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Background: Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is characterized by elevated discomfort associated with persistent genital arousal in the absence of sexual desire. Aim: To perform a scoping review of the proposed treatments for PGAD and their efficacy. Methods: A scoping review was carried out (PRISMA-Scr) that included articles on PGAD as the main disorder, only in women, which explained, in detail, the treatment and its efficacy, was empirical, was written in English and Spanish. No prior filtering by years was performed. Outcomes: Three different effective treatments were found (Physical therapies, pharmacological therapies, and psychotherapeutics in combination with other therapies). Results: Thirty-eight articles were selected. From physical therapies, treatments using neuromodulation, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, Botox, surgery, electroconvulsive therapy, manual therapy, pelvic floor therapy, dietary changes, and transcranial magnetic stimulation showed effectiveness. Using the pharmacological approach, paroxetine, duloxetine, pramipexole, ropinirole, and clonazepam treatments were effective. Psychotherapy treatments showed effectiveness only in combination with other types of treatments, specifically a combination of cognitive-behavioral strategies with pharmacological treatment. Clinical implications: Pharmacological treatment, specifically SSRIs, have proven to be the therapy of choice for different subtypes of patients. Strengths and limitations: This study analyzed treatment effectiveness with different approaches and took into consideration those articles where psychotherapy was used as a combination treatment with pharmacological and physical therapy. The main limitation is that it was focused exclusively on women, and the results cannot be generalized to include men. Conclusions: To date, a combination of pharmacological interventions with physical therapy and, in some occasions, with psychological therapy is main strategy followed to accomplish effective treatment of PGAD. Copyright (C) 2022, International Society of Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

BACKGROUND: In immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IMIRD), there are differences between cis-men and cis-women in epidemiology, clinical feature, therapeutic approach, treatment response, and prognosis. In transgender individuals, information concerning IMIRD is not substantial. The assessment of information concerning rheumatic diseases in transgenders is crucial because transgenders may undergo treatments with potential impacts on IMIRD. We aim to collect and discuss current knowledge on IMIRD in transgender individuals, determine the coverage of the literature, identify the knowledge gaps, and highlight opportunities for future research. METHODS: We did a scoping review of publications collected through a systematic search of transgender patients with any IMIRD. Data sources were Medline, Embase, and Web of Knowledge. Synthesis of results and qualitative review of data information was collected in tables. A semi-quantification of the quality of the articles reporting clinical studies was performed. RESULTS: There were 11 transwoman, and 3 transmen cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (5 cases), skin lupus erythematosus (2), systemic sclerosis (4), anti-synthetase syndrome (1), rheumatoid arthritis (1) and ankylosing spondylitis (1). Eleven were de novo cases and three had prior history of IMIRD and developed a comorbidity after starting hormone replacement therapy. The clinical expression of the disease was variable. Two transwomen and one transman developed thrombotic events. The lupus skin lesions in one transman improved following testosterone treatment. No clinical studies were identified. Quality of publications was disparate. CONCLUSION: Although the number of cases is small, most cases of IMIRD occur in transwomen. The absence of solid data warrants caution in establishing recommendations regarding hormone replacement therapy in transgenders with IMIRD. There is an essential need for the consideration of cisgender and transgender particularities in future research on IMIRD.

RESUMEN Se presenta en esta secci��n una revisi��n de los art��culos cient��ficos de mayor impacto publicados entre junio de 2021 y agosto del 2021 en las revistas internacionales sobre Sexolog��a con mayor reconocimiento a nivel nacional e internacional (Journal of Sexual Medicine; International Journal of Sexual Health; Archives of Sexual Behavior; Sex roles; Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, Psychology and Sexuality; Culture, Health and Sexuality; DeSexolog��a, Psicolog��a de la orientaci��n sexual y la diversidad, American Journal of Sexual Education, Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy y Violence Against Woman)., Psicosom��tica y Psiquiatr��a, N��m. 19 (2021): octubre-noviembre-diciembre