Search

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential for the body to function and for life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. The ubiquitous and vital nature of the functions performed by these vitamins explains the wide variety of clinical manifestations and their potential seriousness, particularly in cases of deficiency, but also in cases of excess or hypervitaminosis. We present here the main symptoms of hypervitaminosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential for the body to function and for life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. As a result, deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins are rarer in industrialised countries than in countries with limited resources. However, even in the latter, certain groups of individuals are affected, such as newborns or growing children, pregnant or breast-feeding women and elderly or isolated subjects. Vitamin A, D, E and K deficiencies are also relatively common in people with digestive tract disorders, in patients suffering from chronic pathologies or in intensive care patients. Deficiencies or excesses of fat-soluble vitamins are responsible for a variety of more or less specific clinical symptoms. Treatment of deficiencies requires vitamin supplementation, a well-balanced diet and treatment of the cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential to the body's functioning and to life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. Deficiency or excess of fat-soluble vitamins is responsible for a variety of more or less specific clinical symptoms. The fact that the functions performed by these vitamins are both ubiquitous and vital explains the wide variety of clinical manifestations and their potential seriousness. Some syndromes are typical of a deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins, such as: the combination of ophthalmological and immunity impairment in the case of vitamin A; a haemorrhagic syndrome and osteopenia in the case of vitamin E; and osteomalacia, muscular weakness, even falls, and rickets in the case of vitamin D. Diagnosis of a deficiency in one of the fat-soluble vitamins is based on blood tests, which are not always essential for routine use. In this case, a therapeutic test may be suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seeds of Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as black cumin seeds and Habat Al-barkah in Saudi Arabia, are used extensively for flavouring and medicinal purposes. This work reported the study of physiochemical properBCSO of Saudi black cumin seed oil (BCSO). The results of hexane extraction showed that black cumin seeds are richunsaponification All the oil samples show high saponification values and low unsaponification values. High iodine valuC18(122.7 mg/100 g) showed high degree of unsaturBCSOn (86%) for Saudi BCSO with about 60% of dominant linoleic acid (C18:2). The volatile compounds presence in Saudi BCSO were extractedBCSOng steam distillation method5-dimethylzed using gas chromatography mass spepaeonoler (GC/MS). The results showed that the volatile compounds such as p-cymene (31.50 ± 0.51%) and thymoquinone (25.35 ± 0.37%) were dominantly high in Saudi BCSO. Other compoun5-dimethyl 3,5-dimethyl cyclohexanol, a-thTAGsepaeonolcroBCSOspan clasoleoyl-2Unddilinoleoylglyceroll and longifolene were trilinoleylglycerolin E was analyzed using High performance liquiTAGsromatography (1-palmitoyl-2cendilinoleylglycerolal concentrations of vitamitrioleylglycerol. OOO Saudi TAGsn="">TAGsn="">TAGs"="oleoyl-2leydilinoleoylglyceroleoOLLlyceroleoOLLlycerolt OLLltrilinoleylglycerolleylglycerolleylglyceroled that major triacylgTAGsrols (TATAGsof1-palmitoyl-2-padilinoleylglycerolleylglycerolleylglycerol7.7trioleylglycerolleOOOlycerolleOOOlycerolLLOdioleyl± 0linoleylglycerolleOOLlycerolleOOLlycerolenOOLere 1-palmitoyl-2,3-dilinoleylglycerol (PLL; 6.7 ± 0.9%), 1,2,3- trioleylglycerol (OOO; 6.4 ± 0.5%) and 1,2-dioleyl-3-linoleylglycerol (OOL; 5.7 ± 1.1%). The Saudi BCSO exhibited specific physicochemical properties and might be used for medicinal applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effects of vitamin E and vitamin E‐selenium combination on seminal plasma arginase activity and nitric oxide level and some spermatological properties in rams were investigated in this study. For control group, animals were injected intramuscularly with physiological saline. For vitamin E group, rams were injected intramuscularly with 300 mg/ram vitamin E. For vitamin E + selenium group, animals were injected intramuscularly with 5 ml/ram vitamin E + selenium. The semen was collected by artificial vagina at 1st, 4th, 24th, 48th and 72nd hr after administration in each group. Significant decreases in seminal plasma arginase activity (at 1st, 24th and 48th hr), nitric oxide level (at 72nd hr) and abnormal sperm rate (at 1st, 24th and 72nd hr), and significant increases in semen volume (at 24th hr), semen mass activity (at 24th and 48th hr), sperm motility (at 24th, 48th and 72nd hr) and concentration (at 1st hr) were observed in vitamin E group compared with control group. Similarly, significant increase in semen volume (at 1st, 24th and 48th hr), mass activity, (at 48th hr), motility (at 48th and 72nd hr) and concentration (at 4th, 24th and 48th hr), and significant decrements in abnormal sperm rate (at 1st, 24th, 48th and 72nd hr), seminal plasma nitric oxide level (at 1st, 4th, 24th and 48th hr) and semen pH (at 24th and 48th hr) were detected in vitamin E + selenium group in comparison to the control group. As a result, it is suggested that vitamin E and/or vitamin E + selenium applications may improve reproductive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection following burn injury is critical, especially for patients with large total body surface area burns and in skin graft donor sites. Although various aspects of a-tocopherol acetate (a-TA) beneficial effects on wound healing have been validated, it appears that no study has specifically addressed its antimicrobial potential. The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic efficacy of topical application of a-TA in terms of bacterial load reduction. Between January 2018 and June 2018, 20 patients with mid-deep and deep burn wounds were included in the present study (average TBSA approximately 42%, range 25-67%). Patient average age was 47.75 years (range 25-72 years), 8 were male. In each patient two clinically similar areas were identified and treated every 24 hours with topical application of α-TA in the form of Filme Olio® (Group 1) and conventional medication (Group 2). All the patients had positive results for bacterial cultures before treatment. Despite the presence of initial bacterial infection, a quicker reduction of exudates and pain and a progressive and faster bacterial load reduction was observed in Group 1. Negative cultures were obtained after 3 days on average in Group 1 (range 1-6 days) and 8 days in Group 2 (range 5-9 days). This study clearly shows the importance of the therapeutic targeting of infection in the treatment of burns. α-TA may represent a safe, simple and inexpensive method for improving the healing of difficult wounds with local infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) in green tea extract has activity as an anti-inflammatory agent. On the other hand the stability of EGCG is poor because of the oxidation. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of Vitamine C and Vitamine E in formulation of green tea extract cream to the stabiliy of EGCG. The green tea extract was obtained from the extraction process by infundation followed by fractination with ethyl acetate as the solvent. The three formulas were compiled in similar composition with the concentration of vitamine C 1% (FI), Vitamine E 1% (FII) and there was no Vitamine C and Vitamine E (FIII) as a control. The EGCG level was determinated by TLC-densitometry methode. The stability parameter was determinated by calculated of the Q10 of each formula. The result of this study showed that the parameter of t90 of EGCG with Vitamine C 1%, Vitamine E 1% and control addition were 0.0108 hours, 0.0087 hours, 0.0084 hours, respectively. Stability of EGCG in green tea leaf extract cream with addition of the vitamin C 1% was higher than it stability with the addition of vitamin E 1%. The concentration of Vitamin C 1% was the optimum concentration as antioxidant in formulation of green tea extract cream.

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the optimum condition of mango seed kernel oil (MSKO) extraction with n-hexane. In the present paper, for the first time, we provide an optimal condition of MSKO extraction to obtain the maximum of yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and vitamin E. The experiment was conducted using central composite design (CCD) consisted of twenty experimental points including six replicates of center points to study the effect of three independent variables: temperature, time and amount of n-hexane on dependent variables. Data were analyzed using Design-Expert 10 software. The result showed that the optimum condition of MSKO extraction were 54.19 °C, 5.24 h and 224.23mL of n-hexane. In this condition MSKO have yield of 7.03%, TPC of 67.77 mg GAE/g oil and vitamin E of 141.22 mg/L. These results suggest that MSKO has potential as raw materials of food products oil-based and as a natural antioxidant of functional food and for use in food processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is one of the most common hepatic diseases in children. We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial on children with biopsy-proven NASH based on a combinatorial nutritional approach compared with placebo. Participants were assigned to lifestyle modification plus placebo or lifestyle modification plus a mix containing docosahexaenoic acid, choline, and vitamin E (DHA-CHO-VE). Forty children and adolescents participated in the entire trial. The primary outcome was the improvement of liver hyperechogenicity. Secondary outcomes included alterations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and other metabolic parameters. Furthermore, changes of serum bile acids (BA) and plasma fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) levels were evaluated as inverse biomarkers of disease severity. At the end of the study, we observed a significant decrease in severe steatosis in the treatment group (50% to 5%, p = 0.001). Furthermore, although the anthropometric and biochemical measurements in the placebo and DHA-CHO-VE groups were comparable at baseline, at the end of the study ALT and fasting glucose levels improved only in the treatment group. Finally, we found that BA levels were not influenced whereas FGF19 levels were significantly increased by DHA-CHO-VE. The results suggest that a combination of DHA, VE, and CHO could improve steatosis and reduce ALT and glucose levels in children with NASH. However, further studies are needed to assess the impact of a DHA and VE combination on repair of liver damage in paediatric NASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that ultimately occurs as a complication of acute or chronic liver failure; accompanied by hyperammonemia. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of biopropolis as a hepato- and neuro-protective agent using thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute HE in rats as a model. Sixty Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: Group 1 (normal control) received only saline and paraffin oil. Group 2 (hepatotoxic control) received TAA (300 mg/kg, once). Groups 3, 4, and 5 received TAA followed by vitamin E (100 mg/kg) and biopropolis (100 and 200 mg/kg), respectively, daily for 30 days. Evidences of HE were clearly detected in TAA-hepatotoxic group including significant elevation in the serum level of ammonia, liver functions, increased oxidative stress in liver and brain, apoptotic DNA fragmentation and overexpression of iNOS gene in brain tissue. The findings for groups administered biopropolis, highlighted its efficacy as a hepato- and neuro-protectant through improving the liver functions, oxidative status and DNA fragmentation as well as suppressing the brain expression of iNOS gene. In conclusion, biopropolis, at a dose of 200 mg/kg per day protected against TAA-induced HE through its antioxidant and antiapoptotic influence; therefore, it can be used as a protective natural product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objective: Reduction in cerebral blood flow following cereblal ischemia cause the production of oxygen free radicals and finally leads to brain tissue destruction. Pyramidal cells of the CA1 region of hippocampus are highly sensitive to hypoxic condition. This study was done to determine the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and vitamine E on cellular density of CA1 hippocampal area, learning ability and memory, following ischemia - reperfusion injury in mice. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was done on 40 male mice in 5 groups as follow: sham control, ischemia, hCG treated, vitamine E treated and hCG + vitamine E treated groups. Single dose of vitamin E was injected intraperitonaly during the establishment of reperfusion and hCG was injected from 48h after ischemia for 5 days. Folowing the treatment period, mice brains were fixated by transcardial perfusion and stained by nissle method. The shuttle box was used to evaluate the learning memory. Results: Co-administartion of vitamine E and hCG, significantly increased the cell numbers in hippocampus compared to the ischemic group (P

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire is the property of Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The steadily improved care of health leads to an increased interest in healthy nourishment. Apart from other angles, the nutriments and their raw materials are evaluated in compliance with the content of nutritively valuable substances. Barley, malt, malt extract and beer are sources of a number of chemical compounds that without any doubt have positive action on human organism - mainly the substances with antioxidant effect and some forms of dietetic fibres. In its department, the Malting Institute in Brno, the VUPS Ltd. engages in determination of content of tocols and b-glucans in individual grains of barley in dependence on the variety and genetic characters of the materials.The steadily improved care of health leads to an increased interest in healthy nourishment. Apart from other angles, the nutriments and their raw materials are evaluated in compliance with the content of nutritively valuable substances. Barley, malt, malt extract and beer are sources of a number of chemical compounds that without any doubt have positive action on human organism - mainly the substances with antioxidant effect and some forms of dietetic fibres. In its department, the Malting Institute in Brno, the VUPS Ltd. engages in determination of content of tocols and b-glucans in individual grains of barley in dependence on the variety and genetic characters of the materials.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The Cerrado is the largest biome in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil; it presents an enormous biodiversity represented by fruit species, highlighting murici (Byrsonima verbascifolia). The objective of our study was to investigate the physical and physicochemical characteristics, occurrence and concentration of carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E and folates in murici fruits from the Cerrado of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Materials and methods. Titratable acidity was determined by volumetric neutralization, pH by potentiometry, soluble solids by refractometry, moisture using an oven, ash using a muffle furnace, protein by the micro-Kjeldahl method, total dietary fiber by the non-enzymatic gravimetric method and lipids by Soxhlet extraction; carotenoids and vitamin C were analyzed by HPLC-DAD, and vitamin E and folates by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Results and discussion. The murici pulp contained 7.47 g·100 g–1 carbohydrates, 5.13 g·100 g–1 lipids, 13.58 g·100 g–1 fibers and 71.58 g·100 g–1 moisture. The pH, titratable acidity and soluble solids were 3.93, 0.77 g citric acid·100 g–1 and 10.73 °Brix, respectively. The results indicated that the fruit is an excellent source of fiber and vitamin C (27.24 mg·100 g–1), a good source of vitamin E (1819.72 μg·100 g–1) for children and a source for adults and pregnant women. Folates were not found in murici. Conclusion. Murici stands out with regard to its nutritional value and can contribute significantly to the supply of nutrients, especially fiber and vitamin C. Thus, consumption of these fruits should be encouraged among families residing in the Cerrado and in other regions of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction. Different cultivars of lychee are produced all around the world and to date no information has been published on the nutritional value of cv. Tailandes, which is a new lychee cultivar introduced into Brazil and other tropical countries. Our study performed a pioneering evaluation of the physical and chemical characteristics, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals in pulp of fruit of this cultivar. Materials and methods. Titratable acidity was determined by volumetric neutralization, pH by potentiometry, soluble solids by refractometry, moisture by gravimetry after oven drying, ash by calcination in a muffle furnace, proteins by the micro-Kjeldahl method, dietary fibers by the gravimetric non-enzymatic method and lipids by gravimetry after extraction in ethyl ether. Vitamin C (ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids) and carotenoids (a-carotene, b-carotene, b-cryptoxanthin and lycopene) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection, vitamin E (a-, b-, g- and d-tocopherols and tocotrienols) was analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection, and fourteen minerals were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry in inductively coupled plasma. Results and discussion. The lychee cv. Tailandes showed high pulp yield (59.0%), moisture (80.7 mg×100 g–1) and dietary fiber (2.2 g×100 g–1), and a low total energy value (70.2 kcal×100 g–1). It presented no carotenoids, but was an excellent source of vitamin C (34.7 mg×100 g–1). The total vitamin E content was 117.0 g×100 g–1. Pulp of lychee cv. Tailandes was shown to be a source of iron (0.86 mg×100 g–1) and magnesium (12.90 mg×100 g–1), a good source of copper (0.12 mg×100 g–1) and an excellent source of potassium (1067.33 mg×100 g–1). Conclusion. The lychee cv. Tailandes showed high pulp yield and low total energy. The pulp is a source of dietary fiber, vitamin C, iron, magnesium, copper and potassium. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction. The mangaba is an exotic fruit from the Brazilian Cerrado that presents high antioxidant activity and may benefit human health. Its antioxidant activity may be associated with the presence of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins. The physical and chemical characteristics, nutritional value, carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins were evaluated in mangaba from the Cerrado of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Materials and methods. Titratable acidity was determined by volumetric neutralization, pH by potentiometry, soluble solids by refractometry, moisture by gravimetry after oven drying, ash by calcination in a muffle furnace, proteins by the micro-Kjeldhal method, dietary fibers by the gravimetric non-enzymatic method and lipids by gravimetry after extraction in ethyl ether. Vitamin C (ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids) and carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene) were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. Vitamin E (α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols and tocotrienols) and folates (tetrahydrofolate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate) were analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Results and discussion. Mangaba showed a high pulp yield (80.08%), moisture (83.0 mg×100 g–1) and dietary fiber content (2.3 g×100 g–1). Mangaba presented β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol; α-, β- and γ-tocotrienols; tetrahydrofolate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, and it can be considered an excellent source of vitamin C (165.8 mg×100 g–1) and folates (98.3 μg×100 g–1). Carotenoid and vitamin E contents were 0.12 mg×100 g–1 and 2,732.5 μg×100 g–1, respectively. Conclusion. Mangaba presented a high pulp yield, and several carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins, and can be considered an excellent source of vitamin C and folates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between individual fitness and antioxidants and oxidative stress has come under increasing scrutiny of late. In particular, associations between oxidative balance indicators and reproductive success in the wild have been inconsistent in the limited prior work on this topic. Studies spanning multiple seasons and antioxidant types are particularly lacking. Here, we examined associations between reproductive success over two breeding seasons and several metrics of circulating antioxidants (antioxidant capacity, uric acid, carotenoids, and vitamin E, measured in the intervening nonbreeding season) in Florida Scrub-Jays ( Aphelocoma coerulescens (Bosc, 1795)). We found that carotenoid levels in the nonbreeding season were negatively associated with reproductive success in the preceding breeding season but unassociated with that in the subsequent breeding season. This correlation may be driven by the cost of reproduction (i.e., carotenoid depletion while breeding) or some other unmeasured and intercorrelated variable such as diet. Antioxidant capacity, uric acid, and vitamin E were not associated with reproductive success. These data are consistent with an emerging theme in physiological ecology: that antioxidants and oxidative stress are but one part of a suite of integrative physiological systems that interact and trade-off in complex ways, making full understanding of their ecological roles challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the present work is the simplification of sample treatment for vitamin E measurements in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), then the evaluation of the effect of cadmium treatment on the vitamin E level. Methods: A HPLC method to determine vitamin E was developed with direct extraction with n-hexane-dichloromethane. The dry residue was redissolved in methanol. The method employs a Supelco Discoveryr® C18 column and methanol/water (95:5, v/v) as the mobile phase. After being developed, the method was validated with a fluorescence detector. To examine the effects of exogenous cadmium on the plasma vitamin E concentrations, male Wistar rats (weighing 150 ± 20 g) were exposed for 48 h and 10 days to oral intake of 15 and 30 mg/L cadmium (as CdCl2) and vitamin E (10 mg/Kg of diet) simultaneously. Results: This method makes sample treatment easier, especially when working with a large number of samples. It has proved to be selective, linear, accurate and precise. Intoxication with cadmium was followed by a significant decrease in plasma vitamin E concentrations. The lowest level was obtained in the 30 mg/L dosing group after 10 days of cadmium administration. Conclusion: We describe a rapid reversed-phase (RP) HPLC procedure for the determination of vitamin E in plasma. This method might be useful in routine assessment because it saves on solvents and chromatographic time. Interestingly, a-tocopherol may play an important role in preventing oxidative stress induced by cadmium exposure by scavenging free radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which analyzed the oxidant and antioxidant parameters in bone tissue of offspring from pregnant rats, pregnant rats and not pregnant female rats exposed to Aroclor 1254 alone or associated with vitamin E. A total of 30 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and 30 adult rats were divided into three equal groups according to the treatments instituted during the 20-day pregnancy period with subcutaneous daily infections of Aroclor 1254 alone or associated with vitamin E or normal saline in controls. The study found no variations in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents.

The article discusses a study on oxidative stability in pork grinds from omega-3 enhanced swine meat. It mentions an analysis on the effect of fatty acid levels in carcasses on the sensory and retail attributes of the grinds as well as the ability to increase vitamin E dietary levels towards stabilization of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels from flaxseed supplementation. It also notes the negative effect of the said oilseed on all sensory properties of cooked and reheated pork products.

The prevalence of insulin resistance syndrome increases during menopause with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and impairment of the free radical scavenger function. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and vitamin E, as an antioxidant, on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in the brain cortex and liver of ovariectomized rats as well as on insulin resistance in those rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months of age and weighing 231.5 ± 9.4 g, were divided into 4 groups: sham, ovariectomized (OVX), OVX treated with E2 (40 µg/kg subcutaneously), and OVX treated with E2 and vitamin E (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally). The 4 groups received the appropriate treatment every day for 8 weeks. Levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase , catalase, and malondialdehyde in the brain cortex and liver of ovariectomized rats were measured. Also, fasting plasma insulin, glucose, and homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. Malondialdehyde increased and antioxidants (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase) decreased in the brain cortex and liver of OVX rats. Also, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR increased in OVX rats. E2 and E2 plus vitamin E decreased malondialdehyde and increased antioxidants in the brain cortex and liver of OVX rats. Moreover, they decreased fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR in ovariectomized rats. This study demonstrates that E2 and E2 plus vitamin E supplementation to OVX rats may improve insulin resistance, strengthen the antioxidant system, and reduce lipid peroxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study on the oxidant and antioxidant parameters in the liver, brain, kidney and heart tissues of offsprings of pregnant rats that have been exposed to Aroclor 1254 or in combination with vitamin E. The study involves 15 female Sprague-Dawley rats which have been divided into three groups including the control group, Aroclor 1254 only treatment group and Aroclor 1254 and vitamin E treatment group. Biochemical and statistical analyses have been carried out. Findings indicate that the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the liver, brain, kidney and heart tissues of offsprings gets disturbed when pregnant female rats are treated with Aroclor 1254 while concomitant vitamin E treatment has lead to a partial restoration of the anti-oxidant enzymatic systems.

The article presents a study on the effects of a dietary supplementation of Cadmium (Cd) on antioxidant defense systems, haematological parameters and lipid peroxidation. The researchers observed 48 one day old broiler chicks, each of which was weighed and allotted randomly into four equal experimental groups. The researchers also collected blood samples into heparinised sterile test tubes at the end of the 42-day long experimental period, after which they measured the packed cell volume (PCV) and erythrocyte count values using standard haematological techniques. They found that the Cd exposition was able to induce oxidative stress in broilers.

The article looks at a study about the effects of oxidant and antioxidant balance between cows with acute puerperal metritis and healthy controls. The researchers evaluated malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, antioxidant glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities and concentrations of chain breaking antioxidant vitamins in plasma identified through spectrophotometry methods. After the experiment, it was found that there was higher mean MDA concentration in the diseased group than in controls whereas the mean enzyme activities and mean β-carotene and vitamin concentrations were depressed. Conclusion revealed the occurrence of an oxidative stress in cows with acite puerperal metritis.

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is known that increased generation of oxidants and (or) reduced endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms are associated with the etiology of diabetic vascular complications. Although a close correlation exists between increased oxidative stress and the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), little is known about the effect of hyperglycemia on the regulation and contribution of MMPs in the vascular system. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether omega-3E (50 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks), a long-chain (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched with vitamin E, has a beneficial effect on vascular dysfunction via affecting MMPs in streptozotocin-diabetic rat aorta. Omega-3E treatment improved the diabetes-induced impairment of phenylephrine-induced contraction and isoproterenol-induced relaxation responses of aorta. It also exhibited marked protection against diabetes-induced degenerative changes in smooth muscle cell morphology. Biochemical data showed that this treatment significantly prevented important changes, such as inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, loss of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP-4) protein, increase in tissue levels of thiol oxidation, endothelin-1, protein kinase C (PKC), and cAMP production, and decrease in tissue level of nitrite. These results indicated that omega-3E significantly improved impaired vascular responses and regulated the activity of MMPs via preventing oxidative injury. Overall, the data suggest that omega-3E ameliorates or prevents vascular reactivity alterations in diabetes. Such an observation provides preliminary evidence for omega-3E’s potential as a therapeutic agent for the prevention of vascular disorders in diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the manifestation of cervical hyper-extension in a lamb with nutritional myo-degenerescence secondary to vitamin E deficiency. For the study, researchers examined a female 25-day old lamb which originated from a dairy sheep flock of 200 Lacaune sheep. Key findings were compatible with white muscle disease (WMD), with exception to cervical hyper-extension that could be diagnosed with opistotonus caused by central nervous system (CNS) disease or intoxication. They also found that cervical hyper-extension can be considered a clinical symptom of the WMD in lambs.

The objective of this study was to analyze the oxidative stress of skeletal muscle of sedentary rats at the morphological and biochemical level, due to acute physical effort performed at different intensities and during different periods of time. Forty-two male sedentary Wistar rats were divided into two groups, group A (swimming for 50 min) and group B (swimming for 100 min), which were further subdivided into 3 different exercise intensities, non-weight bearing (subgroup I), 3% weight load (subgroup II), and 5% weighted load (subgroup III), as well as a control-rested group (C). The animals were killed by ether inhalation and fragments of the gastrocnemius muscle were removed for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and vitamin E concentrations. When all groups were compared with the control-rested group (C), gastrocnemius MDA levels at 50 and 100 min were higher at all swimming intensities. GSH consumption was greater at all intensities in group A, and only at 100 min in group BI; vitamin E consumption was significantly higher only in groups BII and BIII. When groups were compared by intensity at each swimming time there were no differences between I, II, and III at 50 min for any of the substances analyzed (MDA, GSH, and vitamin E), but at 100 min opposite effects were observed for GSH and vitamin E, with vitamin E consumption and GSH recovery occurring with increasing weight load. Higher concentrations of skeletal muscle MDA could indicate elevated lipid peroxidation at each time and exercise intensity, with highest MDA levels observed after the longest exercise duration and at the highest intensity. The layer-line mode of utilization of body antioxidants could explain the concentrations of GSH and vitamin E: first the use of GSH, even with minor oxidative stress, and then vitamin E consumption only in the presence of greater and more prolonged oxidative stress, indicating the necessity of adequate body levels of both antioxidants for proper utilization by the body antioxidant defense system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Transitional metals, as vanadium, are known to exert noxious effects by generating oxidative stress. Addition of antioxidants in the diet could decrease the cytotoxic effect related to the oxidative stress. The present study, carried out in Wistar rats, is a contribution to the evaluation of protective effects of green tea Camellia sinensis, which is known to be rich in antioxidant compounds (polyphenols...). Rats were divided into four groups: (C) was control, (V) was given ammonium metavanadate (AMV), (TH) was given herbal tea as drink (66 g/l) and TH + V was given tea and metavanadate. Group (TH) was given herbal tea one month before vanadium treatment. Metavanadate was daily i.p. injected (5 mg NH4VO3/kg body weight) for 10 days. (C) and (TH) groups received i.p. injections of 0.9% NaCl during the same period. Changes in lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS) in kidney, liver and testes, serum concentrations of vitamins E and A and superoxidismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in blood cells were determined. One month pre-treatment with green tea, followed by 10 days of treatment (TH) did not change TBARS in liver and testes as compared to controls, but induced a clear decrease of TBARS in kidneys. Intraperitoneal administration of AMV to rats (V) induced a time-dependant increase of TBARS in kidney, liver and testes that was lowered in rats (V + TH) drinking tea. Vitamin E concentrations were found to be drastically decreased from day 1 to 10 in rats (V). Vitamin A concentration was decreased at day 10 only. Drinking tea lowered AMV inhibitory effects in rats (V + TH), and conversely an increase of vitamins A and E concentrations were found at day 10. SOD and catalase activities were found increased in the blood cells from day 1 to day 5 and conversely decreased at day 10. In contrast, associated to green tea, AMV did not affect SOD and catalase activities compared to controls. To cite this article: A. Soussi et al., C. R. Biologies 329 (2006). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Vitamins are micronutrients not synthesised by the human body and should be provided by the nutrition. Liposoluble vitamins include vitamins A, E, D and K. Vitamins A and E are two potent antioxidant nutrients and play a significant role in immune function. Vitamin D plays a major role in intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Vitamin K intervenes in the synthesis of coagulation factors particularly in the prothrombin synthesis. Vitamin metabolism, placental transfer, vitamin status in newborns and infants are reported. Finally requirements of these vitamins are defined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Masson Editeur and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Forty-eight Wistar rats were treated for 3 weeks with water containing 0.7% ethylene-glycol and divided into four groups. The first group, used as control, has received sodium chloride at 1 ml/100 g BW daily. The second group was intraperitoneally injected with selenium at 10 μg/d per 100 g BW as NaSeO3 for 3 weeks. The third group was intraperitoneally administered with 15 mg Vit E/d per 100 g BW as alpha-tocopherol acetate for 3 weeks. The last group was simultaneously administered vitamin E and Se at the same doses and periods as the precedent groups. One day before the end of the treatment, each animal was placed in a metabolic cage for collection of 24 h urine samples and determination of urinary creatinin, urea, calcium, magnesium, phosphate and oxalate levels. Immediately thereafter, all the rats were anesthetized and aortic blood was collected to determine the same parameters as in urine. The kidneys were also removed to determine calcium oxalate deposits, dry weight and to conduct a histological examination. Our results showed decreased ionic product and increased magnesium fractional reabsorption in the group receiving only selenium and in the group receiving selenium in combination with vitamin E, in comparison with the control animals. In view of the knowledge concerning the same protective action of Vit E and selenium, regardless of tubular membrane alteration, the absence of any inhibitory effect of Vit E on calcium oxalate formation suggests that selenium, like other minerals, could be stuck onto the crystal surface and would inhibit induction of new crystals, growth and aggregation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]