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2. Computational Fluid Dynamics Methodology to Estimate the Drag Coefficient of Balls in Rolling Element Bearings.

Author

Marchesse, Yann, Changenet, Christophe, and Ville, Fabrice

Subjects
COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics, DRAG coefficient, ROLLER bearings, ENERGY consumption, SYSTEMS design
Abstract

The emergence of electric vehicles has brought new issues such as the problem of rolling element bearings (REBs) operating at high speeds. Losses due to these components in mechanical transmissions are a key issue and must therefore be taken into account right from the design stage of these systems. Among these losses, the one induced by the motion of rolling elements, known as drag loss, becomes predominant in high-speed REBs. Although an experimental approach is still possible, it is difficult to isolate this loss in order to study it properly. A numerical approach based on CFD is therefore a possible way forward, even if other issues arise. The aim of this article is to study the ability of such an approach to correctly estimate the drag coefficient associated with the motion of rolling elements. The influence of the numerical domain extension, the mesh refinement, the simplification of the ring shape, and the presence of the cage on the values of the drag coefficient is presented. While it seems possible to compromise on the calculation domain and mesh size, it appears that the other parameters must be taken into account as much as possible to obtain realistic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Preliminary modelling of power losses in roller chain drive: application to single speed cycling

Author

Lanaspeze Gabriel, Guilbert Bérengère, Manin Lionel, and Ville Fabrice

Subjects
roller chain, kinematics, load calculation, efficiency, roller motion, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

A quasi-static chain drive model is proposed. This model, consistent with single speed cycling application, applies to simple two sprocket drives. The kinematics of the transmission is determined, including the capture and release positions of the rollers and the influence of the polygonal effect. The tensions into the links and the contact forces (between rollers and sprocket) are then calculated based on the results of the kinematic analysis. Both chain strands are assumed to be straight and their tension are considered as imposed. An estimate of the roller displacement is proposed using existing studies on the relationship between loading conditions and roller positions along the sprocket tooth profile. The presented model, is then used to assess the contribution of both meshing and roller motion on the global efficiency of the drive. Calculations show that the magnitude of both loss sources is similar for a wide range of gear ratios and loading conditions. According to the presented results, the relative motion between the rollers and the sprocket tooth profile should be considered in future studies dedicated to chain drive efficiency.

Published
2022
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18. ERRATUM

Author

Barday, Denis, primary, Fossier, Charlotte, additional, Changenet, Christophe, additional, Ville, Fabrice, additional, and Berier, Vincent, additional

Published
2019
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27. Large Elliptical EHL Contacts for Reducing Particle Entrapment

Author

Strubel, Vincent, Simoens, Serge, Fillot, Nicolas, Ville, Fabrice, Vergne, Philippe, Mondelin, Alexandre, Maheo, Yves, Devaux, Nicolas, Strubel, Vincent, Tribologie et Mécanique des Interfaces (TMI), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique (LMFA), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes Mécaniques et Contacts (SMC), SKF - Aerospace [Saint-Vallier], and SKF

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, [SPI.OTHER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other
Abstract

International audience; Rolling element bearings are keystones of mechanisms, because they are necessary for a proper operation, but remains also the Achilles heel of the system. If any external particle penetrates the contact, the contacting surfaces may suffer from indentation and become thus irreversibly damaged. Solutions must be proposed for reducing the particle entrapment probability. The authors in a past study showed that an ellipticity of the EHL contact perpendicular to the rolling direction leads to an important decrease of the particle entrapment due to more important backflows occurring in the lubricant. An experimental approach with a device combining a classical tribometer and a µ-Particle Image Velocimetry (µ-PIV) visualization system is here used to get measurements on the dynamics of suspended fluorescent particles. It enables an insight on the lubricant flow upstream from different elliptical contacts and allows to explain the drop in particle entrapment in large elliptical contacts.

Published
2016

31. Hybrid Rolling Element Bearings: a New Answer Facing the Problem of Debris Entrapment

Author

Strubel, Vincent, Fillot, Nicolas, Ville, Fabrice, Vergne, Philippe, Mondelin, Alexandre, Maheo, Yves, Strubel, Vincent, Tribologie et Mécanique des Interfaces (TMI), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes Mécaniques et Contacts (SMC), SKF - Aerospace [Saint-Vallier], and SKF

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Wear particle analysis, [SPI.OTHER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Ceramics materials, Ball bearings
Abstract

International audience; How can bearings run even faster and however stay reliable? This is the complex question that try to answermanufacturers using hybrid bearings with steel rings and ceramic rolling elements. Under extreme conditions, as forexample within an airplane turbofan, bearings need to be simultaneously efficient at high speeds and robust facing therecurrent problem of debris contamination. This study highlights the new perspectives, offered by the use in bearingsof such hybrid ceramic/steel couples. The work compares particle flow simulations that reveal particle entrapmenttendencies with experiments using contaminated lubricant that report effective debris entrapments. Thus it allows tounderline both the interesting abilities and the remaining issues of this technology.

Published
2015

32. Analysis of the Behaviour of Lubricated Mechanical Systems

Author

Ville, Fabrice, Ville, Fabrice, Systèmes Mécaniques et Contacts (SMC), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, INSA de Lyon, Eric JACQUELIN(eric.jacquelin@univ-lyon1.fr), Systèmes Mécaniques et Contacts ( SMC ), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] ( LaMCoS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
[ SPI.MECA.GEME ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], fatigue de contact, [PHYS.MECA.GEME] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.GEME]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], mechanical systems, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Rolling contact Fatigue, [ PHYS.MECA.GEME ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], systèmes mécaniques, power losses, tribology, lubrification, pertes de puissance, tribologie, [SPI.MECA.GEME] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], lubrication
Abstract

La plupart des mécanismes sont lubrifiés par une huile, une graisse ou plus simplement de l'air. Dans tous ces mécanismes, des pièces sont en contact, frottent, dissipent de l'énergie voire s'endommagent. Or les exigences de plus en plus fortes en terme de réduction des coûts et des masses ainsi qu'en accroissement des performances (puissances transmises de plus en plus élevées) nécessitent une bonne connaissance des conditions de fonctionnement et de contact afin d'améliorer les composants en terme de durée de vie et de réduction des puissances dissipées. C'est pourquoi je me suis intéressé à l'étude, l'analyse et la compréhension des phénomènes de fatigue de contact et de dissipation d'énergie dans les mécanismes lubrifiés. Par ailleurs, j'ai toujours privilégié une démarche dans laquelle expérience et modélisation sont fortement couplés. En effet, dans toutes les actions que j'ai menées, l'outil expérimental, bien souvent dédié, est venu en amont de l'étude pour analyser et comprendre le phénomène. Puis le développement théorique utilisant des outils développés par ailleurs ou par nos soins, a permis de donner des modèles simples, robustes et efficaces. Ces derniers ont toujours été validés expérimentalement, soit sur des dispositifs " modèles ", soit sur des dispositifs " réels ". Ce mémoire s'intitule : " Analyse du comportement des systèmes mécaniques lubrifiés ". Il fait état des activités de recherche que j'ai développées depuis bientôt une quinzaine d'années. Deux axes majeurs et complémentaires sont présentés et mis en perspectives : - l'amélioration et l'optimisation des composants mécaniques lubrifiés et en particulier sur l'analyse de leur tenue en fatigue de contact initiée en surface, - l'analyse et la réduction des pertes de puissance dans les transmissions par engrenages.

Published
2009

38. Detection of Gear Tooth Pitting Based on Transmission Error Measurements

Author

Ville Fabrice, Feki Nabih, Cavoret Jérôme, and Velex Philippe

Subjects
Rotary encoder, Vibration, Materials science, Gear tooth, Single stage, Simple (abstract algebra), Acoustics, Test rig, Experimental validation, human activities, health care economics and organizations, Transmission errors
Abstract

This paper deals with the experimental validation of the dynamic model of a single stage geared system representative of a back-to-back test rig. The validation relies on loaded transmission error (TE) measurements by using optical encoders which are compared with simulation results. The influence of tooth pitting on TE is highlighted and it is demonstrated that a simple pit model can reproduce the actual vibrations generated by such surface failures.

Published
2013

41. An analytical approach to tooth friction losses in spur and helical gears – Influence of profile modifications

Author

Velex, Philippe, Ville, Fabrice, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.GEME]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2009

42. Influence of Rolling Element Bearing Modeling on the Predicted Thermal Behavior of the FZG Test Rig.

Author

Neurouth, Adrien, Changenet, Christophe, Ville, Fabrice, and Octrue, Michel

Subjects
THERMOMECHANICAL properties of metals, SURFACE roughness, FRICTION, THERMAL analysis, SHAFTING machinery, FILM lubrication
Abstract

A thermomechanical model of the FZG test rig is presented. The numerical model is based on the thermal network method and takes into account power losses due to tooth friction, rolling element bearings (REBs), oil churning, and shaft seals. Some measurements underline that REB rings run at different temperatures. To investigate this difference, several REB models are proposed and compared to measurements. Their influence on the global thermal behavior of the gear unit is discussed and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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48. On the influence of helix angle and face width on gear windage losses.

Author

Voeltzel, Nicolas, Marchesse, Yann, Changenet, Christophe, Ville, Fabrice, and Velex, Philippe

Subjects
HELICAL gears, COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics, FRICTION losses
Abstract

This paper investigates the windage power losses generated by helical gears rotating in pure air based on experimental results and a computational fluid dynamic code. It is found that the simulated flow patterns are totally different from those calculated for spur gears and that both tooth face width and helix angle are influential. The windage losses derived from Dawson’s and Townsend’s formulae are critically assessed using computational fluid dynamic results thus highlighting the limits of a unique formulation for accurate windage loss prediction. Finally, an analytical approach is suggested which gives good results providing that the flow rates at the boundaries of the inter-tooth domains can be estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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50. Understanding white etching cracks in rolling element bearings: State of art and multiple driver transposition on a twin-disc machine

Author

Ruellan, Arnaud, Cavoret, Jérôme, Ville, Fabrice, Kleber, Xavier, and Liatard, Bernard

Abstract

Among the prevalent tribological failures affecting rolling element bearings, an unconventional rolling contact fatigue mode has been identified as white etching cracks. Those correspond to three-dimensional branching crack networks partially bordered by white etching microstructure, eventually leading to premature and unpredictable failure. Recent work supports that this failure mode may be associated with various combinations of operating conditions depending on the application or test rig, but that all seem to converge towards similar tribological drivers related to surface-affected hydrogen evolution at asperity scales, which is known to embrittle the bearing steel. Nevertheless, as white etching cracks remain delicate to reproduce without artificial hydrogen charging, the underlying formation mechanisms remain unsettled. The present work aims to better understand how some of the main tribomechanical and tribochemical drivers may trigger white etching cracks and premature failures. In this study drivers such as sliding kinematics, water contamination, and electrical potential and lubricant additives are progressively transposed on a twin-disc machine that provides an enhanced control of contact parameters. Various attempts advocate that the tested drivers are not self-sufficient to reproduce the failure mode in such apparatus, but confirm that specific lubricant additives may reduce the fatigue life by promoting surface-initiated embrittled cracking similar to white etching cracks. A local criterion accounting for the local sliding frictional power dissipation and the lubrication regime is further proposed to assess the risk of white etching cracks based on the analysis of various reproduction and occurrences.

Published
2017
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