Search

Amanita pseudovalens (Neville & Poumarat) R.Arraiano-Castilho, A.C.Silva, C.Vila-Viçosa, M.R.Castro, L.Morgado & P.Oliveira var. pseudovalens comb. nov., stat. nov. Basionym: Amanita curtipes f. pseudovalens Neville & Poumarat, Fungi Europaei 9: 656 (Neville & Poumarat 2004). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — France. Landes, 15.V.1993, Mesplède, G74; 19.V.1965, J. Beller échantillon 2937, MPU1. Morocco. Larache, 04. V.1964, G. Malençon échantillon 5225, MPU 2 (DNA only). MYCOBANK. — MB 845581. NOTES This taxon corresponds to the French specimens (see Discussion for other possible locations). The basionym diagnosis (Neville & Poumarat 2004) remains unaltered for this variety (Table 6)., Published as part of Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves & Oliveira, Paulo, 2022, The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification, pp. 139-157 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6) on page 144, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, http://zenodo.org/record/7829510, {"references":["NEVILLE P. & POUMARAT S. 2004. - Amaniteae: Amanita, Limacella & Torrendia. Candusso, Alassio, 1120 p. (Fungi Europaei 9)."]}

Amanita pseudovalens var. tartessiana R.Arraiano-Castilho, A.C.Silva, C.Vila-Viçosa, M.R.Castro, L.Morgado & P.Oliveira, var. nov. HOLOTYPE. — Portugal. Alentejo, Beja district, Odemira, Luzianes A, 12.IV.2015, A. C. Silva, Ode12 (holo-, PO [PO-F2143]). ISOTYPE. — Portugal. Alentejo, Beja district, Odemira, Luzianes A, 21. III.2015, A. C. Silva, Ode02 (iso-, PO [PO-F2133]). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Portugal. Alentejo, Beja district, Odemira, Luzianes A, 21.III.2015, A. C. Silva, Ode01; Ode03; 28.III.2015, A. C. Silva, Ode04; 04.IV.2015, A. C. Silva, Ode08; Luzianes B, 04.IV.2015, A. C. Silva, Ode05; Ode06; Ode07; 12.IV.2015, A. C. Silva, Ode10; Ode11; Portalegre district, Portalegre, 27.IV.2015, N. Alegria, Ode16; Évora district, Portel, 07.IV.2010, R. Arraiano-Castilho, P01 (for basidiospores only). ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet refers to the ancient Tartessian civilization (ТαΡΤησσός) located in the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula (Celestino Pérez & López-Ruiz 2016). PHENOLOGY. — Late winter and spring. HABITAT. — Mediterranean, in association with Cistus spp., typically on compact, acidic and eroded soils, corresponding to regressive shrubland stages of evergreen oak forests (Fig. 5). DISTRIBUTION. — Portugal. Reported from the NUTS III regions of Alentejo Litoral, Baixo Alentejo, Alentejo Central and Alto Alentejo. MYCOBANK. — MB 845582. INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF 559871. NOTES This taxon corresponds to the Portuguese specimens described in this study. It differs from the autonym by its habitat (on acidic schist soils, with Cistus spp.), the ellipsoid to oblong, infrequently subcylindric basidiospores, and longer basidia (Table 6). Such differences are not considered to be at the rank of form. A species rank is currently not supported, due to the lack of genetic resolution of the nrDNA sequences. Both taxa share, aside from the characters in common with other species of series Amidella, the vernal fruiting season, the medium to small size, and the indistinct odour (Table 6), and can be confirmed with the Aps diagnostic PCR primers described in Table 2. DESCRIPTION To describe the new species, we used fresh materials obtained from sites A and B near Luzianes in spring 2015 (Ode01- 12 except Ode09) and the basidiospores from a collection in the Portel county (P01, near Monte Novo, spring 2010) and another from São Mamede Park near Monte Carvalho, Portalegre county (Ode16, spring 2015). All specimens used in this description were deposited in the PO herbarium (see Material and Methods). Pileus Flat to slightly depressed, convex at the margin, expanding to a diameter of 7.5 cm. Most collections whitish in situ, turning rose/ochre with either aging, handling, or scratching. A pale grey plaque from the universal veil is frequently present. Some collections present brownish scales close to the margin (Fig. 3B, C). Margin thinly appendiculate. Hymenophore Adnexed ascending, white, turning rose/ochre with either aging, bruising or scratching, with lamellulae. Stipe Almost cylindrical,slightly tapering toward the apex,non-bulbous, base obconical. Concolorous with the pileus, with a very fugacious annulus (Fig. 3H). A scale covering can be seen below the annulus region (Fig. 3A; C; E; F). Height not longer than the diameter of the expanded pileus, thickness 2.2 cm at the most. Veil Universal veil leaving a sac-like thick volva with a lobed margin, pale grey, with an internal ridge raised in contact with the stipe (Fig. 3H); often it remains also as a single pale grey plaque on the pileus. Partial veil leaving a fugacious non-membranous annulus at roughly two-thirds of the stipe height, and narrow remnants on the pileus margin. Context Concolorous with the surface, homogeneous, relatively compact, non-putrescent. Odour indistinct. Reaction with 10% FeSO 4 on rehydrated samples from the stipe develops an immediate change to greenish grey that lasts a few minutes. Basidiospores White, amyloid, ellipsoid to oblong, average length 11.78 µm, average width 6.97 µm, average length/width ratio (Q) 1.696 (Table 5), overlapping the A. ponderosa sporograph but not the one for A. curtipes f. pseudovalens (Fig. 4). Due to the lack of spore print, collections Ode01 and Ode16 were not included in the summary calculations. Statistical testing rejected the hypothesis of homogeneity among the collections included in the summary statistics, for all three variables (Appendices 4; 5). Indeed, the heterogeneity among collections was the rule (Table 5; Appendix 8): Ode10 had longer spores and higher Q, bordering on standard A. pseudovalens comb. nov., stat. nov. limits; Ode08 had wider spores and lower Q, even more than A. ponderosa, while Ode11 had spores of average Q values but small size. Nested ANOVA (within and between sites) also suggested heterogeneity within sites for the three variables, but only for length and width between sites.Site A collections have on average significantly higher values (Appendix 6). Basidia Clavate, with 4 sterigmata, base unclamped, average length 56.9 µm (equal to the median), range 41.0-73.4 µm, n = 123. The measurements were obtained from collections Ode02b, Ode05, Ode06a, Ode07, Ode08, Ode10, Ode11 and Ode12, revealing a normal distribution of the global data (Shapiro-Wilk’s W = 0.990, P = 0.555). On average, similar basidia sizes were observed across all collections, although Ode11 had a higher average length of 63.9 ± 5.0 µm (Appendix 7). Universal veil Sagital sections (Ode02, Ode07, Ode11, Ode12) revealed a thin outer layer, 80-100 µm deep, composed of slightly interwoven, longitudinally oriented hyphae, very compact and 10 µm wide (as measured in transversal sections), from which thinner hyphae, very loose, projected outwards (not found in Ode11). Many of the latter hyphae had a slightly widened, bulbous termination. No clamp connections were observed. The remainder of the structure was composed of more loosely packed longitudinal, slightly wavy hyphae, with very conspicuous lacunae interpreted as remnants of larger inflated, ellipsoid to oblong, hyphal elements. Measurement of these lacunae in Congo Red SDS stained sections (Ode02, Ode07, n = 41), under low magnification, gave an estimate of 40-71 µm length (average 54 µm, C. V. 17%) by 20-46 µm width (average 33 µm, C. V. 16%)., Published as part of Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves & Oliveira, Paulo, 2022, The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification, pp. 139-157 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6) on pages 144-146, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, http://zenodo.org/record/7829510, {"references":["TAMURA K. & NEI M. 1993. - Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10: 512 - 526. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. molbev. a 040023"]}

IDENTIFICATION KEY TO AMANITA PERS. SERIES AMIDELLA (E.- J.GILBERT) NEVILLE & POUMARAT 1. Pileus remaining convex for most of the development of the basidiome, sometimes with an umbo, diameter notably smaller than the length of the developed stipe, covered at least on the margin with heterogeneous scales from the inner layer of the universal veil, which become brown like the exposed context, stipe base bulbous, margin of the volva leaning towards the stipe, context discoloration moderate to intense. Rare occurrences, widely spaced in time (A. lepiotoides)............................................................................................................ 2 — Pileus becoming flat then depressed at the centre, diameter about the same as the stipe length, generally without scales, stipe slightly or not bulbous, margin of the volva free, pale context discoloration, rose then ochre. Occurrence generally annual........................................................................................................................ 3 2. Context discoloration intense, reddish then dark brown, stipe base distinctly bulbous, basidiospores mostly ellipsoid (Qm A. lepiotoides f. lepiotoides Barla — Context discoloration moderate, rose then ochre, stipe base slightly bulbous, basidiospores mostly oblong and cylindrical (Qm> 1.65).................................................. A. lepiotoides f. subcylindrospora Neville & Poumarat 3. Occurrence in Autumn, on siliceous sandy soil............................................................ A. curtipes E.- J.Gilbert — Occurrence from late winter (rarely in January) to spring, also early summer............................................... 4 4. Heavy habit, semi-hypogeous, typically with an earthy odour, associated with Cistus, basidiospores mostly ellipsoid to oblong (1.60 A. ponderosa f. ponderosa Malençon & R.Heim — Medium-sized (pileus diameter generally less than 10 cm)............................................................................ 5 5. On siliceous sandy soil, associated or not with Cistus, pines, etc., basidia with average length Cistus, basidia with average length> 55 µm............................................................................................................................................ 7 6. Relatively small (pileus diameter usually around 5 to 6 cm and below 8 cm), taste of the context indistinct, basidiospores mostly oblong (1.8 A. curtipes E.- J.Gilbert — Medium-sized (pileus diameter usually between 7 and 10 cm), taste can be slightly of hazelnut, then bitter, basidiospores mostly cylindrical (2.0 A. pseudovalens var. pseudovalens comb. nov., stat. nov. 7. Odour and/or taste typically distinct, semi-hypogeous habit (A. ponderosa).................................................. 8 — Odour indistinct, aftertaste slightly bitter, epigeous habit, pileus margin occasionally with brown scales.................................................................................................................... A. pseudovalens var. tartessiana var. nov. 8. Basidiospores broadly oblong (Qm = 1.60 – 1.80), strictly thermophile......................................................................................................................................................... A. ponderosa f. ponderosa Malençon & R.Heim — Basidiospores long-ellipsoid (Qm = 1.45 – 1.55), also in cooler areas...................................................................................................................................................... A. ponderosa f. valens (Gilbert) Neville & Poumarat Only the European taxa within Amanita series Amidella are considered. Parts of the key are from the work of Neville & Poumarat (2004)., Published as part of Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves & Oliveira, Paulo, 2022, The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification, pp. 139-157 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6) on page 150, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, http://zenodo.org/record/7829510, {"references":["NEVILLE P. & POUMARAT S. 2004. - Amaniteae: Amanita, Limacella & Torrendia. Candusso, Alassio, 1120 p. (Fungi Europaei 9)."]}

COMPARISON WITH AMANITA CURTIPES F. PSEUDOVALENS AND AMANITA PONDEROSA When comparing the descriptions of all European taxa of series Amidella, based on Neville & Poumarat (2004), as shown in Table 6, the Portuguese specimens of Amanita pseudovalens comb. nov., stat. nov. did not conform with the description for the genetically indistinct A. curtipes f. pseudovalens (Neville & Poumarat 2004), diverging in their soil and vegetation affinities and in the microscopy. Therefore, we understand them as representing a separate taxon, however at infraspecific level. Moreover, Table 6 shows that the tartessiana variety resembles A. ponderosa in almost every aspect – the obvious difference being the so far unknown occurrence of large and heavy specimens in the former – being, by comparison, much less similar to the conspecific A. pseudovalens comb. nov., stat. nov. collected in France., Published as part of Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves & Oliveira, Paulo, 2022, The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification, pp. 139-157 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6) on page 146, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, http://zenodo.org/record/7829510, {"references":["NEVILLE P. & POUMARAT S. 2004. - Amaniteae: Amanita, Limacella & Torrendia. Candusso, Alassio, 1120 p. (Fungi Europaei 9)."]}

Iberian Peninsula harbours both edaphic and climatic conditions that supports a wide variety of forests in contrasting environments. Due its geographic position functions as a model to understand transitional areas and ecotones between major biogeographic regions (Eurosiberian and Mediterranean). Although “classic” modelling techniques usually rely in climatic drivers, other related to ecosystem functioning dynamics and energy-matter flows, calculated from satellite remote sensing variables, are still largely unexplored. To address this, we exploited several remote sensing variables calculated from time series linked to the annual seasonal dynamics of carbon, water and energy components of ecosystems as a new potential tool to assist biogeographic delimitation and forest distribution in Iberian Peninsula. Marcescent oak forests were used as a model, in a like-for-like basis with Temperate and Mediterranean forests. An ensemble modelling approach (biomod2) was employed to assess the predictive potential of remotely sensed variables. Results show that Remote sensing drivers helped to understand the distribution of marcescent forests in transitional/ecotone areas from Eurosiberian to Mediterranean Region, inferring and explaining biogeographic regions, as well as the potential distribution of tree species in Iberian Peninsula. This is of major importance in way to understand climatic trends, and land use management and alteration and in what way it can affect forest conservation in Western Mediterranean basin., Disclaimer: The presentation has received updates due to the feedback received by co-authors.

Due to highly heterogeneous edaphoclimatic features, Iberian Southwest Mountains are a major laboratory for essays on biogeography, concerning Atlantic remnant vegetation. Following a decade of PhD fieldwork in Serrano-Monchiquense District, namely facing West Iberian and Portuguese Divisorian Sub-Provinces, this work intends to clarify and propose new typologies for the Potential Natural Vegetation of these territories and consequently accurately update its biogeographic boundaries. Additionally, we address all serial and catenal features regarding climatophile and edaphophile vegetation series, with major updates for taxonomic and syntaxonomic issues, which gives a solid phytocoenotic uniqueness to this territory. Using phytosociological methodology, we studied climatophilous and edaphophile serial dynamics, featuring perennial vegetation. We discuss 12 sintaxa at association and subassociation levels, adding a discriminatory analysis of all biogeographic features from Serrano Monchiquense District, describing its different County’s in a comparative framework with neighbor Districts. We propose a synthetic map, resuming the analyzed information, where we stablish new and more accurate borders to the biogeographic map of Southern Portugal. This work, its a final and exhaustive description where is related all major biogeographic inferences that matter to be highlighted in the scope of Southwest Iberian Peninsula, concerning the border between two major biogeographic Provinces, revisiting all phytocoenotic conservation issues., Disclaimer: This is the original version, which not includes the co-authors new inputs to the generated maps, is being updated and will be published in future versions.

Following PhD thesis work surveys on Monchiquense District, the presence of Quercus estremadurensis O. Schwarz was noticed in the catenal dynamics of Avenello strictae-Quercetum marianicae woodlands, ecologically related to freatic and temporihygrophilous positions. Thenceforth, it has been re-discovered, trough fieldwork and Herbaria research, in several biogeographic territories, namely in the Southwestern and Western part of Iberian Peninsula, following the border between Eurosiberian and Mediterranean macrobioclima-tes, as well as in relictual groves of semi-deciduous woodlands, in humid and hyperoceanic areas. Here, we combine the phytosociological methodology with species distribution modelling (SDMs) to clarify the sintaxonomic affiliation of these rare formations, and to present a spatially-explicit model for its potential distribution. BIOMOD2 ensemble modelling framework was implemented to build Q. estremadurensis potential distribution in the Iberian Peninsula, considering climate, slope, land use and soil, as ecologically relevant determinants, for the species distribution. In the lack of absence data, pseudo-absences have been randomly selected from the studied area excluding available presence points. The predictive performance per variable was assessed using a randomization procedure as implemented in BIOMOD2. Being present in several biogeographic territories, from Portuguese-Divisorian and Algarvian-Monchiquense Sub-Provinces, passing through Luso-Extremadurean and Carpetanan-Leonese ones, we analyze four possible syntaxons occurring in the frame of Quercion broteroi and Aceri granatensis-Quercion fagineae, deeply related to the biogeographic territories where they occur . Ecologically prone to streams and deep valleys, normally in the midst of Pruno-Rubion dense thorn-bushes, mature and pure woodlands are totally absent in all studied territories, due the heavy landscape transformation, which made this study and interpretation of these formations hard and tricky. Also, in the absence of phylogeographic and molecular essays, relating the independence or infra-specific range of Quercus estremadurensis O. Schwarz, inside the broad sense of Quercus robur L., this taxon faces great menace, mainly by introgression features with broad sense Quercus faginea Lam., Q. marianica C. Vicioso / Q. canariensis Willd. and also Q. pyrenaica Willd., Disclaimer: The presented PDF, has updated nomenclatural issues, linked with oak (Quercus L.) taxonomy and forest syntaxonomy in Southern Portugal, namely related with Campanulo alatae-Quercetum estremadurensis ass. nova, which autorship belongs to the present authors, but has been unethically plagiated by colleagues.

The study of oak diversity in the Souhtern Iberian Peninsula resulted in the nomenclatural revision of following nothotaxa: Quercus xbeturia (F. M. Vázquez, Coombes, Rodr. Coombes, Ramos & Doncel) F. M. Vázquez, C. Villa-Viçosa, C. Meireles & C. Pinto-Gomes stat. nov.; Q. xnumantina Ceb. & C. Vivioso nothosubsp. discreta F. M. Vázquez nom. nov., and Q. xtentudiaca (F. M. Vázquez) F. M. Vázquez stat. nov. Also, three new nothospecies are described: Q. x ordensis F. M. Vázquez, García Alonso & Márquez nothosp. nov. (sterile and rare shrub), Q. xalentejana Pinto-Gomes & F. M. Vázquez nothosp. nov. (fertile and frequent Lusitanian tree), and Q. xparstorae M. A. Pineda, F. M. Vázquez & Sánchez Gullón nothosp. nov. (fertile and rare tree).

La diversidad de robles con la que cuenta el territorio portugués se ha puesto de manifiesto en numerosas aportaciones de los autores lusitanos. Tal vez la obra de referencia para Portugal sea la revisión de Coutinho, A.X.P. 1888. Os Quercus de Portugal. Coimbra, 76 pp, en la que se da a conocer numerosos taxones infraespecíficos del género Quercus L., presentes en Portugal de los que se desconocía su presencia. Más tarde autores peninsulares como: Vicioso, C. 1950. Boletin Instituto Forestal Investig. Exper. 51: 1-194; Vasconcellos, J.C. & Amaral Franco, J. 1954. Anais Instituto Superior Agronomía, 21: 1- 135, o Amaral Franco, J. 1990, in Castroviejo, S. Flora Iberica 2: 15-36, ordenaron la nomenclatura y sistemática del género, poniendo de manifiesto a nivel específico, infraespecífico y de nothotaxones, la diversidad del genero Quercus en la Península Ibérica.

Se propone una metodología para la ampliación de la cartografía de usos existente hasta el momento, mediante el análisis de imágenes satelitales, con algoritmos basados en la identificación de objetos (OBIA). El objeto de estudio es analizar las dinámicas territoriales de las Vegas Altas del Guadiana, partiendo de la cartografía Corine Land Cover y plantear un procedimiento que permita ampliar los años de análisis que ofrece esta cartografía, así como su precisión y fiabilidad. El trabajo utiliza el reconocimiento de objetos sobre imágenes obtenidas por la misión Landsat. El método se ha valorado a través del uso del arroz en el área piloto, comparando los resultados obtenidos, con los indicados en la cartografía Corine y los proporcionados por la Consejería de Agricultura, Desarrollo Rural, Medio ambiente y Energía y el Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Para ello, se han realizado tres experimentos exploratorios con diversas combinaciones de parámetros. Los resultados obtenidos son coherentes con la realidad territorial y se encuentran dentro del intervalo de confianza de la cartografía utilizada. En el último experimento se evalúa la eficacia de la automatización de este método.

Dentro de los indicadores ambientales establecidos en la IDE OTALEX C, se encuentran indicadores climáticos. El último periodo de estos que ha sido estudiado se extiende desde 1971 a 2000 con datos de 99 estaciones termopluviométricas. Se han elaborado mapas de temperaturas y precipitaciones, calculándose además el Índice de continentalidad (Ic), el Índice ombrotérmico (Io), el Índice de aridez (Ia), la evapotranspiración potencial anual (ETP) y el Índice de termicidad (It), elaborándose sus correspondientes mapas. Toda la información generada es básica para formular estrategias de gestión e investigaciones para el presente y futuro, y así utilizar los recursos naturales de manera eficiente y alcanzar metas de desarrollo sostenible en este territorio. Por otra parte, se ha elaborado el mapa de vegetación potencial actualizado del área de estudio, con las series de vegetación dominantes, a través de análisis espacial y modelación de datos por yuxtaposición de variables florísticas y de vegetación sobre los mapas bioclimáticos y litológicos. El dominio climático es de vegetación perennifolia donde los alcornocales y encinares asumen un valor muy elevado en la conservación de la biodiversidad y patrimonial por su transformación en dehesas.

La cartografía integrada del medio natural está basada en la toma en consideración de factores del medio, permitiendo identificar factores ecológicos relevantes en relación a gradientes edáficos. Estos factores son la base para la elaboración de unidades edafoambientales. Hasta el momento, el concepto de diversidad ha sido utilizado ampliamente en biología, existiendo escasos antecedentes tanto en la literatura ecológica como en la de las ciencias de la Tierra sobre estudios de edafodiversidad. Los análisis de diversidad de suelos no tienen como único propósito estudiar la variedad o heterogeneidad de los ensamblajes de suelos, sino que son de gran utilidad en edafología y en ecología del paisaje. Mediante un sistema de información geográfica, se han obtenido unidades edafoambientales por integración y unión de las capas de litología, vegetación/usos del suelo y relieve del territorio OTALEX C (Alentejo-Centro-Extremadura). A partir de ellas, se ha determinado su edafodiversidad utilizando índices de diversidad. Como resultado se han obtenido 271 unidades edafoambientales de las máximas posibles, fragmentadas en un total de 52.783 polígonos. La más abundante es “Pizarra sobre dehesa en relieve ligeramente inclinado” y la de mayor fragmentación es “Aluviales y coluviales sobre dehesas en relieve escarpado”. La gran diversidad del territorio OTALEX C es como resultado de la elevada diversidad y fragmentación de sus unidades edafoambientales debido a las formaciones de vegetación/usos del suelo más que por la litología y relieve.

In this paper we present the results of a geobotanical study carried out on the communities of Cytisus oromediterraneus and Genista cinerascens in Serra da Estrela, two species that in the Central Iberian Peninsula lead the associations Cytiso oromediterranei-Genistetum cinerascentis and Pteridio aquilini-Cytisetum oromediterranei. The prime objective was to describe their geographical and main ecological features, floristic structure and composition, as well as local dynamics. The sampling analyses were carried out using Braun–Blanquet’s methodology, and respective outco- mes were studied using the phytosociological methodology, combined with a statistic analysis performed through the Vegana package. The results indicate that the Portuguese community of Cytisus oromediterraneus and Genista cinerascens represents a new association, that we called Teucrio salviastri-Cytisetum oromediterranei. This is an association endemic from the Estrelensean territories, siliceous, hyperhumid to ultrahyperhumid, present in supra-orotemperate territories with evident Mediterranean influence.

In this paper we present the results of a geobotanical study carried out on the communities of Cytisus oromediterraneus and Genista cinerascens in Serra da Estrela, two species that in the Central Iberian Peninsula lead the associations Cytiso oromediterranei-Genistetum cinerascentis and Pteridio aquilini-Cytisetum oromediterranei. The prime objective was to describe their geographical and main ecological features, floristic structure and composition, as well as local dynamics. The sampling analyses were carried out using Braun–Blanquet’s methodology, and respective outcomes were studied using the phytosociological methodology, combined with a statistic analysis performed through the Vegana package. The results indicate that the Portuguese community of Cytisus oromediterraneus and Genista cinerascens represents a new association, that we called Teucrio salviastri-Cytisetum oromediterranei. This is an association endemic from the Estrelensean territories, siliceous, hyperhumid to ultrahyperhumid, present in supra-orotemperate territories with evident Mediterranean influence.

As result of several field trips following PhD researches in Marianic-Monchiquensean Sector, we describe a new broomland association named Genistetum triachanthi-polyanthi as a thermomediterranean, oceanic and sub-humid to humid, schistose association. The 26 relevés analysis, combining phytosociologic methodology with hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward's Hierarchical Clustering, based on Bray-Curtis distance) allowed the segregation of this Monchiquense association. Appearing as a regressive stage, or fringe, of secondary or edaphoxerophilous cork oak and, punctually, holm oak woodlands, it reveals a high sinecological value, in a wide variety of edaphoclimatic typologies, despite its poorest species number, since it includes restrict distribution taxa with high conservational value. At last, sintaxonomic issues are highlighted as these hyperxerophilous broomlands detach themselves easily from main Cytisetea scopario-striati diagnosis, being intermixed in contrasting ecological diagnosis, with major frequency of Calluno vulgaris-Ulicetea minoris elements, under extremely different edaphoclimatic envelopes, different landscapes and serial dynamics.

O Livro Verde dos Montados apresenta diversos objectivos que se interligam: Em primeiro lugar, o Livro Verde pretende reunir e sistematizar, de uma forma simples e acessível ao público, o conhecimento produzido em Portugal pelos investigadores e técnicos de várias instituições de investigação ou de gestão que estudam o Montado. Assume-se como uma oportunidade de caracterizar o sistema tendo em conta as suas várias dimensões, identificando as principais ameaças à sua preservação assim como os caminhos que podem ajudar à sua sustentabilidade. Não sendo um documento científico, baseia-se no conhecimento científico e pretende constituir a base para uma plataforma de organização, tanto dos investigadores como do conhecimento científico actualmente produzido em Portugal sobre o Montado.Em segundo lugar, o Livro Verde deverá contribuir para um entendimento partilhado do que é o Montado, por parte do público, de técnicos e de especialistas, conduzindo a uma classificação mais clara do que pode ser considerado Montado e de quais os tipos distintos de Montados que podem ser identificados. Em terceiro lugar, o Livro Verde estabelece as bases para uma estratégia coordenada de disponibilização de informação sobre o sistema Montado, visando o seu conhecimento, apreciação e valorização pela sociedade portuguesa no seu conjunto. Deste modo, o Livro Verde poderá constituir um instrumento congregador e inspirador para a realização de acções de sensibilização e informação sobre o Montado. Em quarto lugar, pretende-se que o Livro Verde contribua para um maior reconhecimento e valorização do Montado como sistema, a nível do desenho das políticas nacionais por parte dos vários sectores envolvidos.Finalmente, o Livro Verde constituirá um documento parceiro do Livro Verde das Dehesas, produzido em Espanha em 2010, de forma a reforçar o reconhecimento e a devida valorização destes sistemas silvo-pastoris no desenho das estratégias e políticas relevantes pelas instituições europeias. Em suma, os autores pretendem que o Livro Verde dos Montados se afirme como o primeiro passo para uma efectiva definição e implementação de uma estratégia nacional para os Montados.

This paper re-examines the Rhamno-Prunetea class in the centre and south of the Iberian Peninsula, especially in Andalusia. The paper also deals with the alliances Pruno-Rubion ulmifolii Lonicero-Berberidion hispanicae in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, and Berberidion vulgaris (Berberidenion seroi) in the area of Cuenca. Our analysis of 225 relevés arranged in 22 phytosociological tables helped us to re-organize the available information and subsequently propose three associations and two subassociations: Clematido vitalbae-Rosetum micranthae nova; Berberido hispanicae- Buxetum sempervirentis nova; Roso siculae-Berberidetum hispanicae Mota nova subas. prunetosum ramburii Mota nova; Lonicero arboreae-Rhamnetum cathartici Martínez-Parras and Molero 1983 subas. prunetosum ranburii nova. As a result of the study, a total of 18 syntaxa with the rank of association and four with the rank of subassociation are proposed for the south of the Iberian Peninsula.

The statistical and phytosociological study of 255 relevés taken in the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula and made up of our own samples and previous publications reveals how close these relevés, previously ascribed to different syntaxa, really are. Our re-arrangement of the data leads us to propose for the territory the 15 associations already published and three new ones, namely: Genisto floridae-Adenocarpetum argyrophylli ass. nova hoc loco, Cytisetum bourgaei- eriocarpi nova, Lavandulo viridis-Cytisetum striati ass. nova hoc. loco. We also suggest a name correction, Adenocarpo anisochili-Cytisetum scoparii J.C. Costa et al. 2000 corr., and a status change, namely, Ulici latebracteati- Cytisetum striati (Costa et al. 2000) status novo.

As result of several field trips following doctoral research in Marianic-Monchiquensean Sector, we describe a new heathland named Lavandulo viridis-Ericetum lusitanici ass nova hoc loco (Genistion micrantho-anglicae, Rivas- Martínez 1979) as a thermomediterranean to lower mesomediterranean, upper dry to humid, schistose association. The analysis of 11 relevés, following Braun-Blanquet methodology shows the floristic identity of this new association as well as the chorological segregation of its area of occurrence. Finally, despite these communities already being relatively well known and although they are poor in species number, such heathlands show floristic singularity and own sinecology, with a large and distinct geographical area of distribution, so we emphasized its integration within Atlantic wet heaths priority habitat (⁄4020 – Annex B-I from Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992).

Após uma breve introdução, onde se enquadra o território em análise, tecem-se algumas considerações sobre a originalidade geobotânica destas superfícies, indicando ainda as principais metodologias seguidas ao nível da geografia, geologia, geomorfologia, pedologia, biogeografia e bioclimatologia. Posteriormente apresentam-se os principais resultados, onde merecem especial destaque alguns elementos florísticos, com estatuto de raridade e endemicidade, o coberto vegetal existente e os principais habitats presentes que integram o Anexo I da Directiva 92/43/EEC de 21 de Maio de 1992, nomeadamente os prioritários, assim como os mais representativos destas áreas. Por último, esboça-se, na conclusão, algumas considerações sobre os traços fisionómicos da paisagem vegetal destes territórios.