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In the present article is explored the theological meaning of the seventh beatitude of the Sermon on the mount: Blessed are the peacemakers (Mt 5,9). On the basis of the chosen patristic commentaries an effort is made to found in them a main spiritual thread which could shed light on the actual challenge of war. The theological analysis parts from several contemporary works of famous theologians. Among them there are members of both Catholic and Orthodox Churches. The results of the research are resumed in the final synthesis made on the basis of an ascetical-spiritual work of the elder (in Russian, starez) Nicon Vorobjov whose thoughts on the Principles of life resound in the present context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution intends to present the biblical concept of “peace” (OT and NT), with particular attention to the practice and teaching of Jesus. The main passages of the Gospels are taken into consideration in which the theme of peace is presented (as opposed to violence and to war), including some texts that could be misunderstood. Ample space is given to the commentary on the beatitudes of peace and meekness, and above all on the practice of Jesus during his passion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article originates from the introduction to the Licentiate course in Theology of Evangelization, «Themes of Moral Theology and Evangelization: models of the relationship between religion and morality», held at the Theological Faculty of Emilia-Romagna in March 2023. This article analyses two recent documents of the International Theological Commission, God the Trinity and the unity of humanity. Christian monotheism and its opposition to violence (2014) and Religious freedom for the good of all (2019), bringing out some important matters about the relationship between religion and morality. Three themes are identified in the conclusions: the role of the community, the heritage of meaning transmitted by religious traditions, and the control over violence. These are presented as key points necessary for reasoning on the relationship between religion and morality from a perspective of evangelization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Italian Journal of Nursing (IJN) / Giornale Italiano di Infermieristica is the property of Collegio IPASVI MI-LO-MB - Ordine Professioni Infermieristiche MI-LO-MB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gender violence is a phenomenon that involves at least 35% of women worldwide, and it is a public health problem due to its short and long-term bio-psycho-social consequences. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the most difficult and insidious form because it happens inside houses, places in which one feels protected, accepted, and safe. The traumatic extent can't be limited to an episode of casual victimization, but rather to the repeat and become chronic deliberate violence, in a safe context. If on the one hand some aspects, studied for a long time, are clear, on the other hand, it is not clear what happens to the brain of the victims after violence. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA method to provide clarification in this regard. The 13 included studies' results will be discussed in the present article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The article aims to place the complex phenomenon of gender-based violence and its consequences on women's health within a multidisciplinary framework, including psychology of trauma, molecular biology, and epigenetics. The discussion is divided into two sections; in the first, after a brief framing of the clinical definition of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder, the most up-to-date literature on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and sexual violence and its consequences for women's mental and physical health is screened for framing the phenomenon from an epidemiological and clinical perspective. Given the finding of an increased occurrence of chronic and multifactorial diseases in women who have experienced violence, the discussion continues with a careful exposition of epigenetic mechanisms whose study could contribute to a better framing of the health effects of violence trauma. In the second part of the article, we aim to present theoretical premises and results of the epigenetic analysis project "EpiWE" (Epigenetics for WomEn), conducted in 2020 in partnership with ISS, aimed at an evaluation of epigenetic modifications induced by violence stress in the development of PTSD-related pathologies (Piccinini et al., 2023). Method: The first part of the exposition is based on a search of the most recent scientific literature (as of 2018) conducted on PubMed with the keywords "Intimate partner violence" OR "Domestic Violence" AND "Trauma" AND "Health Outcomes" resulting in 265 publications. The same search was repeated with keyword "Sexual violence" OR "Sexual assault" AND "Health outcomes", with 478 publications dating back the last five years. In addition to the results provided by the search engine, epidemiological data and reports provided by the World Health Organization were also considered, as well as the scientific bibliography known to the authors on the topics of trauma and gender-based violence. The second part of the article, on the other hand, presents the report of the pilot study "Epigenetic analysis in whole blood samples from trauma patients as a screening tool for identifying causative factors of PTSD: prospective study (EpiWE)." Results For several years, the scientific literature has reported evidence of adverse health outcomes, including long-term health outcomes, in women victims of sexual violence and/or domestic abuse. Studying the interplay between genome and environmental factors could make it possible to trace the "molecular scars" associated with sexual violence and IPV, leading to a better understanding of the genetic causes underlying the higher incidence of chronic diseases and cancers in this population. This research hypothesis is confirmed by the first results of the EpiWE pilot project, which involved 62 women exposed to violence and 50 controls with the aim of evaluating possible changes in the epigenetic profile in adult female patients in relation to the violence they experienced. DNA extracted from the blood samples taken was processed for analysis of 10 genes correlated with PTSD. Of these 10 genes, 3 were found to be hyper-methylated in the case sample. The three hyper- methylated genes, functionally involved in learning and memory processes, could represent the response to trauma and thus the initiation of the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Conclusions. Considering the social, cultural, health, and economic relevance of the phenomenon of gender-based violence and the established and even long-term consequences on women's health, as well as the encouraging results provided by the EpiWe study, the epigenetics of violence against women seems to represent an innovative and promising direction for research and intervention. Identifying epigenetic markers could enable precision medicine actions, engaging women in targeted prevention pathways and ultimately reducing the long-term effects of this health scourge. In addition, from a forward-looking perspective, the epigenetics of violence could enable better assessment of global health harms in medico-legal settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accepting the coexistence of good and evil within each of us is the turning point for starting a fight against evil, which gives rise to the sense of having to bind oneself cognitively to a state in which good produces nothing but good. Here is the profound message that comes from Etty Hillesum's experience of pain and hope. Aware that war produces nothing but chaos, especially inner chaos, it is the awareness of the difficulty of making a concrete consolidation of peace possible. Generally, after the war, two currents cross the world: a current of humanism and another of hatred. Taking a stand against hatred is the only possible way not to personally become perpetrators. For everything to take place concretely, a "political act" must be carried out, a practical action that starts from the person, from pain and from care so that the value of peace is realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dopo avere indicato alcune caratteristiche psicologiche della violenza, l’articolo si rivolge in particolare ai fenomeni della violenza sociale, istituzionale e politica, notando come dopo gli scritti di Freud sulla guerra e sulla psicologia delle masse questo argomento sia stato piuttosto trascurato dalla ricerca psicoanalitica. Viene poi osservato come in questi ultimi anni, dopo l’11 settembre, sul tema si sia destato un grande interesse da parte degli psicoanalisti e dei gruppoanalisti. Quindi vengono esplorate le radici socio-culturali della violenza e il ruolo esercitato congiuntamente dalle norme e dalle pressioni dei gruppi e delle culture istituzionali e dalle tendenze passivo-dipendenti e conformistiche degli individui. L’articolo si occupa poi specificamente della violenza nei contesti sanitari, esplorando quella agita contro i curanti, in particolare dopo la pandemia da COVID, sia da parte degli utenti sia da parte dei media e della pubblica opinione, sul piano fisico, verbale e psicologico, così come la violenza istituzionale – che alimenta conflitti tra i vari attori del sistema sanitario - e quella intrinseca ai processi di cura, i quali spesso richiedono al paziente di sottoporsi a misure e condizioni oggettivamente penose o costrittive. Nella parte conclusiva vengono indicati alcuni approcci e metodi che si sono rivelati utili per prevenire queste forme di violenza.

Using statutory law, criminal records, cartelli, and chronicles that address both dueling and vendetta, this paper posits that the increase in dueling and state attempts to regulate peace were interconnected. Specifically, it addresses dueling as part of the peace process, thereby arguing for a reframing of the duel's place in dispute resolution and a reexamination of the type of violence it represents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centring on non-nobles in the Duchies of Styria, Carniola and Carinthia, this paper addresses dispute settlement in Inner Austria, following the Imperial prohibition of feud in 1495 and the Habsburgs' local consolidation of power earlier in the century. These developments are said to have brought about an end to feuding in the duchies in the 1500s, but by focusing on the concept of enmity, which articulated the same state of social relations, this article presents ample evidence that among all social classes dispute settlement retained much of the traditional practices well into the 1700s. Their survival was instrumentally underpinned by various courts of law and local authorities, regarding them as an indispensable element of keeping social cohesion and peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After indicating some psychological characteristics of violence, the article focuses in particular on the phenomena of social, institutional, and political violence, and points out that after Freud's writings on war and the psychology of the masses, this topic has been somewhat neglected by psychoanalytic research. It then points out that in recent years, after 9/11, great interest has been aroused on the topic by psychoanalysts and group analysts. The socio-cultural roots of violence are explored, and the role exerted jointly by the norms and pressures of groups and institutional cultures as well as the passive-dependent and conformist tendencies of individuals. The article then deals specifically with violence in healthcare contexts, exploring violence targeted against caregivers, particularly after the COVID pandemic, both by users and by the media and public opinion, on a physical, verbal, and psychological level, as well as institutional violence - which fuels conflicts between the various actors in the health care system - and violence intrinsic to the processes of care, which often require the patient to undergo objectively distressing or coercive measures and conditions. In the concluding section, some approaches and methods that have proved useful in preventing these forms of violence are indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Autumn of 1681, towards the close of the worst plague epidemic to hit early modern Lower Styria, a dispute between the Žalec market-town councillor Johann Christoph Pilpach and Ferdinand Baron Miglio from the nearby Plumberk manor erupted into violence. With the help of soldiers whom Pilpach acquired from the Counts of Strassoldo from Krško in Carniola, he raided Miglio's manor during his absence, threatening to serve him lead 'cherries' (bullets), for which the nobleman avenged himself by ransacking the market-burgher's house in Žalec. This paper analyses the rather unusual, active enmity between two socially unequal adversaries through traditional practices of conducting and settling disputes, which also enables a look at other social relations among this conflict's main actors. Due to very fragmentary sources, it is unknown what set it off, although Pilpach's ransacking of the manor suggests that it might have been due to Miglio's debts to the affluent market-burgher. Perhaps their dispute was connected to the one between the baron and the Fraziolis, the former administrators of his manor, or to a dispute the Fraziolis or Pilpachs might have had with the Žalec market-burgher family Galič (Galitsch), the new administrators of Plumberk. The ensuing violence is better documented. Pilpach's raid on Plumberk manor was co-organised by his son-in-law, Gregor Rozman, who sought help from the Strassoldos. While the exact nature of their relationship with the counts is obscure, it had to be close for an important noble family to lend its soldiers to two market-burghers. Maybe the Strassoldos' help was also related to disputes they themselves might have had with Miglio. Pilpach's social capital was quite possibly further predicated on the marriage of a lesser line of the Valvasor noble family to the Pilpachs from Žalec in early 1680. These connections most likely levelled the field once the market-burgher's dispute with the baron broke out into violence. Miglio's response in September 1681 essentially mirrored Pilpach's actions: ransacking his home under arms, threats with violence and death, stealing his horses, killing his poultry, etc. Maybe the equal response was completely by chance, but, conceivably, the expected reciprocity of violence in enmities also played a role. In the end, Miglio had to justify his actions in court as a measured response to an affront. The violence was exacerbated when Pilpach opted for a recourse to law, after failing to obtain satisfaction (restitution of honour and damages) from Miglio for the attack. Pilpach's attempt to serve a writ to the baron ended with Miglio almost cudgelling the messenger to death, rejecting the attempt as insolence. Despite going to court, the settlement of their dispute or at least the violence seems to have been extra-curial, as was common in enmities among the elite. Likewise, the only intervention by princely authorities seems to have been a demand that Miglio accept the writ, even though violent enmities or feuds broke the provincial (and Imperial) peace and, which was even more critical, attacks on the socially superior upset the social order. There were certainly no grave consequences for Pilpach, who is attested as the Žalec market-town judge in 1684. All of this suggests that the social differences between him and Miglio were formal rather than factual, underpinned by Pilpach's close connections to influential noble families and, probably, also by the fact that the Miglios' rise to nobility was rather recent. His 'equality' with the baron in their enmity probably also helped Pilpach to improve his social standing. Although it is unknown when exactly peace between the baron and Pilpach was made, the plague that decimated Žalec in 1683 seems as a plausible mitigating factor. In any case, in early 1684, Pilpach's wife Ursula Elisabeth and his former enemy Jakob Galič, Miglio's administrator of Plumberk, became godparents to a child of one of their market-town neighbours. This indicates that their enmity was over, most likely following or as part of the peace made between Pilpach and Miglio, since settlement generally included 'all the people' of the conflicting parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Il maltrattamento della persona anziana è un fenomeno sottostimato, rappresenta una violazione dei diritti umani e un grave problema di salute globale che espone le vittime a pesanti conseguenze per la salute. Si stima che nei prossimi decenni le violenze sugli anziani siano destinate a crescere. OBIETTIVO: Indagare l’esperienza degli Infermieri del Pronto Soccorso di due contesti ospedalieri riguardo alla violenza contro gli anziani. METODI: È stata condotta un’indagine somministrando un questionario costruito partendo da un precedente studio realizzato dall’Università degli studi di Urbino. È stato selezionato un campione di convenienza sul gruppo di Infermieri afferenti alle due strutture regionali di Pronto Soccorso. RISULTATI: Sono stati reclutati 117 Infermieri, 41 (35%) hanno risposto al questionario. La forma di violenza maggiormente riscontrata è la negligenza, seguita da violenza psicologica, fisica, economica e sessuale. Età avanzata e non autosufficienza sono stati riconosciuti come fattori di rischio predisponenti alla violenza; mentre sembra che appartenere al genere femminile non predisponga ad agiti annoverabili come violenza. Tra gli autori del maltrattamento la vicinanza abitativa o affettiva sono elementi da considerare predisponenti; i familiari intimi o i caregiver sono spesso autori del reato. Appare significativa la percentuale degli operatori socio- sanitari (4%). CONCLUSIONI: La violenza e il maltrattamento contro la persona anziana sono argomenti poco esplorati, talvolta considerati una problematica assistenziale piuttosto che una riflessione della Comunità Scientifica Infermieristica. Risulta indispensabile adeguare i programmi formativi ai vari livelli in quest’ambito e sviluppare un modello di presa in carico condiviso basato sulla valutazione oggettiva del rischio

L’articolo analizza la rilevanza che riveste la proliferazione incontrollata di armi di provenienza legale e illegale nell’attuale scenario messicano di crisi umanitaria, con particolare riferimento al ruolo che giocano gli Stati Uniti, l’Italia e in generale gli interessi collegati alla produzione e al commercio di armi. Si prendono, inoltre, in considerazione le azioni più recenti del governo federale messicano nell'ambito di una strategia giuridica volta a contrastare il traffico di armi e la violenza armata nel Paese e a promuovere la tutela dei diritti umani.

A partire da una critica del concetto di violenza di genere come lente privilegiata per la comprensione della violenza nei rapporti, e con l’obiettivo di aprire interrogativi utili all’intervento clinico, viene proposta l’ipotesi di un legame intimo tra la vita e la violenza, che diviene condizione psicopatologica quando si attesta come modalità rigida ed esclusiva di sopravvivenza della propria struttura identitaria. Nella nostra società, la negazione della differenza, della femminilità, dell’heteros, prodotta da una cultura di stampo patriarcale e gli sforzi reattivi per farvi fronte, come l’intervento del politicamente corretto, ne sono un esempio. In tal senso, obiettivo dell’intervento psicoanalitico che si confronta con “il violento” dovrebbe essere quello di favorire il processo di complessificazione della soggettività – sia essa del paziente o della nostra cultura. Come analisti abbiamo allora il compito di lavorare psichicamente – dentro di noi e nella relazione con l’altro – per mantenere la violenza in tensione dialettica con il suo opposto: la tenerezza. Far sì che la tenerezza accada implica investire, con amore e dedizione, i momenti di sosta – uno spazio potenziale tra la tensione a complessificarsi e quella a mantenere la propria identità. Significa, in altri termini, assumere i vissuti che la violenza evoca come termini del dialogo continuo con sé e l’altro, mantenendo vivo un pensare simbolico che possa accompagnarci nell’accoglierla e trasformarla.

Il paradigma della complessità, grazie alla sua capacità di ampliare gli spazi esplorativi, fa da cornice a una lettura del fenomeno della violenza nelle relazioni intime che, andando oltre i contenuti, ne ricerca le origini nelle difficoltà dei partner di accedere alla dimensione intersoggettiva dell’esperienza amorosa. Al centro della riflessione vi è il soggetto, inteso come referente unitario e organizzatore implicito dell’esperienza, il quale, in virtù della qualità specie-specifica della coscienza, è in grado di porsi in dialogo riflessivo con sé stesso e con l’altro, in direzione di uno sguardo qualitativamente sempre più comprensivo circa la propria esperienza. Vengono inoltre prese in esame le radici culturali della violenza nelle relazioni intime, evidenziate nell’approccio di genere, mettendo in luce alcune delle criticità legate alle prassi operative attuate nei centri antiviolenza. La qualità dell’intervento viene posta in relazione allo spessore teorico riservato al soggetto, in assenza del quale a mancare è la promozione di uno sguardo riflessivo sulla complessità della propria esperienza.

Il lavoro intende presentare alcuni elementi teorici e metodologici relativi all’intervento psicologico rivolto agli autori di violenza, frutto di una esperienza decennale in questo specifico ambito. Con questo articolo si propone di valorizzare la domanda d’intervento dell’autore di violenza e si offre un approfondimento teorico sui concetti di ‘desiderio mimetico’ e ‘desiderio dell’identità’.

L’autore, partendo dalle ricerche di ordine psicologico, neuroscientifico e sociologico a proposito degli effetti della violenza in televisione, propone una disamina delle ricerche sugli effetti dei comportamenti esibizionistici in Internet soprattutto degli adolescenti. Tali atteggiamenti, spesso collegabili a una tipica sessualità indecisa adolescenziale e a un bisogno di rassicurazione identitaria, a loro volta, facilitano la pedopornografia, che può sfociare in concreti comportamenti pedofili abusanti. L’articolo ribadisce la gratuità del desiderio infantile, il suo significato ludico che non possono essere cortocircuitati in una relazione sessuale con l’adulto.

This contribution presents a systematic and diachronic study of possible acts of cannibalism and interpersonal violence spanning from the Lower Palaeolithic to the Mesolithic period, analysing edited archaeological and anthropological data and rock art contexts. The primary objective of this critical review is to assess the existence of violence and analyse its patterns and explore its variability from the earliest forms of the genus Homo to the most recent Mesolithic hunter-gatherer groups. This study attempts a historic-religious analysis of cannibalism to evaluate the potential occurrences of ritual forms. Furthermore, the results reveal the presence of interpersonal violence, albeit with notable variations in intensity and methodology. Overall, this research equips us with valuable insights for a more profound comprehension of aggression within hunter-gatherer societies and its evolution during the Middle Pleistocene-Early Holocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Rivista Italiana di Educazione Familiare is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Le responsabilità delle élite tardo-medievali nel fomentare conflitti ed i seguenti scoppi di violenza sono da tempo dibattute. I documenti provenienti dalla città di Pinerolo confermano la diffusione dei comportamenti aggressivi tra la parte benestante della popolazione, ma danno uno spaccato anche dei rischi connessi con tali condotte. In generale, il pragmatismo diffuso sia tra gli aggressori, sia tra le vittime, assieme alla crescente azione dell’autorità pubblica, impedivano a litigi ed aggressioni di distruggere la coesione sociale.

This paper deals with the topics of violence and enmity both in terms of their traditional and cultural characteristics, as well as in light of the transformations undergone between the 16th and 17th centuries following the measures implemented in various European environments to target above all the alarming phenomenon of banditry, and adopted in consideration of the new-found need for safety and tranquillity. Enmity is typical of all human groups everywhere and at any point in time. And since for long it was often closely related to a distinct dimension of violence, its characteristics and changes reveal the symbolic meanings and values that each society ascribes to conflicts and to the methods of their resolution. In fact, the concept of enmity, deeply intertwined with that of revenge, played an essential role within a society in which a peace-centred order was not only pre-eminent but also constituted as the safeguarding of social hierarchies focused on status, kinship, and honour. In the second half of the 16th century, in the wake of widespread social insecurity and the crisis of political polycentrism that had characterised the mediaeval state, the cultural system of enmity lost its traditional stamp and became, often unawares, a means of extreme violence. This passage is clearly noticeable in the ruthless challenge that the central powers mounted against banditry, enacting a legislation that led to a veritable state of emergency, which among other things entailed an explicit mandate for the use of private violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses enmities between burghers and other inhabitants of early modern Ljubljana, documented in town council records from 1521 to 1671. In traditional dispute settlement, the concept of enmity was closely related to violent retribution, which was antithetical to the ideals of urban communities, which since the Middle Ages had been established upon the renunciation of the right to feud. Focused on the conception of enmity in the Carniolan capital following the general prohibition of feuding in 1495, the paper analyses the role, language and emotional dimension of traditional practices of dispute settlement, their intertwinement with court proceedings and coexistence with criminal law. While town council records cannot provide a complete picture of the attitude towards enmity or feud in early modern Ljubljana, as no criminal court records survive, they are an important source for understanding social relations more broadly and, in particular, the manner in which everyday enmities that undermined ideals of neighbourliness were mediated by the secular authorities. The analysis shows that in Ljubljana the traditional conception of enmity as a public expression of hostility and discord - the opposite of the urban values of peace, concord and good neighbourliness - remained in use well into the seventeenth century, despite its normative prohibition, as did the traditional terms and emotions expressing this relationship, especially 'resentment', 'bitterness' and (just) 'anger', while 'rage' seems to have still been used very rarely to justify transgressions of social norms. Although physical violence did not always erupt in the investigated cases, and remained limited when it did, it was a viable threat in enmities, even when they were largely carried out before the town council or court. These were the central fora for both conducting and settling enmities among burghers, as well as other lay non-noble inhabitants of early modern Ljubljana. Underpinned by community mediation in disputes, the burgomaster, town judge and councillors principally acted as mediators and arbiters, attempting to lead conflicting parties to settlement before enmity was exacerbated into violence - in particularly bitter cases by forcing them to settle ex officio under threat of sanctions (heavy fines, prison sentences) or even 'harsher', i.e. corporal punishment. The council and court also retained traditional expressions of renewed friendship and neighbourliness, (mutual) public apologies and handshakes to demonstrate reconciliation between the parties. Consequently, the autonomous town authorities were instrumental for the long perseverance of traditional practices of dispute settlement in Ljubljana, which is comparable to findings elsewhere in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fascist violence, particularly with regards to Italy and the rise of the movement, has generally been played down by historians. Moreover, when it has been discussed, the focus has been on the perpetrators rather than the victims. This article looks to recentre the experiences of the victims of fascist violence through the use of methodologies drawn from everyday life approaches and micro-history. Using one case of 'ordinary' fascist violence in Italy in 1922, the article examines the outcomes and effects of this violence on the victims, the role of the emotions before, during and after violent events – fear, panic, revenge – and the understanding of this violence in the aftermath of the actual violence. Conclusions are drawn with regard to the role of violence and its historical framing in Italy in the 1920s and 1930s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this article is the gender-based violence compared to how it is realized, represented and experienced by the new generations from adolescence. At the beginning of the article, to confirm the urgency of the topic, will be indicated data that starting from a European framework specify how more and more young women are subjected to violence, which in many cases is attributable to the online dimension. After that, will be indicated the most interesting reflections emerged in this regard and that propose the urgency of new reading keys to read and to understand how the violence is practice among the young people, strengthening a dimension of conflict and opposition that inexorably invades the relational and emotional-affective sphere. This more descriptive part will also be supported by the presentation of national and local data, using the Regional Observatory and the statistics of Anti Violence Center operating in the territories. Specific measures should be reinforced in order to intercept requests for help and information from young people. In this sense, an example, is an action-research project entitled “Genere-azione: Ciack si gira contro la violenza. Dal dialogo a fare prevenzione”, which has produced, among other actions, an awareness-raising campaign designed by young people for young people. Violence should no longer be regarded as a natural way of expressing one’s feelings. Among the means of combating violence against women, one of the most effective of these is the education one, and it is no coincidence that in the Istanbul Convention, prevention is the first measure to be taken to promote change in behaviour leading to violence against women.

L’autoritarismo di Stato appare profondamente radicato nella società brasiliana ed è parte di uno scenario paradossale in cui all’espansione dei diritti politici si accompagna una sostanziale delegittimazione dei diritti civili. Questa eredità autoritaria ripudia il subalterno e ne perpetua l’umiliazione, prendendo di mira le fasce più povere della popolazione, che subiscono incessantemente varie forme di violenza da parte della polizia e, in generale, da parte del sistema giudiziario. La letteratura brasiliana, o almeno parte di essa, può essere, però, considerata un grande archivio di contronarrazioni non egemoniche, che si pongono come coscienza critica di una modernizzazione iniqua e della violenza dei processi di dominazione che la caratterizzano. In questa prospettiva, l’articolo analizza alcuni racconti presenti nella raccolta O sol na cabeça (2018) di Geovani Martins, scrittore emergente che traccia nell’opera un ritratto meticoloso della vita dei morros, raccontando la tirannia del crimine organizzato, ma soprattutto la violenza poliziesca, in una prospettiva che evidenzia, nella tutela dell’ordine da parte dello Stato brasiliano, un “eccesso di negatività” (Han) fondato su una logica del “supplizio” (Foucault).

Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper focuses on the philosophy of war and, particularly, on Ortega y Gasset's review of Scheler's work, The Genius of War (1915). The scope of this paper is to show that Ortega y Gasset's analysis of Scheler's view on war stems from his initial interest on topics that he will further develop in more mature works, though his review will result in a radical criticism on Scheler. The paper analyses Scheler's view on war and Ortega y Gasset's position in three points: phenomenology of war - where Ortega y Gasset generally agrees with Scheler's meaning of war; ethics of war - where Ortega y Gasset criticizes Scheler because he considered violence as not an essential element of war; metaphysics of war, where Ortega y Gasset makes his criticism even stronger, since Scheler hypostatizes the State and its own rights: this reduces war to the reversal of the power of rights into the rights of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questo contributo mira ad analizzare, attraverso una prospettiva storico-sociale, la traiettoria, i momenti salienti e l’impatto della mobilitazione dei familiari delle vittime di sparizioni forzate in due contesti sociopolitici diversi ma caratterizzati dall’utilizzo sistematico della violenza: la dittatura militare in Argentina (1976-1983), con un focus anche sul periodo democratico successivo, e la “Guerra al narcotraffico” in Messico (2006-2018).

This article aims to reflect on the unconscious dynamics that sustain the shocking increase in feminicide in the world. It is observed that psychological and physical violence by the intimate partner has numerous facets, especially when the woman gains more or has more professional success than her partner. This violence can take a subtle form as rejection and betrayal in order to hurt the woman and destroy her self-esteem and success. Based on numerous studies and bibliography it is demonstrated that the main cause of violence by the intimate partner is the fear of the power of the feminine that has been present throughout history. Despite the evolution of women, historical violence reverberates in the 21st century as an intergenerational trauma causing great suffering in families and disturbances in interpersonal relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In uno scenario sempre più connotato dall’impatto delle tecnologie su nozioni e processi giuridici, lo spazio virtuale non rappresenta una garanzia per la promozione dell’eguaglianza tra i generi. A questo proposito, il contributo si sofferma sulle nuove forme e articolazioni che la violenza contro le donne assume sul web, per giungere a delineare possibili strategie di contrasto nel solco della normativa vigente.

La violenza nelle coppie di adolescenti è un fenomeno frequente. Dati di ricerca raccolti prima della pandemia da Covid-19 evidenziano come in almeno una coppia di giovani su dieci le ragazze subiscano forme di violenza psicologica, fisica e sessuale, con esiti importanti sulla loro salute. Tali violenze possono essere esercitate di persona o tramite modalità online; nei periodi di confinamento legati all’emergenza sanitaria questa seconda tipologia di violenza sembra aver visto maggiore diffusione. Raramente ragazze/i vittime di violenza chiedono aiuto per la violenza che subiscono. Durante la pandemia formulare questa richiesta potrebbe essere risultato ancora più complesso a causa della chiusura di scuole e servizi. Tuttavia, quando un adolescente sceglie di raccontare la propria storia, è particolarmente importante che si senta creduta/o, rispettata/o e sostenuta/o, per rendere il momento della condivisione una reale opportunità di crescita personale e di possibile uscita dalla violenza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes Michael Kimball novel Big Ray and the vicissitudes of his protagonist, struggling with a difficult grieving process; specifically, the paper focuses on the potential of the group towards grieving process taking inspiration from the total absence of groupal images in the text, that characterizes the mourning experience of the protagonist [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aforismos is the property of Dykinson SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper examines the practices of dissent and the modalities of protecting order, with the aim of tracing a history of the first decade of United Italy through the prism of urban riots and the consequent response of Liberal governments. The study will focus on the operational effectiveness of the forces of law and order in a phase in which the establishment of the new police system was confronted with the cases of participation and elements of conflict that emerged with Unification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to problematize a socially abused term – homophobia – by explaining the plural forms of discrimination that make it up: heterosexism, gayphobia, lesbophobia, biphobia and genderism. To achieve this objective, the scientific literature on the subject is analyzed in order to obtain a sort of minimum lexicon that can guide those who have to design educational interventions to combat homophobia. Thus, it emerges the existence of a complex homophobic device that produces cultural imperialism and violence (symbolic, institutional, verbal, physical, etc.) and which outlines, at the same time, the educational needs of LGBT+ students. The Italian pedagogy has begun to take charge of these needs, in a school that is struggling to fulfill its mission of democratic inclusion.

Introduzione: L’aggressività e la violenza nei luoghi di lavoro rappresentano un fenomeno psicosociale in continuo aumento e questo può causare possibili importanti ripercussioni all’intero processo di cura. Obiettivo: Valutare l’efficacia delle tecniche di de-escalation nella gestione degli agiti aggressivi del paziente psichiatrico. Metodi: Per condurre la seguente revisione è stato delineato un quesito di ricerca utilizzando la metodologia PIO. Successivamente, è stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura, attraverso l’utilizzo delle banche dati banche dati PubMed ed EMBASE. Risultati: Dalla revisione della letteratura internazionale, solamente tre studi soddisfacevano i nostri criteri di inclusione. Dagli studi selezionati emerge che gli operatori della salute mentale reagiscono in modo diverso alla violenza. Alcuni si relazionano con i pazienti generando soluzioni positive, mentre altri gestiscono i pazienti con misure coercitive. Si evince l’efficacia dell’utilizzo delle tecniche di de-escalation nella gestione degli agiti aggressivi e che sia il personale che i pazienti aspirano a raggiungere relazioni non conflittuali e sociali mentre interagiscono in situazioni violente e minacciose. Conclusioni: La de-escalation risulta essere la tecnica più efficace solo previa conoscenza accurata del paziente, delle sue patologie e degli eventuali segni e sintomi prodromici che possono indicare l’insorgenza di un comportamento aggressivo. Inoltre, risulta più complicata con i soggetti aventi una storia pregressa di aggressività. Tuttavia emerge l’assenza di un’adeguata formazione del personale, che possa garantire la corretta messa in pratica dell’intervento e che possa rendere più sicuri gli infermieri nella gestione dell’agito aggressivo e del paziente violento.

This article investigates the 1550s culture of honour that focused primarily on the expressiveness of the (male) individual, rather than on content, which means that the code of honour was not a system of strictly defined normative rules; on the contrary, rules were formed based on the model of behaviour of a certain group. The purpose was thus to describe and popularise the pattern of honourable conduct through literary culture or published texts. The treatises on duelling served not only as manuals on how to approach or, better, how to avoid physical combat without losing honour, but also as reading for the courtiers to draw on when arguing, discussing, and citing (printed) opinions on duelling judgments and cases. The discourse and representation of duelling were forms of spectacle intended for life at court, and understood within that same context. Not surprisingly, the most eminent authors on duelling were courtiers. The study focuses on two examples of treatise: the “practical,” penned by the Bologna fencing master Achille Marozzo, and the “theoretical,” authored by the Koper man of letters Girolamo Muzio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the spring of 1583, Nicolò Cassich was killed in the field church in Murvica located in the vicinity of the town of Pag. Cassich had been banished in 1579 on the charge of having posted a libello famoso (defamatory leaflet) against a representative of Venice to the island. The investigation launched by the local authorities promptly revealed that the killing had been carried out by Zuanne Pastorcich, himself a bandit, who intended to avail himself of the benefits provided by law and request his release from the banishment penalty. To that end, Pastorcich presented the head of the bandit on the pietra del bando in the town square, so that it could be identified by some witnesses, who readily made themselves available. But as the authorities proceeded with such identification, a woman stepped out from the crowd that had flooded the square. She removed Cassich’s head from the stone and took it to the main church in town. The authorities’ efforts to recover it were futile, and the incident evinced that the killing of Nicolò Cassich in that small church had created a deep rift within the community. And although Pastorcich eventually obtained the bounty he had claimed, the killing was deemed a genuine desecration, and that sacred place was interdicted from divine worship for several years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Italian Journal of Nursing (IJN) / Giornale Italiano di Infermieristica is the property of Collegio IPASVI MI-LO-MB - Ordine Professioni Infermieristiche MI-LO-MB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper criticizes certain representations of drug trafficking and organized crime in Latin America, which discuss organized crime groups as natural State competitors and as sources of instability. These representations serve to justify campaigns of political and military warfare, so called “Drug Wars”, which are deployed with the support of the United States. The article will review the existing literature on this subject, and particularly the voices that are most critical toward the official representations of “drug related violence”. By building on the existing literature I will argue that the current conflict in Colombia and Mexico should be primarily related to the neoliberalization of the countries’ economy, and not the trafficking of drugs.

L’articolo tratta il fenomeno della migrazione dal punto di vista psicoanalitico insieme alle tematiche dell’interculturalità e della genitorialità. Tale lavoro vuol fare emergere la condizione di particolare vulnerabilità che caratterizza i soggetti migranti, nel loro confrontarsi con il complesso passaggio alla genitorialità. Le autrici intendono presentare le potenziali difficoltà connesse ai processi migratori, in particolare per quanto riguarda la sofferenza che molte donne vivono lasciando il loro paese d’origine e le violenze fisiche e psicologiche che spesso sono costrette a subire. Il complesso tema della migrazione viene affrontato con riguardo agli aspetti dell’integrazione e alle relative dinamiche che la caratterizzano, all’interno di una visione epistemica dell’essere umano, in cui ciascun soggetto mette a disposizione le proprie fragilità, risorse e competenze in un’ottica di crescita umana. Attraverso il viaggio terapeutico, il viaggio migratorio assume dignità e consistenza permettendo così ad entrambi di esistere.

Cercando inconsapevolmente di difenderci da violenza e paura, spesso ricorriamo a spiegazioni semplicistiche e poco fondate il cui unico obbiettivo è quello di rendere situazioni complesse più facilmente affrontabili. È questo il caso del victim blaming. Per difendere quella che secondo Lerner è la nostra concezione del mondo giusto, infatti, tendiamo a colpevolizzare chi ha subito violenze o disgrazie così da ovviare la possibilità di esserne oggetto. Se le situazioni negative dipendono direttamente da chi le ha subite, allora per chi è esterno diventa facile evitarle. È la comodità della spiegazione semplicistica, il suo essere rassicurante e avvolgente che ci porta spesso a ricorrervi. Ma questo tipo di atteggiamento che conseguenze si porta dietro? L’obbiettivo di questo contributo vuole essere quello di mostrare queste conseguenze, svelando la correlazione tra victim blaming e violenza. Per farlo, in particolare, si andrà ad analizzare il victim blaming sottolineandone l’infondatezza a partire da alcuni casi di stupro.