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Semecarpus anacardium Linn. is a commonly used Ayurvedic medicinal plant which nuts have been described in Ayurveda and Sidda system of medicine to treat clinical ailments such as vitiligo, inflamation, microbial infection, geriatric problem, baldness and neuro related problems. In this study, anti-cancer activity of the leaves of Semecarpus anacardium Linn was evaluated for future drug development. The phytochemical screening was done by GC-MS analysis, cytotoxicity was examined using MTT assay, mode of cell death was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and finally antitumor activity was determined in EAC cell induced tumor bearing mice. The ethyl acetate extract from the leaves of the plant induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells in a dose dependent manner (IC50: 0.57 µg/ml in MCF-7 cells) in different cancer cell lines. The non-malignant cells were relatively insensitive to the extract. The staining with acridine orange, ethidium bromide and DAPI confirmed that the extract induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Furthermore, the extract induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and suppressed cancer cell migration. An oral administration of the extract suppressed the tumor growth in mice model bearing ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. The ethyl acetate extract was also found to prolong the survival of tumor bearing mice. Overall, these observations suggest the anticancer activities of the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of S. anacardium. The study opens a new window to examine the phytochemical constituents from the leaves of the plant responsible for the anticancer activities.

We report on the fragmentation of multiply charged ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}\mathrm{I}$ ions through dissociative ionization and Coulomb explosion induced by moderately intense (${10}^{12}--{10}^{13} \mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) ultrashort laser fields. Velocity map imaging of the fragment ions as a function of pulse duration, ranging from 25 fs to 1.5 ps, leads to kinetic energies, angular distributions, and the relative ion yield in different channels of these fragments. We propose possible pathways for the fragmentation channels based on the kinetic energies and theoretical potential energy curves. For the energetic fragments, we observe an enhanced yield with increasing pulse duration. A simple one-dimensional classical model of wave-packet propagation over the proposed intermediate state potential energy curve is used to estimate the ionization probability as a function of pulse duration. Our results suggest that a delayed enhanced ionization is a consequence of rearrangement of the energies of the molecular orbitals following bond stretching. The resultant energy upshift of the inner orbitals at larger internuclear separation gives rise to resonant multiorbital coupling at a critical distance, which enables enhanced ionization for longer pulses.

Nowadays, phishing has been considered as one of the most frequent attack in world of cyber-space; during this attack, an attacker aims to gather personal information of the targeted individual by accessing its system with the help of credentials he provided unknowingly. The objective of this attack lies in between the financial or personal gain of the attacker. The information collected during execution can be a username, password, credit/debit card number, pin, validity or CVV number. While dealing with such ambush, it has always been a challenging task to detect a phishing attack with high accuracy. Phishing should be possible from various perspectives such as an attacker can access through messages, calls, texts, commercials, website popups, etc. To shield the user from these attacks, numerous anti-phishing tools have been created over the time. The issue is so wide that there are no such ways to moderate all the vulnerabilities adequately; hence, to resolve this, different methods are been regularly executed. This paper presents an overall classification of an anti-phishing solution based on various categories of phishing mitigation techniques that work on different parameters to provide out the best solution. It also provides further research gap that will be addressed.

The plants are an essential natural source of pharmaceutical agents. They play an important part in new drug discovery and development. However, the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from natural resources is extremely challengeable due to the complexity in traditional methodologies. Recently, new strategy of adjuvant therapy is introduced in drug research. Therefore, natural bioactive compounds are being used in the combination of other marker compounds. Natural products are a rich source of lead molecules and have a unique and diverse chemical structure in drug discovery. The vast number of metabolites typically present in natural products takes part in metabolism pathways. Metabolomics is the scientific study of chemical processes involving metabolites and allows a systematic study of a complex mixture through biological testing systems. Metabolomics improve the effectiveness of previous approaches restoring the relevance of natural products as source of novel potential pharmaceutical agents. Starting from this viewpoint, the aim of this chapter is to address plant based bioactive compounds isolation and analytical techniques employed for the identification of metabolites and the metabolomics applications in the drug discovery process. The molecular approaches of lead compounds from natural sources for the biological activity are also being addressed.

In present time there are numerous institutions around the globe, in order to attract the youth every institute claims to be best. But while choosing a right institution it proves to be a big hardship due to lack of relevant and trustable information. In this paper, we aim to set up a multilevel fusible transparent recommendation and ranking system module based on analysis of integrated datasets collected from students and staff members. The purpose is to ensure the fulfilment of academic and co-curricular parameters for the overall development as well as to assist students and teachers to predict a best fit institution with the help of data mining techniques. On the other hand, we believe to promote the fairness among the institutional network and promotes healthy competition.

The incidence rate of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. Herbal formulations have recently gained importance as an alternative therapeutic option in controlling diabetes without causing any side effects. In the present study, we have demonstrated maintenance of glycemic homeostasis and anti-adipogenic potential of a herbo-mineral formulation Divya MadhuKalp (DMK). Initially, we evaluated the presence of bioactive compounds in DMK using LC/MS-QToF analysis. In-vitro analysis of DMK in L6 (skeletal muscle) cells showed a significant increase in cellular glucose uptake. Similarly, a human equivalent dose of DMK significantly reduced blood glucose level in normoglycemic and oral glucose tolerance rat model. DMK extract also inhibited formation of advanced glycation end product and showed anti-α-glucosidase activity. Further analysis of DMK in 3T3 L1 pre-adipocytes demonstrated anti-adipogenic activity through reduction in intracellular lipid accumulation and triglyceride contents along with downregulation of major adipogenic transcriptional factors (PPAR-γ and C/EBPα) and, adipocytes marker genes (LPL, AP2 and adiponectin). In conclusion, DMK exhibited anti-diabetic and anti-adipogenic activities by synergistic effect of its bioactive compounds and can be considered as a potent herbo-mineral formulation for treating metabolic diseases.

Colchicine was extracted from Gloriosa superba seeds using the Super Critical Fluid (CO2) Extraction (SCFE) technology. The seeds were purified upto 99.82% using column chromatography. Colchicine affinity was further investigated for anticancer activity in six human cancer cell lines, i.e., A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB231, PANC-1, HCT116, and SiHa. Purified colchicine showed the least cell cytotoxicity and antiproliferation and caused no G2/M arrest at clinically acceptable concentrations. Mitotic arrest was observed in only A549 and MDA-MB231 cell lines at 60 nM concentration. Our finding indicated the possible use of colchicine at a clinically acceptable dose and provided insight into the science behind microtubule destabilization. However, more studies need to be conducted beforethese findings could be established.

Composite materials are produced using the blend of at least two materials with various compound and physical properties, which when joined give another material with upgraded material properties. Our examination is worried about the investigation of free vibration of rectangular plate without cut-out. We examine the impacts of viewpoint/estimate proportion, thickness proportion, and point of the cover, number of overlays, material properties and diverse limit conditions.

Acceleration of protons by transient strong electric fields formed with intense ultrashort laser pulses is important for advancements in radiography and biomedical applications. Controlling the absorption mechanisms by material modification or adding structural features to the solid substrate is important to enhance ion energies for a given laser intensity. We present here an experimental demonstration of enhanced proton acceleration when a BK-7 glass target is coated with 150 nm diameter silica hollow spheres. The hollow particle coated target yielded a maximum proton energy of ≥ 800 keV at a peak intensity of 1018 W cm−2 while the maximum energy is only up to 200 keV with a plain glass target under otherwise identical conditions. Two-dimensional particle in cell simulations demonstrate the role of local fields in the hollow spherical cavities that lead to the enhanced proton energies comparable to the experiments.

Synthesis of some novel 6-acetyl-2-aryl/furyl chromones [4(a-b)] by Friedal-Craft's acylation of 2-aryl/furyl chromones [3(a-b)] and 1-(2’-aryl/furyl chromon-6’-yl)-3-aryl or heteroarylprop-2-en-1-ones [5(a-f)] by Claisen-Schmidt condensation is being reported in this publication. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and PMR spectral data. The synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Most of the compounds have been found moderately active when compared with the reference standard drugs.

2 cases of portal, splenic and superior mesenteric vein thromboses related to prolonged stay at high altitude are presented. Both presented initially with innocuous appearing vague pain in abdomen with no physical signs. Later hepatosplenomegaly, and pleural effusion (left) was also detected. Diagnosis was based on CT scan and colour Doppler study showing thrombosed veins and porto-systemic collateral. 1 patient developed a large splenic haematoma requiring splenectomy. Both were managed with early anticoagulation and have done well in the short follow up.

This communication presents characterization of Kajjali , a mercury (Hg) based Indian traditional ayurvedic drug, by both ancient and contemporary methodology. For preparation of Kajjali , 225 g each of Shuddha Parada (purified mercury) and ,i>Shuddha Gandhak (purified sulphur), initially purified through traditional methods of purification as described in ayurvedic literature, were manually triturated using stone mortar and pestle until it became a very fine black coloured powder. This preparation process took up to ~78 h. Thereafter, Kajjali was characterized by classical and contemporary methods. Kajjali passed the classical tests like Rekhapurnatwa, Slakshanatwa, Nishchandratwa and Varitara . XRD study confirmed that Kajjali contains mercury sulphide (HgS), identified as metacinnabar (cubic form of HgS), in addition to free sulphur. Composition of Kajjali has been determined by EDXA method, which validated the presence of 88.84% mercury and 11.16% sulphur. SEM studies substantiated particle size distribution of Kajjali , which varied from 60 nm to 2 μm range. Such integration of classical and contemporary studies is important, because such vital medicines should be characterized properly for safety and efficacy before their appropriate use for diseases.

This communication presents characterization and comparison of the physico-chemical properties of different varieties of Manahshila with the corresponding polymorphs of realgar. Three varieties of Manahshila have been described in Ayurveda, viz. Shyamangi, Kanavirak and Khandakhya; the last two are acceptable therapeutically. Khandakhya contains high percentage of arsenic than Kanavirak. In this study, both samples of Manahshila have been collected. Their physical and chemical properties have been correlated with the polymorphs of realgar. XRD study classifies Kanavirak as alacranite and Khandakhya as realgar. EDXA study confirms 51.33% and 68.14% of arsenic in alacranite and realgar samples respectively. This work correlates the ancient description of Manahshila with contemporary mineralogical classification (polymorphs) of mineral realgar.

Purpose: There is genetic variability in Terminalia species which is a very tall tree ranging from 5 to 30 meters. Government of India has established a tissue culture laboratory and the callus formation and differentiation tests were conducted at Ranchi, and it was found that this plant can be used for pharmacognosy and fibre. Method: In pharmacognosy, through tissue culture, anti-oxidative properties of ethanol extract of Terminalia bark was tested against sodium flouride induced oxidative stress in heart. The activities of various antioxidant enzymes, levels of cellular metabolites reduced carbonyl contents were already determined in the cardiac tissue. Tissue culture is a specialised area of production which should be exploited by Ayurvedic researches. Terminalia Arjuna was cultured on nutrient media supplemented with different concentration of phyto-hormones along with auxins and cytokinins implemented with coconut water. Result: Adenine Sulphate at the rate 25 mg/lt were added for nodal and auxiliary explants, and these nodal explants and shoot tips of T. arjuna were cultured again to have shoot proliferation. This can be used for other herbal plants for exploitation in medicinal and other useful purposes. In Ayurveda it can help in cost reduction and efficacy enhancement. Conclusion: Culture the new variety of Terminalia species can be developed with the help of tissue culture from Ayurvedic point of view, which can reduce the level of lipid profile, and angiotensin activity should be compared with others.

Purpose: Cancer is one of the life threatening diseases spreading worldwide now a days. Oncogenes on one hand are well known to be activated by proto-oncogenes and are suppressed by tumor suppressor genes (TSG). There are different strategies for targeting to the regulation of tumor suppression gene. P53 is a most targeted gene that regulates the cell cycle and hence functions as tumor suppression to maintain the integrity of DNA. Method: In the present study p53 was used as a parameter to evaluate the efficacy of a new herbo-mineral compound LAS02 a cancero-static compound formulated by Lavanya Ayurveda Hospital and Research Centre Lucknow, in different type of malignancies such as breast cancer, bone marrow, hepatic, ovarian, head & neck carcinoma. The serum samples were taken from the cancer patients at Lavanya Ayurvedic hospital and was tested by solid phase sandwich enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Result: The main p53 valves before treatment more found to be 4.76 U/ml however, after treatment with our new herbo-mineral drug, the mean values of post treated p53 values were found to be significantly raised to 35.94 U/ml, which signifies the efficacy of treatment of LAS02 in enhancing the expression of p53 gene in different types of cancers. Conclusion: p53 protein is a guard of DNA and helps in enhancing repair of the damage of DNA done by cancerous pathology.

Purpose: The drug optimization and understanding the mechanisms of action of drugs on the deregulation of cell cycle which is frequently considered as the cause of progression in cancer can provide important insights for new cancer treatment strategies. The drug LAS02 is a herbo mineral drug prepared as per ancient Ayurvedic literature. Method: In this study the effect of LAS02 was studied by analyzing the effect on cell cycle by flow cytometery on cancer cell lines breast cancer (MCF7), cervical cancer (HELA), colon cancer (COLO 205) and prostate cancer (DU 145), procured from NCCS, Pune. The cells were treated by different doses of LAS02, and assay for proliferation was performed by MTT assay test, subsequently, these were analyzed by flow cytometer for cell cycle analysis. Result: The results showed inhibition of proliferation in MCF7 by 77% and HELA cells by 78% at dose of 500μg/ml in MTT assay. In cell cycle analysis for COLO 205 treated with LAS02, the percentage retention of the cells in G0/ G1 phase was 73.07% at 300μg/ml as compared to 52.16% in the control after 24hrs. In DU 145, treated with LAS02, cells that retained at G0/G1 phase were 79.28% at a dose of 400μg/ml after 48hrs; as compared to control of 62.41%. The apoptosis observed at 400μg/ml drug concentration was 43.51%. Conclusion: The study shows that LAS02 acts as a potent anti cancerous compound by inhibiting proliferation as well as by inducing retention of cells in G0/G1 phase along with apoptosis significantly at in vitro level. Therefore, LAS02 arrests the cancerous cells in G0/G1 phase and prevented the entry of pre cancerous stem cells from G0/G1 phase into G2, the subsequent proliferative stage and inhibits cancer cells from completing the cell cycle. Such a finding is unique with this new drug, which holds a great promise as one of the most effective and safest cancerostatic drug.

Purpose: AIDS is the deadliest disease of the decade, for which unfortunately even after several advancement in biomedical sciences, no curative treatment is available as no drug is capable of separating and recovering the motif between retro viral DNA of the host. Method: The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the role of a new herbo mineral compound (LAA01) in 18 cases suffering from AIDS after getting clearance from the Institutional Ethical committee (IEC). Criteria for assessing antiviral activity includes CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/ CD8 ratio and viral load parameters were measured. These parameters were conducted at Biognosis an approved GLP lab in Hyderabad. Result: Pre treatment mean values of these parameters compared with LAA01 treated cases values periodically respectively given in following table. The results indicate a significant rise in CD4 counts and a significant decrease in viral load. Conclusion: It concludes that the drug Ayurvedic herbo mineral preparation LAA01 under test is not only a viridicidal (drug inhibiting the HIV replication) as is evident from decrease in HIV load, but the drug also enhanced immunity as is evident from increases in CD4 and CD8 counts and their respective percentage, which maintained the quality of life (QOL) of the patients, which needs further extensive clinical trial.