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Abstract Reference genomes of cattle and sheep have lacked contiguous assemblies of the sex-determining Y chromosome. Here, we assemble complete and gapless telomere to telomere (T2T) Y chromosomes for these species. We find that the pseudo-autosomal regions are similar in length, but the total chromosome size is substantially different, with the cattle Y more than twice the length of the sheep Y. The length disparity is accounted for by expanded ampliconic region in cattle. The genic amplification in cattle contrasts with pseudogenization in sheep suggesting opposite evolutionary mechanisms since their divergence 19MYA. The centromeres also differ dramatically despite the close relationship between these species at the overall genome sequence level. These Y chromosomes have been added to the current reference assemblies in GenBank opening new opportunities for the study of evolution and variation while supporting efforts to improve sustainability in these important livestock species that generally use sire-driven genetic improvement strategies.

Coffee fruit cascara, which is the skin and pulp of the coffee cherry, has been authorized as a novel food for commercialization in the European Union. The present research assessed the feasibility of using spray drying to produce a soluble powder called instant cascara (IC), employing sun-dried ripe coffee cherry pulp as a raw material. Although there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the overall antioxidant capacity between the freeze-dried and spray-dried samples, after an in vitro simulation of the digestion process, the spray-dried sample was significantly (p < 0.05) more antioxidant. Both samples reduced physiological intracellular ROS and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the secretion of the pro-inflammatory factor NO. Alkaloids and phenolic compounds were detected in intestinal digests. In conclusion, spray drying is a good technique for producing IC as its use does not affect its properties and causes less environmental impact than freeze drying, as calculated by life cycle assessment. Sensory analysis did not show significant differences between the commercial beverage and the IC beverage in the adult population. IC at 10 mg/mL was significantly less accepted in adolescents than the commercial beverage. Future work will include the reformulation of the IC beverage at 10 mg/mL, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, to increase its hedonic acceptance in all consumer segments.

Introducción. Dentro de las infecciones bacterianas que afectan al ser humano, la infección de las vías urinarias es una de las más frecuentes, afectando hasta 150 millones de personas en el mundo cada año. El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos y su manejo inadecuado han generado un aumento en la resistencia antimicrobiana. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir patrones fenotípicos de resistencia antimicrobiana de los microorganismos más frecuentes en pacientes con diagnóstico de infección de vías urinarias en centro de referencia de Bucaramanga. Metodología. Estudio de corte transversal, muestreo no probabilístico en pacientes con sospecha o diagnóstico de infecciones de vías urinarias que requirieron manejo intrahospitalario en una institución de salud de alta complejidad durante julio del 2017 y abril del 2018, de quienes se obtuvo urocultivo y antibiograma. Resultados. De 120 pacientes incluidos, se obtuvo un reporte de 116 urocultivos. El microorganismo más frecuente fue Escherichia coli, seguido de Klebsiella pneumoniae. El primero presentó alta sensibilidad a carbapenémicos y aminoglucósidos, baja sensibilidad a la Ceftriaxona y a la Ampicilina/Sulbactam. Por otro lado, el microorganismo Klebsiella pneumoniae presentó alta sensibilidad a carbapenémicos, pero resistencia elevada a la Ampicilina/Sulbactam y a la Ceftriaxona. El antibiótico empírico más utilizado fue la Ceftriaxona. Discusión. La distribución de microorganismos aislados es comparable con la ya descrita a nivel nacional e internacional. Los perfiles de resistencia antimicrobiana tienen puntos comunes como la resistencia a los betalactámicos, pero difieren en algunos aspectos, como la resistencia a cefalosporinas y quinolonas. Conclusiones. Los microorganismos aislados presentan altas tasas de resistencia a los betalactámicos y a las cefalosporinas, las cuales son ampliamente utilizadas. Esta información debe orientar el desarrollo de protocolos que permitan optimizar la toma de decisiones clínicas con respecto a la terapia antibiótica. Cómo citar. Delgado-Serrano J, Albarracín MJ, Rangel-Vera JA, Galeano-Salazar E, Niño-Vargas D, Wilches-Cuadros MA, Et al. Perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos bacterianos en pacientes con infección urinaria de un centro de referencia en Bucaramanga. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3):405-413. Doi: doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3950 Introduction. Among the bacterial infections that affect human beings, urinary tract infections are one of the most common, affecting up to 150 million people worldwide each year. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics and their improper handling has generated an increase in microbial resistance. This study’s objective is to describe the phenotypic patterns of antimicrobial resistance of the most frequent microorganisms in patients with urinary tract infection diagnoses in a reference center in Bucaramanga. Methodology. A cross-sectional study with non probability sampling on patients with suspected or diagnosed urinary tract infections who required hospital treatment at a high-complexity health institution during July, 2017 and April, 2018, from whom urine cultures and antibiograms were obtained. Results. Out of 120 patients, a report was obtained for 116 urine cultures. The most frequent microorganism was Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The former presented high sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics and aminoglycosides and low sensitivity to Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin/Sulbactam. On the other hand, the microorganism Klebsiella pneumoniae presented high sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics, but elevated resistance to Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin/Sulbactam. The empiric antibiotic used most was Ceftriaxone. Discussion. The distribution of isolated microorganisms is comparable to that which has been described nationally and internationally. Antimicrobial resistance profiles have points in common, such as resistance to beta-lactams, but differ in some aspects, such as resistance to cephalosporins and quinolones. Conclusions. Isolated microorganisms present high rates of resistance to beta-lactams and cephalosporins, which are widely used. This information must guide developing protocols that allow optimizing clinical decision-making with respect to antibiotic therapy. Cómo citar. Delgado-Serrano J, Albarracín MJ, Rangel-Vera JA, Galeano-Salazar E, Niño-Vargas D, Wilches-Cuadros MA, Et al. Perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos bacterianos en pacientes con infección urinaria de un centro de referencia en Bucaramanga. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3):414-422. Doi: doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3950 Introdução. Dentre as infecções bacterianas que afetam o homem, a infecção do trato urinário é uma das mais frequentes, afetando até 150 milhões de pessoas no mundo a cada ano. O uso indiscriminado de antibióticos e seu manejo inadequado têm gerado aumento da resistência antimicrobiana. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever padrões fenotípicos de resistência antimicrobiana dos microrganismos mais frequentes em pacientes com diagnóstico de infecção do trato urinário em um centro de referência em Bucaramanga. Métodos. Estudo transversal, com amostra não probabilística, em pacientes com suspeita ou diagnóstico de ITU que precisaram de manejo intra-hospitalar em uma instituição de saúde de alta complexidade no período de julho de 2017 a abril de 2018. Foram obtidos urocultura e antibiograma desses pacientes. Resultados. De 120 pacientes incluídos, foi obtido um relatório de 116 uroculturas. O microrganismo mais frequente foi Escherichia coli, seguido por Klebsiella pneumoniae. O primeiro apresentou alta sensibilidade a carbapenêmicos e aminoglicosídeos e baixa sensibilidade a Ceftriaxona e a Ampicilina/Sulbactam. Por outro lado, o microrganismo Klebsiella pneumoniae apresentou alta sensibilidade a carbapenêmicos, mas alta resistência a Ampicilina/Sulbactam e a Ceftriaxona. O antibiótico empírico mais amplamente utilizado foi a Ceftriaxona. Discussão. A distribuição dos microrganismos isolados é comparável àquela já descrita a nível nacional e internacional. Os perfis de resistência antimicrobiana têm pontos comuns como resistência aos beta-lactâmicos, mas diferem em alguns aspectos, como resistência às cefalosporinas e quinolonas. Conclusão. Microrganismos isolados apresentam altas taxas de resistência aos beta-lactâmicos e cefalosporinas, que são amplamente utilizados. Esta informação deve nortear o desenvolvimento de protocolos que permitam otimizar a tomada de decisão clínica em relação à antibioticoterapia. Cómo citar. Delgado-Serrano J, Albarracín MJ, Rangel-Vera JA, Galeano-Salazar E, Niño-Vargas D, Wilches-Cuadros MA, Et al. Perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos bacterianos en pacientes con infección urinaria de un centro de referencia en Bucaramanga. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3):405-413. Doi: doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3950

Different studies report a significant prevalence of eating disorders in high sports performance, but the reasons for such prevalence have not been studied in detail.

Review

This article studies the French booksellers Juan and José Orcel and their bookshop in Madrid during the second half of the 18th-Century. Throughout the analysis of their book advertisements in newspapers, their activity as book importers for the Royal Academy of San Fernando and their correspondence with the Count of Águila, this study shows how this European bookshop played a key role not only in the Spanish book trade but also in the transmission and circulation of new Enlightened ideas and reforms during the 18th century.

El área de psicología de la Federación Madrileña de Deportes de Invierno organizó 5 jornadas de tecnificación: esquí alpino, mushing, 2 de patinaje sobre hielo y 1 de hockey hielo. En un total de 15 sesiones entre 1-2 horas de duración se llevó a cabo una planificación coordinada con los entrenadores y vocales de cada deporte, con el fin de favorecer un trabajo integrado que tuviera aplicabilidad en sus entrenamientos durante las jornadas. Se pudo ver que esta forma de trabajo conjunto favorece la comunicación del equipo técnico interdisciplinar que tendrá como consecuencia una formación más completa del deportista. Además, el entrenamiento en habilidades psicológicas (como la orientación motivacional y la gestión de pensamientos) forma un conjunto coherente dentro del entrenamiento y junto al contexto de reflexión, autoconocimiento y debate establecido durante las sesiones, permitió ampliar las formas de enfrentarse a su deporte, tanto en entrenamientos como en competiciones.

Lactation is physiologically demanding, requiring increased nutrient and energy use. Mammary and extramammary tissues undergo metabolic changes for lactation. Although it has long been recognized that mitochondria play a critical role in lactation, the mitochondrial adaptations for milk synthesis in supporting tissues, such as liver and skeletal muscle are relatively understudied. In this study, we assessed the mitochondrial function in these tissues across lactation in dairy cattle. Tissue biopsies were taken at 8 ± 2 d (early, n = 11), 75 ± 4 d (peak, n = 11) and 199 ± 6 d (late, n = 11) in milk. Early lactation biopsies were harvested from one group of cows and the peak and late biopsies from a second cohort. Milk yield (MY) was recorded at each milking and milk samples were collected for composition analysis. Mitochondrial efficiency was quantified as the respiratory control ratio (RCR), comparing maximal to resting respiration rates. Liver complex II RCR was positively associated with MY. Liver ROS emission increased across lactation whereas liver antioxidant activity was similar across lactation. No change was detected in skeletal muscle RCR or ROS emission, but muscle GPx activity decreased across lactation and muscle SOD was negatively associated with MY. Muscle oxidative damage was elevated at early and late lactation. Across lactation, genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis were upregulated in the liver. Our results indicate that during lactation, liver mitochondrial biogenesis and efficiency are increased, which is associated with greater milk yield. In contrast, the mitochondrial efficiency in skeletal muscle remains consistent across lactation, but undergoes oxidative damage, which is associated with reduced antioxidant activity.

Despite its presence in English literature since the 16th century, the figure of the «scold» as a female transgressor has received scarce critical attention, particularly during the 18th century. Thus, this article seeks to explore first of all, the use of the terms «scold» and «scolding» and the representation of this female transgression in the British periodical press of the period. Secondly, it will analyse the presence and representation of this transgressive figure in the Spanish press. In so doing, we will demonstrate that the censorship and punishment of this type of behaviour were not merely seen as «sins of the tongue» but constituted an attempt to suppress the female voice and to restore the traditional social and gender order.

In the present article, I ask about the principal representations of infant caregiving as a problem of public policy present in official documents and in the current rhetoric of Ecuadorian state functionaries. I use a deliberative focus for the analysis of public policies and argue that these representations are characterized by the ambivalence between visions that consider women as principally responsible for caregiving and that position the state and the market as protagonists as well. Elements are joined that could favor changes in traditional representations, as the inclusion in discourse of co-responsibility and in practice of the professionalization of caregiving. This article makes evident that infant caregiving is a complex category and in political dispute, whose forms of representation have the capacity of producing specific subjectivities that are marked by aspects such as gender and class.

Native Populus tremula L. populations at the south-western limit of the species’ range are threatened by the anthropic reduction of their habitats and by climate change. In these areas, P. tremula forms small and multiclonal populations. Knowledge of the structures and dynamics of these populations is essential to design effective conservation programs. The clonal spatial and ramet age distributions of three natural populations in north-western Spain were studied. Trees with diameter > 3 cm at breast height were mapped and their age identified. Multilocus genotypes based on 11 isoenzymatic loci were obtained for a sample of 90-106 evenly distributed trees per population. Clonal assignment of the remaining trees in each stand was interpolated using geostatistical methods. All three stands were multiclonal, with higher clonal diversity than that reported in northern populations, and no genotype was detected in more than one stand. Most clones exhibited aggregated distributions, but some scattered clones were also found. The clonal structures of the stands are consistent with the hypothesis that recruitment is absent inside the stand. A combined analysis of ages and genotypes revealed cycles of regrowth in which each clone experienced varying degrees of success in generating new ramets. These degrees of success could be the consequence of varying abilities for vegetative propagation among genotypes. Geostatistical interpolation can be a useful tool for the elaboration of clonal maps, thus reducing the costs of sampling and genotyping, but further research is needed to define the optimum scale of sampling for accurate clonal assignment. For P. tremula conservation programs based on clonal material, small plantations with relatively few clones (approximately 10) provide an appropriate strategy if the metapopulation is maintained at a sufficient level of diversity. The set of clones used for plantations and ex-situ collections should consider both the most abundant and the least frequent clones to avoid a biased selection.

Se analizó la ultraestructura de embriones bovinos producidos in vitro durante su desarrollo temprano y tardío, mediante la técnica de microscopia electrónica de transmisión (MET). Los complejos cúmulus-ovocitos fueron aspirados de vacas sacrificadas en mataderos comerciales del estado Zulia y madurados, fecundados y cultivados in vitro. Luego de 24 horas (periodo temprano) y 48 horas (periodo tardío) de post inseminación, los embriones resultantes se fijaron en glutaraldehído y se procesaron para MET. Se observó la presencia de estructuras celulares como el aparato de Golgi, el núcleo, microvellosidades, la zona pelúcida y vacuolas citoplasmáticas de apariencia normal. Sin embargo, a nivel de las mitocondrias se encontró aumento en el porcentaje de mitocondrias vacuoladas y de mitocondrias edematizadas. Estas alteraciones mitocondriales se observaron mayormente en los embriones durante el periodo tardío. Estos hallazgos pudiesen tener relevancia en el retraso del desarrollo de los embriones obtenidos por el método in vitro durante el periodo tardío.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de la duración de la maduración in vitro de ovocitos bovinos sobre la progresión meiótica. Para ello se utilizaron complejos ovocito cumulus (COC) obtenidos a partir de ovarios de hembras sacrificadas y colocados a madurar en medio TCM 199 suplementado con 10 μg/mL de FSH (Folltropin-V ®), 1 μg/mL 17 _ estradiol, 50 ng/mL de factor de crecimiento epidermal y 10% de suero fetal bovino, a 38,5°C en una atmósfera con 5% de CO2 en aire saturado de humedad, durante 23 a 27 horas. Los ovocitos fueron despojados de las células del cumulus y fijados en una solución de metanol: ácido acético (3:1) y teñidos con aceto- orceína (1,1%) para evaluar la progresión meiótica. Tras 23 horas de cultivo, la tasa de maduración ovocitaria alcanzó un 59,71%, valor que se elevó hasta un 83% a las 26 horas de cultivo, disminuyendo luego a un 56,25% a las 27h. La proporción de ovocitos degenerados tras el cultivo in vitro también se incrementó con el aumento en la duración de la maduración ovocitaria de un 0% a las 23 horas hasta un 10,41% a las 27 horas. En este estudio, se encontró que la competencia para el desarrollo de ovocitos bovinos se ve afectada por la duración de la maduración in vitro.

Con el objetivo de comparar la eficiencia de dos tratamientos del anestro post-parto a los 90 días (control, inyección i.m. de 10 cc de solución fisiológica estéril; SMB + PMSG, implante por 9 días con 1000 u.i de PMSG; y VFL, inyección i.m. de Vitaminas A, D3 y E, fósforo inorgánico y levamisol), 113 vacas (control = 46, SMB + PMSG = 32, VFL = 35) mestizas en anestro fueron adjudicadas aleatoriamente a algunos de los tratamientos indicados. Se midieron los efectos de la época del año (E), sistema de producción (SP), Producción Acumulada hasta los 100 días de lactancia (PA), número de partos (NP), sexo de la cría (SC), condición corporal (CC) y Raza (R), sobre parámetros reproductivos como porcentaje de ciclicidad post-tratamiento (PCPT), intervalo parto-celo (IPARCE), intervalo parto-concepción (IPARCO), porcentaje de vacas en anestro orgánico [PVAO) y tasa de concepción - .- (TC). Se encontró que el PCPT fue de 43.48%, 34.29% y 81.25% en el Control, VFL y SMB + PMSG, respectivamente (P < 0.001). La TC fue de 45.45%, 50.0% y 28.13% para el C, VFL y SMB + PMSG (P > 0.05). El IPARCE fue menor (89.21 días) en vacas tratadas entre diciembre y febrero (P < 0.05) en relación a las otras épocas estudiadas. El IPARCE fue acortado en cinco días aproximadamente por efecto del SP mejorado (P < 0.05). El IPARCO mostró diferencias (P < 0.05) entre la época diciembre - febrero y junio - agosto (84.2 vs. 111.78 días respectivamente). El SP no mostró efecto alguno sobre el IPARCO. Los factores PA, NP, SC, CC y R. no mostraron efectos significativos sobre los parámetros reproductivos estudiados (P > 0.05). El SMB + PMSG constituye una alternativa terapéutica exitosa para el anestro post-parto. Sin embargo, SP y E afectaron la efectividad de los tratamientos. Â

Mediante la ultrasonografía se evaluó, tres veces por semana, el desarrollo folicular del primer ciclo estrual postparto de 6 vacas y un ciclo estrual de 9 novillas mestizas. El patrón de crecimiento folicular, características del cuerpo lúteo (CL) y niveles de progesterona (P4), se estudiaron en cada caso. La investigación se realizó en la Hacienda La Esperanza de La Universidad del Zulia, Estado Zulia, Venezuela, ubicada en una zona de bosque seco tropical, con temperatura media y precipitación anual de 28°C y 996 mm, respectivamente. Durante el período postparto se observaron en promedio 2.83 ondas foliculares; el primer folículo dominante (FD) y el folículo ovulatorio (FO) de este período se detectaron a los 18.1 y 30.5 días, respectivamente, y el FO alcanzó una talla máxima de 12.7 mm a los 35 días postparto. Durante el ciclo estrual se detectó un patrón predominante de 2 ondas foliculares en el 67 % de las vacas y 78 % de las novillas. En las vacas, el FD alcanzó un diámetro de 11 .9 mm el día 8.5 y el FO 12.1 mm el día 21.3, mientras que en las novillas el FD obtuvo una talla máxima de 9.8 mm el día 12.3 y el FO 11.8 mm el día 20.7. El CL alcanzó un diámetro máximo de 1.8 y 1.9 cm en vacas y novillas, respectivamente. El promedio de P4 durante el diestro fue 0.89 ng/ml en vacas, y 2.7 ng/ml en novillas. La correlación entre la talla del CL y la concentración de P4 durante el ciclo estrual fue 0.48 (P Ë‚. 07) en vacas y 0.28 (P Ë‚. 04) en novillas. El desarrollo folicular y luteal resultaron comparativamente más similares a los reportados en cebuinos.

Se estudió el efecto del cadmio sobre la maduración in vitro de ovocitos bovinos. Ovocitos recuperados a partir de ovarios bovinos recolectados en matadero y liberados mediante la técnica de slicing fueron madurados en TCM199 durante 24 h a 38,5°C en una atmósfera con 5% CO2 en aire saturado de humedad, en presencia de 0, 1, 5 y 10 ppm de cloruro de cadmio. Al finalizar el cultivo, los ovocitos fueron fijados en etanol:ácido acético (3/1 v/v) a 4°C durante al menos 24 h para luego teñirlos con aceto-orceína al 1,1%, para evaluar el estadio nuclear bajo microscopio óptico. El ANOVA demostró que el cadmio causa un bloqueo meiótico significativo (F = 150,996; PÂ < 0,01) e induce degeneración ovocitaria (F = 89,92; P < 0,01) de manera dependiente de la concentración. El porcentaje de ovocitos que alcanzaron el estadio de MII fue superior en el grupo control (P < 0,01) en comparación con los expuestos al metal a las diferentes concentraciones estudiadas. Se establece una correlación inversa altamente significativa entre el porcentaje de ovocitos madurados y la concentración del metal en el medio (r = 0,818; P < 0,01), mientras que el porcentaje de ovocitos degenerados muestra una correlación directa altamente significativa (r = 0,842; P < 0,01). Además se apreciaron aberraciones cromosómicas tales como: picnosis, stekinesis y puentes anafásicos. Se demostró el efecto deletéreo del cadmio sobre los ovocitos bovinos, reflejado en un bloqueo de la maduración in vitro, la inducción de degeneración y aberraciones cromosómicas.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de desarrollo in vitro de ovocitos bovinos de vacas mestizas B. taurus y B. indicus. Los ovocitos fueron recuperados de ovarios de hembras bovinas provenientes de un matadero comercial. Para la obtención de los complejos cumulus-ovocitos (CCO) se realizó la técnica de slicing, seleccionando los ovocitos que tenían al menos una capa de células del cumulus y un citoplasma homogéneo. Los ovocitos seleccionados fueron madurados y fecundados in vitro (MIV-FIV). Se utilizó semen de un toro Brahman puro (B. indicus). Para la evaluación de la MIV y FIV todos los ovocitos se fijaron por al menos 24 h a 4°C en solución metanol-ácido acético (3:1) y teñidos con aceto-orceína al 1,1%. La tasa de maduración de ovocitos de vacas con predominancia fenotípica B. indicus fue del 66,17% mientras que las vacas con predominancia fenotípica B. taurus alcanzaron un 50,94% (P>0,05). En cuanto a la tasa de fecundación se obtuvo un 14,28 y 35,72% de ovocitos penetrados normalmente y anormales, respectivamente, para el grupo de ovocitos con predominancia fenotípica B. indicus. Mientras que para vacas con predominancia fenotípica B. taurus, un 10,22% correspondió a ovocitos penetrados normales y 19,31% de ovocitos penetrados anormales, sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ambos grupos. Los presentes resultados, tanto para la progresión meiótica como para las tasas de fecundación, indican que los ovocitos de vacas mestizas con predominancia fenotípica B. indicus son más competentes en las primeras etapas de desarrollo in vitro que los ovocitos de vacas mestizas con predominancia fenotípica B. taurus.

The complement receptor gC1qR/p33, which recognizes the globular heads of C1q, is a multicompartmental and multifunctional protein and has been shown to play a role in reproduction in humans. The objective of this research was to determine the gC1qR distribution and expression on plasma membrane in bovine sperm before and after heparin treatment. Thus, capacitation of sperm derived from frozen-thawed bovine semen was induced through heparin incubation and its effectiveness was assessed with a CTC stain. Subsequently, indirect immunofluorescence assays were conducted with mAb (60.11, anti-gC1qR) to assess gC1qR distribution and expression. Data analysis demonstrated that gC1qR is expressed on the plasma membrane of bovine sperm. gC1qR showed a capacitation-related redistribution, migrating to the acrosome region: 175 sperm in heparin-incubated aliquots vs. 109 in control (P

La vitrificación de ovocitos bovinos se ha venido utilizando como uno de los protocolos de criopreservación más prometedores. Se ha expresado el temor por los efectos que puede causar la utilización de aditivos crioprotectores sobre la integridad estructural de los ovocitos. En este trabajo, los experimentos fueron conducidos para evaluar el efecto de la vitrificación sobre la estructura del huso meiótico y la capacidad de desarrollo de ovocitos bovinos. Para ello, ovocitos acabados de liberar de sus folículos y madurados in vitro fueron expuestos a temperatura ambiente a las soluciones vitrificadoras (etilenglicol y sacarosa), también fueron vitrificados ovocitos inmaduros y madurados in vitro. Los ovocitos fueron teñidos in toto, para evaluar la maduración nuclear y a través de la tinción inmunocitoquímica fueron estudiadas las alteraciones estructurales del huso meiótico. Los ovocitos en estadio de VG, son más sensibles al efecto tóxico causado por los agentes crioprotectores a temperatura ambiente y al proceso de criopreservación, valorados mediante la progresión meiótica y el análisis inmunocitoquímico del huso meiótico. La anomalía más frecuentemente observada fue la ausencia de huso meiótico. La estructura del huso meiótico de ovocitos vitrificados MIV, es más resistentes al daño crioinducido, que los ovocitos vitrificados en estadio de VG. Se recomienda la vitrificación de ovocitos bovinos madurados in vitro

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Contents. The zona pellucida (ZP) surface features of ovulated, inmature and in-vitro-matured goat oocytes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro maturation (IVM) process of the ZP surface of oocytes from prepubertal and adult goats were also compared. Ovulated oocytes were collected from superovulated adult goats. Immature oocytes were recovered from slaughterhouse ovaries of prepubertal and adult goats. In-vitro-matured oocytes from adult and prepubertal goats were obtained after culture in TCM199 supplemented with 20% oestrous goat serum + 10 μg/ml FSH + 10 μg/ml LH + 1 μg/ml estradiol 17β for 27 h at 38.5°C in 5% CO[sub 2] in air. All oocytes were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. Before IVM, the ZP surface of immature oocytes showed a rough surface with tight holes (Type I ZP). After the maturation process, the ZP surface acquired a lattice-like appearance with the outermost layer characterized by the presence of shallower large holes (Type II ZP). A higher percentage of oocytes showing the mature type II ZP surface was observed in ovulated than in in-vitro-matured oocytes (82.6 versus 56.7%, respectively, p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in ZP surface features when the IVM process of oocytes (immature and in-vitro-matured oocytes) from adult and prepubertal females was compared. These results show that the morphology of the ZP surface is related to the oocyte maturity in caprine. The IVM process gives rise to an adequate and similar development of the ZP surface in oocytes from adult and prepubertal goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of travel motives and regional tourism destinations on positive/negative engagement with a destination management organisation (DMO). According to previous literature, travel motives were classified as push and pull motives, and regional tourism destinations were classified by tourist demand behaviour. To achieve the objective, the totality of posts about regional tourism destinations published on the Brand Spain's Official Facebook Fanpage during a year were analysed (418), along with audience reactions (127,750), comments (3219) and shares to such posts. A content analysis was performed, with a regression analysis (optimal scaling) used to process data. Results show, on the one hand, that push-internal motivators (such as 'knowledge and seeing') and pull-external motivators (such as 'search for historic and cultural patrimonial') will predict positive engagement, and positive popularity, commitment and virality (the three dimensions of engagement). Tourism destination profiles (high versus low demand) are not a predictor of positive engagement with a DMO and its dimensions. On the other hand, these variables are not useful to predict negative engagement with a DMO and its dimensions. Negative popularity can only be predicted by pull motives. • Push-internal motivators predict positive engagement with a DMO and its dimensions. • Pull-external motivators predict positive engagement with a DMO and its dimensions. • Destinations with higher tourism demand do not predict higher positive engagement with a DMO. • The variables that predict positive engagement do not necessary predict negative engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the influence of time frames (posting day and posting time) and seasonality (low, medium and high) on positive/negative engagement in a Destination Management Organization (DMO) on Facebook. A content analysis was carried out on 639 posts, 178,913 audience reactions to such posts and 5330 comments. These posts were shared 45,194 times by the audience. The data analysis (regression analyses with optimal scaling) suggests that the best times to post are at 8 am , 10 am , 2 pm and 5 pm ; Thursday and Saturday are the best days to post, and the period before summer (from January to June) are the best months. These results have implications for DMOs and National Tourism Organisations (NTOs). • Posting time is the most potent predictor of engagement in the study. • Posting at 8 am, 10 am, 2 pm. and 5 pm increases positive engagement. • Posting on Thursday and Saturday increases positive engagement. • Posting before tourism high season increases positive engagement. • It is very relevant to positive engagement to post from January to June. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]