1. Non-zero mean alpha oscillations revealed with computational model and empirical data.
- Author
-
Studenova, Alina A., Villringer, Arno, and Nikulin, Vadim V.
- Subjects
- *
ALPHA rhythm , *HARMONIC oscillators , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *OSCILLATIONS , *DENDRITES , *AMPLITUDE modulation , *BRAIN waves - Abstract
Ongoing oscillations and evoked responses are two main types of neuronal activity obtained with diverse electrophysiological recordings (EEG/MEG/iEEG/LFP). Although typically studied separately, they might in fact be closely related. One possibility to unite them is to demonstrate that neuronal oscillations have non-zero mean which predicts that stimulus- or task-triggered amplitude modulation of oscillations can contribute to the generation of evoked responses. We validated this mechanism using computational modelling and analysis of a large EEG data set. With a biophysical model, we indeed demonstrated that intracellular currents in the neuron are asymmetric and, consequently, the mean of alpha oscillations is non-zero. To understand the effect that neuronal currents exert on oscillatory mean, we varied several biophysical and morphological properties of neurons in the network, such as voltage-gated channel densities, length of dendrites, and intensity of incoming stimuli. For a very large range of model parameters, we observed evidence for non-zero mean of oscillations. Complimentary, we analysed empirical rest EEG recordings of 90 participants (50 young, 40 elderly) and, with spatio-spectral decomposition, detected at least one spatially-filtred oscillatory component of non-zero mean alpha oscillations in 93% of participants. In order to explain a complex relationship between the dynamics of amplitude-envelope and corresponding baseline shifts, we performed additional simulations with simple oscillators coupled with different time delays. We demonstrated that the extent of spatial synchronisation may obscure macroscopic estimation of alpha rhythm modulation while leaving baseline shifts unchanged. Overall, our results predict that amplitude modulation of neural oscillations should at least partially explain the generation of evoked responses. Therefore, inference about changes in evoked responses with respect to cognitive conditions, age or neuropathologies should be constructed while taking into account oscillatory neuronal dynamics. Author summary: A large part of our knowledge about functioning of the human brain is based on non-invasive assessment of neuronal processing with electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG). Interestingly, all types of neural processing can be captured with just two types of recorded events: evoked responses and oscillations. Evoked response is a reaction occurring to any auditory, visual or motor event. Oscillations are rhythmic activity that is spontaneous, i.e. is present all the time and may or may not be related to the stimulus. While typically studied separately, evoked responses and oscillations might be related—the change in the amplitude of oscillations could lead to an evoked response. However, it is true only for oscillations with non-zero mean. For oscillations, having a non-zero mean implies that averaged values of the upper and lower half of the oscillatory wave are not equal. In our study, we show that the most prominent rhythm in the human brain—the alpha rhythm—has non-zero mean. This, in turn, implies that many evoked responses can indeed be understood via an amplitude modulation of non-zero mean oscillations. Consecutively, such link opens new perspectives for the interpretation of results from studies investigating sensory, motor and cognitive processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF