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Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains common among infants with hypothermia-treated hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Little is known about long-term kidney outcomes following hypothermia treatment. We recently reported that 21% of survivors of hypothermia-treated HIE had decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on plasma creatinine in early adolescence. Here, we assessed kidney functions more comprehensively in our population-based cohort of children born in Stockholm 2007-2009 with a history of hypothermia-treated HIE. Methods At 10-12 years of age, we measured cystatin C (cyst C) to estimate GFR. Children with decreased cyst C eGFR also underwent iohexol clearance examination. We measured urine-albumin/creatinine ratio, blood pressure (BP) and kidney volume on magnetic resonance imaging. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF 23) levels in plasma were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Outcomes were compared between children with and without a history of neonatal AKI. Results Forty-seven children participated in the assessment. Two children (2/42) had decreased cyst C eGFR, for one of whom iohexol clearance confirmed mildly decreased GFR. One child (1/43) had Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) category A2 albuminuria, and three (3/45) had elevated office BP. Subsequent ambulatory 24-h BP measurement confirmed high normal BP in one case only. No child had hypertension. Kidney volume and FGF 23 levels were normal in all children. There was no difference in any of the parameters between children with and without a history of neonatal AKI. Conclusion Renal sequelae were rare in early adolescence following hypothermia-treated HIE regardless of presence or absence of neonatal AKI. Graphical abstract, Author(s): Katarina Robertsson Grossmann [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Liya Vishnevskaya [sup.4] , Sandra Diaz Ruiz [sup.5] [sup.6] [sup.7] , Karolina Kublickiene [sup.8] , Peter Bárány [sup.2] [sup.8] , Mats Blennow [...]

Summary: Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) of myocarditis may include early gadolinium enhancement (EGE) and global relative enhancement (GRE) by T1‐weighted images acquired before and early after contrast administration. However, the importance of timing for post‐contrast imaging has not been evaluated using T1 mapping. We aimed to improve the understanding of the contrast mechanisms by evaluating whether early or late post‐contrast T1 mapping was better at detecting myocarditis. Methods: Controls and patients referred to evaluate myocarditis underwent 1·5T CMR. T1 mapping was performed before, and 3 min (early) and 21 min (late) after intravenous contrast (0·2 mmol kg−1). Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and the GRE and EGE equivalents by T1 mapping were calculated. Focally affected myocardium in myocarditis was defined as increased native T1 compared to remote myocardium. Results: The GRE equivalent by T1 mapping was higher in myocarditis (n = 19) compared to controls (n = 19) both early (P<0·001) and late (P<0·001). While remote myocardium in myocarditis had higher enhancement relative to skeletal muscle compared to controls early (P = 0·002) and late (P<0·001), ECV of skeletal muscle was lower compared to controls both early (P = 0·03) and late (P = 0·004), and remote myocardial ECV did not differ from controls early (P = 0·37) or late (P = 0·52). The difference in ECV between affected and remote myocardium was higher late compared to early by 5·3 ± 0·7 versus 4·0 ± 0·6%‐points (P = 0·002). Conclusion: Quantitative evaluation by T1 mapping shows that early post‐contrast imaging does not improve the detection of myocarditis compared to late post‐contrast imaging. Focal myocardial abnormalities were more conspicuous late post‐contrast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]