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Silicon photonics is rapidly evolving as an advanced chip framework for implementing quantum technologies.

Background: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is the gold standard procedure and in spite of having all investigations done, surgeons face many difculties while operating which also effects outcome of surgery. It's a Methods: 18 month prospective study, 8 parameters were decided on which study was done on randomly selected patients. 35 surgeries were graded as Results: easy, 35 surgeries as difcult and 9 surgeries were very difcult to operate. Out of 79 Cholecystectomy performed by laparoscopic means, in 44 c Conclusions: ases we faced difculty (55.69%)

Controlled self-assembly of plasmonic photonic nanostructures provides a cost-effective and efficient methodology to expand plasmonic photonic nano-platforms with unique, tunable, and coupled optical characteristics. Keeping advantages and challenges in view, this review highlights contemporary advancements towards the development of self-assembly of a plasmonic photonic nanostructure using a colloidal solution and a self-assembly modeling technique along with exploring novel optical properties and associated prospects. The potential applications of self-assembled plasmonic photonic nano-systems to investigate next-generation optoelectronic devices, the need to reduce and increase scaling up aspects, and improve the performance, are also covered briefly in the review. The need of considerable efforts for the design and development towards establishing novel cost-effective methods to fabricate controlled self-assembled smart nano-plasmonic platforms is also highlighted in this mini-review. Key confronting issues that precisely limit the self-assemblies of photonic nanostructures and desired integration with other device components, mainly including uniformity within miniaturized devices are also discussed. This review will serve as a guideline and platform to plan advanced research in developing self-assembled plasmonic photonic nano-systems to investigate smart functional optical devices.

People with severe mental illnesses may experience barriers in accessing community mental health services. We used the key informant method to detect people with untreated severe mental illness in seven villages in the Indian state of Punjab. The key informant was a local community leader. We were able to contact 11 patients who were identified as suffering from severe mental illness by the key informants. On assessment, eight of them had intellectual disability and three had psychotic and affective illness. We discuss the barriers and opportunities for providing mental health services in the community.

OBJECTIVES- This survey aims to nd out various factors that contribute to the occurrence of orbital mucormycosis in patients admitted in tertiary care center in North West Rajasthan during second wave of Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS AND MATERIALS- The data was collected over a period of 2 months with the means of a questionnaire that was lled by the researcher.RESULTSSample size was 106 patients. Out of them, 22% of patients presented to the hospital with ocular symptoms as their main complaint. 77% of them were tested positive for Covid-19 virus in the past. 65% patients told that they had taken systemic steroids during their treatment for Covid-19 infection. 82% of the patients were diabetic. The present trend of CONCLUSION- rise in cases of mucormycosis is of grave concern for the medical fraternity. Hence, the knowledge of contributing factors in mucormycosis will help in further modifying the existing treatment of the disease

Purpose: The sudden lockdown due to COVID-19 in India led to closure of schools and colleges. This resulted in an increased usage of online mode of study, with a more sedentary lifestyle. The survey study aimed to analyze the prevalence of any musculoskeletal problem in students and teachers due to the same. Methodology: A Google Form was distributed by a snowball sampling technique using various social media platforms. A total of 715 responses were received. Results: Maximum respondents were in the age range of 18–25 years. Eighty eight percent of participants in the survey were involved in the online mode of education, with 60.8% experiencing some form of musculoskeletal pain or discomfort; 71% of people believed that the cause of pain was online working. Neck pain (51.3%) followed by low back pain (33.4%) and headaches (29.8%) were commonly reported. University teachers reported maximum pain followed by university students, school teachers and school students. Of all the respondents, 60.8% people admitted to adopting awkward postures while at work, whereas only 27.6% of them exercised to relieve pain and discomfort. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to develop appropriate intervention strategies for people involved in sedentary online work to prevent the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain and discomfort. Physical therapy can play a major role in managing this lifestyle hazard.

The environmental changes that we see today are the result of our own interference in the nature and our attempt to control it. Most of the environmental problems faced now are caused by man himself. Earlier when man used to live in harmony with the nature, there was a certain respect and fear of the nature as is evident from the many religious traditions and philosophies in the world. In every religion in the world, nature found the place of the mother or the giver of life. However, with the advancement of technology, man developed a sort of god complex and started exploiting the nature for its own good. But it failed to realise that defiling that on which his life depends will in turn cause harm to him. Until recently, people were not aware of, or did not take seriously the harmful effects of economic development on the environment. In recent years, however, due to the warnings rounded by science about an impending ecological imbalance, philosophy became intensively aware of the environment we live in, and much attention has been paid on issues related to it. Thus, today, the movements to conserve environment have gained momentum throughout the world. Felling down of trees even trimmings or converting them into pollards – ignites strong sentiments. A nuclear experiment or emission of industrial effluents into rivers precedes protest marches and strong letters to editors. In each one of them, the issue is the deleterious effect of technology on habitat. The question that occupies our attention is how we should save our habitat? Hence, the need for the revival of the old religious philosophies and environmental ideologies is needed. In this article, we try to highlight some texts and archaeological evidences of ancient India which can eminently reflect the perspectives of environment, forest and biodiversity conservation of our forefathers.

The self-assembled plasmonic nano-enabled photonic crystals (PCs)have been studied as promising platforms to develop next-generation photonic and opto-electronic devices. In this review, we attempt to describe the fundamentals of self-assembled colloidal plasmonic nanostructures and various applications of such devices. Different important aspects, such as interaction between metal NPs (MNPs) and non-metal 3-D crystals, effect of NPs on the spectral properties of materials, the mechanism of plasmonic based PCs, and related challenges and their possible solutions have been demonstrated crucially. The advancements in the self-assembly based plasmonic PCs and their applications are discussed carefully. We believe that nano-enabled self-assembled plasmonic crystals are better candidates of nanostructures to advance photonic technologies with reduced form factor and high performance.

Background and Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a home based physical activity intervention during pregnancy on weight and various obesity markers resulting in metabolic syndrome in future. Methods: The paper presents a pilot experimental study (pre-post comparison) from a larger ongoing trial, with40 pregnant women (20 each) having singleton pregnancy of >16 weeks of gestation, BMI >18.5 Kg/m2 and declared fit by gynecologist for physical activity during pregnancy. They were assigned to either home exercise group receiving antenatal weight loss intervention delivered via 2 exercise demonstration sessions and informative brochures with advised regular 30 minutes walking during pregnancy, while control group was advised once at initial recruitment for maintaining active lifestyle during pregnancy. The data was analyzed using IBM-SPSS-(version 21) software. Results: Though the exercise group had less weight gain and weight retention than the control group, the pregnancy home intervention alone was not effective in controlling obesity parameters like body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist to hip ratio (W/H).Conclusion: Home based pregnancy exercise intervention should include other adjunct components, which could be diet advice or timely supervised exercise sessions to have appreciable obesity control during pregnancy.

Background and aims:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity and diet during prenatal period and its effect on gestational weight gain (GWG), BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and post-partum weight retention (PPWR).Materials and Methods:This was an experimental study (pre-post comparison) with 45 pregnant women having singleton pregnancy of >16 weeks of gestation, BMI>18.5 Kg/m2and having a mobile phone. They were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12 each; compliance rate 80%) (i.e.) exercise (n=12), exercise with diet advise (n=12) and control (n=12) group. Exercise groups attended weekly antenatal exercise sessions at the hospital during pregnancy; diet group received regular diet counseling followed by mobile text-messages (reminder, motivational, guidelines and benefits) to maintain adequate diet. The data was analyzed using IBM-SPSS software.Results:Exercise groups gained less weight then control. Similarly, had mean GWG less as compared to control group though not statistically significant. The mean WC changes were significant amongst the groups with the exercise groups having least gain in WC (pConclusion:Adopting an active lifestyle along with proper diet care can prevent development of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome in Indian pregnant women which could prevent them from other associated lifestyle diseases in future.

Background: Histopathological changes induced by gall stone disease or cholelithiasis are diverse including acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, glandular hyperplasia, granulomatous inflammation, cholesterosis, dysplasia and carcinoma. Hence, this study was planned to assess gallbladder mucosal changes in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and it’s correlation with number and types of stone.Methods: A total of 50 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis scheduled to undergo laproscopic cholecystectomy (LC) after written and informed consent from October 2015 to October 2018 at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad were followed prospectively. Preoperative biochemical profile and ultrasonography of whole abdomen of all the patients was obtained. LC was done under the hands of the skilled and experienced surgeons. Morphologic profile of gallstones was recorded and analysed. Gallbladder mucosal tissues were sent to general pathology department for analysis. Histopathological typing of all the gallbladder mucosal specimens was done and was correlated with the number and type of gallstones.Results: In majority (76%) cases, cholecystitis was found. Hyperplasia was seen in 10% patients. Cholecystitis with metaplasia in 10 percent of the cases and carcinoma in 2 percent of the cases. While correlating the gallbladder mucosal response with the number and type of stones, non-significant results were obtained.Conclusions: There might be some association between gall bladder mucosal changes and gall stone. We cannot say an etiologic and effective correlation from the results of this study; possible mechanism may be gall stone erodes gall bladder wall constantly over a period of time which may constitute a risk. While correlating gallbladder mucosal response with the number and type of stones, non-significant results were obtained.

Background: Use of spectacles is common for people having vision problems. Unifocal and bifocal are usually the commonly used lenses for vision correction. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of type of lenses in eyeglasses on the neck muscles endurance and neck posture.Methods: A sample of 132 subjects were recruited and divided in three groups according to use of unifocal, bifocal or no glasses. Normal healthy subjects using eyeglasses for a minimum of 2 years and as per selection criteria were assessed for their deep neck flexor endurance (DNF) and craniovertebral angle (CVA).Results: Females had less DNF endurance than males in all groups. DNF endurance was also least reported in subjects using bifocal lenses followed by unifocal and no glasses. These results were similar for both males and females. Bifocal group also had least CVA amongst both sexes.Conclusions: Use of bifocal lenses reduces the DNF endurance and leads to forward head posture over time. These two factors are commonly associated with development of neck pain and disability. Assessment for the type of lens in eyeglasses should be added in diagnosing musculoskeletal problems in neck. Appropriate neck exercises, corrective postures and advise for correct eyeglasses at an early stage could maintain DNF endurance and therefore, prevent faulty neck postures and associated pain. This small check could be a big step towards reducing the financial and psychological burden on the patient and an affordable and less invasive public health solution to neck related problems.

The present study deals with the body composition components of 201 randomly selected patients with diabetic mellitus (93 males and 108 females) of Amritsar aged 27-70 years. To solve the p...

This paper presents an improved circuit of active CMOS based Gilbert double balanced differential mixer used in Bluetooth and Zigbee receiver systems. Proposed mixer design technique is aimed to achieve high conversion gain and linearity with low power consumption. Modified resistive source degeneration technique is used for the linearity improvement and active load with resonator circuit is used to enhance the conversion gain of the mixer. The range of RF frequency is 2.4GHz to 2.48 GHz and intermediate frequency (IF) varies from 1MHz to 2MHz. The Input Third Order Intercept point (IIP3) provided by the circuit is -7.311dBm at 2.48 GHz RF frequency. The conversion gain provided by the proposed mixer is 10.737. The circuit is implemented using 0.18μm CMOS process using 2.2V supply.

In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the somatotype status of patients with diabetes mellitus aged 27-70 years. A total of 204 randomly selected diabetic samples (100 males and...

This paper presents an improved circuit of CMOS based Gilbert double balanced mixer. Proposed mixer design technique is aimed to achieve high conversion gain and linearity with low power consumption. Modified inductive source degeneration technique is used for the linearity improvement and multiple transconductance stage technique is used to improve the conversion gain of the mixer. The range of RF frequency is 500 MHz to 2700 MHz, LO frequency varies from 650 MHz to 2095 MHz and intermediate frequency (IF) varies from 150 MHz to 605 MHz. The circuit provides an Input Third Order Intercept point (IIP3) of 14.365 dBm at 2.7 GHz RF frequency. The conversion gain of 10.575 is achieved. The proposed mixer is implemented using 0.18μm CMOS process using 2.2V supply.

Habitual ingestion of non-nutritive substances is the characteristic feature of a medical condition known as pica. It is usually associated with nutritional deficiency state, mental illness and at times with pregnancy. Most of the ingested foreign bodies pass through the digestive tract without causing complications however in about 1% cases, it can result in fatal complications such as intoxication, gastrointestinal perforation etc. Here we report a case of multiple intestinal perforations in a 28 year old patient secondary to his psychiatric illness Pica. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate its unusual presentation and to discuss the management of this rare case.

Background: Obesity is a modifiable risk factor associated with many complications in human beings. Objective: To find and report the articles dealing with BMI on maternal (prenatal and perinatal) and child (perinatal and postnatal) complications with specific emphasis on Indian studies. Data source: Pubmed and Google Scholar were searched with key terms within the limit of studies between 2008 and 2015. Study eligibility criteria: Studies with at least 4 complications were compared with BMI classification, both cross-sectional and case-control studies; both prospective and retrospective studies were included. Participants and intervention: Pregnant women, who were classified according to BMI criteria, were compared with prenatal, perinatal and immediate postnatal complications in both mother and child. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Since Pubmed is the primary source of selection of articles there was no separate appraisal of included studies other than eligibility criteria. 37 articles which met the eligibility included for results review and discussion. Results: Odd ratio (OR) of gestational diabetes (4.62), pregnancy induced hypertension (3.23), cesarean section (2.88), preeclampsia (2.69), microsomia (4.65), macrosomia (3.95), NICU admission (3.39), perinatal death (3.17) in obese/overweight Indian mother is either equal or higher than western counterparts. Limitation: Present study neither did meta-analysis nor did any inferential statistics. Conclusion and implications of key findings: Present study concretely supports that obesity was associated with many pre, peri and postnatal complications in both mother as well as child. So, primary and secondary prevention measure has to be taken to control the weight in reproduction age females Keywords: Mother complication, Prenatal complication, Perinatal complication, Postnatal child complication