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Liquid water is the most intriguing liquid in nature, both because of its importance to every known form of life, and its numerous anomalous properties, largely magnified under supercooled conditions. Among the anomalous properties of water is the seeming divergence of the thermodynamic response functions and dynamic properties below the homogenous nucleation temperature (~232 K). Furthermore, water exhibits an increasingly decoupling of the viscosity and diffusion, upon cooling, resulting in the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relationship (SER). At high temperatures and pressures, however, water behaves more like a “simple” liquid. Nonetheless, experiments at 400 K and GPa pressures (Bove et al. (2011) Phys. Rev. Lett., 111:185901) showed that although the diffusion decreases monotonically with the pressure, opposite to pressurized supercooled water, a decoupling of the viscosity and diffusion, larger than that found in supercooled water at normal pressure, is observed. Here, we studied the thermodynamic response functions and breakdown of the SER along the 400 K isotherm up to 3 GPa, through molecular dynamics. Seven water models were investigated. A monotonic increase of the density (~50 %) and decrease of the isothermal compressibility (~90 %) and thermal expansion (~65 %) is found. Our results also show that compressed hot water has various resemblances to cool water at normal pressure, with pressure inducing the formation of a new second coordination sphere and a monotonic decrease of the diffusion and viscosity coefficients. Whereas all water models provide a good account of the viscosity, the magnitude of the violation of the SER at high pressures (> ~1 GPa) is significantly smaller than that found through experiments. Thus, violation of the SER in simulations is comparable to that observed for liquid supercooled water, indicating possible limitations of the water models to account for the local structure and self-diffusion of superheated water above ~1 GPa.

Assessing genetic diversity and identifying trait-specific germplasm within germplasm collections is necessary for a varietal development programme. Agronomic features were investigated in 318 diverse dry bean germplasm accessions, including check varieties. We observed a lot of genetic variability for the traits studied. A wide range of variations was noticed for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, pod length, the number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight (HSW). For eight of the agronomic features evaluated, the analysis of variance revealed substantial differences among the accessions. For all characters, phenotypic coefficient of variation estimations were more significant than genotypic coefficient of variation. Plant height, days to 50% flowering, seed yield (q/ha) and HSW had high heritability and genetic advance as a per cent of the mean. Association analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between HSW, plant height, pod length and seed yield (q/ha). According to a hierarchical clustering analysis based on agronomic features, the diversity of dry bean germplasm has no significant association with their geographical origin. The number of pods per plant, plant height, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering and seed yield had relatively long vectors based on principal components 1 and 2, indicating that genotypes differ significantly. Additionally, the trait-specific donors and bean common mosaic virus disease-resistant accessions, IC360831, ET4515, EC150250, IC340947, IC564797B, EC565693 and ET8409 could be of value for dry bean improvement.

A series of experimental and simulation studies examined the validity of the Stokes-Einstein relationship (SER) of water in binary water/alcohol mixtures of different mixture compositions. These studies revealed a strong non-monotonic composition dependence of the SER with maxima at the specific alcohol mole fraction where the non-idealities of the thermodynamic and transport properties are observed. The translational jump-diffusion (TJD) approach elucidated the breakdown of the SER in pure supercooled water as caused by the jump translation of molecules. The breakdown of SER in the supercooled water/methanol binary mixture was successfully explained using the same TJD approach. To further generalize the picture, here we focus on the non-monotonic composition dependence of SER breakdown of water in two water/alcohol mixtures (water/ethanol and water/propanol) for a broad temperature range. In agreement with previous studies, maximum breakdown of SER is observed for the mixture with alcohol mole fraction

The Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of cantilever beam adhesion problem, under the action of electrostatic attraction force iscarried out. The model uses Euler-Bernoulli beam theory for one end fixed and other end free type beams for small deflection. A MATLAB code has prepared to predict and plot the deflection profile of MEMS cantilever beam during the action of stiction force on application of applied voltage as snap down occurs. The model predicts the cantilever behavior on occurrence of snap downvoltage. To envisage the deflection profile, A collocation method employing B-Spline as approximating functions & Gaussian quadrature point as collocation points has been utilized for solving the governing equation by keeping the four end boundary conditions of cantilever beam in mind. The numerical results reveal the deflection profile of the MEMS cantilever Beam, which are validated with the previous data & deflection profile available by numerous published research papers

Nanophase materials, in recent times, have attracted many a researcher all over the world, on account of their exceptionally high efficiency in terms of morphological and optical behavior. In the nano-range order, various physical and chemical methods are employed to produce materials commercially, but the reported methods owing to their own physical conditions, limit the crystallite sizes to a certain nano-order. To prevail over this size-related limitation, a new modified bi-combustion synthesis technique (B-CST) has been introduced, which aids inthe formation of nanomaterials, with an average size of 10-20 nm, without using any ball milling process. In order to scrutinize the crystallite sizes of SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphors synthesized by CST and B-CST, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique is used to determine the crystalline phase only while high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is used, which is the most sought-after method world-wide and is vigorously used to determine the crystallite size.

Thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL) properties of the Gd3+ doped lanthanum zirconium phosphor (La2Zr2O7:Gd3+) are reported in this work. Gd3+ doped La2Zr2O7 (LZO) phosphor has been prepared via a high temperature solid state reaction method and it was prepared by using H3BO3 (as flux) and the preliminary materials were La2O3, ZrO2 and Gd2O3. The results of the XRD study shows that La2Zr2O7:Gd3+ phosphor has the cubic structure with 51.68 nm average crystallite size. The TL studies were carried out for the prepared phosphors using UV radiation (UV 254 nm), and a single glow peak was found in this study. Herein to extract the information about the positions of the TL emission at this work the peak shape methods are usage and the maximum peak exhibit the general order kinetics. In TL study the effect of UV exposure was investigated, it was found that it showed linearity with dose, which is helpful in TL dosimeters. The PL emission peaks of Gd -doped LZO phosphors were found to be in the region 450-650 nm, which was due to the 4f-4f transitions of Gd3+. More intense peaks at 468, 539, 589 and 627 nm were found at room temperature under excitation at 276 nm. Here the afterglow and photoluminescence behaviour of the Gd doped LZO phosphor is also reported.

During 2018 an intensive study was conducted to determine the viruses associated with cucurbitaceous crops in nine agroclimatic zones of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Total of 563 samples collected and analysed across 14 different cucurbitaceous crops. The results showed the dominance of Begomovirus (93%) followed by Potyvirus (46%), cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV-39%), Polerovirus (9%), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-2%) and Orthotospovirus (2%). Nearly 65% of samples were co-infected with more than one virus. Additionally, host range expansion of CMV, CGMMV and polerovirus was also observed on cucurbit crops. A new potyvirus species, zucchini tigre mosaic virus, earlier not documented from India has also been identified on five crops during the study. Risk map generated using ArcGIS for virus disease incidence predicted the virus severity in unexplored areas. The distribution pattern of different cucurbit viruses throughout Uttar Pradesh will help identify the hot spots for viruses and will facilitate to devise efficient and eco-friendly integrated management strategies for the mitigation of viruses infecting cucurbit crops. Molecular diversity and evolutionary relationship of the virus isolates infecting cucurbits in Uttar Pradesh with previously reported strains were understood from the phylogenetic analysis. Diverse virus infections observed in the Eastern Plain zone, Central zone and North-Eastern Plain zone indicate an alarming situation for the cultivation of cucurbits in the foreseeable future.

Here, we report the photoluminescence and thermoluminescent properties of Dy-activated Ca2 ZnSi2 O7 phosphors synthesized using the solid-state method. The synthesized phosphors showed hardystonite type structure, and had micron-sized particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the existence of the functional groups and confirmed the formation of phosphor and photoluminescence techniques. The phosphors under excitation at 239 nm exhibited green-yellow emission spectra in the region 481-575 nm corresponding to the 4 F9/2 →6 H15/2 and 4 F9/2 →6 H13/2 transitions of Dy3+ ions. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates were achieved to be (0.25, 0.27), which was narrowly close to the white region. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve analysis of prepared Dy3+ -activated Ca2 ZnSi2 O7 phosphors were recorded for different ultraviolet (UV) light exposure times and found to have a linear response with dose. The TL glow curves, recorded with various UV exposure times ranging from 5 to 25 min, showed a linear response with dosage. The corresponding kinetic parameters were also calculated using a computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) technique. Activation energy was observed to enhance the increase in the peak temperature and its value was substantially higher for the third peak fitted using CGCD. The obtained results indicated that the synthesized pristine phosphors could be potentially used for lighting, displays, and dosimetric applications.

Uterine leiomyoma is one of the most common benign pathology in women and lipoleiomyoma is an extremely rare and specific type of leiomyoma. Here we are reporting and incidental of lipoleiomyoma in a 43 year old perimenopausal women presented with lower abdominal pain since 2-3 days and discharge per vaginum on and off. Keywords: Umbilical endometriosis, Cutaneous endometriosis, Endometriosis

Hamartomas are benign proliferative lesions with no metastatic properties. The hamartoma of the tongue is usually rare. It is usually difficult to diagnose grossly. But can be diagnosed definitely with help of histopathological examination. Our case study is on a 5-year-old female who was asymptomatic and presented with cystic swelling at the base of the tongue which was initially diagnosed as a cyst but was diagnosed histopathologically as a hamartoma. Keywords: Hamartomatous

Although water is the most ubiquitous liquid it shows many thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies. Some of the anomalies further intensify in the supercooled regime. While many experimental and theoretical studies have focused on the thermodynamic anomalies of supercooled water, fewer studies explored the dynamical anomalies very extensively. This is due to the intricacy of the experimental measurement of the dynamical properties of supercooled water. Violation of the Stokes–Einstein relation (SER), an important relation connecting the diffusion of particles with the viscosity of the medium, is one of the major dynamical anomalies. In absence of experimentally measured viscosity, researchers used to check the validity of SER indirectly using average translational relaxation time or α-relaxation time. Very recently, the viscosity of supercooled water was accurately measured at a wide range of temperatures and pressures. This allowed direct verification of the SER at different temperature-pressure thermodynamic state points. An increasing breakdown of the SER was observed with decreasing temperature. Increasing pressure reduces the extent of breakdown. Although some well-known theories explained the above breakdown, a detailed molecular mechanism was still elusive. Recently, a translational jump-diffusion (TJD) approach has been able to quantitatively explain the breakdown of the SER in pure supercooled water and an aqueous solution of methanol. The objective of this article is to present a detailed and state-of-the-art analysis of the past and present works on the breakdown of SER in supercooled water with a specific focus on the new TJD approach for explaining the breakdown of the SER.

In this article, thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL) of Eu3+ doped La2Zr2O7 (LZO) phosphor with various concentrations were reported. A conventional solid-state reaction method was u...

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Malabar spinach (Basella alba L.), a leafy vegetable native to the Asian and African continents, was observed with rosetting and curling of leaves associated with begomovirus infection. PCR assay involving the universal begomovirus specific primer pair was used to detect the viral infection. Subsequently, the circular DNA molecules associated with the infected samples were enhanced through rolling circle amplification (RCA). After restriction analysis, the desired viral DNA molecules were cloned, sequenced and analyzed. Based on sequencing analysis, the bipartite tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV) was found to be associated with leaf curl disease of Basella. DNA-A and DNA-B of the ToLCPalV isolate infecting basella (VNS Bas1) revealed 95.65 and 98.64% identity, respectively, with that of the ToLCPalV reported earlier from India. No evidence was found for the association of alpha- and beta-satellites through testing by PCR assay. Interestingly, DNA-A sequences of ToLCPalV infecting Basella appear to be a recombinant of sequences closely related to tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV-KY780202). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report on the association of ToLCPalV with a leaf curl disease in a new host Basella from India.

A recent experiment has measured the viscosity of water down to approximately 244 K and up to 300 MPa. The correct viscosity and translational diffusivity data at various temperature–pressure (T–P)...

The enhancement in luminescence efficiency and spectral tuning due to Y3+ incorporation in the SrGd1.94Eu0.06O4 phosphor is reported. An auto-combustion method was adopted to synthesize the samples. The structural, morphological and luminescence properties were examined by means of X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and photoluminescence (PL) studies. The substitution of Gd3+ ions by Y3+ ions modulates the sensitizing effects of Gd3+ ions and also causes lattice shrinkage which alters the local crystal structure and improves the red light yield of Eu3+ ions. The spectroscopic modification occurring due to the incorporation of Y3+ ions was investigated with the help of Judd–Ofelt calculations. Temperature dependent PL studies were performed to investigate the thermal stability of the samples. The present research indicates that the SrGd1.94−xYxEu0.06O4 system can be used as a suitable red component for display and lighting applications.