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Internationally, there are resilience promotion programs applied to children in residential alterna tive care with favorable results. The application of the resilience promotion program "VOLANTÍN" has shown to be effective in different groups of school-age children, favoring the development of resilience.To describe the results of the implementation of the "VOLANTÍN' program on the level of resilience, self-concept, and emotional symptoms in children aged 7-12 years in resi dential alternative care (foster care).descriptive, longitudinal study. The "VO LANTÍN" program was implemented in a sample of 15 foster children between 7-12 years old. The variables measured were the "Escala de Resiliencia Escolar" (ERE), the Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale, the Anxiety Self-report for Children and Adolescents (AANA), and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) at the beginning, at the end, and 3 months after the end of the program, and then were analyzed statistically by nonparametric test.At the beginning, the end, and three months after the program implementation, there was a significant increase in the total sco res of ERE (p0.045), subscales "networks-models" (p0.002) and "external resources" (p0.018); and Self-concept (p0.005), subscales "behavior" (p0.045) and "popularity" (p0.03). AANA total scores decreased significantly (p0.004) as well as the subscales "panic/somatic" (p0.025) and "generalized anxiety" (p0.009). CDI scores decreased, but not significantly.The application of the resilience promotion program "VOLANTÍN' increased resilience and self-concept scores and decrea sed anxious symptoms in children aged 7-12 years.

Com o objetivo de contribuir para a forma����o de docentes ediscentes no contexto do ensino online, o qual foi empregado em car��ter de exce����o devido �� pandemia da COVID-19, est��o sendo planejados cursos de qualifica����o para a comunidade acad��mica do campus Caruaru da Universidade de Pernambuco. Um desses cursos aborda as ferramentas Pear Deck e o Podcast. Sendo planejado e executado por alunos, o curso permite aos instrutores assumir o papel de professor, percebendo a utilidade das ferramentas no contexto da sala de aula. Este artigo visa, portanto, descrever o planejamento desse curso e apresentar seus os resultados parciais.

Fraud in public funding can have deleterious consequences for the economic, social, and political well-being of societies. Fraudulent activity associated with public procurement contracts accounts for losses of billions of euros every year. Thus, it is of utmost relevance to explore analytical frameworks that can help public authorities identify agents that are more susceptible to incur in irregular activities. Here, we use standard network science methods to study the co-biding relationships between firms that participate in public tenders issued by the $184$ municipalities of the State of Cear�� (Brazil) between 2015 and 2019. We identify $22$ groups/communities of firms with similar patterns of procurement activity, defined by their geographic and activity scopes. The profiling of the communities allows us to highlight groups that are more susceptible to market manipulation and irregular activities. Our work reinforces the potential application of network analysis in policy to unfold the complex nature of relationships between market agents in a scenario of scarce data., 8 Pages, 5 Figures

Countries tend to diversify their exports by entering products that are related to their current exports. Yet this average behavior is not representative of every diversification path. In this paper, we introduce a method to identify periods when countries enter unrelated products. We analyze the economic diversification paths of 93 countries between 1965 and 2014 and find that countries enter unrelated products in only about 7.2% of all observations. We find that countries enter more unrelated products when they are at an intermediate level of economic development, and when they have higher levels of human capital. Finally, we ask whether countries entering more unrelated products grow faster than those entering only related products. The data shows that countries that enter more unrelated activities experience a small but significant increase in future economic growth, compared to countries with a similar level of income, human capital, capital stock per worker, and economic complexity., 43 pages, 13 figures, 2 appendices

International audience; La détermination précise des compositions élémentaires et isotopiques dans des échantillons nucléaires est indispensable pour la gestion des combustibles nucléaires et des déchets radioactifs. Cette détermination isotopique et élémentaire porte notamment sur l'uranium, le plutonium et les lanthanides et est effectuée par spectrométrie de masse après séparations chimiques afin d’éliminer les interférences isobariques. L'Électrophorèse capillaire est une technique séparative particulièrement attractive pour ces applications, du fait des très hautes efficacités, des courts temps d'analyse et des micro volumes mis en jeu. Des études menées précédemment au laboratoire ont démontré la faisabilité de séparations U/Pu/Lanthanides et de séparations U/Th en utilisant un électrolyte d'acide acétique et en couplage direct avec un spectromètre de masse Multi-collecteurs a source plasma. La complexité et la diversité des échantillons nucléaires imposent un suivi de la spéciation des éléments d’intérêts dans les conditions développées afin de garantir le succès des analyses. L’étude de spéciation qui sera présentée ici a permis d'expliquer les facteurs influençant le comportement électro-optique des éléments d’intérêt. Ces études de spéciation peuvent être étendues a d'autres électrolytes afin de développer des séparations pour les éléments présents dans les échantillons nucléaires.

Menaquinone is an essential component of the electron transport chain in many pathogens and consequently enzymes in the menaquinone biosynthesis pathway are potential drug targets for the development of novel antibacterial agents. Few years ago, Li et al.1 identified several 1,4-benzoxazine-2-one derivatives, that target MenB (1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphtoyl-CoA synthase), endowed with high antibacterial activity against Mycobacteria tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC values as low as 0.6 μg/ml. By these assumptions we designed and synthesized the corresponding isosters 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives in order to investigate the SAR of these novel compounds in comparision with the lead and with the purpose to improve the antimycobacterial activity also towards MOTT (Mycobacteria Other Than Tuberculosis) strains. Menaquinone is an essential component of the electron transport chain in many pathogens and consequently enzymes in the menaquinone biosynthesis pathway are potential drug targets for the development of novel antibacterial agents. Few years ago, Li et al.1 identified several 1,4-benzoxazine-2-one derivatives, that target MenB (1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphtoyl-CoA synthase), endowed with high antibacterial activity against Mycobacteria tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC values as low as 0.6 μg/ml. By these assumptions we designed and synthesized the corresponding isosters 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives in order to investigate the SAR of these novel compounds in comparision with the lead and with the purpose to improve the antimycobacterial activity also towards MOTT (Mycobacteria Other Than Tuberculosis) strains. Figure 1. Optimization of lead compound To date, the antimycobacterial activity is under investigation.

To date, the research in the field of sigma receptors (sR) still remains difficult, considering the fact that only the s1 subtype was purified and cloned from several animal species including man, while the s2R subtype has not been cloned yet and still remains an unknown protein. Is well-known that s1R has been associated with many diseases including stroke, cocaine addiction, pain, cancer, and neurodegenerative pathologies1 while s2R subtype are overexpressed in several tumor cells. By these considerations the s1 ligands could be used as neuroprotective agents, while s2 ligands can be considered a tool for cancer therapy and diagnosis (as PET or SPECT). Starting from the structure of previously reported2, high-affinity benzoxazolone-based s1 ligands, the three-dimensional homology model of the s1R was exploited for retrieving the molecular determinants to fulfill the optimal pharmacophore requirements. Accordingly, the benzoxazolone moiety was replaced by other heterocyclic scaffolds, the relevant conformational space in the s1R binding cavity was explored, and the effect on s1R binding affinity was ultimately assessed. Next, the compounds designed in silico were synthesized, and their affinity and selectivity toward s1 and s2 receptors were tested. We designed and synthesized two new series of compounds 1a-h and 2a-h as potential sigma ligands. The highest s1 affinity (Ki= 16nM) was reached by compound 1a (R=H; R’= CH3); towards s2R the best result was obtained by derivative 2h (R= 2,4(CH3)2; R’= cyclohexyl), with a Ki value of 80 nM.

International audience

Black rot of cruciferous plants, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, causes severe losses in agriculture around the world. This disease affects several cultures, including cabbage and broccoli, among others. Proteome studies of this bacterium have been reported; however, most of them were performed using the bacterium grown under culture media conditions. Recently, we have analyzed the proteome of X. campestris pv. campestris during the interaction with the susceptible cultivar of Brassica oleracea and several proteins were identified. The objective of the present study was to analyze the expressed proteins of X. campestris pv. campestris during the interaction with the resistant cultivar of B. oleracea. The bacterium was infiltrated in the leaves of the resistant plant and recovered for protein extraction and two-dimensional electrophoresis. The protein profile was compared with that of the bacterium isolated from the susceptible host and the results obtained revealed a group of proteins exclusive to the resistant interaction. Among the proteins identified in this study were plant and bacterium proteins, some of which were exclusively expressed during the resistant interaction.

The genus Xanthomonas is composed of several species that cause severe crop losses around the world. In Latin America, one of the most relevant species is Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, which is responsible for black rot in cruciferous plants. This pathogen causes yield losses in several cultures, including cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli. Although the complete structural genome of X. campestris pv. campestris has been elucidated, little is known about the protein expression of this pathogen in close interaction with the host plant. Recently, a method for in vivo analysis of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri was developed. In the present study, this technique was employed for the characterization of the protein expression of X. campestris pv. campestris in close interaction with the host plant Brassica oleracea. The bacterium was infiltrated into leaves of the susceptible cultivar and later recovered for proteome analysis. Recovered cells were used for protein extraction and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Proteins were analysed by peptide mass fingerprinting or de novo sequencing and identified by searches in public databases. The approach used in this study may be extremely useful in further analyses in order to develop novel strategies to control this important plant pathogen.

National audience; La caracterisation isotopique des elements presents apres irradition dans les combustibles est d'une importance majeure pour la validation des codes de calculs neutroniques ou l'acces a des donnees nucleaires de bases. Le protocole actuel au laboratoire pour l'acquisition de donnees elementaires et isotopiques dans ces echantillons necessite plusieurs etapes de separation par chromatographie liquide. Dans une premiere etape, l'uranium (U), le plutonium (Pu) et les Produits de Fission (dont les lanthanides) sont separes puis les fractions purifiees d'U et de Pu sont analysees par spectrometrie de masse. L'objectif de cette etude est le developpement d'une separation U/Pu/lanthanides (Ln) par methode electrophoretique afin de minimiser les volumes d'effluents et les temps d'exposition aux echantillons radioactifs. La separation est couplee a une detection par spectrometrie de masse a source plasma (ICP-MS). Dans cette etude preliminaire, le thorium(IV) a servi d'analogue chimique du Pu(IV). Quatre electrolytes/complexants ont ete selectionnes pour l'etude de la separation par electrophorese capillaire l'acide acetique, l'acide 2,2-hydroxylmethylbutyrique (HMBA), l'acide formique et l'acide malonique. L'acide acetique s'est revele etre l'electrolyte/complexant le plus adapte pour separer l'U, le Th et les Ln. Il permet d'obtenir une plus grande difference de mobilite entre l'U et le Th que l'HMBA ou l'acide formique. De plus, avec l'acide acetique, l'U et le Th peuvent etre separes tout en etant maintenus sous forme cationique, alors que l'acide malonique forme des complexes anioniques. Dans un second temps, une methode de preconcentration des analytes a ete developpee. Elle permet de moduler les profils et les temps d'elution des analytes afin d'obtenir un signal plus adapte pour une quantification precise par ICP-MS. Cette separation sera ensuite transposee en boite a gants sur un microsysteme separatif couple a un ICP-MS-MC pour des mesures isotopiques en ligne de l'U et du Pu ou pour la datation (U-Th) de materiaux nucleaires.

International audience; In the field of nuclear waste management, actinides and lanthanides speciation studies are mainly carried out by chromatographic techniques, involving hydro-organic mobile phases. Introduction of such matrices into ICP sources is complex and results in ICP analytical performances degradation, such as plasma instabilities, sensitivity losses, spectral and non-spectral interferences, contaminations, cone and injector orifices clogging and even extinction. Technical constraints induced by nuclearized spectrometers, mandatory to handle radioactive samples, render this introduction even more challenging.Various introduction devices are commercialized to address the issue of liquid matrices introduction in ICP with the aim to improve the analytical performances, while facilitating the experiments (high plasma tolerance, robust conditions, etc.). Additional operating parameters optimization is needed to conserve the analytical performances using such matrices. The goal of this study is first to better understand the effects and interactions of the operating parameters on signal sensitivity and stability, obtained for lanthanides in hydro-organic matrices involving various amounts of acetonitrile, hardly compatible with ICP sources. For that, a Peltier-cooled cyclonic spray chamber with O2 introduction port (PC3, Elemental Scientific) has been chosen. Then, three introduction devices with different designs and adapted to nuclear instrumentations, have been used whilst remaining easy to handle a cyclonic spray chamber (considered as the basic configuration), the PC3 and a desolvation device (Apex from Elemental Scientific). These devices are compared according to the maximum amount of organic matrices able to be introduced in ICP-MS and regarding robust analytical performances; the sensitivity and stability measured for each analyte; and finally, their ease-of-use.

In recent years a major worldwide problem has arisen with regard to infectious diseases caused by resistant bacteria. Resistant pathogens are related to high mortality and also to enormous healthcare costs. In this field, cultured microorganisms have been commonly focused in attempts to isolate antibiotic resistance genes or to identify antimicrobial compounds. Although this strategy has been successful in many cases, most of the microbial diversity and related antimicrobial molecules have been completely lost. As an alternative, metagenomics has been used as a reliable approach to reveal the prospective reservoir of antimicrobial compounds and antibiotic resistance genes in the uncultured microbial community that inhabits a number of environments. In this context, this review will focus on resistance genes as well as on novel antibiotics revealed by a metagenomics approach from the soil environment. Biotechnology prospects are also discussed, opening new frontiers for antibiotic development.

Hemigrammus parana, new species (Fig. 1) Holotype. DZSJRP 6217, 24.9 mm SL, rio Grande near the old sand port, known as Velho Ad��o, municipality of Santa Clara D���Oeste, S��o Paulo state, Brazil, 20 ��01��� 27.2 ���S, 50 �� 54 ��� 46.6 ���W, F.R.Carvalho and J. O.Carvalho, 08.i. 2004. Paratypes. All from Brazil, upper rio Paran�� system. DZSJRP 8781, 1262/ 3, 13.3 ���28.0 mm, Ribeir��o Can-Can, old port, Ilha Solteira reservoir, municipality of Santa Clara D��Oeste, S��o Paulo state, 20 ��01��� 26.5 ���S 50 �� 54 ��� 44.5 ���W, F.Langeani, R.S.Costa-Ferreira, F.R.Carvalho, M.M.F.Marinho, J.P.Serra and F.L.R.Sousa, 23.viii. 2006; DZSJRP 8809, 208 / 5, 12.2���30.8 mm, headwater of Brejo Comprido, Ilha Solteira reservoir, municipality of Aparecida do Taboado, Mato Grosso do Sul state, 20 �� 10 ��� 34.4 ���S 51 �� 12 ��� 18.6 ���W, F.Langeani, R.S.Costa-Ferreira, F.R.Carvalho, M.M.F.Marinho, J.P.Serra and F.L.R.Sousa, 26.viii. 2006; DZSJRP 9051, 1399, 11.8���29.5 mm, C��rrego da Anta, Fazenda S��o F��lix, Ilha Solteira reservoir, municipality of Aparecida do Taboado, Mato Grosso do Sul state, 20 �� 23 ��� 57.4 ���S 51 ��07��� 57.3 ���W, F.Langeani, R.S.Costa-Ferreira, F.R.Carvalho, M.M.F.Marinho, J.P.Serra and F.L.R.Sousa, 29.viii. 2006; DZSJRP 10796, 359 / 34, 14.8���26.1 mm, 3 c&s, same data as holotype; LIRP 6004 (ex- DZSJRP 10796), 20, 19.8 ���25.0 mm; MCP 41759 (ex- DZSJRP 8781), 20, 20.7���25.2 mm; MNRJ 31197 (ex-DZSJRP 8781), 20, 20.7���27.9 mm; MZUEL 4904 (ex- DZSJRP 10796), 20, 25.7 ��� 18.8 mm; MZUSP 95001 (ex-DZSJRP 8781), 30, 19.3���26.8 mm; UFRGS 8869 (ex-DZSJRP 9051), 50 / 16, 22.2���26.7 mm. Diagnosis. Hemigrammus parana differs from all congeners, except Hemigrammus levis, by the absence of a humeral spot and presence of a conspicuous black spot, restricted to caudal fin, roughly triangular or rectangular, extending from base to tip of middle caudal-fin rays (its greatest depth at base of caudal-fin rays). It differs from H. levis by having 18���23 (mode 21) unbranched anal-fin rays (vs. 16���18), largest tooth of the inner row of premaxilla and dentary with 5 cusps (vs. 7���9 cusps), anterior portion of longitudinal band as a broad uninterrupted pigmented area (vs. anterior portion of longitudinal band with a small round concentration of chromatophores at humeral region, surrounded by unpigmented areas anterior and posteriorly), distance of snout to anal-fin origin 58.6���65.9 % SL, mean 62.0% (vs. 63.7���73.9 % SL, mean 68.8 %), anal base length 25.1���32.5 % SL, mean 29.2 % (19.3���24.7 % SL, mean 22.0%), upper jaw length 39.6���48.3 % HL (vs. 34.3���39.5 % HL), Description. Morphometric data presented in Table 1. Overall size small (22.2���30.2 mm SL). Body compressed, moderately elongate, greatest body depth at vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head convex from tip of upper jaw to vertical through anterior nostril; straight to slightly concave from that point to tip of supraoccipital spine. Dorsal profile of body slightly convex from posterior tip of supraoccipital spine to dorsal-fin origin; straight and posteroventrally inclined from dorsal-fin origin to adipose-fin origin and slightly concave along caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of body convex from tip of lower jaw to pelvic-fin origin; straight from that point to anal-fin origin; straight and posterodorsally slanted along anal-fin base. Ventral profile of caudal peduncle slightly concave. Eyes relatively large, lacking distinct adipose eyelid. Jaw equal, mouth terminal. Maxillary extending posteriorly anterior margin of eye, slightly curved, aligned approximately at 45 degrees angles relative to longitudinal axis of body. Premaxillary teeth in two rows: outer with 2 (7), 3 (29), 4 *(20), or 5 (3) tricuspid teeth (rarely pentacuspid); inner tooth row with 5 tri-pentacuspid teeth. Dentary with 3 (2), 4 *(54) or 5 (2) large tri to pentacuspid teeth, followed by a series of 5���10 small conical teeth. Antero and posterodorsal border of maxillary relatively straight. Maxilla with 0(5), 1 *(29), 2 (17), or 3 (5) tricuspid teeth along anteroventral margin (Fig. 2). Central median cusp in all teeth longer than remaining cusps; cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and towards inside of mouth. Scales cycloid, with few radii, relatively small, and weakly implanted. Lateral line incomplete, slightly decurved anteriorly to vertical through distal tip of pectoral fin; perforated scales of lateral line 6 (7), 7 (19), 8 *(15), 9 (13), 10 (2), or 11 (1); longitudinal scales series including pored scales 26 (2), 27 (4), 28 (6), 29 (8), 30 (6), 31 (10), 32 *(12), 33 (6), or 34 (1); 5 (58) scales rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line; scales rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin insertion 3 (18) or 4 *(32). Predorsal scales 9 (13), 10 *(40), or 11 (6) scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 2 (2), 3 (10), 4 (20), 5 (14), or 6 *(1) in a single row. Circumpeduncular scales 10 *(14), 11 (35) or 12 (6). Axillary scale present. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 9 (58); first unbranched ray approximately one-half of second unbranched ray. Dorsalfin origin at midbody, at vertical through anterior third of pelvic- fin base, and base of its last ray at vertical through second or third anal-fin branched ray. Tip of longest ray of adpressed dorsal fin at vertical through 11 th and 12 th branched anal-fin rays. First dorsal-fin pterygiphore inserting behind neural spine of 6 th(2) or 7 th(1) vertebra. Adipose fin present, located approximately at vertical through second or third last branched of analfin rays. Pectoral fin with i, 9 (2), 10 (17), 11 *(37), or 12 (3) rays. Pelvic fin with i, 6 (7) or 7 *(52) rays; tip of longest ray reaching anal fin. Anal-fin rays iii, 18 (1), 19 (9), 20 (14), 21 *(17), 22 (14), or 23 (4). Caudal fin forked, lobes slightly rounded, similar in size, with i, 9, 8, i rays (58). Caudal fin partially covered with very small and weakly implanted scales along first third of upper and first half of lower caudal-fin lobes. Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 10 (3), ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays 8 (2) or 9 (1). Branchiostegal rays 4. First gill arch with 6 gill rakers on epibranchial, 10 in ceratobranchial, and 3 on hypobranchial. Precaudal vertebrae 15 and caudal vertebrae 17 (2) or 18 (1). Supraneurals 4. Color in alcohol. Overall ground coloration of body pale. Infraorbital and opercular areas silvery. Anterior portion of lower jaw, dorsal portion head, snout, and dorsal midline of body covered by small dark chromatophores. Longitudinal body band dusky, originating as a broad pigmented area from opercle to vertical through tip of longest pectoral-fin ray, becoming more intense, slender and sometimes silvery from this point to end of caudal peduncle. Scales of second or third longitudinal rows above lateral line bordered by few chromatophores, forming a slight reticulate pigmentation. Humeral spot absent. Dorsal, adipose, pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins almost entirely hyaline, with few scattered dark cromatophores. Posterior half of caudal-fin lobes with diffuse chromatophores, making fin slightly darkish. Conspicuous black caudal spot roughly triangular or rectangular, extending from base to tip of middle caudal-fin rays, its greatest depth at base of caudal rays; sometimes, caudal spot lighter, not reaching the tip of middle caudal-fin rays. Color in life. Overall coloration silvery. Intense silvery longitudinal band on body. Dorsal, adipose, pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins yellowish; median portion of caudal lobes reddish or orange. Conspicuous black caudal spot, extending from base to tip of middle caudal-fin rays. Sexual dimorphism. Secondary sexually dimorphic characters, such as hooks on pelvic and anal-fin rays, were not found on examined specimens. Distribution. Hemigrammus parana only occurs in the area of influence of the Ilha Solteira reservoir, upper Paran�� system, southeastern Brazil, throughout margins of rio Grande, rio Paran��, rio Parana��ba, and rio S��o Jos�� dos Dourados (Fig. 3 ��� 4). Etymology. The specific name parana refers to the type locality river, the rio Paran��, which originates after the confluence of the rio Grande and the rio Parana��ba, where the new species occurs. Ecological notes. Hemigrammus parana is very common and specially abundant in backwater margins, from 0.3 to 1.30 m depth, occurring associated with Poaceae and macrophytes (Ceratophyllum sp., Egeria densa, Eichornia spp., Ludwigia sedorde, and Salvinia sp.). Stomach contents examination of two specimens showed a large volume of Spirogyra sp., Cladocera, sediments (sand) and unidentified organic matter. Several species were collected syntopically with Hemigrammus parana, the most frequent were Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, Crenicichla britskii Kullander, Geophagus proximus (Castelnau, 1855), Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, 1758, Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch), Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner), Laetacara sp., Metynnis maculatus (Kner), Moenkhausia sp., Pamphorichthys hollandi (Henn), Roeboides descalvadensis Fowler, Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel), Serrapinnus notomelas (Eigenmann), and Serrasalmus maculatus Kner., Published as part of Marinho, Manoela M. F., Carvalho, Fernando R., Langeani, Francisco & Tatsumi, Vio L., 2008, A new Hemigrammus Gill from upper rio Paran�� system, Southeastern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae), pp. 52-60 in Zootaxa 1724 on pages 53-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181167

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T20:38:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-10 Hemigrammus parana is described from the upper rio Paraná system, in the area of influence of the Ilha Solteira reservoir in states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The new species differs from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: absence of humeral spot; presence of a roughly triangular or rectangular conspicuous black caudal spot, extending from base to tip of middle caudal-fin rays, its greatest depth at base of caudal-fin rays; and anal-fin rays iii-iv, 18-23. Copyright © 2008 Magnolia Press. UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Laboratório de Ictiologia Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP UFRGS Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, bloco IV, prédio 43435, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS IBAMA Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e Dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis Gerência Executiva de Juína, Avenida dos Jambos s/no, Centro, Juína, MT CEP 78.320-000 UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Laboratório de Ictiologia Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP

Introducción: El óxido nítrico producido en las cavidades paranasales juega un importante rol en la fisiología nasal ya que aumenta la frecuencia del batido ciliar, optimiza el barrido mucociliary tiene un efecto bacteriostático y virustático. Diversos estudios muestran que el óxido nítrico nasal exhalado en pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica es significativamente más bajo que en sujetos sanos. Esto podría estar determinado por una alteración en la difusión del óxido nítrico a través de los ostia de drenaje obstruidos o por una menor producción de óxido nítrico por parte de los portadores de rinosinusitis crónica. En este último caso, esto podría corresponder al evento primario en la etiopatogenia de la rinosinusitis crónica. Objetivos: Estudiar y comparar cualitativamente con técnica de inmunohisto-química la expresión de las isoformas e-NOS e I-NOS de la óxido nítrico sintetasa en mucosa sinusal de pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica y pacientes controles, sin patología rinosinusal infecciosa o alérgica. Material y método: Para responder a esta interrogante se realizó un estudio comparativo de casos y controles, con el objetivo de cuantificar con técnica de inmunohistoquímica la expresión de las isoformas endotelial e inducible de la óxido nítrico sintetasa en mucosa sinusal de pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica y pacientes controles sin patología rinosinusal infecciosa o alérgica. Resultados: Ingresan al estudio un total de 11 pacientes. Seis de ellos son el grupo control y 5 con sinusitis crónica. Ambos grupos presentan resultados similares. Conclusión: Los resultados no muestran ninguna diferencia en la expresión de óxido nítrico sintetasa, tanto en su isoforma endotelial como inducible, en la mucosa sinusal de pacientes portadores de rinosinusitis crónica comparado con sujetos sanos Introduction. Nitric oxide produced in the paranasal sinuses plays an important role in nasal physiology because it increases ciliary beat frequency, improves mucociliary clearance and has a bacteriostatic and virustatic effect. Several studies have shown that exhaled nasal nitric oxide was substantially lower in chronic sinusitis patients, compared to healthy subjects. This could be determined by altered nitric oxide diffusion through obstructed drainage ostia, or by chronic sinusitis patients having lower nitric oxide production. Aims. To qualitatively compare by immunocytochemistry the expression of the iNOS and eNOS isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in the sinus mucosa of chronic sinusitis patients and control subjects. Materials and methods. A case-control comparative study was carried out in order to compare by immunocytochemistry the expression of inducible and epithelial isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in nasal mucosa of chronic sinusitis patients and control subjects, with no infectious or allergic rhinosinusal pathology. Results. The results show no difference in the expression of the inducible or epithelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase in the nasal mucosa of chronic sinusitis patients as compared to healthy subjects

Introducción: El óxido nítrico producido en las cavidades paranasales juega un importante rol en la fisiología nasal ya que aumenta la frecuencia del batido ciliar, optimiza el barrido mucociliary tiene un efecto bacteriostático y virustático. Diversos estudios muestran que el óxido nítrico nasal exhalado en pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica es significativamente más bajo que en sujetos sanos. Esto podría estar determinado por una alteración en la difusión del óxido nítrico a través de los ostia de drenaje obstruidos o por una menor producción de óxido nítrico por parte de los portadores de rinosinusitis crónica. En este último caso, esto podría corresponder al evento primario en la etiopatogenia de la rinosinusitis crónica. Objetivos: Estudiar y comparar cualitativamente con técnica de inmunohisto-química la expresión de las isoformas e-NOS e I-NOS de la óxido nítrico sintetasa en mucosa sinusal de pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica y pacientes controles, sin patología rinosinusal infecciosa o alérgica. Material y método: Para responder a esta interrogante se realizó un estudio comparativo de casos y controles, con el objetivo de cuantificar con técnica de inmunohistoquímica la expresión de las isoformas endotelial e inducible de la óxido nítrico sintetasa en mucosa sinusal de pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica y pacientes controles sin patología rinosinusal infecciosa o alérgica. Resultados: Ingresan al estudio un total de 11 pacientes. Seis de ellos son el grupo control y 5 con sinusitis crónica. Ambos grupos presentan resultados similares. Conclusión: Los resultados no muestran ninguna diferencia en la expresión de óxido nítrico sintetasa, tanto en su isoforma endotelial como inducible, en la mucosa sinusal de pacientes portadores de rinosinusitis crónica comparado con sujetos sanos