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10. Pricing Shared-Appreciation Mortgages

Author

Dougherty, A., Van Order, R., and Villani, K.

Subjects
Mortgages -- Finance, Business, Construction and materials industries
Published
1982

13. Impact of operation mode and design on the energy efficiency of waste combustion plants

Author

Johan De Greef, Hans Van Belle, Villani, K., Svend Bram, Francesco Contino, Industrial Sciences and Technology, Engineering Technology, and Applied Mechanics

Subjects
efficiency, Combustion, waste, WtE
Abstract

As climate issues are gaining urgency worldwide, focus is set on reducing industrial carbon footprints through fossil fuel replacement and energetic optimization of processes. This paper contains results of a study on technical options to attain a higher energetic efficiency from Waste-to-Energy (WtE) boiler & steam cycles. The aim of the study is to determine the available margins for energetic optimization of WtE plants, taking into account the particular constraints of a waste combustion process. The impacts of distinct process variables are quantified and compared. These variables include a.o. temperatures, pressures, process ratios and recycling rates, as typically applied to flows of combustion air, flue gas, steam and condensate. A few selected cases are elaborated to illustrate the cumulative effect of technical choices during the design and the operation of WtE plants. Finally the results also enable the knowledgeable reader to determine an indicative value for R1.

14. Auswirkungen der Auslegung und Betriebsweise von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen auf die Energieeffizienz

Author

Johan De Greef, Hans Van Belle, Villani, K., Svend Bram, Francesco Contino, Toegepaste Mechanica, Industriële Ingenieurswetenschappen, and Verbranding en Robuuste Optimalisatie

Subjects
power, efficiency, waste, WtE, energy
Abstract

Aufgrund der weltweit wachsenden Klimaproblematik werden auf die Reduzierung der industriellen CO2-Bilanz durch den Ersatz von fossilen Brennstoffen und die energetische Prozessoptimierung Schwerpunkte gesetzt. Diese Arbeit beinhaltet die Ergebnisse einer Studie über die technischen Möglichkeiten zur Erreichung einer höheren Energieeffizienz der Dampferzeuger und Dampfkreise von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen (MVA). Ziel der Studie ist die Bestimmung der verfügbaren Möglichkeiten zur energetischen Optimierung von MVAs unter Berücksichtung der spezifischen Grenzen des Abfallverbrennungsprozesses. Die Auswirkungen von bestimmten Prozessvariablen werden quantitativ bestimmt und verglichen. Diese Variablen umfassen unter anderem Temperaturen, Drücke, Prozessverhältnisse und Umwandlungs-Raten, wie sie typischerweise bei Verbrennungsluft, Abgas-, Dampf- und Kondensatströmen angewendet werden. Anhand der Erarbeitung einiger ausgesuchter Fälle wird der kumulative Effekt der bei der Konstruktion und dem Betrieb von MVA getroffenen technischen Entscheidungen und Auslegungen aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse ermöglichen dem sachkundigen Leser die Bestimmung eines R1-Richtwertes.

16. Modeling of NO x adsorption–desorption–reduction cycles on a ruthenium loaded Na–Y zeolite

Author

Labaki, M., Issa, M., Smeekens, S., Heylen, S., Kirschhock, C.E.A., Villani, K., Jeguirim, M., Habermacher, D., Brilhac, J.F., and Martens, J.A.

Subjects
*ZEOLITE catalysts, *RUTHENIUM, *GAS absorption & adsorption, *NITRIC oxide, *CHEMICAL kinetics, *TEMPERATURE effect, *OXIDATION-reduction reaction, *HYDROGEN
Abstract

Abstract: Adsorption of NO from a gas stream containing oxygen and water and desorption and reduction using a rich gas mixture were investigated in the temperature range 230–315°C on Na–Y zeolite loaded with 3wt.% ruthenium. The NO x storage capacity was found little dependent on temperature and water content of the gas. The adsorption–desorption–reduction process was modeled using a one-dimensional fixed-bed model and assuming co-adsorption of NO and NO2 molecules on Na–Y zeolite, ruthenium catalyzed NO into NO2 oxidation by molecular oxygen during adsorption and ruthenium catalyzed NO x reduction by hydrogen during desorption. Kinetic constants were estimated through data fitting. An acceptable agreement between experimental and calculated values was obtained. NO x adsorption and desorption kinetics on Na–Y zeolite with and without ruthenium were substantially different revealing that ruthenium besides catalyzing NO x oxidation and reduction had a drastic influence on the NO x adsorption sites of Na–Y zeolite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2010
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18. Platinum particle size and support effects in NO(x) mediated carbon oxidation over platinum catalysts.

Author

Villani K, Vermandel W, Smets K, Liang D, van Tendeloo G, and Martens JA

Subjects
Air Pollution prevention & control, Catalysis, Oxidation-Reduction, Particle Size, Porosity, Titanium, Carbon chemistry, Nitric Oxide chemistry, Platinum chemistry, Zeolites chemistry
Abstract

Platinum metal was dispersed on microporous, mesoporous, and nonporous support materials including the zeolites Na-Y, Ba-Y, Ferrierite, ZSM-22, ETS-10, and AIPO-11, alumina, and titania. The oxidation of carbon black loosely mixed with catalyst powder was monitored gravimetrically in a gas stream containing nitric oxide, oxygen, and water. The carbon oxidation activity of the catalysts was found to be uniquely related to the Pt dispersion and little influenced by support type. The optimum dispersion is around 3-4% corresponding to relatively large Pt particle sizes of 20-40 nm. The carbon oxidation activity reflects the NO oxidation activity of the platinum catalyst, which reaches an optimum in the 20-40 nm Pt particle size range. The lowest carbon oxidation temperatures were achieved with platinum loaded ZSM-22 and AIPO-11 zeolite crystallites bearing platinum of optimum dispersion on their external surfaces.

Published
2006
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