1. Validation of an easy questionnaire on the assessment of salt habit: the MINISAL-SIIA Study Program
- Author
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D'Elia, L, Manfredi, M, Strazzullo, P, Galletti, F, Agabiti-Rosei, E, Arcangeli, E, Artom, A, Barbato, A, Barbiero, M, Belfiore, A, Bernini, G, Boero, R, Berra, E, Biggi, A, Borgheresi, P, Borghi, C, Bosio, A, Caiazza, A, Caielli, P, Calo, L, Castellano, M, Catena, C, Cerrato, F, Cilia, C, Cipollini, F, Crippa, M, Cuspidi, C, D'Avino, M, De Giorgi, G, De Luca, N, De Pergola, G, Del Giudice, A, Desideri, G, Fallo, F, Ferri, C, Galeone, D, Garavelli, G, Gaudio, G, Giacchetti, G, Gidaro, B, Giovannetti, R, Grandi, A, Guglielmi, M, Iacoviello, L, Leonardis, D, Lonati, C, Lonati, L, Malatino, L, Mallamaci, F, Maresca, A, Marzano, L, Massara, C, Merletti, L, Meschi, M, Modesti, S, Montanari, A, Morganti, A, Musiari, L, Musso, N, Nardecchia, A, Nazzaro, P, Pallisco, O, Panichi, V, Parati, G, Pascale, C, Pini, C, Pirola, I, Pucci, G, Rabbia, F, Rescaldani, M, Ronchi, E, Rossi, E, Rossi, G, Sala, C, Sarzani, R, Sechi, L, Silvestris, F, Stancanelli, B, Trimarco, B, Ungar, A, Veglio, F, Veronesi, M, Vinella, L, D'Elia L., Manfredi M., Strazzullo P., Galletti F., Agabiti-Rosei E., Arcangeli E., Artom A., Barbato A., Barbiero M., Belfiore A., Bernini G., Boero R., Berra E., Biggi A., Borgheresi P., Borghi C., Bosio A., Caiazza A., Caielli P., Calo L. A., Castellano M., Catena C., Cerrato F., Cilia C., Cipollini F., Crippa M., Cuspidi C., D'Avino M., De Giorgi G. A., De Luca N., De Pergola G., Del Giudice A., Desideri G., Fallo F., Ferri C., Galeone D., Garavelli G., Gaudio G., Giacchetti G., Gidaro B., Giovannetti R., Grandi A., Guglielmi M., Iacoviello L., Leonardis D., Lonati C., Lonati L. M., Malatino L., Mallamaci F., Maresca A. M., Marzano L., Massara C., Merletti L., Meschi M., Modesti S., Montanari A., Morganti A., Musiari L., Musso N., Nardecchia A., Nazzaro P., Pallisco O., Panichi V., Parati G., Pascale C., Pini C., Pirola I., Pucci G., Rabbia F., Rescaldani M., Ronchi E., Rossi E., Rossi G., Sala C., Sarzani R., Sechi L. A., Silvestris F., Stancanelli B., Trimarco B., Ungar A., Veglio F., Veronesi M., Vinella L., D'Elia, L, Manfredi, M, Strazzullo, P, Galletti, F, Agabiti-Rosei, E, Arcangeli, E, Artom, A, Barbato, A, Barbiero, M, Belfiore, A, Bernini, G, Boero, R, Berra, E, Biggi, A, Borgheresi, P, Borghi, C, Bosio, A, Caiazza, A, Caielli, P, Calo, L, Castellano, M, Catena, C, Cerrato, F, Cilia, C, Cipollini, F, Crippa, M, Cuspidi, C, D'Avino, M, De Giorgi, G, De Luca, N, De Pergola, G, Del Giudice, A, Desideri, G, Fallo, F, Ferri, C, Galeone, D, Garavelli, G, Gaudio, G, Giacchetti, G, Gidaro, B, Giovannetti, R, Grandi, A, Guglielmi, M, Iacoviello, L, Leonardis, D, Lonati, C, Lonati, L, Malatino, L, Mallamaci, F, Maresca, A, Marzano, L, Massara, C, Merletti, L, Meschi, M, Modesti, S, Montanari, A, Morganti, A, Musiari, L, Musso, N, Nardecchia, A, Nazzaro, P, Pallisco, O, Panichi, V, Parati, G, Pascale, C, Pini, C, Pirola, I, Pucci, G, Rabbia, F, Rescaldani, M, Ronchi, E, Rossi, E, Rossi, G, Sala, C, Sarzani, R, Sechi, L, Silvestris, F, Stancanelli, B, Trimarco, B, Ungar, A, Veglio, F, Veronesi, M, Vinella, L, D'Elia L., Manfredi M., Strazzullo P., Galletti F., Agabiti-Rosei E., Arcangeli E., Artom A., Barbato A., Barbiero M., Belfiore A., Bernini G., Boero R., Berra E., Biggi A., Borgheresi P., Borghi C., Bosio A., Caiazza A., Caielli P., Calo L. A., Castellano M., Catena C., Cerrato F., Cilia C., Cipollini F., Crippa M., Cuspidi C., D'Avino M., De Giorgi G. A., De Luca N., De Pergola G., Del Giudice A., Desideri G., Fallo F., Ferri C., Galeone D., Garavelli G., Gaudio G., Giacchetti G., Gidaro B., Giovannetti R., Grandi A., Guglielmi M., Iacoviello L., Leonardis D., Lonati C., Lonati L. M., Malatino L., Mallamaci F., Maresca A. M., Marzano L., Massara C., Merletti L., Meschi M., Modesti S., Montanari A., Morganti A., Musiari L., Musso N., Nardecchia A., Nazzaro P., Pallisco O., Panichi V., Parati G., Pascale C., Pini C., Pirola I., Pucci G., Rabbia F., Rescaldani M., Ronchi E., Rossi E., Rossi G., Sala C., Sarzani R., Sechi L. A., Silvestris F., Stancanelli B., Trimarco B., Ungar A., Veglio F., Veronesi M., and Vinella L.
- Abstract
Background/objectives: The aim of the present study was to validate a short questionnaire on habitual dietary salt intake, to quickly and easily identify individuals whose salt consumption exceeds recommended levels. Subjects/methods: A total of 1131 hypertensive subjects participating in the MINISAL-SIIA study were included in the analysis. Anthropometric indexes, blood pressure, and 24-h urinary sodium excretion (NaU) were measured. A fixed-sequence questionnaire on dietary salt intake was administered. Results: NaU was significantly associated with scores, with a linear association across categories (p for trend <0.0001). In addition, participants who achieved a total score above the median value (eight points) had significantly higher NaU than those whose score was below median (p < 0.0001). In the total sample, the prevalence of “high NaU” (NaU > 85 mmol/day) and “very high NaU” (NaU > 170 mmol/day) was 86 and 35%, respectively. The score of the questionnaire had a significant ability to detect both “high NaU”—with a specificity of 95% at the score of 10 points—and “very high NaU”—with a specificity of 99.6% at score of 13 points. Conclusions: The main results of the study indicates that a higher score of this short questionnaire is distinctive of habitual high salt consumption in hypertensive patients.
- Published
- 2019