and 25 (I25) percent of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE). Deficit irrigation at I25, I50, and I75 led to 55.3, 20.1, and 3.3% reductions in seed yield; 42.5, 22.5, and 4.2% in oil yield; and 58.9, 24.5, and 5.7% in omega–3 yield, respectively, relative to I100. Bioregulators could reduce the adverse impact of water deficit stress on seed, oil, and omega–3 yield. However, their beneficial effect was more conspicuous under mild water stress (I75), as revealed by higher seed yield (4.3–6.9%), oil yield (4.4–7.1%), and omega–3 yield (4.7–8.5%) over control (I100 + no BRs). Further, BRs (KN, TU, and SA) maintained oil quality in terms of linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents, even under mild stress (I75). Foliar application of KN, TU, and SA could save water to an extent of 36–40%. Therefore, the adverse impact of deficit irrigation on seed, oil, and omega–3 yields of chia could be minimized using BRs such as KN, TU, and SA, which can also contribute to improved water productivity.

Aim: The study was undertaken to find out the physicochemical characteristics, selected processing-related parameters and activity of selected enzymes in Surti goat milk. Materials and Methods: Milk samples from Surti goats and buffalo milk samples were collected during the period from July 2013 to January 2014 at Reproductive Biology Research Unit, Anand Agricultural University (AAU), Anand. Milk samples from Kankrej cows were collected from Livestock Research Station, AAU, Anand. Samples were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics such as acidity, viscosity, surface tension, specific gravity, refractive index, freezing point, and electrical conductivity. Samples were also analyzed for selected processing-related parameters such as heat coagulation time (HCT), rennet coagulation time (RCT), rate of acid production by starter culture, alcohol stability, and activity of selected enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase activity, catalase activity, proteolytic activity, and lipase activity. Results: Goat milk had the highest acidity, viscosity and surface tension, followed by cow milk and buffalo milk. However, the differences in acidity, specific gravity, surface tension, refractive index, electrical conductivity, HCT and lipase activity of three types of milk studied, viz., goat, cow, and buffalo milk were found statistically non-significant (p0.05) than that of the buffalo milk. However, the difference in viscosity, freezing point and RCT of goat milk and that of the cow milk was statistically non-significant. The cow milk had the highest refractive index, followed by goat and buffalo milk. The cow milk had the highest proteolytic activity and heat coagulation time (HCT), followed by those found in buffalo and goat milk. The goat milk had the lowest freezing point, lipase activity, and RCT, followed by those found in cow and buffalo milk. The goat milk had the highest electrical conductivity, followed by those found in buffalo and cow milk. The collected goat, cow and buffalo milk samples showed negative stability at 68% (v/v) alcohol concentration. Goat milk showed positive alcohol test at 75% (v/v) alcohol concentration. Acidity was found to increase proportionally with time. After 14 h, it was found that goat milk became thicker, but the curd had a very low consistency. Cow milk had the highest alkaline phosphatase activity and catalase activity followed by those found in goat milk and lowest alkaline phosphatase activity and catalase activity was found in buffalo milk. The alkaline phosphatase activity and proteolytic activity of goat milk was significantly lower (p>0.05) than that of the cow milk. However, the difference in alkaline phosphatase activity and proteolytic activity of goat milk and that of the buffalo milk was statistically non-significant. Alkaline phosphatase activity of buffalo milk was significantly lower (p>0.05) than that of the alkaline phosphatase activity in cow milk. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that the goat milk has highest acidity, viscosity, electrical conductivity, and surface tension compared to that of cow and buffalo milk. The goat milk has lowest specific gravity, freezing point, proteolytic activity, lipase activity, RCT and HCT compared to cow and buffalo milk. Goat milk had highest refractive index compared to buffalo milk, whereas lowest refractive index compared to cow milk. Goat milk showed positive alcohol test at 75% (v/v) alcohol concentration. The curd formed from goat milk after 14 h was having very weak consistency. The goat milk has higher alkaline phosphatase activity, catalase activity compared to buffalo milk while it has lower alkaline phosphatase activity, catalase activity compared to cow milk.

Aim: The study was undertaken to find out the gross composition, nitrogen distribution, and selected mineral content in Surti goat milk, and its comparison was made between cow and buffalo milk. Materials and Methods: Goat milk samples of Surti breed and buffalo milk samples were collected during the period from July to January 2014 at Reproductive Biology Research Unit, Anand Agricultural University (AAU), Anand. Cow milk samples of Kankrej breed were collected from Livestock Research Station, AAU, Anand. Samples were analyzed for gross composition such as total solids (TS), fat, solid not fat (SNF), protein, lactose, and ash. Samples were also analyzed for nitrogen distribution such as total nitrogen (TN), non-casein nitrogen (NCN), non-protein nitrogen (NPN), and selected minerals content such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, and chloride. Total five replications were carried out. Results: Goat milk had the lowest TS, fat, protein, and lactose content among all three types of milk studied in the presentinvestigation. On the other hand, the highest TS, fat, protein, and lactose content were found in buffalo milk. Buffalo milk had the highest SNF, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous content, which was followed by goat milk and lowest in cow milk. The SNF, protein, TN, and calcium content of goat milk were statistically non-significant (p0.05) than that of the cow milk as well as buffalo milk. The goat milk had the highest ash and NCN content, which were followed by buffalo milk and lowest in cow milk. However,the differences in ash, NPN, and phosphorous content of three types of milk studied, viz., goat milk, cow milk, and buffalo milk were found statistically non-significant (p0.05) than that of the cow milk. The magnesium content of goat milk was statistically non-significant (p0.05) than that of the buffalo milk as well as cow milk. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that the goat milk has lower TS, fat, lactose, protein content, TN aswell as NPN but higher ash and NCN content compared to cow milk and buffalo milk. The goat milk has lower calcium, phosphorous compared to buffalo milk while it has higher calcium, phosphorous compared to cow milk, and it has higher magnesium, chloride content compared to cow milk and buffalo milk.

An N-methylated analog of a marine bacteria-derived natural proline-rich tetracyclopeptide was synthesized by coupling the deprotected dipeptide fragments Boc-l-prolyl-l-N-methylleucine-OH and l-prolyl-l-N-methylphenylalanine-OMe. A coupling reaction was accomplished utilizing N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodidimde (DCC) and 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC·HCl) as coupling agents and Triethylamine (TEA) or N-methylmorpholine (NMM) as the base in the presence of the racemization suppressing agent. This was followed by the cyclization of the linear tetrapeptide fragment under alkaline conditions. The structure of the synthesized cyclooligopeptide was confirmed using quantitative elemental analysis, FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), 1H NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. From the bioactivity results, it was clear that the newly synthesized proline-rich tetracyclopeptide exhibited better anthelmintic potential against Megascoplex konkanensis, Pontoscotex corethruses, and Eudrilus eugeniae at a concentration of 2 mg/mL as well as improved antifungal activity against pathogenic dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum audouinii at a concentration of 6 μg/mL, as compared to non-methylated tetracyclopeptide. Moreover, N-methylated tetracyclopeptide displayed significant activity against pathogenic Candida albicans.

Introduction: The hospital market has today changed from a seller’s market to a buyers’ market, where the patient is all-important. One needs to understand the fact that patients do not flock to a hospital just because its services are cheap, but because of its good name and good image. Objective: To evaluate client satisfaction with the government approach in primary health care. Materials and Methods: Study design: Cross sectional study Sampling: Multistage sampling. Procedure: 1) The district was stratified into taluks 1 Primary Health Center and 1 Primary Health Unit or 1 Community Health Center (where there is a CHC) from each taluk was selected using random numbers. 2) Client satisfaction was determined by systematic random sampling of clients attending the basic health services Results: Client satisfaction in availability of service was above 90% in all services except in accident care where 30% were dissatisfied. Client satisfaction for facilities and equipments was good in all services except leprosy care and tuberculosis care where it was poor. Clients were mainly unhappy with the waiting time in all the services; in few services they expected speciality care like in child care and antenatal care. High risk care during delivery was not much appreciated. Other major problem was unavailability of the health care provider which led to dissatisfaction. Family planning services were graded excellent without any drawbacks. Except for few setbacks all the services had good satisfaction by majority of clients. Conclusion: Client satisfaction is good on a whole. Key words: Client satisfaction, primary health care, efficacy to treat, antenatal care, child care Key Message: The hospital market has today changed from a seller’s market to a buyers’ market, where the patient is all-important in that context we prioritize clients in primary health care too. Clients attending primary health care were mainly unhappy with the waiting time in all the services; in few services they expected speciality care as in child care and antenatal care. Other major problem was unavailability of the health care provider at night times which led to dissatisfaction. Family planning services were graded excellent by the clients.

Background: Infectious disease and malnutrition are common in children. Primary health care came into being to decrease the morbidity. Quality assessment is neither clinical research nor technology assessment. It is primarily an administrative device used to monitor performance to determine whether it continues to remain within acceptable bounds. Aims and Objectives: To assess the quality of service in the delivery of child health care in a primary health care setting. To evaluate client satisfaction. To assess utilization of facilities by the community. Materials and Methods: Study Type: Cross-sectional community-based study. Quality assessment was done by taking 30-50%, of the service provider. Client satisfaction was determined with 1 Immunization and child examination-90 clients each. Utilization of services was assessed among 478 households. Statistical Analysis: Proportions, Likert′s scale to grade the services and Chi-square. Results: Immunization service: Identification of needed vaccine, preparation and care was average. Vaccination technique, documentation, EPI education, maintenance of cold chain and supplies were excellent. Client satisfaction was good. Growth monitoring: It was excellent except for mother′s education andoutreach educational session . Acute respiratory tract infection care: History, physical examination, ARI education were poor. Classification, treatment and referral were excellent. Client satisfaction was good. Diarrheal disease care: History taking was excellent. But examination, classification, treatment, ORT education were poor. Conclusion: Mothers education was not stressed by service providers. Service providers′ knowledge do not go with the quality of service rendered. Physical examination of the child was not good. Except for immunization other services were average.

AbstractAlpha-terpineol (α-T) is a type of monoterpenoid alcohol commonly present in essential oils, it contributes to a pleasant floral fragrance similar to that of lilacs. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of α-terpineol on the reproductive functions of both male and female rats, including gonadal activity, mating behavior, conception, conceptus development and parturition. Six male and female Wistar rats per group received α-terpineol through gavage at doses of 0, 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg/day. The study revealed changes in body weight gain inhibition, food consumption, azoospermia, decreased testosterone levels (0.7 ± 1.61 ng/mL, 0.7 ± 2.30 ng/mL) as well as histopathological variations in testis and epididymis among males exposed to doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg/day. Moreover, this exposure led to significantly decreased serum T4 levels in both adult males (21.85 ± 12.68 ng/mL, 16.20 ± 9.15 ng/mL) and dams (11.24 ± 12.37 ng/mL, 9.48 ± 11.74 ng/mL) at the dose range of 150 and 300 mg/kg/day without affecting TSH concentrations. In summary, the present study showed that α-terpineol induced reproductive toxicities in male rats. Therefore, a detailed toxicological assessment is highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few decades, particle-reinforced Zn based metal matrix composites have begun to supplant monolithic Zn matrix. High strength to weight ratio, near-isotropic characteristics and cost are the key factors. The objective is to analyze the mechanical and wear activities of a unique composite Zn-Sn alloyed with nano B4C based on the literature. The effect of nano-sized B4C particulates on Zn85-Tin 15alloy is investigated. Nano B4C particulates are employed as reinforcement. Instep of B4C 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% by weight, composites are manufactured utilizing a two-step approach method. On a pin-on-disc type wear testing machine, wear tests were performed on all specimens under various operational settings such as typical loads of 10N, 20N, 30N and 40N and sliding speeds of 1.4, 1.8, 2.3 and 2.8 m/s at 2000m sliding distance and 90mm track diameter. Each specimen was subjected to 16 wear tests, resulting in a total of 80 wear tests. As the usual load increases, the volumetric wear rate increases, the volumetric wear rate reduces as the sliding speed increases. Corresponding worn out surface, wear debris and EDS are revealed. The surface roughness and surface hardness values increase as the sliding speed increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriate water management practices are essential for the successful cultivation of chia in water-scarce situations of semiarid regions. This is highly essential when new crops such as chia are introduced for ensuring diversity and water saving. Therefore, field trials (2020–21 and 2021–22) were conducted to understand the impact of deficit irrigation and bioregulators (BRs) on the seed yield, water productivity, and oil quality of chia. The effect of foliar application of BRs such as thiourea (TU; 400 ppm), salicylic acid (SA; 1.0 mM), potassium nitrate (KN; 0.15%), potassium silicate (KS; 100 ppm), kaolin (KO; 5%), and sodium benzoate (SB; 200 ppm) were monitored at different levels of irrigation: 100 (I100), 75 (I75), 50 (I50), and 25 (I25) percent of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE). Deficit irrigation at I25, I50, and I75 led to 55.3, 20.1, and 3.3% reductions in seed yield; 42.5, 22.5, and 4.2% in oil yield; and 58.9, 24.5, and 5.7% in omega–3 yield, respectively, relative to I100. Bioregulators could reduce the adverse impact of water deficit stress on seed, oil, and omega–3 yield. However, their beneficial effect was more conspicuous under mild water stress (I75), as revealed by higher seed yield (4.3–6.9%), oil yield (4.4–7.1%), and omega–3 yield (4.7–8.5%) over control (I100 + no BRs). Further, BRs (KN, TU, and SA) maintained oil quality in terms of linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents, even under mild stress (I75). Foliar application of KN, TU, and SA could save water to an extent of 36–40%. Therefore, the adverse impact of deficit irrigation on seed, oil, and omega–3 yields of chia could be minimized using BRs such as KN, TU, and SA, which can also contribute to improved water productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]