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1. Grain-filling strategies of wheat of contrasting grain sizes under various planting patterns and irrigation levels

Author: Zimeng Liang, Jingyi Feng, Jiayu Li, Yangyang Tang, Tiankang He, Vinay Nangia, and Yang Liu
Subjects: Plastic-covered ridge and furrow cultivation, Sprinkler irrigation, Wheat, Grain size, Grain filling, Agriculture, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract: In a study comparing grain filling and yield in a large- and a small-grain-size wheat cultivar under two planting patterns and two irrigation regimes, plastic-covered ridge and furrow planting with sprinkler irrigation increased grain filling and yield in both cultivars. The largest contributors to grain yield were an extended active grain-filling period in Shuangda 1 and an increased mean grain-filling rate in XN538.
Published: 2024
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2. On-farm water energy food carbon-footprint nexus index for quantitative assessment of integrated resources management for wheat farming in Egypt

Author: Mohie El Din Omar and Vinay Nangia
Subjects: On-farm WEFE Index, Quadrilateral nexus, Wheat farming, River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General), TC401-506, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, TD201-500, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, HD9502-9502.5
Abstract: To improve the farming efficiency, Egypt has been struggling to narrow the water, energy, and yield gaps owing to exacerbated water shortage. For quantitative diagnosis of farming performance, the paper presented an on-farm water, energy, food, and carbon-footprint (WEFC) nexus index made up of four equally pillars. The arithmetic average preserved the multi-centric approach and equal importance of the four pillars. The index was applied to test and rank 2,042 wheat-based farmer fields in Egypt representing diverse inputs, agronomic and irrigation practices, soil types, and agroecological conditions. The water metric was the ratio of saved water, difference between maximum water consumption recorded in the country and actual water consumption, to the maximum water consumption. Likewise, the energy metric was obtained. The food metric was the ratio of actual yield to maximum yield in the country. The carbon-footprint metric was the ratio of difference between maximum CO2 emission in the country and actual emission to the maximum emission. The index values showed a wide range from 18.69% to 87.33% with a high standard deviation emphasizing the diversity of farming practices, soil types, and agroecological conditions. The highest ten values were recorded in fields with sandy soils, relatively large area, drip irrigation, recommended seeding and fertilization rates, well drainage, weeds removal, and tillage. The drip irrigation system in 51 out of 52 fields had above average value. The lowest ten values were in fields with clay soils and flood irrigation, where 18.7% of 1,780 fields exceeded the above average value. Raised beds with furrow irrigation in 83.15% of 184 fields exceeded the above average value. Fertilization rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in 61% and 53% of fields respectively exceeded the recommended rates with no significant reflection on the food metric. The low index values in fields with flood irrigation were attributed to high water losses causing high water consumption, energy consumption, and CO2 emission. The index was a good indicative of input resources consumption and output production as it varied inversely with water and energy consumption and CO2 emission and proportionally with yield. Since the high-water consumption was the main entry point for low index values in fields with flood irrigation, changing the irrigation to drip system or revisiting the irrigation scheduling and the estimated applied irrigation water amount were recommended. The index can be utilized to quantify the effectiveness of both recommendations and further new site-specific interventions and to assess their impact at scale. The index also recommended land use consolidation where farmers retain ownership of their lands but with cooperative farming.
Published: 2023
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3. Advantageous spike-to-stem competition for assimilates contributes to the reduction in grain number loss in wheat spikes under water deficit stress

Author: Juan Li, Zimeng Liang, Yakun Li, Kexin Wang, Vinay Nangia, Fei Mo, and Yang Liu
Subjects: Drought stress, Floret development, Source-to-sink relationship, 13C-photosynthate distribution, Sucrose utilization, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Agricultural industries, HD9000-9495
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms of assimilate distribution and sugar metabolism in spike-stem that inhibit the formation of fertile florets and grains per spike in winter wheat under pre-reproductive drought stress. Two winter wheat cultivars, CH58 (relatively strongly drought tolerant) and LH6 (relatively weakly drought tolerant), were subjected to successive soil drought treatments from jointing to heading during the 2020–2022 growing seasons. The results showed that pre-reproductive drought stress intensified the degradation and abortion of wheat florets. Compared to CH58, the decrease in the number of fertile florets and grains per spike of LH6 under drought stress increased by an average of 5.3%−8.0% and 8.3%−9.0%, respectively. Drought significantly inhibited the distribution of 13C-photosynthates in wheat spikes (15.7%−24.7%) and stems (8.5%−11.7%) during the booting stage. The number of differentially expressed genes enriched in starch and sucrose metabolic pathways was much higher in the spike and stem of LH6 than in those of CH58. Drought significantly reduced sucrose and hexose in young spikes but increased hexose and fructan concentrations in stems. Compared to LH6, the higher invertase activity and accompanying high expression of sugar transporter protein (STP) in CH58 spikes under drought stress contributed to the utilization of sucrose in young spikes. Additionally, under severe drought, the higher fructan concentration and expression of sugar transport proteins (SWEET and SUT) in the stem of CH58 improved the ability of the stem to transport assimilates to young spikes and thus alleviated the loss of grain number per spike. Exogenous spermidine optimized hexose and sucrose allocation in young wheat spikes and stems after drought stress, thereby increasing the number of fertile florets under drought stress. Overall, the ability of the dominant spike to utilize sugar and the ability to compete for assimilates between the spike and stem contribute to the resistance to drought stress-induced grain reduction in the spike. Exogenous chemicals can regulate the number of fertile florets through this pathway, thereby promoting the formation of wheat grain number.
Published: 2024
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4. Spatio-temporal microbial regulation of aggregate-associated priming effects under contrasting tillage practices

Author: Zhang, Yeye, Ren, Yunfei, Zhou, Shenglin, Ning, Xiaoyu, Wang, Xiukang, Yang, Yanming, Sun, Shikun, Vinay, Nangia, Bahn, Michael, Han, Juan, Liu, Yang, Xiong, Youcai, Liao, Yuncheng, and Mo, Fei
Published: 2024
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5. Nutrient limitation of soil organic carbon stocks under straw return

Author: Mo, Fei, Yang, Dayang, Wang, Xiukang, Crowther, Thomas W., Vinay, Nangia, Luo, Zhongkui, Yu, Kailiang, Sun, Shikun, Zhang, Feng, Xiong, Youcai, and Liao, Yuncheng
Published: 2024
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6. Integrated Microbiome and Metabolomic Analysis Reveal Responses of Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities and Root exudate Composition to Drought and Genotype in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Author: Gege Li, Kexin Wang, Qun Qin, Qi Li, Fei Mo, Vinay Nangia, and Yang Liu
Subjects: Rice, Drought, Genotype, Rhizosphere bacterial communities, Root exudates, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract: Abstract Background As climate change events become more frequent, drought is an increasing threat to agricultural production and food security. Crop rhizosphere microbiome and root exudates are critical regulators for drought adaptation, yet our understanding on the rhizosphere bacterial communities and root exudate composition as affected by drought stress is far from complete. In this study, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and widely targeted metabolomic analysis of rhizosphere soil and root exudates from two contrasting rice genotypes (Nipponbare and Luodao 998) exposed to drought stress. Results A reduction in plant phenotypes was observed under drought, and the inhibition was greater for roots than for shoots. Additionally, drought exerted a negligible effect on the alpha diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities, but obviously altered their composition. In particular, drought led to a significant enrichment of Actinobacteria but a decrease in Firmicutes. We also found that abscisic acid in root exudates was clearly higher under drought, whereas lower jasmonic acid and L-cystine concentrations. As for plant genotypes, variations in plant traits of the drought-tolerant genotype Luodao 998 after drought were smaller than those of Nipponbare. Interestingly, drought triggered an increase in Bacillus, as well as an upregulation of most organic acids and a downregulation of all amino acids in Luodao 998. Notably, both Procrustes analysis and Mantel test demonstrated that rhizosphere microbiome and root exudate metabolomic profiles were highly correlated. A number of differentially abundant genera responded to drought and genotype, including Streptomyces, Bacillus and some members of Actinobacteria, were significantly associated with organic acid and amino acid contents in root exudates. Further soil incubation experiments showed that Streptomyces was regulated by abscisic acid and jasmonic acid under drought. Conclusions Our results reveal that both drought and genotype drive changes in the compositions of rice rhizosphere bacterial communities and root exudates under the greenhouse condition, and that organic acid exudation and suppression of amino acid exudation to select specific rhizosphere bacterial communities may be an important strategy for rice to cope with drought. These findings have important implications for improving the adaptability of rice to drought from the perspective of plant–microbe interactions.
Published: 2023
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7. Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019Research in context

Author: Dongze Wu, Yingzhao Jin, Yuhan Xing, Melsew Dagne Abate, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Foad Abd-Allah, Michael Abdelmasseh, Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Aidin Abedi, Vida Abedi, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Katrina Abuabara, Morteza Abyadeh, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Kayode Nelson Adeniji, Abiola Victor Adepoju, Miracle Ayomikun Adesina, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Mohsen Afarideh, Shahin Aghamiri, Antonella Agodi, Anurag Agrawal, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Arriagada, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Sohail Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Janardhana P. Aithala, Abdullateef Abiodun Ajadi, Marjan Ajami, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Fares Alahdab, Mohammad T. AlBataineh, Sharifullah Alemi, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, Liaqat Ali, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Joseph Uy Almazan, Sami Almustanyir, Jaber S. Alqahtani, Ibrahim Alqasmi, Ihsan Ullah Khan Altaf, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi, Hany Aly, Reza Amani, Hubert Amu, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Adnan Ansar, Hossein Ansariniya, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Reza Arefnezhad, Judie Arulappan, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Tahira Ashraf, Jamila Abdulhamid Atata, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Daniel Atlaw, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Avinash Aujayeb, Asma Tahir Awan, Haleh Ayatollahi, Sina Azadnajafabad, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Alaa Badawi, Ashish D. Badiye, Sara Bagherieh, Atif Amin Baig, Berihun Bantie Bantie, Martina Barchitta, Mainak Bardhan, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Kavita Batra, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Maryam Bemanalizadeh, Isabela M. Bensenor, Kebede A. Beyene, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Saeid Bitaraf, Veera R. Bitra, Archith Boloor, Kaustubh Bora, João Silva Botelho, Rachelle Buchbinder, Daniela Calina, Luis Alberto Cámera, Andre F. Carvalho, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Endeshaw Chekol Abebe, Fatemeh Chichagi, Sungchul Choi, Tzu-Chieh Chou, Dinh-Toi Chu, Kaleb Coberly, Vera Marisa Costa, Rosa A.S. Couto, Natália Cruz-Martins, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Ana Maria Dascalu, Mohsen Dashti, Sisay Abebe Debela, Robert Paul Dellavalle, Andreas K. Demetriades, Alemayehu Anley Demlash, Xinlei Deng, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Rupak Desai, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Sourav Dey, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Daniel Diaz, Mahmoud Dibas, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira, Mengistie Diress, Thanh Chi Do, Duy Khanh Doan, Masoud Dodangeh, Milad Dodangeh, Deepa Dongarwar, John Dube, Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic, Abdelaziz Ed-Dra, Hisham Atan Edinur, Negin Eissazade, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Muhammed Elhadi, Ahmed O. Elmehrath, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, Mehdi Emamverdi, Theophilus I. Emeto, Hawi Leul Esayas, Habitu Birhan Eshetu, Farshid Etaee, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Shahriar Faghani, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Ali Fatehizadeh, Mobina Fathi, Alireza Feizkhah, Ginenus Fekadu, Mohammad Fereidouni, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, João C. Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Getahun Fetensa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Behzad Foroutan, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Balasankar Ganesan, Belete Negese Belete Gemeda, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, MohammadReza Ghasemi, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Tiffany K. Gill, Richard F. Gillum, Mohamad Goldust, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Davide Golinelli, Houman Goudarzi, Shi-Yang Guan, Yang Guo, Bhawna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Rasool Haddadi, Najah R. Hadi, Rabih Halwani, Shafiul Haque, Ikramul Hasan, Reza Hashempour, Amr Hassan, Treska S. Hassan, Sara Hassanzadeh, Mohammed Bheser Hassen, Johannes Haubold, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Claudiu Herteliu, Kamran Hessami, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Ramesh Holla, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, Hong-Han Huynh, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Ilic, Arad Iranmehr, Farideh Iravanpour, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Masao Iwagami, Chidozie C.D. Iwu, Louis Jacob, Morteza Jafarinia, Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Kasra Jahankhani, Haitham Jahrami, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Elham Jamshidi, Chinmay T. Jani, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Shubha Jayaram, Jayakumar Jeganathan, Jost B. Jonas, Abel Joseph, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, K. Vaishali, Billingsley Kaambwa, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Vidya Kadashetti, Feroze Kaliyadan, Fatemeh Kalroozi, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Amit Kandel, Himal Kandel, Srikanta Kanungo, Jafar Karami, Ibraheem M. Karaye, Hanie Karimi, Hengameh Kasraei, Sina Kazemian, Sewnet Adem Kebede, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Faham Khamesipour, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Imteyaz A. Khan, Maseer Khan, Md Jobair Khan, Moien A.B. Khan, Muhammad Arslan Khan, Haitham Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Sorour Khateri, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Min Seo Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Hyun Yong Koh, Pavel Kolkhir, Oleksii Korzh, Ashwin Laxmikant Kotnis, Parvaiz A. Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Mohammed Kuddus, Vishnutheertha Vishnutheertha Kulkarni, Narinder Kumar, Satyajit Kundu, Om P. Kurmi, Carlo La Vecchia, Chandrakant Lahariya, Tri Laksono, Judit Lám, Kamaluddin Latief, Paolo Lauriola, Basira Kankia Lawal, Thao Thi Thu Le, Trang Thi Bich Le, Munjae Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Jacopo Lenzi, Miriam Levi, Wei Li, Virendra S. Ligade, Stephen S. Lim, Gang Liu, Xuefeng Liu, Erand Llanaj, Chun-Han Lo, Vanessa Sintra Machado, Azzam A. Maghazachi, Mansour Adam Mahmoud, Tuan A. Mai, Azeem Majeed, Pantea Majma Sanaye, Omar Mohamed Makram, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Kashish Malhotra, Ahmad Azam Malik, Iram Malik, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Miquel Martorell, Sahar Masoudi, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Yasith Mathangasinghe, Elezebeth Mathews, Alexander G. Mathioudakis, Andrea Maugeri, Mahsa Mayeli, John Robert Carabeo Medina, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, José João Mendes, Ritesh G. Menezes, Tomislav Mestrovic, Irmina Maria Michalek, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ephrem Tesfaye Mihretie, Le Huu Nhat Minh, Reza Mirfakhraie, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Awoke Misganaw, Ashraf Mohamadkhani, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Faezeh Mohammadi, Soheil Mohammadi, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Syam Mohan, Anita Mohseni, Ali H. Mokdad, Sara Momtazmanesh, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Md Moniruzzaman, Yousef Moradi, Negar Morovatdar, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Parsa Mousavi, George Duke Mukoro, Admir Mulita, Getaneh Baye Mulu, Efrén Murillo-Zamora, Fungai Musaigwa, Ghulam Mustafa, Sathish Muthu, Firzan Nainu, Vinay Nangia, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Zuhair S. Natto, Perumalsamy Navaraj, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Athare Nazri-Panjaki, Hadush Negash, Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi, Dang H. Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien Nguyen, Hien Quang Nguyen, Phat Tuan Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis, Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi, Mamoona Noreen, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, In-Hwan Oh, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Patrick Godwin Okwute, Andrew T. Olagunju, Matthew Idowu Olatubi, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa, Michal Ordak, Nikita Otstavnov, Mayowa O. Owolabi, P.A. Mahesh, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Anton Pak, Reza Pakzad, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, Paraskevi Papadopoulou, Shahina Pardhan, Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi, Ava Pashaei, Jay Patel, Aslam Ramjan Pathan, Shankargouda Patil, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Paolo Pedersini, Umberto Pensato, David M. Pereira, Jeevan Pereira, Maria Odete Pereira, Renato B. Pereira, Mario F.P. Peres, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Simone Perna, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Parmida Sadat Pezeshki, Hoang Tran Pham, Anil K. Philip, Michael A. Piradov, Indrashis Podder, Vivek Podder, Dimitri Poddighe, Elton Junio Sady Prates, Ibrahim Qattea, Amir Radfar, Pourya Raee, Alireza Rafiei, Alberto Raggi, Fakher Rahim, Mehran Rahimi, Mahban Rahimifard, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Md Obaidur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Mohamed Rahmani, Shayan Rahmani, Vahid Rahmanian, Premkumar Ramasubramani, Nemanja Rancic, Indu Ramachandra Rao, Sina Rashedi, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Nakul Ravikumar, Salman Rawaf, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Nazila Rezaei, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Daniela Ribeiro, Mónica Rodrigues, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez, Aly M.A. Saad, Basema Saddik, Saeid Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Azam Safary, Mahdi Safdarian, Sher Zaman Safi, Amene Saghazadeh, Dominic Sagoe, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Mirza Rizwan Sajid, Sateesh Sakhamuri, Joseph W. Sakshaug, Mohamed A. Saleh, Leili Salehi, Sana Salehi, Amir Salek Farrokhi, Sara Samadzadeh, Saad Samargandy, Noosha Samieefar, Abdallah M. Samy, Nima Sanadgol, Rama Krishna Sanjeev, Monika Sawhney, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Art Schuermans, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Yashendra Sethi, Mahan Shafie, Humaira Shah, Izza Shahid, Samiah Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Sadaf Sharfaei, Manoj Sharma, Maryam Shayan, Hatem Samir Shehata, Aziz Sheikh, Jeevan K. Shetty, Jae Il Shin, Reza Shirkoohi, Nebiyu Aniley Shitaye, K.M. Shivakumar, Velizar Shivarov, Parnian Shobeiri, Soraya Siabani, Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Colin R. Simpson, Ehsan Sinaei, Harpreet Singh, Inderbir Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Singh, Md Shahjahan Siraj, Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag, Ranjan Solanki, Solikhah Solikhah, Yonatan Solomon, Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar, Jing Sun, Mindy D. Szeto, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Mohammad Tabish, Ensiyeh Taheri, Azin Tahvildari, Iman M. Talaat, Jacques J.L. Lukenze Tamuzi, Ker-Kan Tan, Nathan Y. Tat, Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee, Arian Tavasol, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Samar Tharwat, Nigusie Selomon Tibebu, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Tala Tillawi, Tenaw Yimer Tiruye, Amir Tiyuri, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Manjari Tripathi, Guesh Mebrahtom Tsegay, Abdul Rohim Tualeka, Sree Sudha Ty, Chukwudi S. Ubah, Saif Ullah, Sana Ullah, Muhammad Umair, Srikanth Umakanthan, Era Upadhyay, Seyed Mohammad Vahabi, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Rohollah Valizadeh, Shoban Babu Varthya, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Georgios-Ioannis Verras, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Vasily Vlassov, Danh Cao Vo, Yasir Waheed, Abdul Waris, Brhane Gebrehiwot Welegebrial, Ronny Westerman, Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Barbara Willekens, Beshada Zerfu Woldegeorgis, Melat Woldemariam, Hong Xiao, Dereje Y. Yada, Galal Yahya, Lin Yang, Fereshteh Yazdanpanah, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Yuyi You, Mazyar Zahir, Syed Saoud Zaidi, Moein Zangiabadian, Iman Zare, Mohammad A. Zeineddine, Dawit T. Zemedikun, Naod Gebrekrstos Zeru, Chen Zhang, Hanqing Zhao, Chenwen Zhong, Magdalena Zielińska, Mohammad Zoladl, Alimuddin Zumla, Cui Guo, and Lai-shan Tam
Subjects: Immune-mediated inflammatory disease, Incidence, Global burden of disease study, Trend, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings: In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation: The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively. Funding: The Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project funded by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38).
Published: 2023
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8. Developing automated machine learning approach for fast and robust crop yield prediction using a fusion of remote sensing, soil, and weather dataset

Author: Ahmed M S Kheir, Ajit Govind, Vinay Nangia, Mina Devkota, Abdelrazek Elnashar, Mohie El Din Omar, and Til Feike
Subjects: yield prediction, machine learning, remote sensing, climate change, wheat, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: Estimating smallholder crop yields robustly and timely is crucial for improving agronomic practices, determining yield gaps, guiding investment, and policymaking to ensure food security. However, there is poor estimation of yield for most smallholders due to lack of technology, and field scale data, particularly in Egypt. Automated machine learning (AutoML) can be used to automate the machine learning workflow, including automatic training and optimization of multiple models within a user-specified time frame, but it has less attention so far. Here, we combined extensive field survey yield across wheat cultivated area in Egypt with diverse dataset of remote sensing, soil, and weather to predict field-level wheat yield using 22 Ml models in AutoML. The models showed robust accuracies for yield predictions, recording Willmott degree of agreement, (d > 0.80) with higher accuracy when super learner (stacked ensemble) was used (R ^2 = 0.51, d = 0.82). The trained AutoML was deployed to predict yield using remote sensing (RS) vegetative indices (VIs), demonstrating a good correlation with actual yield (R ^2 = 0.7). This is very important since it is considered a low-cost tool and could be used to explore early yield predictions. Since climate change has negative impacts on agricultural production and food security with some uncertainties, AutoML was deployed to predict wheat yield under recent climate scenarios from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). These scenarios included single downscaled General Circulation Model (GCM) as CanESM5 and two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) as SSP2-4.5and SSP5-8.5during the mid-term period (2050). The stacked ensemble model displayed declines in yield of 21% and 5% under SSP5-8.5 and SSP2-4.5 respectively during mid-century, with higher uncertainty under the highest emission scenario (SSP5-8.5). The developed approach could be used as a rapid, accurate and low-cost method to predict yield for stakeholder farms all over the world where ground data is scarce.
Published: 2024
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9. Techno economic feasibility of soybean based cropping systems under varying climates in Madhya Pradesh

Author: K.V. RAMANA RAO, YOGESH A RAJWADE, NEELENDRA SINGH VERMA, DEEPIKA YADAV, and VINAY NANGIA
Subjects: Climate change, Crop evapotranspiration, Irrigation, Rainfed agriculture, Soybean, Agriculture
Abstract: Building resilience to climate change through on farm management techniques such as crop diversification, and water management as supplemental irrigation is vital for sustainable agriculture. In the present study, soybean (Glycine Max L.) based cropping systems (sole crop, and intercropped with cotton or pigeon pea) through different combinations of cultivation practices (flatbed, raised bed) and irrigation levels (Rainfed, 66%ETc, 100%ETc and methods (drip, sprinkler) were studied in randomized block design with three replications during kharif season of 2019-20 and 2020-21. Plant growth parameters viz. plant height and dry weight were recorded maximum in rainfed soybean as sole crop, while the number of branches/plant were recorded maximum in sole soybean crop irrigated at 100%ETc. Grain yield (5.37 t ha-1), and water productivity (0.47 kg m-3) were maximum in soybean intercropped with cotton. Overall, cotton+soybean irrigated at 66% ETc can be adopted by farmers to achieve optimal productivity without significant yield penalty.
Published: 2023
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10. Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

Author: Angela E Micah, Kayleigh Bhangdia, Ian E Cogswell, Dylan Lasher, Brendan Lidral-Porter, Emilie R Maddison, Trang Nhu Ngoc Nguyen, Nishali Patel, Paola Pedroza, Juan Solorio, Hayley Stutzman, Golsum Tsakalos, Yifeng Wang, Wesley Warriner, Yingxi Zhao, Bianca S Zlavog, Cristiana Abbafati, Jaffar Abbas, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Michael Abdelmasseh, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Aidin Abedi, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, E S Abhilash, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Michael R M Abrigo, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Mohammed Hussien Adem, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Ali Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Budi Aji, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Yibeltal Akelew, Hanadi Al Hamad, Khurshid Alam, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Sami Almustanyir, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Azmeraw T Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Hubert Amu, Robert Ancuceanu, Tudorel Andrei, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Francis Appiah, Muhammad Aqeel, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Olatunde Aremu, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Samad Azari, Atif Amin Baig, Abere Tilahun Bantie, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Sanjay Basu, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Bernhard T Baune, Zombor Berezvai, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Micheal Kofi Boachie, Virginia Bodolica, João Silva Botelho Botelho, Dejana Braithwaite, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Reinhard Busse, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Ferrán Catalá-López, Collins Chansa, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Simiao Chen, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Omid Dadras, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Abdollah Dargahi, Sisay Abebe Debela, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Belay Desye, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Nancy Diao, Linh Phuong Doan, Milad Dodangeh, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Leila Doshmangir, John Dube, Ebrahim Eini, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Daniel Berhanie Enyew, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Mohamad Ezati Asar, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Emerito Jose A Faraon, Ali Fatehizadeh, Hamed Fattahi, Ginenus Fekadu, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A Foigt, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, Alberto Freitas, Takeshi Fukumoto, Nancy Fullman, Peter Andras Gaal, Amiran Gamkrelidze, M A Garcia-Gordillo, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Urge Gerema, Mansour Ghafourifard, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Reza Ghanbari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Mahaveer Golechha, Davide Golinelli, Yitayal Ayalew Goshu, Girma Garedew Goyomsa, Avirup Guha, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Bhawna Gupta, Samer Hamidi, Harapan Harapan, Reza Hashempour, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Ramesh Holla, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sorin Hostiuc, Salman Hussain, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Mustapha Immurana, Arnaud Iradukunda, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Linda Merin J, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Mahsa Jalili, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Tahereh Javaheri, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Digisie Mequanint Jemere, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Billingsley Kaambwa, Vidya Kadashetti, Rajendra Kadel, Dler Hussein Kadir, Laleh R Kalankesh, Rajesh Kamath, Himal Kandel, Rami S Kantar, Shama D Karanth, Ibraheem M Karaye, Salah Eddin Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Gbenga A Kayode, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Vikash Ranjan Keshri, Cumali Keskin, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Himanshu Khajuria, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Hanna Kim, Jihee Kim, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Stefan Kohler, Farzad Kompani, Soewarta Kosen, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Dian Kusuma, Judit Lám, Demetris Lamnisos, Anders O Larsson, Sang-woong Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Jacopo Lenzi, Lee-Ling Lim, László Lorenzovici, Rafael Lozano, Vanessa Sintra Machado Machado, Farzan Madadizadeh, Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Azeem Majeed, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Ana Laura Manda, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo, Miquel Martorell, Ali Masoud, Elezebeth Mathews, Richard James Maude, Enkeleint A Mechili, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, José João João Mendes Mendes, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Mohamed Kamal Mesregah, Tomislav Mestrovic, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Mizan Kiros Mirutse, Moonis Mirza, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Awoke Misganaw, Marcello Moccia, Javad Moghadasi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Marita Mohammadshahi, Shafiu Mohammed, Mohammad Mohseni, Ali H Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Elias Mossialos, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Haleh Mousavi Isfahani, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Shruti Murthy, Saravanan Muthupandian, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Kovin S Naidoo, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Rawlance Ndejjo, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Nafise Noroozi, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Khan M Nuruzzaman, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Chukwudi Abrahams Obi, Abiola Ogunkoya, In-Hwan Oh, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Ahmed Omar Bali, Obinna E Onwujekwe, John Nelson Opio, Adrian Otoiu, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Tamás Palicz, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Tarang Parekh, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Jay Patel, George C Patton, Uttam Paudel, Mihaela Paun, Shrikant Pawar, Simone Perna, Navaraj Perumalsamy, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Mohsen Poursadeqiyan, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Sergio I Prada, Sima Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Temam Beshir Raru, Sina Rashedi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Ramin Ravangard, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Robert C Reiner, Jr., Andre M N Renzaho, Maryam Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Mavra A Riaz, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Aly M A Saad, Basema Saddik, Saeid Sadeghian, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Umar Saeed, Maitreyi Sahu, Morteza Saki, Payman Salamati, Hedayat Salari, Sana Salehi, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Francesco Sanmarchi, João Vasco Santos, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Yaser Sarikhani, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Miloje Savic, Yaser Sayadi, Falk Schwendicke, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Naomi Setshegetso, Allen Seylani, Saeed Shahabi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mohd Shanawaz, Mequannent Melaku Sharew Sharew, Nigussie Tadesse Sharew, Rajesh Sharma, Maryam Shayan, Aziz Sheikh, Suchitra M Shenoy, Adithi Shetty, Pavanchand H Shetty, K M Shivakumar, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Wudneh Simegn, Jasvinder A Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Natia Skhvitaridze, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Bogdan Socea, Yonatan Solomon, Suhang Song, Simona Cătălina Ștefan, Muhammad Suleman, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Nathan Y Tat, Vivian Y Tat, Belay Negash Tefera, Ales Tichopad, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Lorainne Tudor Car, Derara Girma Tufa, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Milena Vasic, Dominique Vervoort, Vasily Vlassov, Bay Vo, Linh Gia Vu, Yasir Waheed, Richard G Wamai, Cong Wang, Gizachew Tadesse Wassie, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Sanni Yaya, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Leila Zaki, Burhan Abdullah Zaman, Alireza Zangeneh, Ali Zare Dehnavi, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Wu Zeng, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Liesl J Zuhlke, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, Christopher J L Murray, and Joseph L Dieleman
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019; 293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided to maintain or improve health. The pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in development assistance targeted towards health; in 2020 and 2021, $1·8 billion in DAH contributions was provided towards pandemic preparedness in LMICs, and $37·8 billion was provided for the health-related COVID-19 response. Although the support for pandemic preparedness is 12·2% of the recommended target by the High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP), the support provided for the health-related COVID-19 response is 252·2% of the recommended target. Additionally, projected spending estimates suggest that between 2022 and 2026, governments in 17 (95% UI 11–21) of the 137 LMICs will observe an increase in national government health spending equivalent to an addition of 1% of GDP, as recommended by the HLIP. Interpretation: There was an unprecedented scale-up in DAH in 2020 and 2021. We have a unique opportunity at this time to sustain funding for crucial global health functions, including pandemic preparedness. However, historical patterns of underfunding of pandemic preparedness suggest that deliberate effort must be made to ensure funding is maintained. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2023
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11. Effect of Nitrogen Management on Wheat Yield, Water and Nitrogen Utilization, and Economic Benefits under Ridge-Furrow Cropping System with Supplementary Irrigation

Author: Yi Yang, Qun Qin, Qi Li, Vinay Nangia, Bing Lan, Fei Mo, Yuncheng Liao, and Yang Liu
Subjects: wheat, ridge-furrow planting, water and nitrogen utilization, supplementary irrigation, economic assessment, Agriculture
Abstract: Supplemental irrigation under a ridge-furrow (RF) cropping system is a valuable cropping practice that balances resource efficiency and high crop yield. However, the effects of nitrogen management on crop growth, yield formation, and economic benefits under RF systems have not been clearly investigated. In this study, the experiment was designed with three experimental factorials, including three cropping systems (RF, RF cropping with 80 mm irrigation; TF1, traditional flat cropping with 200 mm irrigation; and TF2, traditional flat cropping with 80 mm irrigation), two nitrogen application rates (NL, 180 kg N ha−1; NH, 240 kg N ha−1), and two fertilizer application models (B, all nitrogen fertilizers were applied basally at the pre-sowing stage; BT, nitrogen fertilizer was applied at both the pre-sowing and jointing stages at a ratio of 1:1). A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on wheat yield, water and nitrogen utilization, and economic benefits under the RF cropping system. The results showed that the RF system significantly increased the soil moisture content and improved the water productivity (WP) and grain yield of wheat. Nitrogen reduction (NL) under the RF system did not affect the water use of the wheat compared with traditional high nitrogen application (NH) but increased the nitrogen uptake and fertilizer productivity of the wheat. Although NL led to a reduction in aboveground dry matter accumulation, it did not significantly affect the yield of wheat but increased the net income of wheat cultivation. Under NL conditions, the BT nitrogen application model promoted nitrogen uptake in wheat and ameliorated the reduction in grain protein content due to plastic film mulching, and this model is an integrated planting practice that trades off wheat yield and quality. These findings suggest that NLBT is a promising and recommendable cropping practice under RF systems considering resource utilization, high yield and quality, and economic efficiency.
Published: 2023
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12. Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study

Author: Joseph Jon Frostad, QuynhAnh P Nguyen, Mathew M Baumann, Brigette F Blacker, Laurie B Marczak, Aniruddha Deshpande, Kirsten E Wiens, Kate E LeGrand, Kimberly B Johnson, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Amir Abdoli, Hassan Abolhassani, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R M Abrigo, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Victor Adekanmbi, Anurag Agrawal, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Ziyad Al-Aly, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Vahid Alipour, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Adeladza Kofi Amegah, Saeed Amini, Fatemeh Amiri, Dickson A Amugsi, Robert Ancuceanu, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Davood Anvari, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Marcel Ausloos, Getinet Ayano, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Samad Azari, Ashish D Badiye, Atif Amin Baig, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Maciej Banach, Sanjay Basu, Neeraj Bedi, Michelle L Bell, Derrick A Bennett, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Sadia Bibi, Somayeh Bohlouli, Soufiane Boufous, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Dejana Braithwaite, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Ester Cerin, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Sarika Chaturvedi, Simiao Chen, Dinh-Toi Chu, Sheng-Chia Chung, Saad M A Dahlawi, Giovanni Damiani, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Jai K Das, Aditya Prasad Dash, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Diego De Leo, Jan-Walter De Neve, Getu Debalkie Demissie, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Sagnik Dey, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Fariba Dorostkar, Leila Doshmangir, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Hisham Atan Edinur, Ferry Efendi, Maha El Tantawi, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Ibtihal Fadhil, Nazir Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Mansour Ghafourifard, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Syed Amir Gilani, Tiffany K Gill, Alessandra C Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Ayman Grada, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Davide Guido, Yuming Guo, Rajat Das Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Randah R Hamadeh, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Soheil Hassanipour, Khezar Hayat, Behzad Heibati, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Nathaniel J Henry, Claudiu Herteliu, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mohamed Hsairi, Guoqing Hu, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Chidozie C D Iwu, Jalil Jaafari, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Tahereh Javaheri, Ravi Prakash Jha, John S Ji, Jost B Jonas, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Rohollah Kalhor, Naser Kamyari, Tanuj Kanchan, Umesh Kapil, Neeti Kapoor, Gbenga A Kayode, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Yousef Saleh Khader, Nauman Khalid, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Maseer Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Mona M Khater, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Jagdish Khubchandani, Gyu Ri Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Luke D Knibbs, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Faris Hasan Lami, Qing Lan, Savita Lasrado, Paolo Lauriola, Paul H Lee, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Daiane Borges Machado, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Mina Maheri, Azeem Majeed, Afshin Maleki, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Natalie Maria Martinez, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Benjamin K Mayala, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Irmina Maria Michalek, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Maryam Mirzaei, Roya Mirzaei, Babak Moazen, Yousef Mohammad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Paula Moraga, Lidia Morawska, Abbas Mosapour, Simin Mouodi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Satinath Mukhopadhyay, Sandra B Munro, Christopher J L Murray, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Sanjeev Nair, Vinay Nangia, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Javad Nazari, Ionut Negoi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Ahmed Omar Bali, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Anamika Pandey, Eun-Cheol Park, Eun-Kee Park, Sangram Kishor Patel, Hai Quang Pham, Thomas Pilgrim, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Maarten J Postma, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Fakher Rahim, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Sowmya J Rao, Davide Rasella, Prateek Rastogi, Goura Kishor Rath, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Reza Rawassizadeh, Andre M N Renzaho, Bhageerathy Reshmi, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Jennifer Rickard, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Morteza Rostamian, Enrico Rubagotti, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Basema Saddik, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Marwa Rashad Salem, Abdallah M Samy, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, David C Schwebel, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Saeed Shahabi, Amira A Shaheen, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Aziz Sheikh, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Ranjitha S Shetty, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, K M Shivakumar, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Balbir Bagicha Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Yitagesu Sintayehu, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Ireneous N Soyiri, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Leo Stockfelt, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Amir Taherkhani, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Saif Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Era Upadhyay, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Santosh Varughese, Francesco S Violante, Bay Vo, Giang Thu Vu, Yasir Waheed, Yuan-Pang Wang, Catherine A Welgan, Andrea Werdecker, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Sanni Yaya, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Taraneh Yousefinezhadi, Chuanhua Yu, Yong Yu, Sojib Bin Zaman, Yunquan Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Michael Brauer, Simon I Hay, and Robert C Reiner, Jr
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods: We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings: Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000–257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. Interpretation: Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2022
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13. Evaluating Agro-Silvo-Pastoral Rehabilitation: Water, Resilience, and Community Perceptions of Ecosystem Services in the Jordan Valley

Author: Dhehibi, Boubaker, primary, HADDAD, MIRA Esaaf, additional, Gotink, Emily, additional, Souissi, Asma, additional, Al Hiary, Masnat, additional, Strohmeier, Stefan Martin, additional, Alnsour, Mohammad, additional, Zawaidah, Jihad, additional, Hilali, Muhi El-Dine, additional, Govind, Ajit, additional, and Vinay, Nangia, additional
Published: 2024
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14. Brassinosteroids alleviates wheat floret degeneration under low nitrogen stress by promoting the distribution of sucrose from stems to spikes

Author: LIANG, Zi-meng, primary, CAO, Xi-dan, additional, GAO, Rong, additional, GUO, Nian, additional, TANG, Yang-yang, additional, Vinay, Nangia, additional, and LIU, Yang, additional
Published: 2023
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15. Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) GFR Estimating Equations on CKD Prevalence and Classification Among Asians

Author: Bjorn Kaijun Betzler, Rehena Sultana, Feng He, Yih Chung Tham, Cynthia Ciwei Lim, Ya Xing Wang, Vinay Nangia, E. Shyong Tai, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Jost B. Jonas, Se Woong Kang, Kyu Hyung Park, Ching-Yu Cheng, and Charumathi Sabanayagam
Subjects: chronic kidney disease, Asian, glomerular filtration rate, prevalence, epidemiology, creatinine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: BackgroundIn 2021, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) validated a new equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, this new equation is not ethnic-specific, and prevalence of CKD in Asians is known to differ from other ethnicities. This study evaluates the impact of the 2009 and 2021 creatinine-based eGFR equations on the prevalence of CKD in multiple Asian cohorts.MethodsEight population-based studies from China, India, Russia (Asian), Singapore and South Korea provided individual-level data (n = 67,233). GFR was estimated using both the 2009 CKD-EPI equation developed using creatinine, age, sex, and race (eGFRcr [2009, ASR]) and the 2021 CKD-EPI equation developed without race (eGFRcr [2021, AS]). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Published: 2022
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16. Coupling Effects of Nitrogen and Irrigation Levels on Growth Attributes, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Economics of Cotton

Author: Rakesh Kumar, Narendra Kumar Pareek, Uttam Kumar, Talha Javed, Asma A. Al-Huqail, Vijay Singh Rathore, Vinay Nangia, Ashok Choudhary, Gangadhar Nanda, Hayssam M. Ali, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Ahmed F. Youesf, Arkadiusz Telesiński, and Hazem M. Kalaji
Subjects: irrigation, sustainability, nitrogen implantation dosage, cotton, nitrogen use efficiency, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract: Nitrogen (N) fertilization plays a pivotal role in physiomorphological attributes and yield formation of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), but little is known of its interaction with irrigation levels. Therefore, this study was conducted with an objective of evaluating the impact of irrigation and nitrogen levels on growth attributes and nitrogen use efficiency of Bt cotton (Gossypium spp.) in the hot arid region. The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement of three irrigation levels (200, 400, and 600 mm) and four nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg ha–1) in a split-plot design with three replications. Nitrogen fertilization and irrigation levels influenced cotton growth attributes and yield. The highest leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate were achieved at 225 kg N ha–1 and irrigation level 600 mm as compared to other experimental treatments. Similarly, nitrogen uptake and content by seed, lint, and stalk and total nitrogen uptake recorded maximum at 225 kg N ha–1 and irrigation level 600 mm. Interestingly, the treatment of 600 mm of irrigation and 150 kg N ha–1 displayed significant increase in nitrogen use efficiency indices such as agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AEN) and recovery efficiency of nitrogen (REN), while partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) and internal nitrogen use efficiency (iNUE) were significantly higher with application of 600 mm of irrigation and nitrogen application rate of 75 kg ha–1. Application of 600 mm of irrigation along with 225 kg N ha–1 resulted in significant increase in gross return, net return, and B:C ratio than any other treatment combinations. So, application of 600 mm of irrigation along with 225 kg N ha–1 could be recommended for achieving higher growth and yield, as well as profitability of Bt cotton under hot arid region and similar agroecologies.
Published: 2022
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17. Conservation tillage enhances crop productivity and decreases soil nitrogen losses in a rainfed agroecosystem of the Loess Plateau, China

Author: Wang, Weiyan, Yuan, Jinchuan, Gao, Siman, Li, Tong, Li, Yajun, Vinay, Nangia, Mo, Fei, Liao, Yuncheng, and Wen, Xiaoxia
Published: 2020
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18. Identification and Quantification of Actual Evapotranspiration Using Integrated Satellite Data for Sustainable Water Management in Dry Areas

Author: Rania Gamal, Mohamed El-Shirbeny, Ayman Abou-Hadid, Atef Swelam, Abdel-Ghany El-Gindy, Yasser Arafa, and Vinay Nangia
Subjects: energy balance, actual evapotranspiration (ET), random forest (RF), thermal condition factor (TCF), vegetation condition fraction (VCF), water management, Agriculture
Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) is a significant consumer of irrigation water and precipitation on cropland. Global and regional interest in the sustainable management of limited freshwater supplies to meet the rapidly increasing population and food demands has resulted in advanced scientific research on ET measurement, rapid water accounting, and irrigation schedules in the NENA region. The primary goal of this paper is to compare actual daily evapotranspiration (ET) collected by a remote sensing model and validated by Energy Balance (EB) flux tower field measurements. The flux tower was installed in a wheat field in Sids Agricultural Research Station in Beni Suef Governorate. Through the integration of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Sentinel-2 data, a new remote sensing-based ET model is built on two parties: Thermal condition factor (TCF) and vegetation condition fraction (VCF). The remote sensing-based ET estimation model was evaluated using ET field measurements from the Energy Balance flux tower. The land use and land cover maps were created to assist the interpretation of remotely sensed ET data. Field data for five categories were collected to test the accuracy of the land use and cover maps: Water bodies (93 points), urban areas (252 points), trees (104 points), other field crops (227 points), and wheat (249 points), for a total of 925 ground points. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) imported sentinel-2 datasets and filtered the necessary dates and regions. From 1 October 2020 to 30 May 2021, sentinel-2 data were processed and transformed into the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), which were then combined. The composite layer data were classified using the Random Forest (RF) method on the GEE platform, and the results showed an overall accuracy of 91 percent. The validation factors revealed good indices when RS-based ET results were compared to ground-measured ET. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 0.84 mm/day. The ‘r’ and ‘d’ values indicated satisfactory results, where ‘r’ yielded a value of 0.785, which indicates that the correlation between predicted and reference results is robust. The analysis of d values revealed a high degree of correlation between predicted (RS-based ET) and reference results (measured ET). The d value was found to be 0.872. Between 21 November 2020 and 30 April 2021, RS-based accumulated ET was 418 mm/season, while ground-measured ET was 376 mm/season. The new RS-based ET model produced acceptable daily and seasonal results.
Published: 2022
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19. Techno economic feasibility of soybean based cropping systems under varying climates in Madhya Pradesh

Author: null K.V. RAMANA RAO, null YOGESH A RAJWADE, null NEELENDRA SINGH VERMA, null DEEPIKA YADAV, and null VINAY NANGIA
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Forestry, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: Building resilience to climate change through on farm management techniques such as crop diversification, and water management as supplemental irrigation is vital for sustainable agriculture. In the present study, soybean (Glycine Max L.) based cropping systems (sole crop, and intercropped with cotton or pigeon pea) through different combinations of cultivation practices (flatbed, raised bed) and irrigation levels (Rainfed, 66%ETc, 100%ETc and methods (drip, sprinkler) were studied in randomized block design with three replications during kharif season of 2019-20 and 2020-21. Plant growth parameters viz. plant height and dry weight were recorded maximum in rainfed soybean as sole crop, while the number of branches/plant were recorded maximum in sole soybean crop irrigated at 100%ETc. Grain yield (5.37 t ha-1), and water productivity (0.47 kg m-3) were maximum in soybean intercropped with cotton. Overall, cotton+soybean irrigated at 66% ETc can be adopted by farmers to achieve optimal productivity without significant yield penalty.
Published: 2023

20. Retinal photograph-based deep learning algorithms for myopia and a blockchain platform to facilitate artificial intelligence medical research: a retrospective multicohort study

Author: Tien-En Tan, FRCOphth, Ayesha Anees, MSc, Cheng Chen, MSc, Shaohua Li, PhD, Xinxing Xu, PhD, Zengxiang Li, PhD, Zhe Xiao, PhD, Yechao Yang, BSc, Xiaofeng Lei, MSc, Marcus Ang, FRCS (Ed), Audrey Chia, FRANZCO, Shu Yen Lee, FRCS (Ed), Edmund Yick Mun Wong, FRCS (Ed), Ian Yew San Yeo, ProfFRCS (Ed), Yee Ling Wong, PhD, Quan V Hoang, MD, Ya Xing Wang, MD, Mukharram M Bikbov, MD, Vinay Nangia, MD, Jost B Jonas, ProfMD, Yen-Po Chen, MD, Wei-Chi Wu, ProfMD, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, ProfMD, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim, MD, Yih-Chung Tham, PhD, Rick Siow Mong Goh, PhD, Haotian Lin, ProfMD, Hanruo Liu, MD, Ningli Wang, ProfMD, Weihong Yu, ProfMD, Donald Tiang Hwee Tan, ProfFRCS (Ed), Leopold Schmetterer, ProfPhD, Ching-Yu Cheng, ProfMD, Youxin Chen, ProfMD, Chee Wai Wong, MBBS, Gemmy Chui Ming Cheung, ProfFRCOphth, Seang-Mei Saw, ProfPhD, Tien Yin Wong, ProfMD, Yong Liu, PhD, and Daniel Shu Wei Ting, MD
Subjects: Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract: Summary: Background: By 2050, almost 5 billion people globally are projected to have myopia, of whom 20% are likely to have high myopia with clinically significant risk of sight-threatening complications such as myopic macular degeneration. These are diagnoses that typically require specialist assessment or measurement with multiple unconnected pieces of equipment. Artificial intelligence (AI) approaches might be effective for risk stratification and to identify individuals at highest risk of visual loss. However, unresolved challenges for AI medical studies remain, including paucity of transparency, auditability, and traceability. Methods: In this retrospective multicohort study, we developed and tested retinal photograph-based deep learning algorithms for detection of myopic macular degeneration and high myopia, using a total of 226 686 retinal images. First we trained and internally validated the algorithms on datasets from Singapore, and then externally tested them on datasets from China, Taiwan, India, Russia, and the UK. We also compared the performance of the deep learning algorithms against six human experts in the grading of a randomly selected dataset of 400 images from the external datasets. As proof of concept, we used a blockchain-based AI platform to demonstrate the real-world application of secure data transfer, model transfer, and model testing across three sites in Singapore and China. Findings: The deep learning algorithms showed robust diagnostic performance with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves [AUC] of 0·969 (95% CI 0·959–0·977) or higher for myopic macular degeneration and 0·913 (0·906–0·920) or higher for high myopia across the external testing datasets with available data. In the randomly selected dataset, the deep learning algorithms outperformed all six expert graders in detection of each condition (AUC of 0·978 [0·957–0·994] for myopic macular degeneration and 0·973 [0·941–0·995] for high myopia). We also successfully used blockchain technology for data transfer, model transfer, and model testing between sites and across two countries. Interpretation: Deep learning algorithms can be effective tools for risk stratification and screening of myopic macular degeneration and high myopia among the large global population with myopia. The blockchain platform developed here could potentially serve as a trusted platform for performance testing of future AI models in medicine. Funding: None.
Published: 2021
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21. Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

Author: Aniruddha Deshpande, Molly K Miller-Petrie, Paulina A Lindstedt, Mathew M Baumann, Kimberly B Johnson, Brigette F Blacker, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Ayenew Negesse Abejie, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Ahmed Abualhasan, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Abdu A Adamu, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Mohsen Afarideh, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Mehdi Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Anwar E Ahmed, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Ali S Akanda, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Samiah Alam, Noore Alam, Genet Melak Alamene, Turki M Alanzi, James Albright, Ammar Albujeer, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Animut Alebel, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Muhammad Ali, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ali Almasi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Saeed Amini, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Mina Anjomshoa, Ansariadi Ansariadi, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Benny Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Jalal Arabloo, Hany Mohamed Amin Aref, Olatunde Aremu, Bahram Armoon, Amit Arora, Krishna K Aryal, Afsaneh Arzani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Daniel Asmelash, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sachin R Atre, Marcel Ausloos, Shally Awasthi, Nefsu Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Samad Azari, Andrew S Azman, Ebrahim Babaee, Alaa Badawi, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Maciej Banach, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Aleksandra Barac, Miguel A Barboza, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Sanjay Basu, Vo Dinh Bay, Mohsen Bayati, Neeraj Bedi, Mahya Beheshti, Meysam Behzadifar, Masoud Behzadifar, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Michelle L Bell, Derrick A. Bennett, Habib Benzian, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Robert S Bernstein, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Somayeh Bohlouli, Soufiane Boufous, Oliver J Brady, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Gabrielle B Britton, Alexandria Brown, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A Butt, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon, Jorge Cano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz Castro, Ester Cerin, Binaya Chalise, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Ken Lee Chin, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Natalie Maria Cormier, Vera Marisa Costa, Elizabeth A Cromwell, Abel Fekadu Fekadu Dadi, Tukur Dahiru, Saad M A Dahlawi, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Anh Kim Dang, Farah Daoud, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Jai K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Aditya Prasad Dash, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Nicole Davis Weaver, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Jan-Walter De Neve, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Assefa Desalew, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Hoa Thi Do, Christiane Dolecek, Kerrie E Doyle, Eleonora Dubljanin, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Hisham Atan Edinur, Andem Effiong, Aziz Eftekhari, Nevine El Nahas, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Ziad El-Khatib, Hajer Elkout, Aisha Elsharkawy, Shymaa Enany, Daniel Adane Endalew, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Arash Etemadi, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Mohammad Fareed, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Alebachew Fasil Fasil, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Valery L. Feigin, Wubalem Fekadu, Netsanet Fentahun, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Carsten Flohr, Nataliya A. Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Masoud Foroutan, Richard Charles Franklin, Joseph Jon Frostad, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M Gad, Gregory M Garcia, Augustine Mwangi Gatotoh, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Farzaneh Ghazi Sherbaf, Tiffany K Gill, Paramjit Singh Gill, Themba G Ginindza, Alem Girmay, Zemichael Gizaw, Amador Goodridge, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Alessandra C Goulart, Ayman Grada, Manfred S Green, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Davide Guido, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Yuming Guo, Rajeev Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Giang Hai Ha, Juanita A. Haagsma, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Dessalegn H Haile, Michael Tamene Haile, Brian J. Hall, Samer Hamidi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Hamidreza Haririan, Ninuk Hariyani, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Desta Haftu Hayelom, Mohamed I Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Behnam Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa de Hidru, Thomas R Hird, Chi Linh Hoang, Gillian I Hollerich, Praveen Hoogar, Naznin Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Guoqing Hu, Ayesha Humayun, Syed Ather Hussain, Mamusha Aman A Hussen, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D. Ilic, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rebecca Q Ivers, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S Ji, Jost B. Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Tanuj Kanchan, André Karch, Surendra Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Gebrehiwot G Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Gbenga A. Kayode, Mihiretu M Kebede, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Nauman Khalid, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Mona M Khater, Amir M Khater, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mohammad Khazaei, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Ali Kiadaliri, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sonali Kochhar, Tufa Kolola, Hamidreza Komaki, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Nuworza Kugbey, Pushpendra Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Aparna Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Hilton Lam, Faris Hasan Lami, Van Charles Lansingh, Savita Lasrado, Georgy Lebedev, Paul H Lee, Kate E LeGrand, Mostafa Leili, Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Aubrey J Levine, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Jaifred Christian F Lopez, Platon D Lopukhov, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, D.R. Mahadeshwara Prasad, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Narayan B. Mahotra, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A Mamun, Navid Manafi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Gabriel Martinez, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Manu Raj Mathur, Benjamin K Mayala, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Kala M Mehta, Teferi Mekonnen, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Peter T N Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Seid Tiku Mereta, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Workua Mekonnen Metekiya, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Babak Moazen, Bahram Mohajer, Yousef Mohammad, Dara K. Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh, Shafiu Mohammed, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Hassen Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H Mokdad, Yoshan Moodley, Masoud Moradi, Ghobad Moradi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Paula Moraga, Linda Morales, Abbas Mosapour, Jonathan F. Mosser, Simin Mouodi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Miliva Mozaffor, Sandra B Munro, Moses K. Muriithi, Christopher J L Murray, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Saravanan Muthupandian, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Gurudatta Naik, Vinay Nangia, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Javad Nazari, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Ionut Negoi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, QuynhAnh P Nguyen, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Marzieh Nojomi, Ole F Norheim, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Frank B Osei, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Jagadish Rao. Padubidri, Smita Pakhale, Adrian Pana, Eun-Kee Park, Sangram Kishor Patel, Ashish Pathak, Ajay Patle, Kebreab Paulos, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Norberto Perico, Aslam Pervaiz, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Konrad Pesudovs, Hai Quang Pham, David M Pigott, Thomas Pilgrim, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Mario Poljak, Ian Pollock, Maarten J Postma, Farshad Pourmalek, Akram Pourshams, Sergio I Prada, Liliana Preotescu, Hedley Quintana, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Siavash Rahimi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Fatemeh Rajati, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Puja C Rao, Davide Rasella, Goura Kishor Rath, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Wasiq Faraz Rawasia, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Vishnu Renjith, Andre M.N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Enrico Rubagotti, Salvatore Rubino, Anas M Saad, Siamak Sabour, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Yahya Safari, Rajesh Sagar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Nasir Salam, Ahsan Saleem, Hosni Salem, Marwa Rashad Salem, Yahya Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Itamar S Santos, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Mehdi Sayyah, Alyssa N Sbarra, Lauren E Schaeffer, David C Schwebel, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Amira A Shaheen, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, MohammadBagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Rajesh Sharma, Aziz Sheikh, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Si Si, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Virendra Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Balbir Bagicha Singh Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Ambrish Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Eirini Skiadaresi, David L Smith, Adauto Martins Soares Filho, Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh, Anton Sokhan, Joan B Soriano, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Ireneous N Soyiri, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Bryan L. Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Bineyam Taye, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Shishay Wahdey Tekelemedhin, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Akhil Soman ThekkePurakkal, Nihal Thomas, Robert L Thompson, Alan J Thomson, Roman Topor-Madry, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Irfan Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Olalekan A Uthman, Benjamin S. Chudi Uzochukwu, Pascual R Valdez, Santosh Varughese, Yousef Veisani, Francesco S Violante, Sebastian Vollmer, Feleke Gebremeskel W/hawariat, Yasir Waheed, Mitchell Taylor Wallin, Yuan-Pang Wang, Yafeng Wang, Kinley Wangdi, Daniel J Weiss, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Ronny Westerman, Taweewat Wiangkham, Kirsten E Wiens, Tissa Wijeratne, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Getasew Taddesse Worku, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Tomohide Yamada, Mehdi Yaseri, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Alex Yeshaneh, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Paul Yip, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Hebat-Allah Salah A Yousof, Chuanhua Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Siddhesh Zadey, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Hamed Zandian, Heather J Zar, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Yunquan Zhang, Arash Ziapour, Sanjay Zodpey, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, and Robert C Reiner, Jr
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. Findings: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4–40·7) to 50·3% (50·0–50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1–46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5–29·0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253 000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88·6% (95% UI 87·2–89·7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664–711) of the 1830 (1797–1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76·1% (95% UI 71·6–80·7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53·9% (50·6–59·6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017. Interpretation: Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2020
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22. The global distribution of lymphatic filariasis, 2000–18: a geospatial analysis

Author: Aniruddha Deshpande, Molly K Miller-Petrie, Paulina A Lindstedt, Mathew M Baumann, Kimberly B Johnson, Brigette F Blacker, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Ayenew Negesse Abejie, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Ahmed Abualhasan, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Abdu A Adamu, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Mohsen Afarideh, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Mehdi Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Anwar E Ahmed, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Ali S Akanda, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Samiah Alam, Noore Alam, Genet Melak Alamene, Turki M Alanzi, James Albright, Ammar Albujeer, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Animut Alebel, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Muhammad Ali, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ali Almasi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Saeed Amini, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Mina Anjomshoa, Ansariadi Ansariadi, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Benny Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Jalal Arabloo, Hany Mohamed Amin Aref, Olatunde Aremu, Bahram Armoon, Amit Arora, Krishna K Aryal, Afsaneh Arzani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Daniel Asmelash, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sachin R Atre, Marcel Ausloos, Shally Awasthi, Nefsu Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Samad Azari, Andrew S Azman, Ebrahim Babaee, Alaa Badawi, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Maciej Banach, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Aleksandra Barac, Miguel A Barboza, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Sanjay Basu, Vo Dinh Bay, Mohsen Bayati, Neeraj Bedi, Mahya Beheshti, Meysam Behzadifar, Masoud Behzadifar, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Michelle L Bell, Derrick A. Bennett, Habib Benzian, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Robert S Bernstein, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Somayeh Bohlouli, Soufiane Boufous, Oliver J Brady, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Gabrielle B Britton, Alexandria Brown, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A Butt, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon, Jorge Cano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz Castro, Ester Cerin, Binaya Chalise, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Ken Lee Chin, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Natalie Maria Cormier, Vera Marisa Costa, Elizabeth A Cromwell, Abel Fekadu Fekadu Dadi, Tukur Dahiru, Saad M A Dahlawi, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Anh Kim Dang, Farah Daoud, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Jai K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Aditya Prasad Dash, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Nicole Davis Weaver, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Jan-Walter De Neve, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Assefa Desalew, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Hoa Thi Do, Christiane Dolecek, Kerrie E Doyle, Eleonora Dubljanin, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Hisham Atan Edinur, Andem Effiong, Aziz Eftekhari, Nevine El Nahas, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Ziad El-Khatib, Hajer Elkout, Aisha Elsharkawy, Shymaa Enany, Daniel Adane Endalew, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Arash Etemadi, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Mohammad Fareed, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Alebachew Fasil Fasil, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Valery L. Feigin, Wubalem Fekadu, Netsanet Fentahun, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Carsten Flohr, Nataliya A. Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Masoud Foroutan, Richard Charles Franklin, Joseph Jon Frostad, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M Gad, Gregory M Garcia, Augustine Mwangi Gatotoh, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Farzaneh Ghazi Sherbaf, Tiffany K Gill, Paramjit Singh Gill, Themba G Ginindza, Alem Girmay, Zemichael Gizaw, Amador Goodridge, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Alessandra C Goulart, Ayman Grada, Manfred S Green, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Davide Guido, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Yuming Guo, Rajeev Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Giang Hai Ha, Juanita A. Haagsma, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Dessalegn H Haile, Michael Tamene Haile, Brian J. Hall, Samer Hamidi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Hamidreza Haririan, Ninuk Hariyani, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Desta Haftu Hayelom, Mohamed I Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Behnam Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa de Hidru, Thomas R Hird, Chi Linh Hoang, Gillian I Hollerich, Praveen Hoogar, Naznin Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Guoqing Hu, Ayesha Humayun, Syed Ather Hussain, Mamusha Aman A Hussen, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D. Ilic, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rebecca Q Ivers, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S Ji, Jost B. Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Tanuj Kanchan, André Karch, Surendra Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Gebrehiwot G Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Gbenga A. Kayode, Mihiretu M Kebede, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Nauman Khalid, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Mona M Khater, Amir M Khater, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mohammad Khazaei, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Ali Kiadaliri, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sonali Kochhar, Tufa Kolola, Hamidreza Komaki, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Nuworza Kugbey, Pushpendra Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Aparna Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Hilton Lam, Faris Hasan Lami, Van Charles Lansingh, Savita Lasrado, Georgy Lebedev, Paul H Lee, Kate E LeGrand, Mostafa Leili, Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Aubrey J Levine, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Jaifred Christian F Lopez, Platon D Lopukhov, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, D.R. Mahadeshwara Prasad, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Narayan B. Mahotra, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A Mamun, Navid Manafi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Gabriel Martinez, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Manu Raj Mathur, Benjamin K Mayala, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Kala M Mehta, Teferi Mekonnen, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Peter T N Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Seid Tiku Mereta, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Workua Mekonnen Metekiya, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Babak Moazen, Bahram Mohajer, Yousef Mohammad, Dara K. Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh, Shafiu Mohammed, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Hassen Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H Mokdad, Yoshan Moodley, Masoud Moradi, Ghobad Moradi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Paula Moraga, Linda Morales, Abbas Mosapour, Jonathan F. Mosser, Simin Mouodi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Miliva Mozaffor, Sandra B Munro, Moses K. Muriithi, Christopher J L Murray, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Saravanan Muthupandian, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Gurudatta Naik, Vinay Nangia, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Javad Nazari, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Ionut Negoi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, QuynhAnh P Nguyen, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Marzieh Nojomi, Ole F Norheim, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Frank B Osei, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Jagadish Rao. Padubidri, Smita Pakhale, Adrian Pana, Eun-Kee Park, Sangram Kishor Patel, Ashish Pathak, Ajay Patle, Kebreab Paulos, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Norberto Perico, Aslam Pervaiz, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Konrad Pesudovs, Hai Quang Pham, David M Pigott, Thomas Pilgrim, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Mario Poljak, Ian Pollock, Maarten J Postma, Farshad Pourmalek, Akram Pourshams, Sergio I Prada, Liliana Preotescu, Hedley Quintana, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Siavash Rahimi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Fatemeh Rajati, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Puja C Rao, Davide Rasella, Goura Kishor Rath, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Wasiq Faraz Rawasia, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Vishnu Renjith, Andre M.N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Enrico Rubagotti, Salvatore Rubino, Anas M Saad, Siamak Sabour, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Yahya Safari, Rajesh Sagar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Nasir Salam, Ahsan Saleem, Hosni Salem, Marwa Rashad Salem, Yahya Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Itamar S Santos, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Mehdi Sayyah, Alyssa N Sbarra, Lauren E Schaeffer, David C Schwebel, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Amira A Shaheen, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, MohammadBagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Rajesh Sharma, Aziz Sheikh, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Si Si, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Virendra Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Balbir Bagicha Singh Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Ambrish Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Eirini Skiadaresi, David L Smith, Adauto Martins Soares Filho, Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh, Anton Sokhan, Joan B Soriano, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Ireneous N Soyiri, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Bryan L. Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Bineyam Taye, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Shishay Wahdey Tekelemedhin, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Akhil Soman ThekkePurakkal, Nihal Thomas, Robert L Thompson, Alan J Thomson, Roman Topor-Madry, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Irfan Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Olalekan A Uthman, Benjamin S. Chudi Uzochukwu, Pascual R Valdez, Santosh Varughese, Yousef Veisani, Francesco S Violante, Sebastian Vollmer, Feleke Gebremeskel W/hawariat, Yasir Waheed, Mitchell Taylor Wallin, Yuan-Pang Wang, Yafeng Wang, Kinley Wangdi, Daniel J Weiss, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Ronny Westerman, Taweewat Wiangkham, Kirsten E Wiens, Tissa Wijeratne, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Getasew Taddesse Worku, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Tomohide Yamada, Mehdi Yaseri, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Alex Yeshaneh, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Paul Yip, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Hebat-Allah Salah A Yousof, Chuanhua Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Siddhesh Zadey, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Hamed Zandian, Heather J Zar, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Yunquan Zhang, Arash Ziapour, Sanjay Zodpey, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, and Robert C Reiner, Jr
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease that can cause permanent disability through disruption of the lymphatic system. This disease is caused by parasitic filarial worms that are transmitted by mosquitos. Mass drug administration (MDA) of antihelmintics is recommended by WHO to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. This study aims to produce the first geospatial estimates of the global prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection over time, to quantify progress towards elimination, and to identify geographical variation in distribution of infection. Methods: A global dataset of georeferenced surveyed locations was used to model annual 2000–18 lymphatic filariasis prevalence for 73 current or previously endemic countries. We applied Bayesian model-based geostatistics and time series methods to generate spatially continuous estimates of global all-age 2000–18 prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection mapped at a resolution of 5 km2 and aggregated to estimate total number of individuals infected. Findings: We used 14 927 datapoints to fit the geospatial models. An estimated 199 million total individuals (95% uncertainty interval 174–234 million) worldwide were infected with lymphatic filariasis in 2000, with totals for WHO regions ranging from 3·1 million (1·6–5·7 million) in the region of the Americas to 107 million (91–134 million) in the South-East Asia region. By 2018, an estimated 51 million individuals (43–63 million) were infected. Broad declines in prevalence are observed globally, but focal areas in Africa and southeast Asia remain less likely to have attained infection prevalence thresholds proposed to achieve local elimination. Interpretation: Although the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection has declined since 2000, MDA is still necessary across large populations in Africa and Asia. Our mapped estimates can be used to identify areas where the probability of meeting infection thresholds is low, and when coupled with large uncertainty in the predictions, indicate additional data collection or intervention might be warranted before MDA programmes cease. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2020
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23. Effect of Nitrogen Management on Wheat Yield, Water and Nitrogen Utilization, and Economic Benefits under Ridge-Furrow Cropping System with Supplementary Irrigation

Author: Liu, Yi Yang, Qun Qin, Qi Li, Vinay Nangia, Bing Lan, Fei Mo, Yuncheng Liao, and Yang
Subjects: wheat, ridge-furrow planting, water and nitrogen utilization, supplementary irrigation, economic assessment
Abstract: Supplemental irrigation under a ridge-furrow (RF) cropping system is a valuable cropping practice that balances resource efficiency and high crop yield. However, the effects of nitrogen management on crop growth, yield formation, and economic benefits under RF systems have not been clearly investigated. In this study, the experiment was designed with three experimental factorials, including three cropping systems (RF, RF cropping with 80 mm irrigation; TF1, traditional flat cropping with 200 mm irrigation; and TF2, traditional flat cropping with 80 mm irrigation), two nitrogen application rates (NL, 180 kg N ha−1; NH, 240 kg N ha−1), and two fertilizer application models (B, all nitrogen fertilizers were applied basally at the pre-sowing stage; BT, nitrogen fertilizer was applied at both the pre-sowing and jointing stages at a ratio of 1:1). A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on wheat yield, water and nitrogen utilization, and economic benefits under the RF cropping system. The results showed that the RF system significantly increased the soil moisture content and improved the water productivity (WP) and grain yield of wheat. Nitrogen reduction (NL) under the RF system did not affect the water use of the wheat compared with traditional high nitrogen application (NH) but increased the nitrogen uptake and fertilizer productivity of the wheat. Although NL led to a reduction in aboveground dry matter accumulation, it did not significantly affect the yield of wheat but increased the net income of wheat cultivation. Under NL conditions, the BT nitrogen application model promoted nitrogen uptake in wheat and ameliorated the reduction in grain protein content due to plastic film mulching, and this model is an integrated planting practice that trades off wheat yield and quality. These findings suggest that NLBT is a promising and recommendable cropping practice under RF systems considering resource utilization, high yield and quality, and economic efficiency.
Published: 2023
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24. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

Author: Kirsten E Wiens, Paulina A Lindstedt, Brigette F Blacker, Kimberly B Johnson, Mathew M Baumann, Lauren E Schaeffer, Hedayat Abbastabar, Sr, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Ayenew Negesse Abejie, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R M Abrigo, Ahmed Abualhasan, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Dilaram Acharya, Maryam Adabi, Abdu A Adamu, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Sr, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Sr, Beyene Meressa Adhena, Mohsen Afarideh, Sohail Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Anwar E Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Rushdia Ahmed, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Noore Alam, Sr, Samiah Alam, Genet Melak Alamene, Turki M Alanzi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ali Almasi, Sr, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Saeed Amini, Sr, Arianna Maever L Amit, Sr, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Sr, Mina Anjomshoa, Amir Anoushiravani, Sr, Fereshteh Ansari, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Benny Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Jalal Arabloo, Hany Mohamed Amin Aref, Sr, Olatunde Aremu, Bahram Armoon, Amit Arora, Sr, Krishna K Aryal, Afsaneh Arzani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sr, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Sachin R Atre, Marcel Ausloos, Nefsu Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Sr, Yared Asmare Aynalem IV, Samad Azari, Peter S Azzopardi, Ebrahim Babaee, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Alaa Badawi, Sr, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Ayele Geleto Bali, Maciej Banach, Sr, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Sr, Aleksandra Barac, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Huda Basaleem, Sanjay Basu, Vo Dinh Bay, Mohsen Bayati, Estifanos Baye, Neeraj Bedi, Mahya Mahya Beheshti Beheshti, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Behzadifar, Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Yaschilal Muche Belayneh, Michellr L Bell, Sr, Derrick A Bennett, Sr, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Robert S Bernstein, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Sr, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Sr, Suraj Bhattarai, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Binyam Minuye Birihane IV, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Somayeh Bohlouli, Hunduma Amensisa Amensisa Bojia I, Soufiane Boufous, Oliver J Brady, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Gabrielle B Britton, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Sr, Reinhard Busse, Sr, Zahid A Butt, Luis LA Alberto Cámera, Sr, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Sr, Jorge Cano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Sr, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Sr, Franz Castro, Wagaye Fentahun Chanie, Sr, Pranab Chatterjee, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Tesfaye Yitna Yitna Chichiabellu, Jr, Ken Lee Chin, Sr, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Natalie Maria Cormier, Vera Marisa Costa, Carlos Culquichicon, Matiwos Soboka Daba, Giovanni Damiani, Sr, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Anh Kim Dang, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Sr, Jai K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Aditya Prasad Dash, Gail Davey, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Adrian C Davis, Sr, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Getu Debalkie Demissie, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Sr, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Sr, Kebede Deribe, Sr, Assefa Desalew, Aniruddha Deshpande, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Sr, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Shirin Djalalinia, Kerrie E Doyle, Eleonora Dubljanin, Bereket Duko, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Hisham Atan Edinur, Sr, Andem Effiong, Sr, Aziz Eftekhari, Nevine El Nahas, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Teshome Bekele Elema I, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Sr, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Hajer Elkout, Aisha Elsharkawy, Iqbal RF Elyazar, Aklilu Endalamaw, Daniel Adane Endalew, Sr, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Alireza Esteghamati, Sadaf Esteghamati, Sr, Arash Etemadi, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Mohammad Fareed, Roghiyeh Faridnia, Farshad Farzadfar, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Valery L Feigin, Sr, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Sr, Masoud Foroutan, Richard Charles Franklin, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M Gad, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Teshome Gebre, Sr, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Sr, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Sr, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Pramesh Raj Ghimire, Sr, Paramjit Singh Gill, Sr, Tiffany K Gill, Themba G G Ginindza, Nelson G M Gomes, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Alessandra C Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Ayman Grada, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Sr, Davide Guido, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Yuming Guo, Sr, Rajeev Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Dessalegn H Haile, Sr, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Arya Haj-Mirzaian, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Hamidreza Haririan, Sr, Ninuk Hariyani, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Md Mehedi Hasan, Edris Hasanpoor, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hadi Hassankhani, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Mohamed I Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Behnam Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Sr, Nathaniel J Henry, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa de Hidru I, Thomas R Hird, Chi Linh Hoang, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Praveen Hoogar, Mohammad Hoseini, Naznin Hossain, Mostafa Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Mohamed Hsairi, Sr, Guoqing Hu, Mohammedaman Mama Hussen, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Ehimario U Igumbor, Sr, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D Ilic, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Neda Izadi, Sr, Anelisa Jaca, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S Ji, Sr, Jost B Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Sr, Amaha Kahsay, Hamed Kalani, Tanuj Kanchan, Behzad Karami Matin, André Karch, Mohd Anisul Karim, Hamidreza Karimi-Sari, Surendra Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Yawukal chane Kasahun, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Gebrehiwot G Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Gbenga A Kayode, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Mihiretu M Kebede, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Sr, Andre Pascal Kengne, Sr, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Nauman Khalid, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Sr, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan I, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Khaled Khatab, Sr, Amir M Khater, Mona M Khater, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mohammad Khazaei, Salman Khazaei, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Ali Kiadaliri, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Niranjan Kissoon, Sr, Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah M KMShivakumar, Sr, Sonali Kochhar, Tufa Kolola, Sr, Hamidreza Komaki, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Moritz U G Kraemer, Kewal Krishan, Nuworza Kugbey, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Sr, Pushpendra Kumar, Vivek Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Sheetal D Lad, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Felix Lam, Faris Hasan Lami, Sr, Prabhat Lamichhane, Van Charles Lansingh, Savita Lasrado, Avula Laxmaiah, Paul H Lee, Sr, Kate E LeGrand, Mostafa Leili, Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Sr, Aubrey J Levine, Shanshan Li, Sr, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Simin Liu, Rakesh Lodha, Joshua Longbottom, Jaifred Christian F Lopez, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, D R Mahadeshwara Prasad, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Sr, Narayan B Mahotra, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Sr, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A Mamun, Sr, Navid Manafi, Sr, Ana Laura Manda, Narendar Dawani Dawanu Manohar, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Joemer C Maravilla, Gabriel Martinez, Sr, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Anthony Masaka, Benjamin Ballard Massenburg, Manu Raj Mathur, Benjamin K Mayala, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Sr, Kala M Mehta, Tefera C Chane Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Peter T N Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Sr, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Seid Tiku Mereta, Tuomo J Meretoja, Sr, Tomislav Mestrovic, Bartosz Miazgowski, Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie, Sr, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Babak Moazen, Bahram Mohajer, Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Dara K Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Yousef Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh, Noushin Mohammadifard, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Sr, Shafiu Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Yoshan Moodley, Sr, Catrin E Moore, Sr, Ghobad Moradi, Masoud Moradi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Paula Moraga, Linda Morales, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Abbas Mosapour, Simin Mouodi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Miliva Mozaffor I, Kindie Fentahun Muchie, Sr, Getahun Fentaw Mulaw, Sr, Sandra B Munro, Moses K Muriithi, Christopher J L Murray, GVS Murthy, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Sr, Saravanan Muthupandian, Sr, Ashraf F Nabhan, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Kovin S Naidoo, Gurudatta Naik, Farid Najafi, Vinay Nangia, Sr, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Sr, Javad Nazari, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Sr, Ionut Negoi, Sr, Henok Biresaw Netsere Netsere, Sr, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Sr, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Dabere Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Marzieh Nojomi, Vuong Minh Nong, Ole F Norheim, Sr, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Soraya Nouraei Motlagh, Bogdan Oancea, Okechukwu Samuel Ogah, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Sr, Eyal Oren, Doris V V Ortega-Altamirano, Sr, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Frank B Osei, Sr, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Sr, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Smita Pakhale, Sangram Kishor Patel, Angel J Paternina-Caicedo, Sr, Ashish Pathak, Sr, George C Patton, Deepak Paudel, Sr, Kebreab Paulos, Sr, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Alexandre Pereira, Norberto Perico, Aslam Pervaiz, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Maarten J Postma, Hadi Pourjafar, Farshad Pourmalek, Sr, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Sergio I Prada, Sr, Narayan Prasad, Liliana Preotescu, Hedley Quintana, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, SHAFIUR Rahman, Fatemeh Rajati, Sr, Saleem Muhammad Rana, Sr, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Davide Rasella, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Sr, Lal Rawal, Wasiq Faraz Rawasia, Vishnu Renjith, Andre M N Renzaho, Sr, Serge Resnikoff, Sr, Melese Abate Reta, Negar Rezaei, Mohammad sadegh Rezai, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Sr, Maria Rios-Blancas, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Elias Merdassa Roro, Sr, Jennifer M Ross, Enrico Rubagotti, Salvatore Rubino, Anas M Saad, Yogesh Damodar Sabde, Siamak Sabour, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sr, Yahya Safari, Roya Safari-Faramani, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S Mohammad Sajadi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Nasir Salam, Sr, Payman Salamati, Hosni Salem, Marwa R Rashad Salem I, Yahya Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Sr, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Kaushik Sarkar, Sr, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Nizal Sarrafzadegan I, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Monika Sawhney, Sonia Saxena, Sr, David C Schwebel, Sr, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta IV, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Sr, Hosein Shabaninejad, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Sr, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Sr, Seifadin Ahmed Shallo, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, MohammadBagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Hamid Sharifi, Hatem Samir Shehata, Sr, Aziz Sheikh, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Sr, Kenji Shibuya, Sr, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Sr, Desalegn Markos Shifti, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Sr, Reza Shirkoohi, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Ambrish Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Virendra Singh, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Eirini Skiadaresi, Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh, Sr, Anton Sokhan, Shahin Soltani, Ranjani Somayaji, Moslem Soofi, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Sr, Ireneous N Soyiri, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Sr, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Marufa Sultana, Bruno Fokas Sunguya, Bryan L Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Jr, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Aberash Abay Tasew, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Sr, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Berhe Etsay Tesfay I, Fisaha Haile Haile Tesfay, Belay Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Nihal Thomas, Alemayehu Toma Toma, Sr, Roman Topor-Madry, Marcos Roberto Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Irfan Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Sr, Benjamin S Chudi Uzochukwu, Sr, Pascual R Valdez, Santosh Varughese, Sr, Francesco S Violante, Sr, Sebastian Vollmer, Sr, Feleke Gebremeskel W/hawariat, Sr, Yasir Waheed, Mitchell Taylor Wallin, Yafeng Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Marcia Weaver, Bedilu Girma Weji, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Catherine A Welgan, Andrea Werdecker, Ronny Westerman, Sr, Taweewat Wiangkham, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Sr, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Sr, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Sr, Getasew Taddesse Worku, Sr, Ai-Min Wu, Gelin Xu, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Tomohide Yamada, Sr, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Alex Yeshaneh, Christopher Sabo Yilgwan, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Paul Yip, Sr, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Sr, Seok-Jun Yoon, Mustafa Z Younis, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Hebat-Allah Salah A Yousof, Chuanhua Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Siddhesh Zadey, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Hamed Zandian, Nejimu Biza Zepro, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Yunquan Zhang, Xiu-Ju George Zhao, Arash Ziapour, Sanjay Zodpey, Sr, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, and Robert C Reiner, Jr
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910–68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average. Interpretation: To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers' understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2020
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25. Explaining farmers’ reluctance to adopt recommendations for sustainable ecosystem management

Author: Bezaiet Dessalegn, Ludmilla Kiktenko, Balzhan Zhumagazina, Saltanat Zhakenova, and Vinay Nangia
Subjects: Ecosystem services, Sustainable management, Valuation, Willingness to forego, Risk and uncertainty, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Introduction The lower Syr Darya River Basin is an integral part of the Aral Sea Basin that is shared by four riparian countries. In Kazakhstan, the water is mainly used for agricultural purposes. However, the poor quality and insufficient quantity of water and the overall degradation of natural resources due to unsustainable management practices threaten the profitability of the sector. The situation is even worse for downstream users. Three alternative scenarios for sustainable water and land management were developed using the RIOS and SWAT models as decision support tools. The scenario that offered the highest water and land productivity was presented to farmers to assess their willingness to forgo their current practices and adopt proposed management practices. We introduce willingness to forego (WTF)—a qualitative approach and a variant of the concept of opportunity costs to look beyond hypothetical markets to trading current benefits for future returns. We also tap into literature on agricultural risk management to provide additional insight into farmers’ rationale behind their choices. Result Generally, despite their stated preference to conserve ecosystem services, farmers’ actions were found to be inconsistent with the proposed sustainable management. WTF analysis revealed that farmers’ desire to maximize current benefits and more importantly to minimize future risks override all sustainability considerations. Their WTF current benefits mainly depended on their location along the canal and hence their access to water and land, overall cost of production, market conditions that informed their crop choices, and the cost of adopting recommended packages. While the results remain specific to this case, they are consistent with the literature that links farmers’ behaviors to ecological performances. Conclusions The study highlights the limitations of decision support tools and other valuation approaches including willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (payment) (WTA), to capture the delicate trade-offs that need to be considered to ensure household food and income security and encourage adoption of sustainable ecosystem management practices. Adequate information on potential effects of proposed conservation measures on yield, markets and hence farm profits, and availability of other alternatives are critical in shaping farmers’ decisions.
Published: 2018
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26. Community care for diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma in India: A panel discussion

Author: Padmaja Kumari Rani, Vinay Nangia, Krishna R Murthy, Rohit C Khanna, and Taraprasad Das
Subjects: Community care, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and glaucoma are emerging causes of blindness and visual impairment in India and the world. Both diseases do not have any early warning symptoms, and once the symptoms appear, the diseases are reasonably advanced. Because of the long-standing nature of the diseases, one cannot adopt the cataract detection and treatment model so successfully developed in India. It requires an altogether different approach for screening and related infrastructure including human capital development. The solutions developed to reduce the burden of DR/glaucoma should be customized to urban, semi-urban, and rural areas. Greater advocacy, improving the health-seeking behavior, development of infrastructure and skilled personnel appropriate for the points of care, and an emphasis in comprehensive eye care are some of the solutions.
Published: 2018
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27. A Holistic Framework towards Developing a Climate-Smart Agri-Food System in the Middle East and North Africa: A Regional Dialogue and Synthesis

Author: Ajit Govind, Jacques Wery, Bezaiet Dessalegn, Amgad Elmahdi, Zewdie Bishaw, Vinay Nangia, Chandrashekhar Biradar, Zaib Un Nisa, Kibrom Abay, Giriraj Amarnath, Clemens Breisinger, Nabil Ahmed Ibrahim, Charles Kleinermann, Abdoul Aziz Niane, and Marja Thijssen
Subjects: climate preparedness, research for development Lifts, public–private partnerships, climate smart agri-food systems, MENA region, Agriculture
Abstract: Agriculture and agri-food systems of the highly vulnerable Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region needs a radical transformation under a changing climate. Based on a two-year effort, initially we developed a mega hypothesis on how to achieve climate-smart agri-food transformation in the region. In the study, we hypothesized that “Climate-Smart Lifts” implemented in the enabling environments can rapidly facilitate agri-food transformation in the region. In order to gather the stakeholders’ perception about this, we organized a collective conversation among ~400 stakeholders that represent various scales and sectors within the agriculture sector in MENA. These “listening cum learning consultations” were conducted through a survey followed by a series of webinars. The webinar discussions were strategically guided based on our hypothesis, the responses from the surveys and the regional needs. These discussions provided a forum to bring-out the stakeholders’ perspective on what new knowledge, partnerships, instruments and projects were needed in the MENA. The deliberation focused on the opportunities of public–private partnerships focusing in all the four major agroecosystems in MENA (irrigated, rainfed, rangelands, and deserts). In result, we developed an effective framework for strategic resource mobilization in the region, keeping in view the strong regional needs for climate actions and the requisite long-term commitments for the SDGs implementation.
Published: 2021
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28. Microbial functional genes within soil aggregates drive organic carbon mineralization under contrasting tillage practices

Author: Wang, Weiyan, primary, Zhang, Houping, additional, Vinay, Nangia, additional, Wang, Dong, additional, Mo, Fei, additional, Liao, Yuncheng, additional, and Wen, Xiaoxia, additional
Published: 2023
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29. Proximal thermal imaging‐based irrigation scheduling for bread wheat in Egypt

Author: Mohie El Din Omar and Vinay Nangia
Subjects: Soil Science, Agronomy and Crop Science
Published: 2023

30. A synthesis of soil organic carbon mineralization in response to biochar amendment

Author: Zhang, Yeye, primary, Dang, Yuteng, additional, Wang, Jinxia, additional, Huang, Qiu, additional, Wang, Xiukang, additional, Yao, Liru, additional, Vinay, Nangia, additional, Yu, Kailiang, additional, Wen, Xiaoxia, additional, Xiong, Youcai, additional, Liao, Yuncheng, additional, Han, Juan, additional, and Mo, Fei, additional
Published: 2022
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31. Effective refractive error coverage in adults aged 50 years and older: estimates from population-based surveys in 61 countries

Author: Rupert Richard Alexander Bourne, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Tabassom Sedighi, Ian H Tapply, Ian McCormick, Jost B Jonas, Nathan G Congdon, Jacqueline Ramke, Kovin S Naidoo, Timothy R Fricke, Matthew J Burton, Andreas Müller, Mukharram M Bikbov, João M Furtado, Fatima Kyari, Mingguang He, Ya Xing Wang, Lingam Vijaya, Vinay Nangia, Garry Brian, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Akbar Fotouhi, Hassan Hashemi, Rajiv B Khandekar, Srinivas Marmamula, Solange Salomão, Ronnie George, Gyulli Kazakbaeva, Tasanee Braithwaite, Robert J Casson, Aiko Iwase, Noopur Gupta, Mohammad H Abdianwall, Rohit Varma, Tien Y Wong, Ningli Wang, Hugh R Taylor, Seth R Flaxman, Stuart Keel, Serge Resnikoff, Alain Bron, Ching-Yu Cheng, Arthur Fernandes, David Friedman, Andrew Gazzard, Rim Kahloun, John Kempen, Moncef Khairallah, Van C Lansingh, Janet Leasher, Nicolas Leveziel, Hans Limburg, Michal Nowak, Konrad Pesudovs, Tunde Peto, Luca Rossetti, Nina Tahhan, Wondu Alemayehu, Aries Arditi, Reza Dana, Monte Del Monte, jenny Deva, Laura Dreer, Josh Ehrlich, Leon Ellwein, Billy Hammond, Mary E Hartnett, April Ingram, Rohit Khanna, Judy Kim, Jennifer Lim, Alan Morse, David Musch, Maurizio B Parodi, Pradeep Ramulu, Alan Robin, Janet Serle, Tueng Shen, Rita S Sitorus, Dwight Stambolian, Fotis Topouzis, Miltiadis Tsilimbaris, Gianni Virgili, Sheila West, Jafer K Ababora, Heba AlSawahli, Hery Harimanitra Andriamanjato, Rosario Barrenechea, Juan F Batlle, Anthea M Burnett, Robert P Finger, Marcelo Gallarreta, Pedro A Gomez-Bastar, Reeta Gurung, Elesh Jain, George E Kabona, Khumbo Kalua, Levi Kandeke, Jefitha Karimurio, Susan A Kikira, Sucheta Kulkarni, Wanjiku Mathenge, Sailesh Kumar Mishra, Seyed Farzad Mohammadi, Manfred Mörchen, Nasiru Muhammad, Grace C Mutati, Maria Eugenia Nano, János Németh, Ala Paduca, Alexander Páez, M Mansur Rabiu, Lutfah Rif'ati, Mohamad Aziz Salowi, Yuddha D Sapkota, Nicholas Sargent, Ubeydulla Thoufeeq, Astrid V Villalobos, Biaxiang Xiao, Mariano Yee Melgar, and Xiu Juan Zhang
Subjects: Adult, Male, Europe, Humans, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Global Health, Refractive Errors, Africa South of the Sahara, Aged, Global Burden of Disease
Abstract: In 2021, WHO Member States endorsed a global target of a 40-percentage-point increase in effective refractive error coverage (eREC; with a 6/12 visual acuity threshold) by 2030. This study models global and regional estimates of eREC as a baseline for the WHO initiative.The Vision Loss Expert Group analysed data from 565 448 participants of 169 population-based eye surveys conducted since 2000 to calculate eREC (met need/[met need + undermet need + unmet need]). A binary logistic regression model was used to estimate eREC by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study super region among adults aged 50 years and older.In 2021, distance eREC was 79·1% (95% CI 72·4-85·0) in the high-income super region; 62·1% (54·7-68·8) in north Africa and Middle East; 49·5% (45·0-54·0) in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; 40·0% (31·7-48·2) in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania; 34·5% (29·4-40·0) in Latin America and the Caribbean; 9·0% (6·5-12·0) in south Asia; and 5·7% (3·1-9·0) in sub-Saharan Africa. eREC was higher in men and reduced with increasing age. Global distance eREC increased from 2000 to 2021 by 19·0%. Global near vision eREC for 2021 was 20·5% (95% CI 17·8-24·4).Over the past 20 years, distance eREC has increased in each super region yet the WHO target will require substantial improvements in quantity and quality of refractive services in particular for near vision impairment.WHO, Sightsavers, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Fondation Thea, Brien Holden Vision Institute, Lions Clubs International Foundation.
Published: 2022

32. Analysis of challenges for management education in India using total interpretive structural modelling

Author: Ritika Mahajan, Rajat Agrawal, Vinay Sharma, and Vinay Nangia
Published: 2016
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33. Managing Scarce Water Resources in the Drylands of West Asia and North Africa: Review of Joint Research between ICARDA and Japanese Researchers

Author: Masafumi TAMURA, Theib OWEIS, Vinay NANGIA, and Stefan STROHMEIER
Subjects: Ecology, Animal Science and Zoology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Biotechnology
Published: 2021

34. Performance of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) under Varying Levels of Irrigation and Nitrogen

Author: Rakesh Kumar, N.K. Pareek, V.S. Rathore, Vinay Nangia, Amit Kumawat, Arvind Kumar, Bheem Pareek, and Mamta Meena
Subjects: Soil Science, Plant Science, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: Background: Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) is important commercial crop which belongs to family Leguminosae and has capacity to fix the atmospheric nitrogen. The nitrogen fixed by the legume crop is not enough to meet the demand of short duration crop like clusterbean. Besides, the experimental site falls under arid region where drought stress and poor distribution of rain during the crop growing cycle is common which affects the crop growth and productivity. Drawing on these insights, the study was planned to assess the performance of cluster bean with objectives to quantify water balance and to calculate suitable levels of irrigation and nitrogen. Methods: The experiment was conducted at research farm, Agricultural research sub-station, Hanumangarh, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner during Kharif, 2016. Cluster bean variety RGC-1055 with seed rate of 16 kg ha-1 was planted with 3 levels of irrigation (100, 200 and 300 mm) and 4 levels of nitrogen (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) and analyzed in split plot design with three replications. Result: Results showed by that the irrigation and nitrogen application rates significantly influenced the growth parameters, yield, nitrogen content and uptake by cluster bean. Irrigation level 200 mm significantly increased leaf area index at 60 DAS (2.62), dry matter accumulation (DMA) at 60 DAS and harvest (16.51 and 42.62 g plant-1), crop growth rate at 30-60 DAS and at harvest (0.36 and 0.62 g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate at 60- at harvest (1.59 g g-1 day-1), grain yield (1624 kg ha-1), straw yield (3645 kg ha-1) and biological yield (5270 kg ha-1) over irrigation level 100 mm, but statistically at par with irrigation level 300 mm. However, leaf area index at harvest (1.24) was highest at 300 mm irrigation level. Nitrogen level at 40 kg ha-1 significantly increased leaf area index at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest (0.19, 2.65 and 1.16), dry matter accumulation at 60 DAS and at harvest (19.62 and 49.58 g plant-1), crop growth rate at 30-60 DAS and 60- harvest (0.46 and 0.71 g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate at 30-60 DAS and 60-harvest (1.26 and 1.66 g g-1 day-1), grain yield (1668 kg ha-1), straw yield (3696 kg ha-1) and biological yield (5364 kg ha-1) over control. The highest nitrogen content and uptake in grain and straw was obtained with irrigation level at 300 mm and nitrogen level @ 60 kg ha-1.
Published: 2022

35. Micro-Watershed Management for Erosion Control Using Soil and Water Conservation Structures and SWAT Modeling

Author: Ghulam Nabi, Fiaz Hussain, Ray-Shyan Wu, Vinay Nangia, and Riffat Bibi
Subjects: SWAT modeling, soil erosion, land management, soil conservation stone structures, Hydraulic engineering, TC1-978, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, TD201-500
Abstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness of soil and water conservation structures for soil erosion control by applying a semi-distributed Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in various small watersheds of the Chakwal and Attock districts of Pothwar, Pakistan. The validated model without soil conservation structures was applied to various ungauged small watershed sites with soil conservation stone structures. The stone bund-type structure intervention was used in the model through the modification of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to support the practice factor (P-factor), the curve number, and the average slope length for the sub-basin (SLSUBBSN). The structures had significant effects, and the average sediment yield reduction caused by the soil conservation stone structures at these sites varied from 40% to 90%. The sediment yield and erosion reductions were also compared under conditions involving vegetation cover change. Agricultural land with winter wheat crops had a higher sediment yield than fallow land with crop residue. The fallow land facilitated sediment yield reduction, along with soil conservation structures. The slope classification analysis indicated that 60% of the agricultural area of the Chakwal and Attock districts lie in a slope range of 0–4%, where considerable potential exists for implementing soil conservation measures by installing soil conservation stone structures. The slope analysis measured the suitability of conservation structures in the semi-mountainous Pothwar area in accordance with agriculture practice on land having a slope of less than 5%. The SWAT model provides reliable performance for erosion control and watershed management in soil erosion-prone areas with steep slopes and heavy rainfall. These findings can serve as references for policymakers and planners.
Published: 2020
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36. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990–2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Seth R Flaxman, PhD, Rupert R A Bourne, ProfMD, Serge Resnikoff, ProfMD, Peter Ackland, MPhil, Tasanee Braithwaite, MPH, Maria V Cicinelli, MD, Aditi Das, MD, Jost B Jonas, ProfMD, Jill Keeffe, ProfPhD, John H Kempen, MD, Janet Leasher, ProfOD, Hans Limburg, PhD, Kovin Naidoo, PhD, Konrad Pesudovs, ProfPhD, Alex Silvester, MD, Gretchen A Stevens, D.Sc, Nina Tahhan, PhD, Tien Y Wong, ProfPhD, Hugh R Taylor, MD, Rupert Bourne, Peter Ackland, Aries Arditi, Yaniv Barkana, Banu Bozkurt, Tasanee Braithwaite, Alain Bron, Donald Budenz, Feng Cai, Robert Casson, Usha Chakravarthy, Jaewan Choi, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Nathan Congdon, Reza Dana, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Aditi Das, Iva Dekaris, Monte Del Monte, Jenny deva, Laura Dreer, Leon Ellwein, Marcela Frazier, Kevin Frick, David Friedman, Joao Furtado, Hua Gao, Gus Gazzard, Ronnie George, Stephen Gichuhi, Victor Gonzalez, Billy Hammond, Mary Elizabeth Hartnett, Minguang He, James Hejtmancik, Flavio Hirai, John Huang, April Ingram, Jonathan Javitt, Jost Jonas, Charlotte Joslin, Jill Keeffe, John Kempen, Moncef Khairallah, Rohit Khanna, Judy Kim, George Lambrou, Van Charles Lansingh, Paolo Lanzetta, Janet Leasher, Jennifer Lim, Hans LIMBURG, Kaweh Mansouri, Anu Mathew, Alan Morse, Beatriz Munoz, David Musch, Kovin Naidoo, Vinay Nangia, Maria Palaiou, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi, Fernando Yaacov Pena, Konrad Pesudovs, Tunde Peto, Harry Quigley, Murugesan Raju, Pradeep Ramulu, Zane Rankin, Serge Resnikoff, Dana Reza, Alan Robin, Luca Rossetti, Jinan Saaddine, Mya Sandar, Janet Serle, Tueng Shen, Rajesh Shetty, Pamela Sieving, Juan Carlos Silva, Alex Silvester, Rita S. Sitorus, Dwight Stambolian, Gretchen Stevens, Hugh Taylor, Jaime Tejedor, James Tielsch, Miltiadis Tsilimbaris, Jan van Meurs, Rohit Varma, Gianni Virgili, Ya Xing Wang, Ning-Li Wang, Sheila West, Peter Wiedemann, Tien Wong, Richard Wormald, and Yingfeng Zheng
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Contemporary data for causes of vision impairment and blindness form an important basis of recommendations in public health policies. Refreshment of the Global Vision Database with recently published data sources permitted modelling of cause of vision loss data from 1990 to 2015, further disaggregation by cause, and forecasts to 2020. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analysed published and unpublished population-based data for the causes of vision impairment and blindness from 1980 to 2014. We identified population-based studies published before July 8, 2014, by searching online databases with no language restrictions (MEDLINE from Jan 1, 1946, and Embase from Jan 1, 1974, and the WHO Library Database). We fitted a series of regression models to estimate the proportion of moderate or severe vision impairment (defined as presenting visual acuity of 14% of blindness) as causes in the high-income subregions. Blindness and vision impairment at all ages in 2015 due to diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 2·52 [1·48–3·73]) and cataract (1·21 [1·17–1·25]) were more common among women than among men, whereas blindness and vision impairment due to glaucoma (0·71 [0·57–0·86]) and corneal opacity (0·54 [0·43–0·66]) were more common among men than among women, with no sex difference related to age-related macular degeneration (0·91 [0·70–1·14]). Interpretation: The number of people affected by the common causes of vision loss has increased substantially as the population increases and ages. Preventable vision loss due to cataract (reversible with surgery) and refractive error (reversible with spectacle correction) continue to cause most cases of blindness and moderate or severe vision impairment in adults aged 50 years and older. A large scale-up of eye care provision to cope with the increasing numbers is needed to address avoidable vision loss. Funding: Brien Holden Vision Institute.
Published: 2017
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37. Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Prof Rupert R A Bourne, MD, Seth R Flaxman, BA, Tasanee Braithwaite, MPH, Maria V Cicinelli, MD, Aditi Das, MD, Jost B Jonas, MD, Jill Keeffe, PhD, John H Kempen, MD, Janet Leasher, OD, Hans Limburg, PhD, Kovin Naidoo, PhD, Konrad Pesudovs, PhD, Serge Resnikoff, MD, Alex Silvester, MD, Gretchen A Stevens, DSc, Nina Tahhan, PhD, Tien Y Wong, PhD, Hugh R Taylor, MD, Rupert Bourne, Peter Ackland, Aries Arditi, Yaniv Barkana, Banu Bozkurt, TASANEE BRAITHWAITE, Alain Bron, Donald Budenz, Feng Cai, Robert Casson, Usha Chakravarthy, Jaewan Choi, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Nathan Congdon, Reza Dana, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Aditi Das, Iva Dekaris, Monte Del Monte, Jenny Deva, Laura Dreer, Leon Ellwein, Marcela Frazier, Kevin Frick, David Friedman, Joao Furtado, Hua Gao, Gus Gazzard, Ronnie George, Stephen Gichuhi, Victor Gonzalez, Billy Hammond, Mary Elizabeth Hartnett, Minguang He, James Hejtmancik, Flavio Hirai, John Huang, April Ingram, Jonathan Javitt, Jost Jonas, Charlotte Joslin, Jill Keeffe, John Kempen, Moncef Khairallah, Rohit Khanna, Judy Kim, George Lambrou, Van Charles Lansingh, Paolo Lanzetta, Janet Leasher, Jennifer Lim, Hans LIMBURG, Kaweh Mansouri, Anu Mathew, Alan Morse, Beatriz Munoz, David Musch, Kovin Naidoo, Vinay Nangia, MARIA PALAIOU, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi, Fernando Yaacov Pena, Konrad Pesudovs, Tunde Peto, Harry Quigley, Murugesan Raju, Pradeep Ramulu, Serge Resnikoff, Alan Robin, Luca Rossetti, Jinan Saaddine, MYA SANDAR, Janet Serle, Tueng Shen, Rajesh Shetty, Pamela Sieving, Juan Carlos Silva, Alex Silvester, Rita S Sitorus, Dwight Stambolian, Gretchen Stevens, Hugh Taylor, Jaime Tejedor, James Tielsch, Miltiadis Tsilimbaris, Jan van Meurs, Rohit Varma, Gianni Virgili, Jimmy Volmink, Ya Xing Wang, Ning-Li Wang, Sheila West, Peter Wiedemann, Tien Wong, Richard Wormald, and Yingfeng Zheng
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: Global and regional prevalence estimates for blindness and vision impairment are important for the development of public health policies. We aimed to provide global estimates, trends, and projections of global blindness and vision impairment. Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based datasets relevant to global vision impairment and blindness that were published between 1980 and 2015. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate the prevalence (by age, country, and sex), in 2015, of mild visual impairment (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 to 6/18 inclusive), moderate to severe visual impairment (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 to 3/60 inclusive), blindness (presenting visual acuity worse than 3/60), and functional presbyopia (defined as presenting near vision worse than N6 or N8 at 40 cm when best-corrected distance visual acuity was better than 6/12). Findings: Globally, of the 7·33 billion people alive in 2015, an estimated 36·0 million (80% uncertainty interval [UI] 12·9–65·4) were blind (crude prevalence 0·48%; 80% UI 0·17–0·87; 56% female), 216·6 million (80% UI 98·5–359·1) people had moderate to severe visual impairment (2·95%, 80% UI 1·34–4·89; 55% female), and 188·5 million (80% UI 64·5–350·2) had mild visual impairment (2·57%, 80% UI 0·88–4·77; 54% female). Functional presbyopia affected an estimated 1094·7 million (80% UI 581·1–1686·5) people aged 35 years and older, with 666·7 million (80% UI 364·9–997·6) being aged 50 years or older. The estimated number of blind people increased by 17·6%, from 30·6 million (80% UI 9·9–57·3) in 1990 to 36·0 million (80% UI 12·9–65·4) in 2015. This change was attributable to three factors, namely an increase because of population growth (38·4%), population ageing after accounting for population growth (34·6%), and reduction in age-specific prevalence (−36·7%). The number of people with moderate and severe visual impairment also increased, from 159·9 million (80% UI 68·3–270·0) in 1990 to 216·6 million (80% UI 98·5–359·1) in 2015. Interpretation: There is an ongoing reduction in the age-standardised prevalence of blindness and visual impairment, yet the growth and ageing of the world's population is causing a substantial increase in number of people affected. These observations, plus a very large contribution from uncorrected presbyopia, highlight the need to scale up vision impairment alleviation efforts at all levels. Funding: Brien Holden Vision Institute.
Published: 2017
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38. Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

Author: Dana Bryazka, Marissa B Reitsma, Max G Griswold, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Amir Abdoli, Mohammad Abdollahi, Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah, E S Abhilash, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Juan Manuel Acuna, Giovanni Addolorato, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Victor Adekanmbi, Kishor Adhikari, Sangeet Adhikari, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saira Afzal, Wubetu Yimam Agegnehu, Manik Aggarwal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Md Zakiul Alam, Dejene Tsegaye Alem, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Yousef Alimohamadi, Atiyeh Alizadeh, Kasim Allel, Jordi Alonso, Saba Alvand, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Firehiwot Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Sohrab Amiri, Robert Ancuceanu, Jason A Anderson, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Jalal Arabloo, Muhammad Arshad, Anton A Artamonov, Zahra Aryan, Malke Asaad, Mulusew A Asemahagn, Thomas Astell-Burt, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Prince Atorkey, Alok Atreya, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre ayanore Ayanore, Olatunde O Ayinde, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Sina Azadnajafabad, Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ahmed Y Azzam, Ashish D Badiye, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Awraris Hailu Balchut/Bilchut, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Luis Belo, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Benseñor, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Elena A Elena Blokhina, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Archith Boloor, Cristina Bosetti, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Andre R Brunoni, Zahid A Butt, Chao Cao, Yin Cao, Rosario Cárdenas, Andre F Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Giulio Castelpietra, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Nicolas Cherbuin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Nandita Chudal, Sheng-Chia Chung, Chuchu Churko, Liliana G Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Rafael M Claro, Simona Costanzo, Richard G Cowden, Michael H Criqui, Natália Cruz-Martins, Garland T Culbreth, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Beniam Darge Daniel, Anna Danielewicz, Jiregna Darega Gela, Kairat Davletov, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva de Araujo, Antonio Reis de Sá-Junior, Sisay Abebe Debela, Azizallah Dehghan, Andreas K Demetriades, Meseret Derbew Molla, Rupak Desai, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Lankamo Ena Digesa, Mengistie Diress, Milad Dodangeh, Deepa Dongarwar, Fariba Dorostkar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Bereket Duko, Bruce B Duncan, Kristina Edvardsson, Michael Ekholuenetale, Frank J Elgar, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A Elmonem, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Azin Etemadimanesh, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Fatemeh Farahmand, Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Ali Fatehizadeh, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Valery L Feigin, Rachel Feldman, Xiaoqi Feng, Zinabu Fentaw, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Joel Msafiri Francis, Richard Charles Franklin, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Silvano Gallus, Fabio Galvano, Balasankar Ganesan, Tushar Garg, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew Gebrehiwot, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael, Tadele Regasa Gemechu, Lemma Getacher, Motuma Erena Getachew, Abera Getachew Obsa, Asmare Getie, Amir Ghaderi, Mansour Ghafourifard, Alireza Ghajar, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Lilian A Ghandour, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Sherief Ghozy, Franklin N Glozah, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Justyna Godos, Amit Goel, Salime Goharinezhad, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Mohamad Golitaleb, Felix Greaves, Michal Grivna, Giuseppe Grosso, Temesgen Worku Gudayu, Bhawna Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Brian J Hall, Rabih Halwani, Tiilahun Beyene Handiso, Graeme J Hankey, Sanam Hariri, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Ramesh Holla, Md Mahbub Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Seyed Kianoosh Hosseini, Mehdi hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Guoqing Hu, Junjie Huang, Salman Hussain, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Lalu Muhammad Irham, M Mofizul Islam, Rakibul M Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Hiroyasu Iso, Ramaiah Itumalla, Masao Iwagami, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Louis Jacob, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Zahra Jamalpoor, Elham Jamshidi, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Umesh Umesh Jayarajah, Ranil Jayawardena, Rime Jebai, Seyed Ali Jeddi, Alelign Tasew Jema, Ravi Prakash Jha, Har Ashish Jindal, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Robel Hussen Kabthymer, Bhushan Dattatray Kamble, Himal Kandel, Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, Neeti Kapoor, Ibraheem M Karaye, Salah Eddin Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Rimple Jeet Kaur, Gbenga A Kayode, Mohammad Keykhaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Rovshan Khalilov, Imteyaz A Khan, Moien AB Khan, Hanna Kim, Jihee Kim, Min Seo Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Mika Kivimäki, Vitalii Klymchuk, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, G Anil Kumar, Narinder Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Ben Lacey, Tea Lallukka, Savita Lasrado, Jerrald Lau, Sang-woong Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S Lim, Stany W Lobo, Platon D Lopukhov, Stefan Lorkowski, Rafael Lozano, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Farzan Madadizadeh, Áurea M Madureira-Carvalho, Soleiman Mahjoub, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Rashidul Alam Mahumud, Alaa Makki, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Narayana Manjunatha, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Jose Martinez-Raga, Francisco A Martinez-Villa, Richard Matzopoulos, Pallab K Maulik, Mahsa Mayeli, John J McGrath, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Ritesh G Menezes, Gert B M Mensink, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Atte Meretoja, Bedasa Taye Merga, Tomislav Mestrovic, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Andreea Mirica, Antonio Mirijello, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Sanjeev Misra, Babak Moazen, Maryam Mobarakabadi, Marcello Moccia, Yousef Mohammad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Teroj Abdulrahman Mohammed, Nagabhishek Moka, Ali H Mokdad, Sara Momtazmanesh, Yousef Moradi, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Sumaira Mubarik, Erin C Mullany, Beemnet Tekabe Mulugeta, Efrén Murillo-Zamora, Christopher J L Murray, Julius C Mwita, Mohsen Naghavi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Samata Nepal, Sudan Prasad Prasad Neupane, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Yeshambel T Nigatu, Ali Nowroozi, Khan M Nuruzzaman, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Kehinde O Obamiro, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Ahmed Omar Bali, Emad Omer, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Adrian Otoiu, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Bilcha Oumer, Mahesh P A, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Anamika Pandey, Ashok Pandey, Shahina Pardhan, Tarang Parekh, Eun-Kee Park, Charles D H Parry, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Jay Patel, Siddhartha Pati, George C Patton, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Amy E Peden, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Michael R Phillips, Marina Pinheiro, Evgenii Plotnikov, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Akila Prashant, Jianchao Quan, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Azizur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Drona Prakash Rasali, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Andre M N Renzaho, Negar Rezaei, Saeid Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez, Gregory A Roth, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Basema Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Reihaneh Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Farhad Saeedi, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, KM Saif-Ur-Rahman, Sarvenaz Salahi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Francesco Sanmarchi, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Yaser Sarikhani, Brijesh Sathian, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Mehdi Sayyah, Maria Inês Schmidt, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, Michaël Schwarzinger, David C Schwebel, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Sarvenaz Shahin, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Shayan Shahrokhi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Elaheh Shaker, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Adithi Shetty, Jeevan K Shetty, Damtew Solomon Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Velizar Shivarov, Parnian Shobeiri, Roman Shrestha, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Natacha Torres da Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Surjit Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, David A Sleet, Marco Solmi, YONATAN SOLOMON, Suhang Song, Yimeng Song, Reed J D Sorensen, Sergey Soshnikov, Ireneous N Soyiri, Dan J Stein, Sonu Hangma Subba, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Majid Taheri, Ker-Kan Tan, Minale Tareke, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Worku Animaw Temesgen, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Nikhil Kenny Thomas, Chalachew Tiruneh, Jovana Todorovic, Marco Torrado, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Sergi Trias-Llimós, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Alireza Vakilian, Rohollah Valizadeh, Mehdi Varmaghani, Shoban Babu Varthya, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Theo Vos, Birhanu Wagaye, Yasir Waheed, Mandaras Tariku Walde, Cong Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Ronny Westerman, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Abate Dargie Wubetu, Suowen Xu, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Gesila Endashaw E Yesera, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Ayenew Engida Ayenew Engida Yimaw, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Siddhesh Zadey, Mazyar Zahir, Iman Zare, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zmaili, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Emmanuela Gakidou, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute (-2014), Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Clinicum, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, King Edward Medical University (Pakistán), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, University of Oxford (Reino Unido), Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), NIH - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (Estados Unidos), Canada Research Chairs, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Heart Foundation of Australia, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Wellcome Trust, NIH - National Institute on Aging (NIA) (Estados Unidos), Finlands Akademi (Finlandia), Panjab University (India), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Danish National Research Foundation, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), South African Medical Research Council, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Charles Sturt University (Australia), Ain Shams University (Egipto), Mizoram University (India), Kasturba Medical College (India), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Collaborators, GBD 2020 Alcohol, Bryazka, Dana, Reitsma, Marissa B, Griswold, Max G, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md, Abhilash, E S, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adhikari, Kishor, Adhikari, Sangeet, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afzal, Saira, Agegnehu, Wubetu Yimam, Aggarwal, Manik, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alam, Md Zakiul, Alem, Dejene Tsegaye, Alene, Kefyalew Addi, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alizadeh, Atiyeh, Allel, Kasim, Alonso, Jordi, Alvand, Saba, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amiri, Sohrab, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Arabloo, Jalal, Arshad, Muhammad, Artamonov, Anton A, Aryan, Zahra, Asaad, Malke, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Astell-Burt, Thoma, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre ayanore, Ayinde, Olatunde O, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur, Balchut/bilchut, Awraris Hailu, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Baskaran, Pritish, Belo, Lui, Bennett, Derrick A, Benseñor, Isabela M, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bintoro, Bagas Suryo, Blokhina, Elena A Elena, Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule, Boloor, Archith, Bosetti, Cristina, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Brunoni, Andre R, Butt, Zahid A, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Andre F, Carvalho, Márcia, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro-de-Araujo, Luis F S, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaurasia, Akhilanand, Cherbuin, Nicola, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chudal, Nandita, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Churko, Chuchu, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Costanzo, Simona, Cowden, Richard G, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Culbreth, Garland T, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daniel, Beniam Darge, Danielewicz, Anna, Darega Gela, Jiregna, Davletov, Kairat, de Araujo, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva, de Sá-Junior, Antonio Rei, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Dehghan, Azizallah, Demetriades, Andreas K, Derbew Molla, Meseret, Desai, Rupak, Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Digesa, Lankamo Ena, Diress, Mengistie, Dodangeh, Milad, Dongarwar, Deepa, Dorostkar, Fariba, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Duko, Bereket, Duncan, Bruce B, Edvardsson, Kristina, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Elgar, Frank J, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Etemadimanesh, Azin, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Franci, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Farahmand, Fatemeh, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Feigin, Valery L, Feldman, Rachel, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fentaw, Zinabu, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Franklin, Richard Charle, Gaal, Peter Andra, Gad, Mohamed M, Gallus, Silvano, Galvano, Fabio, Ganesan, Balasankar, Garg, Tushar, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu, Gemechu, Tadele Regasa, Getacher, Lemma, Getachew, Motuma Erena, Getachew Obsa, Abera, Getie, Asmare, Ghaderi, Amir, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghandour, Lilian A, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghozy, Sherief, Glozah, Franklin N, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Godos, Justyna, Goel, Amit, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golitaleb, Mohamad, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gudayu, Temesgen Worku, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Hall, Brian J, Halwani, Rabih, Handiso, Tiilahun Beyene, Hankey, Graeme J, Hariri, Sanam, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hassanian-Moghaddam, Hossein, Hay, Simon I, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Hendrie, Delia, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba, Hezam, Kamal, Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni, Holla, Ramesh, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hossain, Sahadat, Hosseini, Seyed Kianoosh, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Junjie, Hussain, Salman, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Immurana, Mustapha, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, M Mofizul, Islam, Rakibul M, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iso, Hiroyasu, Itumalla, Ramaiah, Iwagami, Masao, Jabbarinejad, Roxana, Jacob, Loui, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamalpoor, Zahra, Jamshidi, Elham, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayarajah, Umesh Umesh, Jayawardena, Ranil, Jebai, Rime, Jeddi, Seyed Ali, Jema, Alelign Tasew, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jindal, Har Ashish, Jonas, Jost B, Joo, Tama, Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabthymer, Robel Hussen, Kamble, Bhushan Dattatray, Kandel, Himal, Kanno, Girum Gebremeskel, Kapoor, Neeti, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Kaur, Rimple Jeet, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Imteyaz A, Khan, Moien AB, Kim, Hanna, Kim, Jihee, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kivimäki, Mika, Klymchuk, Vitalii, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Narinder, Kumar, Nithin, Lacey, Ben, Lallukka, Tea, Lasrado, Savita, Lau, Jerrald, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Lobo, Stany W, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lozano, Rafael, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Madadizadeh, Farzan, Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Mahumud, Rashidul Alam, Makki, Alaa, Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Manjunatha, Narayana, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martinez-Villa, Francisco A, Matzopoulos, Richard, Maulik, Pallab K, Mayeli, Mahsa, Mcgrath, John J, Meena, Jitendra Kumar, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mensink, Gert B M, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Meretoja, Atte, Merga, Bedasa Taye, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina, Miller, Ted R, Mini, Gk, Mirica, Andreea, Mirijello, Antonio, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misra, Sanjeev, Moazen, Babak, Mobarakabadi, Maryam, Moccia, Marcello, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Moradi, Yousef, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mullany, Erin C, Mulugeta, Beemnet Tekabe, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Murray, Christopher J L, Mwita, Julius C, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nangia, Vinay, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nepal, Samata, Neupane, Sudan Prasad Prasad, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuruzzaman, Khan M, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Obamiro, Kehinde O, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Morae, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Emad, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Otoiu, Adrian, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Oumer, Bilcha, P A, Mahesh, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Pandey, Ashok, Pardhan, Shahina, Parekh, Tarang, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, Patel, Jay, Pati, Siddhartha, Patton, George C, Paudel, Uttam, Pawar, Shrikant, Peden, Amy E, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Phillips, Michael R, Pinheiro, Marina, Plotnikov, Evgenii, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Prashant, Akila, Quan, Jianchao, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Azizur, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranasinghe, Priyanga, Rao, Chythra R, Rasali, Drona Prakash, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Saeid, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Romero-Rodríguez, Esperanza, Roth, Gregory A, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghian, Reihaneh, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi, Farhad, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Saif-Ur-Rahman, Km, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sarikhani, Yaser, Sathian, Brijesh, Saya, Ganesh Kumar, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwarzinger, Michaël, Schwebel, David C, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu, Seyedalinaghi, Seyedahmad, Seylani, Allen, Sha, Feng, Shahin, Sarvenaz, Shahraki-Sanavi, Fariba, Shahrokhi, Shayan, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaker, Elaheh, Shakhmardanov, Murad Ziyaudinovich, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, Jeevan K, Shiferaw, Damtew Solomon, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivakumar, K M, Shivarov, Velizar, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shrestha, Roman, Sidemo, Negussie Boti, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silva, Natacha Torres da, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Surjit, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sleet, David A, Solmi, Marco, Solomon, Yonatan, Song, Suhang, Song, Yimeng, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soshnikov, Sergey, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Stein, Dan J, Subba, Sonu Hangma, Szócska, Mikló, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Taheri, Majid, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tareke, Minale, Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang, Temesgen, Gebremaryam, Temesgen, Worku Animaw, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thapar, Rekha, Thomas, Nikhil Kenny, Tiruneh, Chalachew, Todorovic, Jovana, Torrado, Marco, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Vakilian, Alireza, Valizadeh, Rohollah, Varmaghani, Mehdi, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vos, Theo, Wagaye, Birhanu, Waheed, Yasir, Walde, Mandaras Tariku, Wang, Cong, Wang, Yanzhong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wubetu, Abate Dargie, Xu, Suowen, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yang, Lin, Yesera, Gesila Endashaw E, Yigit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yimaw, Ayenew Engida Ayenew Engida, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zahir, Mazyar, Zare, Iman, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zastrozhina, Anasthasia, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zmaili, Mohammad, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Bryazka, D, Reitsma, Mb, Griswold, Mg, Abate, Kh, Abbafati, C, Kangevari, Ma, Kangevari, Za, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdullah, Am, Abhilash, E, Abu 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Blokhina, Eae, Bodicha, Bba, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Briko, Ni, Brunoni, Ar, Butt, Za, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, Af, Carvalho, M, Maia, Jmc, Castelpietra, G, de Araujo, Lfsc, Cattaruzza, M, Chakraborty, Pa, Charan, J, Chattu, Vk, Chaurasia, A, Cherbuin, N, Chu, Dt, Chudal, N, Chung, Sc, Churko, C, Ciobanu, Lg, Cirillo, M, Claro, Rm, Costanzo, S, Cowden, Rg, Criqui, Mh, Martins, Nc, Culbreth, Gt, Dachew, Ba, Dadras, O, Dai, Xc, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daniel, Bd, Danielewicz, A, Gela, Jd, Davletov, K, de Araujo, Jap, de Sa, Ar, Debela, Sa, Dehghan, A, Demetriades, Ak, Molla, Md, Desai, R, Desta, Aa, da Silva, Dd, Diaz, D, Digesa, Le, Diress, M, Dodangeh, M, Dongarwar, D, Dorostkar, F, Dsouza, Hl, Duko, B, Duncan, Bb, Edvardsson, K, Ekholuenetale, M, Elgar, Fj, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, Ma, Endries, Ay, Eskandarieh, S, Etemadimanesh, A, Fagbamigbe, Af, Fakhradiyev, Ir, Farahmand, F, Farinha, Cse, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, Nk, Feigin, Vl, Feldman, R, Feng, Xq, Fentaw, Z, Ferrero, S, Desideri, Lf, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Francis, Jm, Franklin, Rc, Gaal, Pa, Gad, Mm, Gallus, S, Galvano, F, Ganesan, B, Garg, T, Gebrehiwot, Mgd, Gebremeskel, Tg, Gebremichael, Ma, Gemechu, Tr, Getacher, L, Getachew, Me, Obsa, Ag, Getie, A, Ghaderi, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghamari, Sh, Ghandour, La, Nour, Mg, Ghashghaee, A, Ghozy, S, Glozah, Fn, Glushkova, Ev, Godos, J, Goel, A, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golitaleb, M, Greaves, F, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Gudayu, Tw, Gupta, B, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, Vb, Gupta, Vk, Nejad, Nh, Mirzaian, Ah, Hall, Bj, Halwani, R, Handiso, Tb, Hankey, Gj, Hariri, S, Haro, Jm, Hasaballah, Ai, Moghaddam, Hh, Hay, Si, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Herteliu, C, Heyi, Dz, Hezam, K, Hlongwa, Mm, Holla, R, Hossain, Mm, Hossain, S, Hosseini, Sk, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, Gq, Huang, Jj, Hussain, S, Ibitoye, Se, Ilic, Im, Ilic, Md, Immurana, M, Irham, Lm, Islam, Mm, Islam, Rm, Islam, Sm, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jabbarinejad, R, Jacob, L, Jakovljevic, M, Jamalpoor, Z, Jamshidi, E, Jayapal, Sk, Jayarajah, Uu, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jeddi, Sa, Jema, At, Jha, Rp, Jindal, Ha, Jonas, Jb, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, Jj, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabthymer, Rh, Kamble, Bd, Kandel, H, Kanno, Gg, Kapoor, N, Karaye, Im, Karimi, Se, Kassa, Bg, Kaur, Rj, Kayode, Ga, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khan, Ia, Ab Khan, M, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, M, Kimokoti, Rw, Kivimaki, M, Klymchuk, V, Knudsen, Ak, Kolahi, Aa, Korshunov, Va, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Kumar, Ga, Kumar, N, Ben, Lacey, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lau, J, Lee, Sw, Lee, Wc, Lee, Yh, Lim, Ll, Lim, S, Lobo, Sw, Lopukhov, Pd, Lorkowski, S, Lozano, R, Lucchetti, G, Madadizadeh, F, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahumud, Ra, Makki, A, Malekpour, Mr, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, Ma, Raga, Jm, Villa, Fam, Matzopoulos, R, Maulik, Pk, Mayeli, M, Mcgrath, Jj, Meena, Jk, Nasab, Em, Menezes, Rg, Mensink, Gbm, Mentis, Afa, Meretoja, A, Merga, Bt, Mestrovic, T, Jonasson, Jm, Miazgowski, B, de Sa, Acmgn, Miller, Tr, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirijello, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, Em, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mobarakabadi, M, Moccia, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, E, Hafshejani, Am, Mohammed, Ta, Moka, N, Mokdad, Ah, Momtazmanesh, S, Moradi, Y, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Mullany, Ec, Mulugeta, Bt, Zamora, Em, Murray, Cjl, Mwita, Jc, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, Md, Nangia, V, Nayak, Bp, Negoi, I, Negoi, Ri, Nejadghaderi, Sa, Nepal, S, Neupane, Spp, Kandel, Sn, Nigatu, Yt, Nowroozi, A, Nuruzzaman, Km, Nzoputam, Ci, Obamiro, Ko, Ogbo, Fa, Oguntade, A, Aliabad, Ho, Olakunde, Bo, Oliveira, Gmm, Bali, Ao, Omer, E, Altamirano, Dvo, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, S, Oumer, B, Mahesh, Pa, Monedero, Ap, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Jonas, Sp, Pandey, A, Pardhan, S, Parekh, T, Park, Ek, Parry, Cdh, Kan, Fp, Patel, J, Pati, S, Patton, Gc, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Peden, Ae, Petcu, Ir, Phillips, Mr, Pinheiro, M, Plotnikov, E, Pradhan, Pm, Prashant, A, Quan, Jc, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raghav, Pr, Movaghar, Vr, Rahman, A, Rahman, Mm, Rahman, M, Rahmani, Am, Rahmani, S, Ranabhat, Cl, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, Cr, Rasali, Dp, Rashidi, Mm, Ratan, Za, Rawaf, Dl, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Renzaho, Amn, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Riahi, Sm, Rodriguez, Er, Roth, Ga, Rwegerera, Gm, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghian, R, Saeed, U, Saeedi, F, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sahraian, Ma, Rahman, Ksu, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, Am, Sanmarchi, F, Milicevic, Mm, Sarikhani, Y, Sathian, B, Saya, Gk, Sayyah, M, Schmidt, Mi, Schutte, Ae, Schwarzinger, M, Schwebel, Dc, Seidu, Aa, Seyedalinaghi, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahin, S, Sanavi, F, Shahrokhi, S, Shaikh, Ma, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, Mz, Beyranvand, M, Sheikhbahaei, S, Sheikhi, Ra, Shetty, A, Shetty, Jk, Shiferaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, Km, Shivarov, V, Shobeiri, P, Shrestha, R, Sidemo, Nb, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silva, Da, da Silva, Nt, Singh, Ja, Singh, S, Skryabin, Vy, Skryabina, Aa, Sleet, Da, Solmi, M, Solomon, Y, Song, S, Song, Ym, Sorensen, Rjd, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, In, Stein, Dj, Subba, Sh, Szocska, M, Seisdedos, Rt, Tabuchi, T, Taheri, M, Tan, Kk, Tareke, M, Tarkang, Ee, Temesgen, G, Temesgen, Wa, Temsah, Mh, Thankappan, Kr, Thapar, R, Thomas, Nk, Tiruneh, C, Todorovic, J, Torrado, M, Touvier, M, Palone, Mrt, Tran, Mtn, Llimos, St, Tripathy, Jp, Vakilian, A, Valizadeh, R, Varmaghani, M, Varthya, Sb, Vasankari, Tj, Vos, T, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Walde, Mt, Wang, C, Wang, Yz, Wang, Yp, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, Nd, Wubetu, Ad, Xu, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yesera, Gee, Yigit, A, Yimaw, Ae, Yon, Dk, Yonemoto, N, Yu, Ch, Zadey, S, Zahir, M, Zare, I, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Zj, Zhong, Cw, Zmaili, M, Zuniga, Ymh, Gakidou, E, Madureira-Carvalho, Am, Ciobanu, LG, Gakidou, Emma, and GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators
Subjects: Adult, Male, Alcohol Drinking, CONTROL POLICIES, adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Geography, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, NDAS, ALL-CAUSE, GUIDELINES, GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, Medicine, General & Internal, DRINKING, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, General & Internal Medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, DRINKERS, Child, Preschool, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, METAANALYSIS, MCC, Science & Technology, global burden of disease, Risk Factor, General Medicine, CANCER, alcohol drinking, AC, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, REDUCED MORTALITY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract: Background: The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. Methods: For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. Findings: The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0·603 (0·400-1·00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0·002 (0-0) and 1·75 (0·698-4·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0·114 (0-0·403) to 1·87 (0·500-3·30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0·193 (0-0·900) and 6·94 (3·40-8·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59·1% (54·3-65·4) were aged 15-39 years and 76·9% (73·0-81·3) were male. Interpretation: There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. S Afzal acknowledges the support for intellectual contributions to this manuscript by the Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology at King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. T Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. L Belo acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. D Bennett is supported by the UK Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford (Oxford, UK). M Carvalho acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. L Castro-de-Araujo was funded by the Medical Research Council (UK), Grant no. MR/T03355X/1 and by the National Institute of Mental Health Grant no. R01MH128911. FJ Elgar is supported by the Canada Research Chairs program. F Greaves acknowledges support from the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration for NW London. V K Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. VB Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. S Hussain was supported by the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education –Project, Postdoc2MUNI “(No. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016952). S M S Islam is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council and received funding from the National Heart Foundation of Australia. The Serbian part of this GBD-related contribution has been co-financed through Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. M Kivimaki was supported by the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z), the UK Medical Research Council (MR/S011676/1), the US National Institute on Aging (R01AG056477), and the Academy of Finland (350426). K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. B Lacey acknowledges support from the UK Biobank, funded largely by the UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome. S Lorkowski acknowledges institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (Germany; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; grant agreement number 01EA1808A). G Lucchetti received a productivity scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development — CNPq (Level 1D). J McGrath was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professor). J McGrath is employed by the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), which receives support from the Queensland Health Department. C Parry acknowleges the South African Medical Research Council. A Peden is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship (Grant ID: APP2009306). M R Phillips was supported in part by the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases - National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC. No. 81761128031). M Pinheiro acknowledges FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016 – Norma transitória. A Rahman acknowledges the support from the Data Science Research Unit in Charles Sturt University (Bathurst, NSW, Australia). U Saeed would like to acknowledge the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges support from Ain Shams University (Cairo, Egypt) and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. N Senthil Kumar acknowledges the DBT, New Delhi sponsored Advanced State Level Biotech Hub (BT/NER/143/SP44475/2021), Mizoram University (Aizawl, Mizoram, India) for facilitating this work. F Sha is supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. KQTD20190929172835662). A Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College (Mangalore, India) and Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Manipal, India) for all the academic support. R Shrestha acknowledges a career development award from the National Institutes of Health (K01DA051346). D Silva was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001 and is supported in part by CNPq - Brazil (309589/2021-5). D Sleet acknowledges partial support from Veritas Management Group, Inc and The Bizzell Group, LLC. S Trias-Llimós acknowledges research funding from the Juan de la Cierva-Formación program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FJC-2019-039314-I). Sí
Published: 2022

39. Global pattern of soil priming effect intensity and its environmental drivers

Author: Mo, Fei, primary, Ren, Chengjie, additional, Yu, Kailiang, additional, Zhou, Zhenghu, additional, Phillips, Richard P., additional, Luo, Zhongkui, additional, Zhang, Yeye, additional, Dang, Yuteng, additional, Han, Juan, additional, Ye, Jian‐Sheng, additional, Vinay, Nangia, additional, Liao, Yuncheng, additional, Xiong, Youcai, additional, and Wen, Xiaoxia, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Soil Salinity Mapping by Multiscale Remote Sensing in Mesopotamia, Iraq.

Author: Weicheng Wu, Waleed M. Al-Shafie, Ahmad S. Mhaimeed, Feras M. Ziadat, Vinay Nangia, and William Bill Payne
Published: 2014
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41. The Impact of 2009 Versus 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) GFR Estimating Equations on CKD Prevalence in Asians

Author: Bjorn Betzler, Rehena Sultana, He Feng, Yih Chung Tham, Cynthia Ciwei Lim, Ya Xing Wang, Vinay Nangia, E Shyong Tai, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim, Mukharram M Bikbov, Jost B Jonas, Se Woong Kang, Kyu Hyung Park, Ching-Yu Cheng, and Charumathi Sabanayagam
Abstract: Background: In 2021, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) validated a new equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) without race as an explanatory variable. Because the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Asians is known to differ from other ethnicities, this manuscript compares prevalence of CKD in multiple Asian cohorts using the 2009 and 2021 creatinine-based eGFR equations.Methods: Eight population-based studies from China, India, Russia (Asian), Singapore and South Korea provided individual-level data (n=67,233). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 2 (G3-G5). GFR was estimated using both the 2009 CKD-EPI equation developed using creatinine, age, sex, and race (eGFRcr [2009, ASR]) and the 2021 CKD-EPI equation developed without race (eGFRcr [2021, AS]). Prevalence of eGFR categories was compared within each study and within subgroups of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and hypertension status. The extent of reclassification was examined using net reclassification improvement (NRI). Results: Of 67,233 adults, CKD prevalence was 8.6% (n=5800/67,233) using eGFRcr (2009, ASR) and 6.4% (n=4307/67,233) using eGFRcr (2021, AS). Within individual studies, all 8 studies saw a reduction in CKD prevalence, ranging from -7.0% (95% CI -8.5% to -5.4%) to -0.4% (-1.3% to 0.5%). A reduction in CKD prevalence when using eGFRcr (2021, AS) was observed in all subgroups, except those in the BMI < 18.5% subgroup. Net reclassification index (NRI) was significant at -2.33% (pConclusions: eGFRcr (2021, AS) consistently provided reduced CKD prevalence and GFR estimates among Asian cohorts than eGFRcr (2009, ASR). Comparison of both equations to predict progression to renal failure or adverse outcomes using prospective studies are warranted for accurate validation within Asian populations.
Published: 2022

42. Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Ewerton Cousin, Bruce B Duncan, Caroline Stein, Kanyin Liane Ong, Theo Vos, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Michael Abdelmasseh, Amir Abdoli, Rami Abd-Rabu, Hassan Abolhassani, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Gina Agarwal, Krishna K Agrawaal, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Wuraola Akande-Sholabi, Tayyaba Akram, Hanadi Al Hamad, Ziyad Al-Aly, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Saeed Amini, Robert Ancuceanu, Tudorel Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Adnan Ansar, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Benny Antony, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Damian Arizmendi, Benedetta Armocida, Anton A Artamonov, Judie Arulappan, Zahra Aryan, Samaneh Asgari, Tahira Ashraf, Thomas Astell-Burt, Prince Atorkey, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Ashish D Badiye, Atif Amin Baig, Mohan Bairwa, Jennifer L Baker, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Palash Chandra Banik, Anthony Barnett, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Amadou Barrow, Neeraj Bedi, Rebuma Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Arielle Wilder Bell, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, David Beran, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Setognal Birara, Virginia Bodolica, Aime Bonny, Hermann Brenner, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Yin Cao, Chao Cao, Ester Cerin, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Joht Singh Chandan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Simiao Chen, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Barbara Corso, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Jan-Walter De Neve, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Daniel Diaz, Sanam Ebtehaj, Hisham Atan Edinur, Sahar Eftekharzadeh, Iman El Sayed, Islam Y Elgendy, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A Elmonem, Mohammed Faisaluddin, Umar Farooque, Xiaoqi Feng, Eduarda Fernandes, Florian Fischer, David Flood, Marisa Freitas, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Piyada Gaewkhiew, Lemma Getacher, Mansour Ghafourifard, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Ghozali Ghozali, Paramjit Singh Gill, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Mahaveer Golechha, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Rajat Das Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Rabih Halwani, Asif Hanif, Graeme J Hankey, Shafiul Haque, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Abdiwahab Hashi, Soheil Hassanipour, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Mohammad Heidari, Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Mostafa Hosseini, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Junjie Huang, Ayesha Humayun, Rabia Hussain, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Kevin S Ikuta, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Usman Iqbal, Md Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rakibul M Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Ramaiah Itumalla, Masao Iwagami, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Ranil Jayawardena, Ravi Prakash Jha, Oommen John, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Ali Kabir, Rohollah Kalhor, Ashwin Kamath, Tanuj Kanchan, Himal Kandel, Neeti Kapoor, Gbenga A Kayode, Sewnet Adem Kebede, Pedram Keshavarz, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Moien AB Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Maseer Khan, Amir M Khater, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Mika Kivimäki, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Oleksii Korzh, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, G Anil Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Anders O Larsson, Savita Lasrado, Wei-Chen Lee, Chiachi Bonnie Lee, Paul H Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Ming-Chieh Li, Stephen S Lim, Lee-Ling Lim, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Azeem Majeed, Ahmad Azam Malik, Borhan Mansouri, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Santi Martini, Prashant Mathur, Colm McAlinden, Nafiul Mehedi, Teferi Mekonnen, Ritesh G Menezes, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Tomasz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michalek, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Agha Zeeshan Mirza, Prasanna Mithra, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Arif Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Farhad Moradpour, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Christopher J L Murray, Ahmad Mustafa, Gabriele Nagel, Vinay Nangia, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Javad Nazari, Rawlance Ndejjo, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Christoph Nowak, Bogdan Oancea, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Temitope T Ojo, Andrew T Olagunju, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Alberto Ortiz, Mayowa O Owolabi, Raffaele Palladino, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal, Shahina Pardhan, Tarang Parekh, Mojtaba Parvizi, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Manju Pilania, Vivek Podder, Roman V Polibin, Maarten J Postma, Akila Prashant, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Md. Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Nazanin Rajai, Pradhum Ram, Juwel Rana, Kamal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Satish Rao, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Andre M N Renzaho, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Daniela Ribeiro, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Peter Rohloff, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Paul MacDaragh Ryan, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Siamak Sabour, Basema Saddik, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, KM Saif-Ur-Rahman, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Mehrnoosh Samaei, Juan Sanabria, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Markus P Schlaich, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Mario Šekerija, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, Allen Seylani, Masood Ali Shaikh, Hina Shamshad, Md Shajedur Rahman Shawon, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Jeevan K Shetty, Rahman Shiri, K M Shivakumar, Kerem Shuval, Jasvinder A Singh, Ambrish Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi, Amin Soheili, Jing Sun, Viktória Szerencsés, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Hooman Tadbiri, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Md. 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Zmaili, M, Zumla, A, Naghavi, M, Schmidt, M, GBD 2019 Diabetes Mortality Collaborators, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Cousin, E., Duncan, B. B., Stein, C., Ong, K. L., Vos, T., Abbafati, C., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abdelmasseh, M., Abdoli, A., Abd-Rabu, R., Abolhassani, H., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Accrombessi, M. M. K., Adnani, Q. E. S., Afzal, M. S., Agarwal, G., Agrawaal, K. K., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, S., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmadi, S., Ahmadi, A., Ahmed, A., Ahmed Salih, Y., Akande-Sholabi, W., Akram, T., Al Hamad, H., Al-Aly, Z., Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amini, S., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, T., Andrei, C. L., Anjana, R. M., Ansar, A., Antonazzo, I. C., Antony, B., Anyasodor, A. E., Arabloo, J., Arizmendi, D., Armocida, B., Artamonov, A. A., Arulappan, J., Aryan, Z., Asgari, S., Ashraf, T., Astell-Burt, T., Atorkey, P., Atout, M. M. W., Ayanore, M. A., Badiye, A. D., Baig, A. A., Bairwa, M., Baker, J. L., Baltatu, O. C., Banik, P. C., Barnett, A., Barone, M. T. U., Barone-Adesi, F., Barrow, A., Bedi, N., Belete, R., Belgaumi, U. I., Bell, A. W., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Beran, D., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhaskar, S., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhojaraja, V. S., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Birara, S., Bodolica, V., Bonny, A., Brenner, H., Briko, N. I., Butt, Z. A., Caetano dos Santos, F. L., Camera, L. A., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Cao, Y., Cao, C., Cerin, E., Chakraborty, P. A., Chandan, J. S., Chattu, V. K., Chen, S., Choi, J. -Y. J., Choudhari, S. G., Chowdhury, E. K., Chu, D. -T., Corso, B., Dadras, O., Dai, X., Damasceno, A. A. M., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., De Neve, J. -W., Denova-Gutierrez, E., Dhamnetiya, D., Diaz, D., Ebtehaj, S., Edinur, H. A., Eftekharzadeh, S., El Sayed, I., Elgendy, I. Y., Elhadi, M., Elmonem, M. A., Faisaluddin, M., Farooque, U., Feng, X., Fernandes, E., Fischer, F., Flood, D., Freitas, M., Gaal, P. A., Gad, M. M., Gaewkhiew, P., Getacher, L., Ghafourifard, M., Ghanei Gheshlagh, R., Ghashghaee, A., Ghith, N., Ghozali, G., Gill, P. S., Ginawi, I. A., Glushkova, E. V., Golechha, M., Gopalani, S. V., Guimaraes, R. A., Gupta, R. D., Gupta, R., Gupta, V. K., Gupta, V. B., Gupta, S., Habtewold, T. D., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Halwani, R., Hanif, A., Hankey, G. J., Haque, S., Hasaballah, A. I., Hasan, S. S., Hashi, A., Hassanipour, S., Hay, S. I., Hayat, K., Heidari, M., Hossain, M. B. H., Hossain, S., Hosseini, M., Hoveidamanesh, S., Huang, J., Humayun, A., Hussain, R., Hwang, B. -F., Ibitoye, S. E., Ikuta, K. S., Inbaraj, L. R., Iqbal, U., Islam, M. S., Islam, S. M. S., Islam, R. M., Ismail, N. E., Isola, G., Itumalla, R., Iwagami, M., Iyamu, I. O., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., Jayawardena, R., Jha, R. P., John, O., Jonas, J. B., Joo, T., Kabir, A., Kalhor, R., Kamath, A., Kanchan, T., Kandel, H., Kapoor, N., Kayode, G. A., Kebede, S. A., Keshavarz, P., Keykhaei, M., Khader, Y. S., Khajuria, H., Khan, M. A., Khan, M. N., Khan, M., Khater, A. M., Khoja, T. A. M., Khubchandani, J., Kim, M. S., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Kivimaki, M., Korshunov, V. A., Korzh, O., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kuate Defo, B., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, N., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lee, W. -C., Lee, C. B., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Li, M. -C., Lim, S. S., Lim, L. -L., Lucchetti, G., Majeed, A., Malik, A. A., Mansouri, B., Mantovani, L. G., Martini, S., Mathur, P., Mcalinden, C., Mehedi, N., Mekonnen, T., Menezes, R. G., Mersha, A. G., Miao Jonasson, J., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I. M., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mirza, A. Z., Mithra, P., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, A., Mokdad, A. H., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Moni, M. A., Moradpour, F., Moradzadeh, R., Mostafavi, E., Mueller, U. O., Murray, C. J. L., Mustafa, A., Nagel, G., Nangia, V., Naqvi, A. A., Nayak, B. P., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, R. I., Neupane Kandel, S., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, H. L. T., Noubiap, J. J., Nowak, C., Oancea, B., Odukoya, O. O., Oguntade, A. 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R., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shetty, J. K., Shiri, R., Shivakumar, K. M., Shuval, K., Singh, J. A., Singh, A., Skryabin, V. Y., Skryabina, A. A., Sofi-Mahmudi, A., Soheili, A., Sun, J., Szerencses, V., Szocska, M., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tadbiri, H., Tadesse, E. G., Tariqujjaman, M., Thankappan, K. R., Thapar, R., Thomas, N., Timalsina, B., Tobe-Gai, R., Tonelli, M., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tran, B. X., Tripathy, J. P., Tudor Car, L., Tusa, B. S., Uddin, R., Upadhyay, E., Valadan Tahbaz, S., Valdez, P. R., Vasankari, T. J., Verma, M., Villalobos-Daniel, V. E., Vladimirov, S. K., Vo, B., Vu, G. T., Vukovic, R., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R. G., Werdecker, A., Wickramasinghe, N. D., Winkler, A. S., Wubishet, B. L., Xu, X., Xu, S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S. H., Yatsuya, H., Yaya, S., Yazie, T. S. Y., Yi, S., Yonemoto, N., Yunusa, I., Zadey, S., Zaman, S. B., Zamanian, M., Zamora, N., Zastrozhin, M. S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Z. -J., Zhong, C., Zmaili, M., Zumla, A., Naghavi, M., Schmidt, M. I., Collaborators, GBD 2019 Diabetes Mortality, and Lacey, BWH
Subjects: Adult, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, CHILDHOOD, universal health coverage, Global Health, 3121 Internal medicine, Global Burden of Disease, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Endocrinology, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Risk Factors, RA0421, Internal Medicine, Humans, Diabetes mortality, diabetes, mortality, global burden of disease, under 25 years, COHORT, health care services, COMPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES, Diabetes, Mortality trends, Age-specific diabetes, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, BRAZIL, Type I Diabetes, INSULIN, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, the Socio-demographic Index, Treatment, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, 1101 Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, diabete, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, ACCESS, RA, RC
Abstract: Background:Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods:We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings:In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r2=0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0% (−28·4 to −2·9) for all diabetes, and by 21·0% (–33·0 to −5·9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (−13·6% [–28·4 to 3·4]) and for type 1 diabetes (−13·6% [–29·3 to 8·9]). Interpretation:Decreasing diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years remains an important challenge, especially in low and low-middle SDI countries. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is likely to be major contributor to these early deaths, highlighting the urgent need to provide better access to insulin and basic diabetes education and care. This mortality metric, derived from readily available and frequently updated GBD data, can help to monitor preventable diabetes-related deaths over time globally, aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Targets, and serve as an indicator of the adequacy of basic diabetes care for type 1 and type 2 diabetes across nations. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2022

43. Association between body mass index and diabetic retinopathy in Asians: the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium (AEEC) study

Author: Riswana Banu, Kohta Fujiwara, Sunita Mohan, Su Jeong Song, Ya Xing Wang, Yih Chung Tham, Ching-Yu Cheng, Rehena Sultana, Miao Li Chee, Rajiv Raman, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Vinay Nangia, Jost B. Jonas, Mukharram M. Bikbov, E. Shyong Tai, and Tien Yin Wong
Subjects: Adult, Inverse Association, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Overweight, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Asian People, Risk Factors, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Risk factor, education, education.field_of_study, Diabetic Retinopathy, business.industry, Diabetic retinopathy, medicine.disease, Sensory Systems, Ophthalmology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract: Background/aimsObesity is a well-known risk factor for diabetes, but its association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is inconclusive, in particular in Asians. We aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with the presence and severity of DR in Asian populations with diabetes.MethodsPooled analysis of individual-level cross-sectional data from 10 010 adults with diabetes who participated in 12 population-based studies conducted in China, India, Japan, Russia (Asian), Singapore and South Korea that were part of the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium (AEEC). BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square metres and categorised into normal (2, reference), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Any-DR (n=1669) and vision-threatening DR (VTDR, n=489) were assessed from digital retinal photographs and graded according to standard protocols. Each study was analysed separately using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, haemoglobin A1c%, systolic blood pressure and diabetes duration, and the estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) from all studies were then combined using random-effects models.ResultsIn multivariable models, obesity showed a significant inverse association with any-DR (pooled OR (95% CI) =0.74 (0.59 to 0.91)) and VTDR (0.75 (0.60 to 0.93)). Similarly, in continuous analysis, BMI showed a significant inverse association with both any-DR (0.93 (0.87 to 0.99)) and VTDR (0.79 (0.68 to 0.92) per SD increase). Overweight did not show a significant association with any-DR.ConclusionsAmong Asian adults with diabetes, both BMI and obesity showed an inverse association with DR. These findings warrant confirmation in further longitudinal studies.
Published: 2021

44. Intercropping with vegetables on productivity and economic returns of Kinnow in arid region

Author: M.L. Soni, Saxena, N. D. Yadava, Vinay Nangia, and A. Birbal
Subjects: Horticulture, Geography, biology, Agroforestry, Economic return, Intercropping, biology.organism_classification, Arid, Productivity, Water productivity, Arid zone
Published: 2021

45. Evaluation of CropSyst model for soil moisture and water productivity of wheat

Author: Nagendra Yadava, Vijay Singh Rathore, Ramesh Kumar, Amit Kumawat, N.K. Pareek, Vinay Nangia, and R.S. Yadav
Subjects: Agronomy, Environmental science, Water content, Water productivity
Published: 2021

46. Energy Reduction and Uniformity of Low-Pressure Online Drip Irrigation Emitters in Field Tests

Author: Julia Sokol, Susan Amrose, Vinay Nangia, Samer Talozi, Elizabeth Brownell, Gianni Montanaro, Khaled Abu Naser, Khalil Bany Mustafa, Abdeljabar Bahri, Bassou Bouazzama, Abdelaziz Bouizgaren, Naem Mazahrih, Rachid Moussadek, Lhassane Sikaoui, and Amos G. Winter
Subjects: drip irrigation, drip emitter, hydraulic energy, uniformity, treated wastewater, Hydraulic engineering, TC1-978, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, TD201-500
Abstract: A promising way of addressing the issue of growing water scarcity is through wider use of drip irrigation, which delivers water and fertilizer to crops in a slow, targeted manner, and has been shown to increase yields and water use efficiency. Yet, drip irrigation system adoption is low, primarily due to the high capital cost of the pressurized piping network and the pump, and operating energy cost. Lowering the water pressure needed for drip emitters to deliver water can reduce both capital and operating costs of drip systems. Here we present the results from field trials of new pressure-compensating online drip emitters that operate with a minimum compensating inlet pressure of 15 kPa (0.15 bar), in comparison to typical commercial emitters with minimum pressures of 50−100 kPa (0.5−1.0 bar). The field trials were carried out on nine farms in Morocco and Jordan over the course of one irrigation season with freshwater and treated wastewater. Low-pressure emitters are shown to reduce hydraulic energy per unit volume of water delivered by 43% on average compared to commercial emitters, without significantly sacrificing water emission uniformity (low-pressure emitters show uniformities of 81−91%, compared to 87−96% for commercial emitters). This energy reduction could lead to savings of 22−31% in the capital cost of a pump and emitters and the energy cost for a typical drip irrigation system. Thus, the low-pressure online emitters can be used as substitutes to commercial emitters that require higher water pressures, leading to reduced environmental impact and lower system costs.
Published: 2019
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47. An alternative water-fertilizer-saving management practice for wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain: Based on a 4-year field study

Author: Haoru Li, Xiaoli Li, Xurong Mei, Vinay Nangia, Rui Guo, Weiping Hao, and Jiandong Wang
Subjects: Soil Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Published: 2023

48. Topical glycerine for corneal clouding during retinal laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity

Author: Sarang Lambat, Samyak Gupta, Rashmi Nagar, Prabhat Nangia, Mangat Dogra, and Vinay Nangia
Subjects: Ophthalmology, General Medicine
Abstract: Aim To document the use of topical glycerine to reduce corneal edema in cases of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) undergoing laser photocoagulation (PHC) Methods Thirty-two eyes of 16 babies (9 males) with a mean gestational age of 30 weeks, mean gestational weight of 1242 grams underwent PHC for Type 1 (zone 1 disease) retinopathy of prematurity. All babies received a single PHC session. Twenty eyes of 10 babies received intravitreal anti-VEGF injection, 1–3 weeks before PHC session. All patients received a single drop of glycerine during the PHC session to clear the corneal clouding. All patients underwent PHC to the avascular area right up to the ora serrata. Patients were seen at one week and one month to assess the adequacy of laser PHC. Results We were able to complete the PHC for all babies in a single session without any ocular or systemic adverse events. We did not find any skip lesions at follow-up, and the second session of laser PHC was not required in any eyes. Conclusion Topical glycerine is safe and effective to clear corneal clouding in eyes undergoing laser PHC for retinopathy of prematurity.
Published: 2023

49. Prevalence and Pattern of Geographic Atrophy in Asia

Author: Shih-Jen Chen, Marco Yu, Prabhat Nangia, Se Woong Kang, Jonathan C.H. Chan, Suganeswari Ganesan, Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung, Xiaohui Yang, Praveen Vashist, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Ramasamy Kim, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan, Pei Quan Zhao, Astrid E. Fletcher, Jost B. Jonas, Fumihiko Matsuda, Rajiv Raman, Tung-Mei Kuang, Ravilla D. Ravindran, Kohta Fujiwara, Kenji Yamashiro, Nattapol Pokawattana, Ronnie George, Raba Thapa, Achareeya Saenmee, Rohit C Khanna, Kyu Hyung Park, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Tien Yin Wong, Jie Hao, Jae Pil Shin, Masahiro Miyake, Sang Jun Park, Kai Cao, Feifei Mao, Tarun Sharma, Ningli Wang, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Janani Surya, Ayako Takahashi, Takamasa Kayama, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Hyun Woong Kim, Ching-Yu Cheng, Jaeryung Oh, Ya Xing Wang, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim, Wen Bin Wei, Hiroyuki Namba, Watanee Jenchitr, Toru Takebayashi, Ryo Kawasaki, Sei Harada, Mariko Sasaki, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Koh Hei Sonoda, Periasamy Sundaresan, Qianli Meng, Vinay Nangia, Ian Y. H. Wong, Yasuo Yanagi, Hidetoshi Yamashita, Paisan Ruamviboonsuk, Usha Chakravarthy, Rinat M. Zainullin, Yih Chung Tham, Timur A. Khalimov, Seung-Young Yu, and G.H.M.B. van Rens
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Population, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Pallor, Geographic atrophy, 03 medical and health sciences, Ophthalmology, 0302 clinical medicine, Meta-analysis, Epidemiology, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, medicine, East Asia, medicine.symptom, education, business, 030304 developmental biology, Demography
Abstract: Purpose Although there have been many population-based studies of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), only limited information is available in Asia on the epidemiology of geographic atrophy (GA). We aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of GA through an analysis of multiple studies conducted within the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium (AEEC). Design Cross-sectional meta-analyses. Participants A total of 97 213 individuals aged 40 years and older. Methods Data from 22 population-based studies from countries belonging to the AEEC were included. In all studies, AMD was defined on the basis of standardized grading systems. Geographic atrophy was defined as an area of pallor in the fundus with visibility of the underlying choroidal blood vessels and sharply defined borders. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate overall and age-, gender-, and region-specific pooled prevalence of GA. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of GA per 1000 persons. Results The mean age was 60.8 ± 10.0 years, and 42 673 (43.9%) were male. Overall, a total of 223 individuals (0.2%) had GA. The pooled overall prevalence of GA was 1.57 per 1000 persons (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–2.10), which was 3 times less than that of neovascular AMD of 5.20 per 1000 persons (95% CI, 3.97–6.43). Compared with those aged 50 to 59 years, the prevalence of GA increased from 0.34 per 1000 persons (95% CI, 0.07–0.62) to 2.90 per 1000 persons (95% CI, 1.55–4.25) in those aged ≥70 years. The GA prevalence per 1000 persons was similar between urban (2.22; 95% CI, 1.22–3.23) and rural residents (1.33; 95% CI, 0.70–1.96). Geographic atrophy was more prevalent in South Asia (based on studies from India and Nepal, 3.82 per 1000 persons; 95% CI, 1.72–5.93) compared with East Asia (based on studies from China, Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan, and the Singapore Chinese Eye Study, 0.76 per 1000 persons; 95% CI, 0.31–1.22, P = 0.005). Conclusions Geographic atrophy is uncommon in Asian populations compared with those of European ancestry. Even within Asia, geographic differences in GA prevalence were seen. The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that better dissection of risk factors in the Asian population for GA may provide insights into the biological pathways that drive these late-stage manifestations, thus suggesting better targets for prevention.
Published: 2020

50. Prevalence and predictors of myopic macular degeneration among Asian adults: pooled analysis from the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium

Author: Xiu Juan Zhang, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Jost B. Jonas, Carla Costa Lança, Mihir Trivedi, Tien Yin Wong, Su Jeong Song, Jason C. S. Yam, Keke Zhang, Chi Pui Pang, Rajiv Raman, Ya Xing Wang, Nan Yuan, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Wenwen He, Vinay Nangia, Yih Chung Tham, Xiangjia Zhu, So Young Han, Li Jia Chen, Yee Ling Wong, Pradeep Susvar, Seang-Mei Saw, Sarang Lambat, Yi Lu, Ching-Yu Cheng, and Ecosse L. Lamoureux
Subjects: Adult, Male, China, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Population, Visual Acuity, India, Fundus (eye), Refraction, Ocular, Macular Degeneration, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Asian People, Risk Factors, Ophthalmology, Republic of Korea, Epidemiology, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, education, Dioptre, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Singapore, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Area under the curve, Chorioretinal atrophy, Middle Aged, Sensory Systems, Myopic macular degeneration, Axial Length, Eye, Cross-Sectional Studies, Pooled analysis, ROC Curve, Area Under Curve, Myopia, Degenerative, Female, business
Abstract: AimsTo determine the prevalence and predictors of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in a consortium of Asian studies.MethodsIndividual-level data from 19 885 participants from four population-based studies, and 1379 highly myopic participants (defined as axial length (AL) >26.0 mm) from three clinic-based/school-based studies of the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium were pooled. MMD was graded from fundus photographs following the meta-analysis for pathologic myopia classification and defined as the presence of diffuse choroidal atrophy, patchy chorioretinal atrophy, macular atrophy, with or without ‘plus’ lesion (lacquer crack, choroidal neovascularisation or Fuchs’ spot). Area under the curve (AUC) evaluation for predictors was performed for the population-based studies.ResultsThe prevalence of MMD was 0.4%, 0.5%, 1.5% and 5.2% among Asians in rural India, Beijing, Russia and Singapore, respectively. In the population-based studies, older age (per year; OR=1.13), female (OR=2.0), spherical equivalent (SE; per negative diopter; OR=1.7), longer AL (per mm; OR=3.1) and lower education (OR=1.9) were associated with MMD after multivariable adjustment (all pConclusionIn this pooled analysis of multiple Asian studies, older age, female, lower education, greater myopia severity and longer AL were risk factors of MMD, and myopic SE was the strongest single predictor of MMD.
Published: 2020

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