1. Patent foramen ovale – pivotal role of transesophageal echocardiography in the indications for closure, assessment of varying anatomies and post-procedure follow-up
- Author
-
Vitarelli, Antonino, Facc, Md, Sapienza, University, and Rome, Italy
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Acoustics and Ultrasonics ,Post-Procedure ,patent foramen ovale ,Population ,Biophysics ,Foramen Ovale, Patent ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Diagnostic evaluation ,Decompression sickness ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Closure (psychology) ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,business.industry ,transesophageal echocardiography ,device closure ,medicine.disease ,Cryptogenic stroke ,Patent foramen ovale ,Radiology ,business ,human activities ,Echocardiography, Transesophageal ,Follow-Up Studies ,Foramen Ovale - Abstract
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in 15%-30% of the general population and has been associated with various pathologic states, including cryptogenic stroke, platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome, decompression sickness and migraine with auras. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has a major role in the diagnostic evaluation of PFO, as well as in the post-procedural assessment after transcatheter closure. The goals of this article were to synthesize the echocardiographic transesophageal techniques required for accurate PFO diagnosis and careful anatomic assessment of its anatomic variants, to focus TEE indications for device closure as complementary to clinical indications and to assess the role of TEE in the post-procedure follow-up.
- Published
- 2019