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Background: There is a strong causal relationship between intimate partner violence and major depressive disorder, which partly endangers women's safety across the life course and potentially affects the development of future generations. The international community has placed a high priority on addressing the intimate partner violence and the resulting burden of mental illness. Data collection needs to be captured across the temporal trend and spatial distribution for major depressive disorder attributed to intimate partner violence, to reflect the priorities and expectations of survivors.Method: This research obtained raw disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) information for major depressive disorder attributed to intimate partner violence from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Using estimated annual percentage change and two-way fixed effects models, a secondary spatio-temporal analysis of the age-standardized DALYs rate from 1990 to 2019 was performed.Results: In 2019, DALYs lost among women experiencing major depressive disorder (3.16 million) accounted for 37.18% of the DALYs lost worldwide due to intimate partner violence. The age-standardized DALYs rate of major depressive disorder attributed to intimate partner violence was 108.57 per 100,000. The highest was concentrated in the menopausal transition (45-55), with 133.61 per 100,000, and particularly distributed in Uganda (429.31 per 100,000). The early reproductive period (15–19) showed the increasing age-standardized DALYs rate from 1990 to 2019, which was mainly driven by Malaysia (3.73% per year). Furthermore, countries with higher initial levels of the age-standardized DALYs rate were growing faster than those with lower levels.Conclusions: The burden of major depressive disorder attributed to intimate partner violence showed biological and spatial inequality, prioritized intervention should be targeted at vulnerable stage women in their early reproductive period and menopausal transition. Combined political, socio-cultural as well as medical measures to prevent violence and treat major depressive disorder should be implemented and developed.

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Este trabajo analiza cómo se perciben diferentes comportamientos de violencia psicológica en jóvenes, según la gravedad y evaluando las creencias sexistas subyacentes, para incluirlos como contenidos en programas de prevención de violencia en parejas, entendiendo la violencia de pareja como un proceso continuo. Un análisis factorial exploratorio de la escala de Percepción de Violencia de Género Psicológica con 888 estudiantes de 18 a 25 años reveló 4 componentes principales con una rotación oblimin, explicando el 74% de la varianza. Las correlaciones de los ítems fueron >.59. El orden encontrado, verificado con regresión lineal por método intro, fue: indiferencia afectiva, irresponsabilidad sexista, violencia de control coercitivo y violencia de dominación-hostilidad. Estas se correlacionaron con sexismo hostil y benevolente: solo las hostiles influyeron en diferentes percepciones de gravedad; luego, los comportamientos violentos no relacionados con sexismo podrían pasar desapercibidos. Estos resultados apoyan la especificación de contenidos a entrenar para mejorar la eficacia.

Objetivo: Explorar la prevalencia de la victimización sexual sufrida en la infancia o por parte de la pareja en la adultez, y la asociación de ambas variables con los antecedentes de lesiones proliferativas ginecológicas (displasia de mama, displasia cervical, cáncer de mama y cáncer de cuello de útero) en una muestra de mujeres de Córdoba, Argentina. Metodología: Se encuestó a 115 mujeres mayores de 18 años en 14 ciudades de la provincia de Córdoba durante 2017 y 2018. Se evaluaron sus datos sociodemográficos y sanitarios, antecedentes de lesiones proliferativas ginecológicas, victimización sexual en la infancia o por la pareja en la adultez. Se llevaron a cabo análisis bivariados y de regresión logística binaria para calcular asociaciones entre las variables. Resultados: El 40,8 % de las participantes reportó antecedentes de lesiones proliferativas. Alrededor del 30 % de la muestra total indicó haber sufrido al menos una experiencia de victimización sexual durante su vida. Haber sido forzada a mantener relaciones sexuales sin protección por la pareja fue significativamente más frecuente en las mujeres con antecedentes de lesiones proliferativas ginecológicas (12,8 %; or = 9,80, ic 95 %: 1,14-84,38). Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (its) fueron el mejor predictor de los antecedentes de lesiones proliferativas ginecológicas (or = 26,52, ic 95 %: 5,15-136,65), seguido de la violencia sexual ocasionada por la pareja en la adultez (or = 13,84, ic 95 %: 1,29-148,78). Conclusiones: La asociación entre las its y las lesiones proliferativas ginecológicas podría estar influenciada por conductas como la violencia sexual producida por la pareja. Los resultados destacan la necesidad de identificar los potenciales determinantes sociales de la salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres en Argentina y la región.

En México, el 70.1% de las mujeres ha sido víctima de violencia a lo largo de su vida y el principal perpetrador es la pareja. La violencia de género es un problema de salud pública que tiene múltiples impactos negativos en la mujer y sus descendientes. Su relación con los ingresos es un asunto que ha sido escasamente estudiado para el caso mexicano. El objetivo es analizar el efecto de la violencia de pareja sobre el ingreso laboral de las mujeres en México, se usan datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares (ENDIREH 2021). Se emplea el método de componentes principales para calcular cinco tipos de violencia: física, emocional, económica, sexual y acoso. Para considerar la endogeneidad de las variables ingreso y violencia se emplea el método de variables instrumentales. Con excepción del acoso, los resultados indican una relación negativa entre los ingresos y los otros cuatro tipos de violencia. En específico, la violencia sexual es la que representa los mayores efectos negativos sobre el ingreso laboral; las mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual tienen una reducción promedio de 17.4% en el ingreso laboral mensual. Este efecto negativo representa una pérdida de poco más de dos meses de días de trabajo al año y, en términos agregados, equivale al 0.87% del PIB. Lo anterior resalta la importancia de orientar las acciones de política pública para trabajar en la prevención, atención, sanción y erradicación de cualquier tipo de violencia contra la mujer.

Objective: The current study reexamines data from Babcock et al. (2011) proximal change experiment to discern the differential utility of two communication skills-based interventions for proactive and reactive partner violence offenders. Method: Partner violent men were randomly assigned to the Editing Out the Negative skill, the Accepting Influence skill, or to a placebo/timeout and reengaged in a conflict discussion with their partners. Proactivity was tested as a moderator of immediate intervention outcomes. The ability to learn the communication skills, changes in self-reported affect, observed aggression, and psychophysiological responding were examined as a function of proactivity of violence. Results: Highly proactive men had some difficulty learning the Accepting Influence skill and they responded poorly to this intervention. They responded positively to the Editing Out the Negative technique, with less aggression, more positive affect, and lower heart rates. Low proactive (i.e., reactive) men tended to feel less aggressive, more positive, and less physiologically aroused after completing the Accepting Influence technique. Conclusions: This study lends support for tailoring batterer interventions specific to perpetrator characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the many forms of psychological violence, gaslighting is a particularly insidious manipulative behaviour that includes acts aimed at controlling and altering one’s own partner’s sensations, thoughts, actions, affective state, self-perception, and reality-testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the experience of gaslighting and dysfunctional aspects of the partner’s personality. Gaslighter personality facets were assessed using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Informant Form–Adult (PID-5-IRF), while gaslighting behaviours were assessed using a 25-item questionnaire, based on the three categories of glamour, good-guy, and intimidator (Stern, 2007). The sample was made up of a group of 177 Italian emerging adults aged between 19 and 26 (49.2% male, 50.8% female; M = 21.88, SD = 1.75), enrolled at University, who participated voluntarily in the research. In fact, none of them received any form of direct or indirect incentive. In our study, we applied a beta regression model mapping the Likert scale into the open interval (0,1). The main results show (a) good-guy gaslighting is positively associated with manipulativeness and negatively associated with deceitfulness; (b) glamour gaslighting has a negative association with separation insecurity and manipulativeness, but it is positively associated with irresponsibility; (c) intimidator gaslighting has a positive association with separation insecurity and distractibility and a negative association with eccentricity and perceptual dysregulation; (d) all three gaslighting categories are negatively associated with anhedonia and impulsivity. Based on what emerged from the data, aspects such as separation insecurity, irresponsibility, and distractibility can be seen as serious risk factors for gaslighting. For this reason, with regard to clinical implications, an early recognition of dysfunctional traits in potential abusers should be fostered in order to protect both potential abusers and their partner from aggressive conduct within an intimate relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Este artículo es una revisión del paradigma de violencia contenido en el art. 14 § 1 de las Reglas de procedimiento del motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus, a partir de los desarrollos que de aquella ofrecen el Subsidio Aplicativo del Tribunal Apostólico de la Rota Romana y las aportaciones de la doctrina canónica. La cuestión es si el tipo de violencia jurídicamente relevante que se propone, esto es, exclusivamente física, habitual y grave, en cuanto indicio de nulidad matrimonial, responde o no a las dinámicas de perpetración y victimización que se registran antes y después de la celebración del matrimonio.

Background: Women are the primary caregivers of children in palliative care. Research has shown that the presence of intimate partner violence at home exacerbates the vulnerability of the caregiver. Current statistics indicate a high prevalence of violence in Mexico present in the intersectionality between intimate partner violence and the role of the primary caregiver. This study aimed to describe the frequency of intimate partner violence among primary palliative caregivers at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study with convenience sampling; no sample calculation was performed. All female primary caregivers of children in the palliative care unit were invited to participate. The Scale of Violence and Index of Severity of Violence was used as the measuring instrument. Results: One hundred women participated in the study by submitting their survey in a designated mailbox. No sociodemographic data or patient diagnoses were collected. The frequency of intimate partner violence was 28%, of which 16% were considered severe cases. Women reported psychological violence (36%), sexual violence (23%), and physical violence (22%). Conclusions: Almost one-third of female primary caregivers of pediatric patients at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez have been victims of some form of violence by current partners. This study highlights a previously unreported problem and opens the door for studies to correlate intimate partner violence among primary caregivers and the quality of life of children in palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different studies show the relationship between peer violence and teen dating violence. However, more knowledge is needed about this relationship. The aim of this study was to explore possible differences in peer violence (perpetrated and suffered) in adolescents with different role in teen dating violence (aggressor, victim, aggressor-victim, and not involved). The initial sample was composed of 1078 adolescents, but for the purposes of this study, only those students who had a partner in the last year were considered, 672 students (51.6% girls) aged 12-18 years (M= 14.45, SD= 1.62). These adolescents completed the CADRI scale, the VEI peer victimization scale, and the violent behavior scale by Little et al. (2003). The results indicated that peer violence victimization and perpetration were closely related to dating abuse (victimization and perpetration) in adolescents. Students with frequent aggressor-victim role in partner relationships showed more peer violence behaviors. Girls victims of teen dating violence were more victimized by their classmates. These results show a strong relationship between these two problems, which seriously affect the well-being of adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction/Objective: Although studies show high figures for cyberviolence victimization in courtship (CVN), little is known about its prevalence and frequency in Colombia and the difficulties that could be related to it are still unknown worldwide. This study compared the prevalence of CVN victimization by age and sex, in a group of Colombian adolescents and young adults, and examined whether the frequency of CVN behaviors suffered was related to the number of suicide attempts and escapes from home, the quality of relationships with peers, adults and family members and the academic performance. Method: 1971 adolescents and young adults from 13 to 40 years of age (53% women) participated. The CDAQ and a questionnaire of psychological variables were used. Results: 81.3% of the participants reported having suffered at least one CVN behavior, this percentage being significantly higher among adolescents than among young adults. There were statistically significant differences in the experience of CVN behaviors by sex, with men reporting being victims of aggression more frequently. All the variables correlated significantly with the frequency of CVN behaviors suffered. Participants who experienced at least one CVN behavior reported significantly more escapes from home and lower quality relationships with adults, peers, and family members. Conclusions: These results suggest that CVN affects adolescents more than young adults and that the victims could present several difficulties at the family and social level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objetivos. Describir la prevalencia de diferentes tipos de violencia por parte de la pareja íntima, y estimar cómo esta se relaciona con el desarrollo infantil de los niños expuestos, en un país de bajos ingresos en América Latina. También estimamos la relación entre la violencia por parte de la pareja íntima y las prácticas de cuidado infantil, incluyendo el uso de castigo físico. Métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional, utilizando datos recolectados como línea de base para una evaluación de impacto del Programa Nacional de Primera Infancia en Nicaragua entre 2013 y 2014. La muestra cuenta con 8 921 niños de entre 0 y 5 años y 7 436 madres o cuidadoras, ubicados en municipios que tienen un índice de pobreza extrema mayor a 0,2. Resultados. Los datos indican que el 61% de las madres o cuidadoras ha reportado comportamientos controladores de sus parejas, el 50% ha sufrido violencia emocional y el 26% ha sufrido violencia física alguna vez en su vida. Además, los datos muestran que los niños expuestos a violencia por parte de la pareja íntima muestran un peor comportamiento, y mayores rezagos en el desarrollo del lenguaje y el desarrollo social-individual. También muestran mayores probabilidades de nacimientos prematuros, y son más propensos a tener un esquema de vacunación incompleto. Por último, es más probable que los hogares expuestos a violencia por parte de la pareja íntima sean un ambiente más hostil y poco seguro para los niños. Conclusiones. Los resultados reflejan la magnitud de la violencia por parte de la pareja íntima y cómo esta afecta negativamente a los niños. Consecuentemente, es importante que se diseñen e implementen políticas públicas de prevención de esta conducta para evitar las secuelas que generan en los niños y frenar su transmisión intergeneracional.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators often deny their actions, limiting opportunities for intervention. Cisgender male couples experience similar IPV rates to mixed-gender couples, yet less is known about how men in same-sex relationships deny or report their IPV behavior. This study aimed to describe perpetration denial across emotional, monitoring/controlling, and physical/sexual IPV, and to identify correlates of perpetration denial, in a convenience sample of male couples (N = 848; United States, 2016-2017). Past-year victimization and perpetration were measured with the IPV-Gay and Bisexual Men (GBM) scale; perpetration deniers were men whose self-reported perpetration contradicted their partner's reported victimization. Individual-, partner-, and dyadic-correlates of perpetration denial, by IPV-type, were identified using actorpartner interdependence models. We identified 663 (78.2%) perpetrators: 527 emotional; 490 monitoring/controlling; 267 physical/sexual. Thirty-six percent of physical/sexual-, 27.7% of emotional-, and 21.43% of monitoring/controlling-perpetrators categorically denied their actions. Depression was negatively associated with denying monitoring/controlling-perpetration (odds ratio 95% confidence interval: 0.91 [0.84, 0.99]) and physical/sexual-perpetration (0.91 [0.83, 0.97]); dyadic differences in depression were associated with emotional-perpetration denial (0.95 [0.90, 0.99]). Recent substance users had 46% lower odds of monitoring/controlling-denial (0.54 [0.32, 0.92]), versus non-users. Partner-race and employment were also significantly associated with emotional perpetration denial. This study highlights IPV denial's complexities, including differences across IPV types. Further investigations into how cisgender men in same-sex couples perceive and report various types of IPV perpetration will provide valuable insight into how an underserved and understudied population experiences IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Men with alcohol and/or other drug use problems (ADUPs) court-mandated to attend intervention programs for intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators have been identified as a high-risk, highly resistant group of IPV perpetrators, as they present lower treatment adherence and higher dropout and recidivism rates. Previous research suggests that IPV perpetrators with ADUPs may require tailored interventions to address their specific risk factors. The present systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines to identify the specific risk factors in men with and without ADUPs on entry to court-mandated perpetrator programs. The following databases were searched from inception to November 2021: Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus. There was a screening of 3,995 records, and 29 quantitative studies were included in the review. Risk factors present in males court-mandated to perpetrator programs were grouped into four categories: sociodemographic risk factors, personality disorders and psychological adjustment, social-relational risk factors, and risk factors related to attitudes towards women. Results indicated that the main risk factors in IPV perpetrators with ADUPs, compared to those without, were higher clinical symptomatology (e.g., anger and impulsivity), personality disorders, poorer executive functions, having experienced more stressful life events, higher exposure to childhood trauma, lower intimate social support, and higher responsibility attributed to the offenders' personal context. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex phenomenon of IPV and ADUPs, and could help to inform key targets for perpetrator programs that may improve the well-being of their (ex)partners and increase the effectiveness of intervention programs for IPV perpetrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence can lead to physical, economical, mental, and sexual well-being issues, and even death, and it is most commonly experienced by women. There exist a number of treatment models for the prevention and treatment of intimate partner violence (IPV). In this study, we provided a comprehensive meta-regression analysis of the effectiveness of batterer treatment programs, with a view to characterizing the interplay between different forms of IPV (physical, psychological, and sexual). Using meta-regression, we explore the effect sizes and whether IPV treatment methods have distinct impacts on the outcomes. We use the difference normalized by pretreatment mean and variance foldchange to uncover the relationship between different violence subtypes and how they drive each other. Specifically, our study found that studies with more pre-treatment psychological and/or sexual violence, lead to less favorable outcomes while the studies that start with more physical violence are able to demonstrate their effects more effectively. Results of this study can be used to help the clinician effectively select the treatment for the perpetrator based on the violence type and severity of violence in order to more effectively treat the needs for each specific relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. There is a growing need to implement evidence-based psychological treatments for women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) who commonly experience stress-related disorders such as anxiety, depression, or suicide risk, as well as altered cortisol reactivity. Objective. 1. To compare the changes in depressive and anxious symptomatology, quality of life, and cortisol reactivity after two different interventions, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT, based on psychological flexibility) or Interpersonal Therapy (IPT, based on empowerment) in women exposed to IPV. 2. To compare the changes in relation to the presence of suicide thoughts. Method. A clinical sample of 50 women (ages 21-74) randomly assigned to attend ACT or IPT, completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires about intimate partner violence, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and measurements of salivary cortisol reactivity (basal, 15, 30, and 45 minutes after a cognitive challenge). We used Generalized Estimating Equation Models for data analysis. Results. There was a significant improvement post-intervention in all variables, regardless of the type of psychotherapy or the presence of suicide thoughts. Before interventions, women that reported suicide thoughts had severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, worse quality of life, and a cortisol hyper-response profile, in contrast to women without suicide thoughts who had moderate symptoms and no cortisol response. Cortisol response to the cognitive test decreased in all women after both therapies. Discussion and conclusion. Although different psychological approach, ACT, and IPT effectively improved mental health, quality of life, and changed cortisol reactivity of women exposed to IPV, including women at suicide risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objetivo. Describir desde una perspectiva interseccional el ecosistema institucional de la violencia de pareja en el municipio de Soracá, Boyacá. Metodología. El estudio es cualitativo y a través de un grupo focal con los actores institucionales del contexto se recolectó la información. Resultados. La articulación interinstitucional contribuye a la formación de estrategias de atención y prevención de la violencia a partir del reconocimiento de las categorías de género, clase social, edad, nivel educativo y demás dimensiones que configuran las identidades de sus pobladores y posibilitan el reconocimiento de las experiencias que estructuran la violencia de pareja. Conclusiones. Las características geográficas del territorio rural altoandino inciden en la creación de mecanismos de acompañamiento continuo a las víctimas de la violencia de pareja.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the main pathology that occurs within interpersonal relations, and women are the chief victims in an overwhelming majority of cases. At present, a well-established international legal framework is in place that defines IPV as violating internationally recognized human rights. However, the application of these standards has proven difficult because it requires multilayered arrangements to be effective. This paper investigates whether and how police authorities and the justice system – as parts of the victims’ support network – can assist victims in escaping from violence and restoring normality to their lives. The focus is on the gap between the law in the book and the law in action. To this end, the paper presents the findings of an Italian case study based on both document analysis and field research. The main aim is to bring to light organizational problems that can seriously jeopardize the effectiveness of systems to shield IPV victims and the full enjoyment of their individual rights. La violencia de pareja es la principal patología en relaciones interpersonales, y las mujeres son las víctimas en una aplastante mayoría de los casos. En este momento, hay en vigor un marco jurídico internacional bien establecido, el cual define la violencia de pareja como violación de derechos humanos reconocidos a nivel internacional. Sin embargo, la aplicación de esos estándares ha demostrado ser difícil, porque, para su efectividad, se requieren acuerdos a distintos niveles. Este artículo investiga si las autoridades policiales y el sistema de justicia –como parte de la red de apoyo a las víctimas– pueden ayudar a las víctimas a escapar de la violencia y a restablecer la normalidad en sus vidas, y de qué manera. Nos centramos en la brecha entre el derecho en los libros y el derecho en acción. A este fin, el artículo presenta los hallazgos de un estudio de caso de Italia, basado tanto en análisis de documentos como en investigación de campo. El objetivo principal es arrojar luz sobre problemas organizacionales que pueden poner seriamente en peligro la efectividad de los sistemas que deben proteger a las víctimas y el pleno disfrute de los derechos personales de éstas. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1272

La violencia contra la mujer es una emergencia mundial de salud pública, ésta involucra la violencia en el noviazgo. El estudio tuvo por objetivo probar la hipótesis de relación positiva y significativa entre los diferentes tipos de violencia en la pareja y los mitos del amor romántico. El paradigma metodológico fue cuantitativo no experimental, diseño transversal-correlacional. La muestra fue de 163 mujeres estudiantes de enfermería de una Universidad Pública. Las escalas utilizadas fueron: cuestionario de violencia entre novios adaptado por Rodríguez et al, (DVQ-R) (i.e., Desapego, Humillación, Coerción, Violencia Física y Violencia Sexual) y la escala de “mitos del amor romántico” probada por Ramírez-Carrasco et al. (2021) en población chilena, (media naranja; emparejamiento; exclusividad; celos; omnipotencia; libre albedrío; matrimonio; pasión eterna), para los análisis de correlación se utilizó el coeficiente rho de spearman. Se determino que; el 26,7% de las estudiantes sufren algún tipo de violencia por la pareja. Los mitos de los celos tuvieron las mayores correlaciones con las violencias de: desapego, coerción, humillación y violencia sexual; el mito de emparejamiento se correlacionó con desapego, coerción y la violencia física; el mito de libre albedrío con desapego y coerción, los demás mitos no se relacionaron con ningún tipo de violencia. Se concluye que los mitos del amor romántico son un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de la violencia en la pareja, es urgente desarrollar un programa de intervención para erradicar los mitos mencionados y que considere visibilizar las violencias por coerción y el desapego, muchas veces desestimadas.

Objective: Even though previous research has identified the negative impact of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, less is known regarding the moderator factors that explain this association. In this study, we first aimed to assess whether there would be differences in terms of specific neuropsychological variables (e.g., IQ, working memory, executive functioning, and emotion decoding) between different groups of IPV perpetrators, affected or not by ADHD, and also compared with non-violent men (without ADHD). Second, we evaluated differences in dropout and recidivism among the subgroups of IPV perpetrators. Third, we assessed whether ADHD interacts with neuropsychological functioning to explain treatment compliance (dropout) and official recidivism among IPV perpetrators. Method: We administered a set of neuropsychological tests and self-reports to a group of IPV perpetrators with ADHD (n = 161), without ADHD (n = 163), and non-violent men (n = 103). Data on IPV perpetrators' treatment compliance and official recidivism were collected after treatment. Results: Our results indicated that all the groups of IPV perpetrators presented worse performance in all cognitive domains than controls. Furthermore, ADHD IPV perpetrators also showed worse performance in all cognitive domains than IPV perpetrators without ADHD, except for emotion decoding abilities. Most importantly, the combined subtype of ADHD IPV perpetrators presented the highest rate of dropout and official recidivism. Lastly, ADHD diagnosis and neuropsychological impairments separately offered a considerable explanation of treatment compliance and recidivism but their combination did not increase the amount of explained variance. Conclusions: Our study highlights the need to implement good screening processes for correctly diagnosing IPV perpetrators and, consequently, designing more effective intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most extreme form of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is female intimate partner homicide (female IPH). The main goal of this study was to analyze the prevalence of psychopathy in a sample of Spanish male offenders of female IPH. This study also aimed to examine the relationship between psychopathy and committing suicide after female IPH in a sample of 76 Spanish male offenders of female IPH. We examined the presence or lack of psychopathic traits or psychopathy itself, using the two factors and four facets of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Applying this procedure, we obtained a series of descriptive statistics and frequencies, to which we applied Student's t-test and variance analyses. We found a low prevalence of subjects diagnosed as psychopath at a cut-off score equal or greater than 30 on the PCL-R, but a higher prevalence was found with a cut-off score of 25. The presence of factor I traits (personality and interpersonal characteristics) was greater than factor II (impulsive and antisocial behavior) among female IPH offenders. Higher scores on factor II and lower on factor I were related to an increased risk of suicide after committing female IPH. The study data support international research showing a significant presence of factor I traits (e.g., callousness and lack of empathy) among IPH offenders. Also, these data support that those male offenders of female IPH who presents characteristics of impulsivity and antisocial behavior do tend to commit suicide more frequently after committing female IPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To review the studies on dating violence (dv) of young people, developed in Colombia and Latin America (2016-2020), to account for their methodological characteristics and main findings. Method: The search for articles on vn was carried out in seven databases and those had to meet the following inclusion criteria: 1) sample of young people, 2) study carried out in Colombia or in another Latin American country, and 3) published between 2016 and 2020. Studies are classified taking into account their methodology. Results: 38 articles were included, of which 23 met the analysis criteria: 13 from Colombia, 4 from Mexico, 4 from Brazil, 2 from Chile, and 1 from Argentina. Only 3 of 23 articles used mixed methodology, two in Brazil and one in Colombia; the rest used quantitative methodology. It describes how vn has been conceptualized and studies are classified into epidemiological findings, instrumental studies, and studies on young people's beliefs about vn, classification given by the objective of the research. Conclusions: Knowing how vn is conceptualized and the prevalence of vn in young people to understand it in the Latin American context is essential to prevent this problem. The findings presented in this article can serve as an input for social institutions and organizations to understand dating violence and generate tools for its prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Estudios Económicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo. Describir lo que se sabe acerca de la prevalencia nacional de la violencia por parte de la pareja íntima (VPI) contra las mujeres en las Américas, en los diversos países y en el transcurso del tiempo, incluida la cobertura geográfica, calidad y comparabilidad de los datos nacionales. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática y reanálisis de las estimativas nacionales de la VPI basadas en la población de 1998 a 2017 en las Américas. Las cifras se reanalizaron para comparabilidad o se extrajeron de los informes, incluida la prevalencia por tipo (física; sexual; o física y/o sexual), marco temporal (alguna vez; durante el último año) y perpetrador (cualquiera pareja en la vida; pareja actual/más reciente). En los países con tres (3+) rondas de datos, se aplicaron las pruebas de Cochran-Armitage y de ji cuadrada de Pearson para evaluar si los cambios en el transcurso del tiempo fueron significativos (p > 0,05). Resultados. Se encontraron encuestas elegibles en 24 países. Las mujeres reportaron haber sufrido alguna vez violencia física y/o sexual por parte de la pareja íntima con tasas que variaron desde el 14% a 17% en Brasil, Panamá y Uruguay hasta más de la mitad (58,5%) en Bolivia. La prevalencia de violencia física y/o sexual por parte de la pareja íntima durante el último año varió desde 1,1% en el Canadá hasta 27,1% en Bolivia. La evidencia preliminar sugiere una posible disminución en la prevalencia reportada para ciertos tipos de VPI en ocho países; sin embargo, algunos cambios fueron pequeños, ciertos indicadores no se modificaron significativamente y se observaron incrementos significativos en la prevalencia reportada de violencia física por parte de la pareja íntima durante el último año en la República Dominicana. Conclusiones. La VPI contra las mujeres sigue siendo un problema de salud pública y de derechos humanos en las Américas; sin embargo, la base de evidencia al respecto tiene deficiencias, lo que apunta a la necesidad de datos de mejor calidad y más comparables, a fin de movilizar y monitorear a la prevención y la respuesta ante la violencia.

Objetivo: Revisar los estudios sobre violencia en el noviazgo (vn) de jóvenes, desarrollados en Colombia y América Latina (2016-2020), para dar cuenta de sus características metodológicas y principales hallazgos. Método: La búsqueda de artículos sobre vn se realizó en siete bases de datos y aquellos debían cumplir los siguientes criterios de inclusión: 1) muestra de jóvenes, 2) estudio realizado en Colombia o en otro país latinoamericano, y 3) publicados entre 2016 y 2020. Se clasifican los estudios teniendo en cuenta su metodología. Resultados: Se incluyeron 38 artículos, de los cuales 23 cumplieron con los criterios de análisis: 13 de Colombia, 4 de México, 4 de Brasil, 2 de Chile y 1 en Argentina. Solo 3 de 23 artículos utilizaron metodología mixta, dos en Brasil y uno en Colombia; el resto utilizó metodología cuantitativa. Se describe cómo se ha conceptualizado la vn y se clasifican los estudios en hallazgos epidemiológicos, estudios instrumentales y estudios sobre las creencias de los/as jóvenes sobre vn, clasificación dada por el objetivo de la investigación. Conclusiones: Conocer cómo se conceptualiza la vn y las prevalencias de la vn en jóvenes para entenderla en el contexto Latinoamericano resulta fundamental para prevenir este problema. Los hallazgos presentados en este artículo pueden servir de insumo para las instituciones y organizaciones sociales, para comprender la violencia en el noviazgo y generar herramientas para su prevención.

Introducción. La violencia de pareja (VP) es un fenómeno complejo compuesto por múltiples factores micro y macro socio estructural, y prioritario para la salud pública. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar intervenciones para prevenir la VP dirigidas a población Latina e Hispanoamericana a través de una revisión sistemática basada en las directrices del Joanna Briggs Institute. Metodología. Se extrajeron estudios de PubMed, EBSCO, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences, Scopus y Scielo mediante una estrategia de búsqueda específica para cada base de datos. Se incluyeron artículos para prevenir VP en población Latina y/o Hispano-Americana de entre 13 y 24 años de edad, publicadas en inglés o español y hasta julio del 2020. Después de eliminar duplicados se examinaron 1031 a título y resumen, se revisaron 31 a texto completo en pares, y seis se incluyeron en la síntesis de la evidencia. Resultados. Cuatro estudios mostraron calidad mediana y dos de alta de acuerdo a las directrices del Joanna Briggs Institute. Cuatro se realizaron en EUA y dos en México. De las características de las muestras totales de las intervenciones, el rango de edad fue de 13 a 23 años, todas dirigidas a ambos sexos. Las intervenciones se realizaron en instituciones educativas. La intervención más corta fue de una sesión de cuatro horas y la más amplia de 18 sesiones. Cinco de las intervenciones estuvieron basadas en teoría, como la Teoría del Aprendizaje Social, Teoría Social Cognitiva, Teatro del Oprimido, Modelo de Desarrollo Social. Una de ellas utilizó al mismo tiempo metodología comunitaria participativa. Algunos de los resultados significativos fueron disminución de la aceptación de la violencia, mayor autoeficacia para resolver conflictos no violentos y mayores intenciones de no actuar violentamente, incremento en la percepción y actitudes hacia la violencia, aumentó del conocimiento sobre violencia, menor aceptación de la agresión de las mujeres sobre los hombres e incremento de la búsqueda de ayuda. Discusión y conclusiones. Resultan pocas las intervenciones de prevención de VP en adolescentes, adultas(os) jóvenes y culturalmente ad hoc a poblaciones Latina e Hispano-americanas, cuando se comparan con intervenciones disponibles que no consideran criterios de raza o de antecedentes socio-culturales específicos. La corta duración de las intervenciones sigue siendo una característica observable en relación al resultado esperado en las variables dependientes, ya que de esto depende el cambio conductual. Las intervenciones para prevenir VP pueden ser prometedoras cuando se implementan en el contexto educativo, incluyendo estudiantes, personal docente y administrativo, con enfoques comunitarios participativos, considerando las singularidades del contexto socio-cultural y estructural que moldea a las conductas de violencia contra las mujeres. La adaptación de dichas intervenciones a contextos similares mediante procesos sistemáticos contribuye a la transferencia del conocimiento y al mejoramiento de las innovaciones.

Objetivo. Analizar la violencia de pareja desde el enfoque sistémico-comunicacional. Metodología. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo con un método hermenéutico y se estableció como fenómeno de análisis la violencia de pareja, y como unidad de trabajo una serie de libros y artículos. Resultados. Se realizó la búsqueda en bases de datos (Ebscohost y Google Scholar), se seleccionaron y analizaron 43 documentos, de los cuales predominó el idioma español, los artículos de investigación, en igual número de perspectiva sistémica y de género, entre las décadas de 2010 y 2020. Conclusión. La comprensión de la violencia desde el enfoque sistémico-comunicacional y de género, desde una aproximación hermenéutica más que causal, permite continuar analizando, interpretando y vislumbrando la complejidad de este fenómeno, así como los puntos de encuentro y divergencia entre los enfoques que alimentan la construcción teórica, y brinda directrices investigativas.

Se evidencia en los relatos de mujeres que sufren la violencia de pareja, la adquisición de habitus culturales que se reflejan en la necesidad de afecto y protección; además, las situaciones que experimentan estas mujeres conforman su subjetividad con relación a la percepción que tienen de la figura masculina, lo que les permite construir el imaginario de brindar apoyo y comprensión al género femenino.

Este artículo presenta el primer análisis empírico sobre la relación entre la violencia doméstica y los ingresos laborales de las mujeres en México, país en el que este tema no ha recibido mucha atención dentro de la literatura económica a pesar de las crecientes tasas de violencia de género. Los resultados muestran una asociación negativa y significativa entre la violencia doméstica y los ingresos laborales de las mujeres en México para todos los tipos de abuso y con independencia de la medición de violencia de pareja que se utilice.

Determinadas características pueden hacer que las mujeres sean más vulnerables frente a la violencia de género. Esto significa que pueden presentar un mayor riesgo de ser victimizadas, pero, también, que pueden tener más dificultades para salir de relaciones violentas, que la violencia que sufren puede tener consecuencias más graves o que pueden existir circunstancias que impidan que denuncien episodios de violencia. Es por esto por lo que este trabajo pretende describir las vulnerabilidades presentes en una muestra de mujeres víctimas de feminicidio en España. En este estudio se han analizado 171 víctimas de feminicidio en España, cuyos casos tuvieron lugar entre los años 2006 y 2016, en las demarcaciones de Guardia Civil, Policía Nacional, Mossos d’Esquadra y Ertzaintza. Los análisis han mostrado que son comunes en las víctimas características como el tener a menores o familiares a su cargo, ser extranjera o depender económicamente del agresor, siendo poco común la presencia de enfermedad grave, discapacidad o el embarazo. Por su parte, situaciones de riesgo como el deseo de querer acabar con la relación o la existencia de violencia recíproca también han sido comunes entre los casos analizados, mientras que pocas víctimas pensaban que corrían riesgo mortal en su relación.

La interposición de una denuncia o la ruptura de la relación son situaciones que van a influir en la dinámica relacional de una pareja, pudiendo hacer que aparezcan conductas violentas, incrementando dichas conductas, en caso de que ya existieran, o incluso dando lugar a violencia mortal. En este trabajo se analizan las distancias temporales entre (1) la primera denuncia, (2) la última denuncia, (3) la denuncia más reciente y (4) la ruptura de la relación con el feminicidio. Se emplearon dos submuestras, una formada por 40 feminicidios con denuncia previa; y otra con 76 feminicidios con ruptura. Los análisis mostraron que el tiempo entre denuncias y feminicidio es muy grande, aunque el nivel de riesgo de las víctimas, así como las conductas de control y violentas influyen en que pase más o menos tiempo. En el caso de la ruptura, parece existir una conexión más clara entre esta y el feminicidio, ya que en más de la mitad de los casos pasan menos de tres meses hasta que se acaba con la vida de la víctima, influyendo, también, la existencia de conductas de control y violentas.

Child abuse is not only a serious violation of children's rights and well-being, but also the worst example of how to relate and bond with others. Violence against an intimate partner during adulthood may have as background the emotional experiences and early learning associated with parents as the most significant developmental figures. The study of men who have been convicted of crimes of domestic violence against women may shed light on how childhood experiences impact aggressive adult behavior. Accordingly, this research explores the relationships between attachment style, childhood parental abuse experiences and aggression in adult life in a sample of men convicted of intimate partner violence (N=265). This was carried out using the Spanish version of the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the Melero and Cantero Adult Attachment Questionnaire. After the cleaning and analysis of the data by means of k-means cluster analysis, ANOVA and multiple hierarchical linear regression, it becomes clear that the fact of having been a victim of childhood abuse among this type of men, although it constitutes a risk factor for violent behavior in adult life, does not determine it. Something similar could be said about the different attachment styles, with secure types functioning as a protective factor and insecure types being associated to a greater extent and with different forms of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate the Woman Abuse Screening Tool in Peruvian university students. METHODOLOGY: Instrumental study developed in 417 female university students selected by non-probabilistic sampling. The adapted and validated instrument was the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST). Descriptive analyses were performed, as well as content validity through Aiken's V, construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability through Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega coefficient. The R study statistical program was used for these analyses. RESULTS: Adequate values were found in the content validity by V Aiken (V= 0.89 - 1.00); likewise, in terms of factor analysis (CFA) the single factor model showed better values in the fit indices such as X2=48.037; GFI=0.997; CFI=0.994; TLI=0.992; SRMR=0.049; RMSEA=0.058 and as for reliability it reported an α=0.86 and ω=0.90 those values show that the instrument is reliable. CONCLUSIONS: The Woman Abuse Screening Tool Peruvian Spanish version demonstrated adequate psychometric values of validity and reliability in university women, so its use in the screening of intimate partner violence is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify sociodemographic aspects and the time of Internet use that are associated with intimate partner digital violence, as well as the differences between the types of digital violence and the social networks where it occurs. Through an observational study, 340 cases were selected from the database from the document Primera Evaluación de la Violencia Digital en Yucatán (First Evaluation of Digital Violence in Yucatan) and items that measured the variables of interest were taken. It was found that some variables associated with intimate partner digital violence were surveillance (a: <0.001; OR: 10.607), use of email (a: 0.033; OR: 2.787) and use of the Internet 1 or 2 days a week (a: 0.02; OR: 10.5217), while flaming (a: 0.013; OR: 0.405) and teasing and harassment (a: 0.001; OR: 0.371) were associated with other types of digital violence. It was also observed that the LGBTQ community, women and those who spend less time on the internet were more likely to experience digital intimate partner violence than their counterparts. It is concluded that digital violence presents particular elements and differences according to the type of violence experienced. The high prevalence of both forms of digital violence suggests patterns of violent interaction in this population, highlighting the need for interventions that address this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Científica de Enfermería (2071-5080) is the property of Colegio de Enfermeros del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)