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1. Development of $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo -containing scintillating bolometers for a high-sensitivity neutrinoless double-beta decay search

Author: C. Augier, T. Bergmann, V. Sanglard, S. Di Domizio, M. Vignati, B. Paul, L. Hehn, X. F. Navick, J. W. Beeman, A. Giuliani, E. Queguiner, J. Billard, Andreas Fleischmann, Matthias Laubenstein, H. le Sueur, L. Cardani, L. Dumoulin, L. Devoyon, L. Pattavina, J. Gascon, A. S. Zolotarova, Stefano Pirro, V. Kozlov, L. Gastaldo, A. Cazes, T. Redon, Francesca Bellini, E. Yakushev, G. Piperno, O. Strazzer, Y. Penichot, I.M. Ivanov, S. Scorza, P. Pari, L. Pagnanini, V. D. Grigorieva, Noël Coron, A. Juillard, Matias Velázquez, F. Koskas, Claire A. Marrache-Kikuchi, P. Camus, V.N. Shlegel, K. Eitel, M. de Combarieu, S. V. Rozov, V. V. Kobychev, L. Vagneron, L. Bergé, Vl.I. Tretyak, Matias Rodrigues, R. S. Boiko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, E. Armengaud, F. Ferroni, A. Broniatowski, M. Pavan, Yong Jin, A. S. Barabash, N. Foerster, D. Tcherniakhovski, Alain Benoit, O. Plantevin, N.V. Ivannikova, Martin Loidl, P. de Marcillac, K. Schäffner, Matthias Kleifges, S. Marnieros, P. Magnier, C. Rusconi, M. Gros, C. Nones, D.V. Poda, D. M. Chernyak, B. Siebenborn, M. O. Nikolaichuk, Claudia Tomei, F.A. Danevich, Ya.V. Vasiliev, M. Mancuso, V. I. Umatov, S.I. Konovalov, Christian Enss, E. Olivieri, V. Humbert, S. Hervé, Marc Weber, N. Casali, V.B. Brudanin, M. Chapellier, L. Gironi, I. Dafinei, H. Kraus, G. Pessina, T.B. Bekker, E. P. Makarov, S. Nagorny, M. De Jesus, Silvia Capelli, V. Novati, and F. Charlieux
Subjects: Physics, Lithium molybdate, Recrystallization (geology), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Bolometer, lcsh:Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Full width at half maximum, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Sensitivity (control systems), Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: This paper reports on the development of a technology involving $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo -enriched scintillating bolometers, compatible with the goals of CUPID, a proposed next-generation bolometric experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Large mass ( $$\sim 1~\hbox {kg}$$ ∼ 1 kg ), high optical quality, radiopure $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo -containing zinc and lithium molybdate crystals have been produced and used to develop high performance single detector modules based on 0.2–0.4 kg scintillating bolometers. In particular, the energy resolution of the lithium molybdate detectors near the Q-value of the double-beta transition of $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo (3034 keV) is 4–6 keV FWHM. The rejection of the $$\alpha $$ α -induced dominant background above 2.6 MeV is better than $$8\sigma $$ 8 σ . Less than $$10~\upmu \hbox {Bq/kg}$$ 10 μ Bq/kg activity of $$^{232}\hbox {Th}\, (^{228}\hbox {Th})$$ 232 Th ( 228 Th ) and $$^{226}\hbox {Ra}$$ 226 Ra in the crystals is ensured by boule recrystallization. The potential of $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo -enriched scintillating bolometers to perform high sensitivity double-beta decay searches has been demonstrated with only $$10~\hbox {kg}\times \hbox {d}$$ 10 kg × d exposure: the two neutrino double-beta decay half-life of $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo has been measured with the up-to-date highest accuracy as $$T_{1/2}$$ T 1 / 2 = [6.90 ± 0.15(stat.) ± 0.37(syst.)] $$\times ~10^{18}~\hbox {years}$$ × 10 18 years . Both crystallization and detector technologies favor lithium molybdate, which has been selected for the ongoing construction of the CUPID-0/Mo demonstrator, containing several kg of $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo .
Published: 2017
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2. First direct search for $2 \epsilon$ and $ \epsilon\beta^{+}$ decay of 144Sm and $2 \beta^{-}$ decay of 154Sm

Author: M. Laubenstein, P. Belli, R. Bernabei, R. Cerulli, A. Incicchitti, Stefano Nisi, V. Caracciolo, Vl.I. Tretyak, R. S. Boiko, B. N. Kropivyansky, F.A. Danevich, D.V. Poda, A. Di Marco, O. G. Polischuk, F. Cappella, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron capture, Hadron, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, Nuclear physics, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Direct search, Beta (velocity), Positron emission, 010306 general physics, National laboratory, Ground state, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The first direct search for the double electron capture ($2\epsilon$) and the electron capture with positron emission ($\epsilon\beta^+$) in $^{144}$Sm to the ground state and to the excited levels of $^{144}$Nd was realized by measuring - over 1899 h - a 342 g sample of highly purified samarium oxide (Sm$_2$O$_3$) with the ultra-low background HP-Ge $\gamma$ spectrometer GeCris (465 cm$^3$) at the STELLA facility of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS). No effect was observed and half-life limits were estimated at the level of $T_{1/2} \sim (0.1-1.3) \times 10^{20}$ yr (90% C.L.). Moreover, for the first time half-life limits of the double beta ($2\beta^-$) decay of $^{154}$Sm to several excited levels of $^{154}$Gd have been set; they are at the level of $T_{1/2} \sim (0.06-8) \times 10^{20}$ yr (90% C.L.)., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures and 4 tables
Published: 2019
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3. Search for rare processes with DAMA experimental set-ups

Author: A. d’Angelo, D.V. Kasperovych, S. I. Konovalov, H. H. Kuang, Xinhua Ma, V. Merlo, D. M. Chernyak, V. V. Kobychev, H. L. He, F.A. Danevich, O. G. Polischuk, R. Bernabei, A. Incicchitti, V.N. Shlegel, Rong Wang, A. Di Marco, V.B. Brudanin, D.V. Poda, Vl.I. Tretyak, R. S. Boiko, M. M. Zarytskyy, F. Cappella, Sheng Xiuli, V. Caracciolo, F. Montecchia, Z. P. Ye, V.I. Umatov, C. J. Dai, A. S. Barabash, R. Cerulli, P. Belli, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Particle physics, cadmium, QC1-999, Dark matter, zinc: tungsten, anisotropy, 01 natural sciences, dark matter, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Set (abstract data type), 0103 physical sciences, rare processes, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, low background techniques, nucleus: recoil, Physics, nucleus: semileptonic decay, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, DAMA, deep underground detector, Gran Sasso, lngs, cadmium: double-beta decay, Underground laboratory, scintillation counter: crystal, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], talk: Kolymbari 2017/08/17, experimental results
Abstract: Profiting of the favourable conditions offered by the Gran Sasso underground laboratory and of the several low-background DAMA set-ups, many and competitive results have been obtained for rare processes. Here the main results will be briefly resumed and some more details about the latest activities will be given. In particular, the searches on ββdecays of 106Cd and 116Cd and the perspectives of a complementary investigation on those Dark Matter (DM) candidates inducing just nuclear recoils, by exploiting the directionality approach with the anisotropic ZnWO4 scintillators, will be underlined.
Published: 2017
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4. Search for Neutrinoless Quadruple- β Decay of Nd150 with the NEMO-3 Detector

Author: A. Smetana, A. Žukauskas, V. G. Egorov, R. Saakyan, X. Sarazin, E. Rukhadze, R. Salazar, S. Calvez, Vit Vorobel, F. Nova, D. Waters, O.I. Kochetov, J. J. Evans, D. Lalanne, S. Blot, Vl.I. Tretyak, A.J. Caffrey, B. Morgan, S. Söldner-Rembold, A. Huber, B. Guillon, E. Chauveau, J. Busto, J. C. Thomas, L. Dawson, Masaharu Nomachi, C. L. Riddle, A. Remoto, P. Loaiza, V. I. Tretyak, V. V. Timkin, C. Cerna, C. Augier, R. Arnold, C. Vilela, R. Hodák, A. Basharina-Freshville, H. Ohsumi, C.S. Sutton, T. Le Noblet, Dominique Durand, X.R. Liu, Guillaume Lutter, D. Duchesneau, Hector Gomez, Fedor Šimkovic, Karol Lang, A. S. Barabash, Y. A. Ramachers, Igor Nemchenok, Michele Cascella, Jouni Suhonen, J. Mott, D.V. Filosofov, F. Xie, Karel Smolek, Frédéric Nowacki, Pavel P. Povinec, D. Štefánik, Ch. Marquet, P. Přidal, I. Stekl, X. Garrido, B. Soulé, F. Perrot, J.P. Cesar, A.A. Smolnikov, S. Torre, Yu. Shitov, V.I. Umatov, F. Mamedov, F. Piquemal, V.E. Kovalenko, F. Mauger, D. Boursette, G. Szklarz, G. Eurin, M. Macko, C. Macolino, C. Hugon, R. L. Flack, J. L. Reyss, R. B. Pahlka, S. Blondel, C. Patrick, A. A. Klimenko, M. Bongrand, V.B. Brudanin, I. Vanushin, L. Fajt, P. Guzowski, Y. Lemière, A. Chapon, L. Simard, A. Chopra, Z. J. Liptak, Ph. Hubert, S. Jullian, and S. I. Konovalov
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Electron energy spectrum, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Neodymium, Lepton number, Beta decay, Nuclear physics, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Underground laboratory, 010306 general physics
Abstract: We report the results of a first experimental search for lepton number violation by four units in the neutrinoless quadruple-β decay of Nd150 using a total exposure of 0.19 kg yr recorded with the NEMO-3 detector at the Modane Underground Laboratory. We find no evidence of this decay and set lower limits on the half-life in the range T1/2>(1.1–3.2)×1021 yr at the 90% C.L., depending on the model used for the kinematic distributions of the emitted electrons.
Published: 2017
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5. The BiPo-3 detector for the measurement of ultra low natural radioactivities of thin materials

Author: A.S. Barabash, A. Basharina-Freshville, E. Birdsall, S. Blondel, S. Blot, M. Bongrand, D. Boursette, V. Brudanin, J. Busto, A.J. Caffrey, S. Calvez, M. Cascella, S. Cebrián, C. Cerna, J.P Cesar, E. Chauveau, A. Chopra, T. Dafní, S. De Capua, D. Duchesneau, D. Durand, V. Egorov, G. Eurin, J.J. Evans, L. Fajt, D. Filosofov, R. Flack, X. Garrido, H. Gómez, B. Guillon, P. Guzowski, K. Holý, R. Hodák, A. Huber, C. Hugon, F.J. Iguaz, I.G. Irastorza, A. Jeremie, S. Jullian, M. Kauer, A. Klimenko, O. Kochetov, S.I. Konovalov, V. Kovalenko, K. Lang, Y. Lemière, T. Le Noblet, Z. Liptak, X.R. Liu, P. Loaiza, G. Lutter, G. Luzón, M. Macko, F. Mamedov, C. Marquet, F. Mauger, B. Morgan, J. Mott, I. Nemchenok, M. Nomachi, F. Nova, H. Ohsumi, G. Oliviéro, A. Ortiz de Solórzano, R.B. Pahlka, J. Pater, F. Perrot, F. Piquemal, P. Povinec, P. Přidal, Y.A. Ramachers, A. Remoto, B. Richards, C.L. Riddle, E. Rukhadze, R. Saakyan, R. Salazar, X. Sarazin, Yu. Shitov, L. Simard, F. Šimkovic, A. Smetana, K. Smolek, A. Smolnikov, S. Söldner-Rembold, B. Soulé, I. Štekl, J. Thomas, V. Timkin, S. Torre, Vl.I. Tretyak, V.I. Tretyak, V.I. Umatov, C. Vilela, V. Vorobel, D. Waters, A. Žukauskas, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM - UMR 6417), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), SuperNEMO, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Canfranc Underground Laboratory, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Nuclear physics, Activity measurements, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: The BiPo-3 detector, running in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (Laboratorio Subterr\'aneo de Canfranc, LSC, Spain) since 2013, is a low-radioactivity detector dedicated to measuring ultra low natural radionuclide contaminations of $^{208}$Tl ($^{232}$Th chain) and $^{214}$Bi ($^{238}$U chain) in thin materials. The total sensitive surface area of the detector is 3.6 m$^2$. The detector has been developed to measure radiopurity of the selenium double $\beta$-decay source foils of the SuperNEMO experiment. In this paper the design and performance of the detector, and results of the background measurements in $^{208}$Tl and $^{214}$Bi, are presented, and validation of the BiPo-3 measurement with a calibrated aluminium foil is discussed. Results of the $^{208}$Tl and $^{214}$Bi activity measurements of the first enriched $^{82}$Se foils of the double $\beta$-decay SuperNEMO experiment are reported. The sensitivity of the BiPo-3 detector for the measurement of the SuperNEMO $^{82}$Se foils is $\mathcal{A}$($^{208}$Tl) $, Comment: 37 pages, 29 figures
Published: 2017
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6. The BiPo-3 detector

Author: L. Simard, S. Blot, M. Bongrand, H. Gómez, A. Chopra, Z. J. Liptak, Jose Busto, P. Guzowski, Y. Lemière, Y. A. Ramachers, S. I. Konovalov, E. Chauveau, F. Perrot, B. Richards, V. V. Timkin, V.I. Umatov, X. Garrido, E. Birdsall, Pavel P. Povinec, Masaharu Nomachi, L. Fajt, Vit Vorobel, S. Torre, P. Přidal, V. Brudanin, G. Eurin, F. Mamedov, A.J. Caffrey, S. Söldner-Rembold, D. Boursette, Ruben Saakyan, O.I. Kochetov, C. Vilela, X.R. Liu, F. Piquemal, C. Hugon, Guillaume Lutter, J. Mott, M. Macko, Karol Lang, A. Jeremie, A. Žukauskas, Karol Holý, Yu. Shitov, S. De Capua, Michele Cascella, V. G. Egorov, A.A. Smolnikov, E. Rukhadze, P. Loaiza, S. Calvez, D. Waters, X. Sarazin, Joleen Pater, A. Smetana, J. J. Evans, D. Duchesneau, A. S. Barabash, Juergen Thomas, S. Blondel, I. Stekl, A. Huber, C. Cerna, D.V. Filosofov, V. I. Tretyak, V.E. Kovalenko, F. Mauger, G. Oliviéro, Fedor Šimkovic, R. L. Flack, Igor Nemchenok, B. Guillon, H. Ohsumi, M. Kauer, T. Le Noblet, R. B. Pahlka, Dominique Durand, Vl.I. Tretyak, F. Nova, S. Jullian, B. Morgan, A. A. Klimenko, C. L. Riddle, A. Remoto, A. Basharina-Freshville, R. Hodák, Karel Smolek, B. Soulé, Ch. Marquet, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM - UMR 6417), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: Photomultiplier, measurement methods, chemistry.chemical_element, Scintillator, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Bismuth, Nuclear physics, thallium, Optics, Neutrino Ettore Majorana Observatory, Double beta decay, Double beta-decay detectors, 0103 physical sciences, bismuth, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], background: radioactivity, FOIL method, scintillation counter, Physics, Radiation, photomultiplier, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, double-beta decay, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Scintillation counter, admixture, Low-radioactivity measurements, business
Abstract: The BiPo-3 detector is a low radioactive detector dedicated to measuring ultra-low natural contaminations of 208Tl and 214Bi in thin materials, initially developed to measure the radiopurity of the double β decay source foils of the SuperNEMO experiment at the μBq/kg level. The BiPo-3 technique consists in installing the foil of interest between two thin ultra-radiopure scintillators coupled to low radioactive photomultipliers. The design and performances of the detector are presented. In this paper, the final results of the 208Tl and 214Bi activity measurements of the first enriched 82Se foils are reported for the first time, showing the capability of the detector to reach sensitivities in the range of some μBq/kg.
Published: 2017
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7. ZnWO4 scintillators for cryogenic dark matter experiments

Author: S. Henry, F.A. Danevich, O. G. Polischuk, V. V. Kobychev, V.B. Mikhailik, H. Kraus, S.S. Nagorny, V.M. Mokina, and Vl.I. Tretyak
Subjects: Hexagonal prism, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, Radionuclide, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Dark matter, Atmospheric temperature range, Scintillator, Crystal, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Tungstate, chemistry, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: The scintillation properties of a zinc tungstate crystal, shaped as a hexagonal prism (height 40 mm, diagonal 40 mm) were determined. An energy resolution of 10.7% for the 662 keV γ-line of 137Cs was measured with the scintillator placed in a light collection setup similar to that used by the CRESST dark matter search. The light output and decay kinetics of ZnWO4 were examined over the temperature range 7-300 K and confirmed to be competitive with those of CaWO4. The radioactive contaminations of the ZnWO4 scintillator measured in the Solotvina Underground Laboratory do not exceed 0.1-10 mBq/kg (depending on radionuclide). Our study highlights the excellent feasibility of this ZnWO4 scintillator for a cryogenic dark matter experiment. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016

8. Measurement of the double-beta decay half-life and search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay ofCa48with the NEMO-3 detector

Author: F. Nova, X.R. Liu, B. Morgan, C. L. Riddle, A. Remoto, Hector Gomez, Jouni Suhonen, S. Calvez, S. V. Zhukov, M. Bongrand, Masaharu Nomachi, A. Basharina-Freshville, F. Piquemal, O.I. Kochetov, J. Baker, Karol Lang, D. Waters, V. I. Tretyak, R. Salazar, Vl.I. Tretyak, Jose Busto, V. G. Egorov, S. Blondel, V. V. Timkin, Y. A. Ramachers, X. Sarazin, E. Rukhadze, B. Richards, P. Guzowski, Y. Lemière, V. I. Lebedev, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, J. L. Reyss, J.P. Cesar, S. Torre, F. Mamedov, V.E. Kovalenko, F. Mauger, Frédéric Nowacki, A. Chapon, Fedor Šimkovic, G. Szklarz, R. Arnold, Igor Nemchenok, A. Smetana, A. Chopra, Z. J. Liptak, C. Hugon, V. B. Brudanin, J. Mott, P. Loaiza, Michele Cascella, R. Saakyan, G. Eurin, F. Perrot, V. I. Umatov, R. B. Pahlka, I. Stekl, S. Söldner-Rembold, A. S. Barabash, S. Blot, D.V. Filosofov, L. Simard, Ch. Marquet, N.I. Rukhadze, A. Žukauskas, Ph. Hubert, Vit Vorobel, E. Chauveau, A.A. Smolnikov, R. L. Flack, J. J. Evans, A. A. Klimenko, S. Jullian, D. Lalanne, Yu. Shitov, A. Huber, J. C. Thomas, C. Cerna, Lukas Fajt, I. Vanushin, Pavel P. Povinec, C.S. Sutton, H. Ohsumi, T. Le Noblet, Dominique Durand, S. I. Konovalov, P. Přidal, A. J. Caffrey, R. Hodák, Karel Smolek, X. Garrido, B. Soulé, D. Duchesneau, C. Vilela, B. Guillon, and C. Augier
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Half-life, 01 natural sciences, Lower limit, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Underground laboratory, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Majoron
Abstract: The NEMO-3 experiment at the Modane Underground Laboratory has investigated the double-$\beta$ decay of $^{48}{\rm Ca}$. Using $5.25$ yr of data recorded with a $6.99\,{\rm g}$ sample of $^{48}{\rm Ca}$, approximately $150$ double-$\beta$ decay candidate events have been selected with a signal-to-background ratio greater than $3$. The half-life for the two-neutrino double-$\beta$ decay of $^{48}{\rm Ca}$ has been measured to be $T^{2\nu}_{1/2}\,=\,[6.4\, ^{+0.7}_{-0.6}{\rm (stat.)} \, ^{+1.2}_{-0.9}{\rm (syst.)}] \times 10^{19}\,{\rm yr}$. A search for neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay of $^{48}{\rm Ca}$ yields a null result and a corresponding lower limit on the half-life is found to be $T^{0\nu}_{1/2} > 2.0 \times 10^{22}\,{\rm yr}$ at $90\%$ confidence level, translating into an upper limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass of $ < 6.0 - 26$ ${\rm eV}$, with the range reflecting different nuclear matrix element calculations. Limits are also set on models involving Majoron emission and right-handed currents.
Published: 2016
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9. Response of CdWO4 crystal scintillator for few MeV ions and low energy electrons

Author: Nello Taccetti, F. Taccetti, P. R. Maurenzig, L. Carraresi, P. G. Bizzeti, Vl.I. Tretyak, T. F. Fazzini, and F.A. Danevich
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Quenching (fluorescence), FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Scintillator, Ion, Crystal, Low energy, Yield (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract: The response of a CdWO4 crystal scintillator to protons, alpha particles, Li, C, O and Ti ions with energies in the range 1 - 10 MeV was measured. The non-proportionality of CdWO4 for low energy electrons (4 - 110 keV) was studied with the Compton Coincidence Technique. The energy dependence of the quenching factors for ions and the relative light yield for low energy electrons was calculated using a semi-empirical approach. Pulse-shape discrimination ability between gamma quanta, protons, alpha particles and ions was investigated., Comment: 20 pages, 8 figs, accepted in Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A
Published: 2012
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10. First limits on neutrinoless resonant 2ε captures in 136Ce and new limits for other 2β processes in 136Ce and 138Ce isotopes

Author: S. d'Angelo, P. Belli, A. Incicchitti, R. Bernabei, D. Prosperi, M. Laubenstein, Vl.I. Tretyak, R. Cerulli, and F. Cappella
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Isotope, Excited state, Double beta decay, Excited nucleus, Half-life
Abstract: A small CeCl 3 crystal (6.9 g) was measured deep underground (3600 m w.e.) at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories of the INFN (Italy) with a low background HP Ge detector (244 cm 3 ) during 1280 h. The crystal is not polluted by 232 Th, 40 K, 60 Co, 137 Cs (limits were set on the activity at a level of 0.05–1 Bq/kg), but contains radioactive 138 La (0.68 Bq/kg) and, probably, is polluted by 235 U and 238 U (0.3–0.7 Bq/kg). The half life limits for different double β processes in 136 Ce and in 138 Ce were set in the range of ( 1 – 6 ) × 10 15 yr . In particular, the 2 e captures in 136 Ce to various excited levels of 136 Ba were considered for the first time. The limits for the resonant neutrinoless transitions to the 2392.1 keV and 2399.9 keV levels of 136 Ba are: T 1 / 2 > 2.4 × 10 15 yr and T 1 / 2 > 4.1 × 10 15 yr at 90% C.L., respectively.
Published: 2009
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11. Search for double- β decay processes in 108Cd and 114Cd with the help of the low-background CdWO 4 crystal scintillator

Author: Vl.I. Tretyak, F.A. Danevich, V. V. Kobychev, D. Prosperi, P. Belli, S. d'Angelo, V. M. Mokina, D. V. Poda, A. Incicchitti, R. Cerulli, R. Bernabei, F. Nozzoli, F. Cappella, and S.S. Nagorny
Subjects: Crystal, Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillator
Abstract: The search for double-β processes in 108Cd and 114Cd was realized by using data of the low-background experiment with the CdWO4 crystal scintillator at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories of the INFN. New improved half-life limits on double-beta processes were established, in particular T 1/2 0ν2ɛ( ^108Cd ) ≥ 1.0(2.7)×1018 yr, T 1/2 2ν2β( ^114Cd ) ≥ 1.3(2.1)×1018 yr, and T 1/2 0ν2β( ^114Cd ) ≥ 1.1(2.5)×1021 yr at 90(68)% C.L.
Published: 2008
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12. Development of CaMoO4 crystal scintillators for a double beta decay experiment with

Author: A.Sh. Georgadze, H. J. Kim, V. Kornoukhov, S. S. Nagorny, D. V. Poda, O. A. Buzanov, J. H. So, Y. D. Kim, O. G. Shkulkova, A. Annenkov, F.A. Danevich, S.S. Yurchenko, R.B. Podviyanuk, D. J. Sedlak, Oleg V. Missevitch, A. S. Nikolaiko, Mikhail Korzhik, Sun-Whe Kim, V.M. Mokina, Vl.I. Tretyak, V.V. Kobychev, J. I. Lee, and I.M. Solsky
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Alpha-particle spectroscopy, Analytical chemistry, Scintillator, Nuclear physics, Crystal, Double beta decay, Beta particle, Alpha decay, Luminescence, Instrumentation
Abstract: We have studied the energy resolution, α / β ratio, temperature dependence of the scintillation properties, and the radioactive contamination of CaMoO4 crystal scintillators. We have also examined the use of pulse-shape discrimination to distinguish γ rays and α particles. A high sensitivity experiment to search for the 0 ν 2 β decay of Mo 100 using CaMoO4 scintillators is discussed.
Published: 2008
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13. Intrinsic radioactivity of a Li6Eu(BO3) 3 crystal and α decays of Eu

Author: A. Incicchitti, P. Belli, S.S. Nagorny, Matthias Laubenstein, B.V. Grinyov, R. Cerulli, A. V. Tolmachev, R.P. Yavetskiy, Vl.I. Tretyak, F.A. Danevich, and V.V. Kobychev
Subjects: Crystal, Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Neutron, Instrumentation
Abstract: A small Li 6 Eu ( BO 3 ) 3 crystal (2.72 g) was measured deep underground at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories with a HP Ge detector of 408 cm 3 during 1500 h. While the crystal is not polluted by usual radioactive contaminants (only limits on the activity of U/Th chains, 40 K, 60 Co, 137 Cs were set on the level of 0.01–1 Bq/kg), the presence of radioactive 152 Eu and 154 Eu is evident; these are created in capture of neutrons by naturally abundant 151 Eu and 153 Eu. The measured activities correspond to 0.95 and 0.21 Bq/kg for 152 Eu and 154 Eu, respectively, with a ratio far from the standard expectation. As by-products, limits on half lives for the α decays Eu 151 → Pm 147 ( E exc = 91.1 keV ) and Eu 153 → Pm 149 are determined as T 1 / 2 > 2.4 × 10 16 yr and T 1 / 2 > 1.1 × 10 16 yr , respectively.
Published: 2007
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14. Results of the search for neutrinoless double-βdecay inMo100with the NEMO-3 experiment

Author: B. Morgan, C. L. Riddle, A. Remoto, A. Basharina-Freshville, J. Baker, Fedor Šimkovic, Igor Nemchenok, F. Piquemal, S. Söldner-Rembold, S. Calvez, V. Egorov, D. Duchesneau, V. V. Timkin, A. S. Barabash, E. Rukhadze, V.I. Tretyak, A. Huber, A. A. Klimenko, D.V. Filosofov, Jouni Suhonen, L. Simard, A. Smetana, J. L. Reyss, F. Perrot, Ruben Saakyan, V. Vorobel, Stijn Blot, R. B. Pahlka, Frédéric Nowacki, Guillaume Lutter, J. J. Evans, D. Lalanne, Yu. Shitov, C. Augier, Ph. Hubert, Karel Smolek, B. Soulé, C. Cerna, Jose Busto, P. Guzowski, Y. Lemière, A. J. Caffrey, V. I. Umatov, A. Chapon, F. Nova, V.E. Kovalenko, Haley Louise Gomez, M. Bongrand, D. Waters, F. Mauger, R. Arnold, S. I. Konovalov, E. Chauveau, Pavel P. Povinec, O.I. Kochetov, C. Vilela, I. Vanushin, S. Jullian, Catherine Marquet, S. Blondel, G. Eurin, Lukas Fajt, J. Mott, Z. J. Liptak, V.B. Brudanin, C. Hugon, Y. A. Ramachers, B. Richards, J.P. Cesar, S. Torre, F. Mamedov, K. Lang, P. Loaiza, C. S. Sutton, G. Szklarz, X. Sarazin, Juergen Thomas, R. Hodák, Masaharu Nomachi, R. Flack, B. Guillon, P. Přidal, A.A. Smolnikov, I. Stekl, A. Žukauskas, Vl.I. Tretyak, H. Ohsumi, T. Le Noblet, Dominique Durand, and Xavier Garrido
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Signal region, 01 natural sciences, Beta decay, Lower limit, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Underground laboratory, Beta (velocity), Neutrino, 010306 general physics
Abstract: The NEMO-3 detector, which had been operating in the Modane Underground Laboratory from 2003 to 2010, was designed to search for neutrinoless double $\beta$ ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay. We report final results of a search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decays with $6.914$ kg of $^{100}$Mo using the entire NEMO-3 data set with a detector live time of $4.96$ yr, which corresponds to an exposure of 34.3 kg$\cdot$yr. We perform a detailed study of the expected background in the $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal region and find no evidence of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decays in the data. The level of observed background in the $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal region $[2.8-3.2]$ MeV is $0.44 \pm 0.13$ counts/yr/kg, and no events are observed in the interval $[3.2-10]$ MeV. We therefore derive a lower limit on the half-life of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decays in $^{100}$Mo of $T_{1/2}(0\nu\beta\beta)> 1.1 \times 10^{24}$ yr at the $90\%$ Confidence Level, under the hypothesis of light Majorana neutrino exchange. Depending on the model used for calculating nuclear matrix elements, the limit for the effective Majorana neutrino mass lies in the range $\langle m_{\nu} \rangle < 0.33$--$0.62$ eV. We also report constraints on other lepton-number violating mechanisms for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decays.
Published: 2015
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15. RECENT RESULTS ON THE SEARCH FOR 2β DECAY PROCESSES WITH SCINTILLATORS AND PURE SAMPLES

Author: O. G. Polischuka, A. Di Marco, F. Cappella, D. M. Chernyak, A. Incicchitti, S. Castellano, S. d'Angelo, D.V. Poda, M. Laubenstein, A. S. Barabash, V.V. Kobychev, S. I. Konovalov, R. Bernabei, P. Belli, V.M. Mokina, Vl.I. Tretyak, R. S. Boiko, V. Caracciolo, F.A. Danevich, R. Cerulli, V. I. Umatov, and V. B. Brudanin
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, rare processes, double beta decay, low background techniques, Isotope, Double beta decay, Scintillator, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare
Abstract: Some recent results obtained in the search for double beta decay in vari- ous isotopes obtained in experiments carried out at LNGS with the DAMA/R&D, DAMA/Ge set-up and the STELLA facility will be summarized.
Published: 2015
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16. Status of LUMINEU program to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 100Mo with cryogenic ZnMoO4 scintillating bolometers

Author: F. Koskas, L. Torres, Claire A. Marrache-Kikuchi, A. A. Drillien, C. Nones, L. Devoyon, G. Pessina, B. Paul, X-F. Navick, Christian Enss, D.V. Poda, D. Gray, I.M. Ivanov, Matias Velázquez, V. Humbert, O. Strazzer, Loredana Gastaldo, A. Juillard, Achim Fleischmann, Luc Bergé, P. Magnier, M. Tenconi, Ya.V. Vasiliev, M. Gros, F.A. Danevich, Oudomsack Viraphong, Y. Penichot, E. Olivieri, D. M. Chernyak, O. Plantevin, E. P. Makarov, Vl.I. Tretyak, V.N. Shlegel, R. S. Boiko, M. Chapellier, S. Hervé, P. de Marcillac, S. Marnieros, A. Giuliani, T. Redon, L. Dumoulin, M. Mancuso, Martin Loidl, V.V. Kobychev, N. Coron, Matias Rodrigues, Kiev Institute for Nuclear Research (KINR), Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry [Novosibirsk] (NIC), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Sezione di Roma 1] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Osvaldo Civitarese, Ivan Stekl and Jouni Suhonen, ANR-12-BS05-0004,LUMINEU,Expérience souterraine avec détecteurs luminescents de molybdate de zinc pour l'étude de la masse et la nature des neutrinos(2012), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Università dell’Insubria, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Milano] (INFN), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, MOLYBDENUM 100, law.invention, Crystal, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, ELEMENTS, ANTICOINCIDENCE, REFRACTORY METAL COMPOUNDS, DOUBLE BETA DECAY, SIGNAL CONDITIONERS, Physics, TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS, BOLOMETERS, EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI, TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS, ZINC COMPOUNDS, NUCLEAR DECAY, METALS, Neutrino, PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION, TRANSITION ELEMENTS, INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI, PARTICLE DISCRIMINATION, Radioactive decay, REFRACTORY METALS, Zinc molybdate, PULSE CIRCUITS, PULSE SHAPERS, ENERGY RESOLUTION, MOLYBDATES, Scintillator, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear physics, MOLYBDENUM COMPOUNDS, MOLYBDENUM ISOTOPES, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, BETA DECAY, STABLE ISOTOPES, NUCLEI, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Bolometer, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS, BETA-MINUS DECAY, CRYSTALS, OXYGEN COMPOUNDS, PHOSPHORS, chemistry, RESOLUTION, ISOTOPES, DECAY
Abstract: ISBN: 978-0-7354-1333-7; International audience; The LUMINEU program aims at performing a pilot experiment on 0ν2β decay of 100 Mo using radiopure ZnMoO4 crystals enriched in 100 Mo operated as cryogenic scintillating bolometers. Large volume ZnMoO4 crystal scintillators (∼ 0.3 kg) were developed and tested showing high performance in terms of radiopurity, energy resolution and α/β particle discrimination capability. Zinc molybdate crystal scintillators enriched in 100 Mo were grown for the first time by the low-thermal-gradient Czochralski technique with a high crystal yield and an acceptable level of enriched molybdenum irrecoverable losses. A background level of ∼ 0.5 counts/(yr keV ton) in the region of interest can be reached in a large detector array thanks to the excellent detectors radiopurity and particle discrimination capability, suppression of randomly coinciding events by pulse-shape analysis, and anticoincidence cut. These results pave the way to future sensitive searches based on the LUMINEU technology, capable of approaching and exploring the inverted hierarchy region of the neutrino mass pattern.
Published: 2015
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17. Investigation of double beta decay of 116Cd with the help of enriched 116CdWO4 crystal scintillators

Author: Ya.V. Vasiliev, V. I. Umatov, V.M. Mokina, F.A. Danevich, Vl.I. Tretyak, M. Laubenstein, S. I. Konovalov, A. S. Barabash, A. Incicchitti, P. Belli, S. d'Angelo, D.V. Poda, O. G. Polischuk, D. M. Chernyak, R. Bernabei, V.V. Kobychev, R. Cerulli, V.N. Shlegel, F. Cappella, and V. Caracciolo
Subjects: Semileptonic decay, Physics, Half-life, double beta decay, Scintillator, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, 116Cd, low-background techniques, chemistry, Excited state, Double beta decay, Cadmium tungstate, Ground state, Majoron
Abstract: An experiment to search for 2β processes in 116Cd with the help of enriched (to 82%) cadmium tungstate crystal scintillators is in progress at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the INFN (LNGS, Italy). After 11074 h of data taking in the last configuration, the preliminary estimate for the half-life of 116Cd relatively to 2ν2β decay is T1/2 = [2.52 ± 0.02(stat.) ± 0.14(syst.)] × 1019 yr. By using the data of previous stages of the experiment with a similar level of background (≈ 0.1 counts/(keV kg yr) in the energy interval 2.7 – 2.9 MeV; the total time of measurements is 19770 h) we have obtained a new limit on the 0ν2β decay of 116Cd to the ground state of 116Sn: T1/2 ≥ 1.9 × 1023 yr at 90% C.L. New limits on different 2β processes in 116Cd (decays with majorons, transitions to the excited levels) are obtained on the level of T1/2 ≥ 1020 – 1022 yr.
Published: 2015

18. Application of PbWO4 crystal scintillators in experiment to search for decay of 116Cd

Author: A.S. Lobko, Mikhail Korzhik, A.Sh. Georgadze, E. N. Pirogov, A.G. Fedorov, D.V. Poda, Ts. Vylov, S.S. Nagorny, V. V. Kobychev, Vl.I. Tretyak, I. M. Vyshnevskyi, B.V. Grinyov, A. S. Nikolaiko, Volodymyr D. Ryzhikov, L.L. Nagornaya, S.S. Yurchenko, Oleg V. Missevitch, F.A. Danevich, V.B. Brudanin, and B. N. Kropivyansky
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Scintillator, Copper, Beta decay, Crystal, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Double beta decay, Electromagnetic shielding, Cadmium tungstate, Instrumentation
Abstract: Lead tungstate (PbWO4) crystal scintillators are discussed as an active shield and light guides in Cd-116 double-beta decay experiment with Cadmium tungstate (CdWO4) scintillators. Scintillation properties and radioactive contamination of PbWO4 scintillators were investigated. Energy resolution of CdWO4 detector, coupled to PbWO4 light guide, was tested. Efficiency of PbWO4-based active shield to suppress background from the internal contamination of PbWO4 crystals, as well as possible contribution from radioactivity of copper shield and phototubes were calculated. Using of lead tungstate crystal scintillators as high-efficiency 4 pi active shield could allow to build sensitive 2 beta experiment (T-1/2(0 nu 2 beta) similar to 10(26) yr) to search for 0 nu 2 beta decay of Cd-116 with (CdWO4)-Cd-116 crystal scintillators. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2006
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19. CARVEL experiment with 48CaWO4 crystal scintillators for the double β decay study of 48Ca

Author: Ts. Vylov, B. N. Kropivyansky, V. B. Brudanin, Vl.I. Tretyak, S. S. Nagorny, Yu.G. Zdesenko, F.A. Danevich, V.V. Kobychev, and F. T. Avignone
Subjects: Crystal, Nuclear physics, Physics, Scintillation, Double beta decay, Resolution (electron density), Dark matter, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Neutrino, Scintillator, Beta decay
Abstract: The CARVEL (CAlcium Research for VEry Low neutrino mass) experiment to search for the double β decay of 48 Ca with the help of enriched 48 CaWO 4 crystal scintillators has been considered. Scintillation properties (energy resolution, α/β ratio, pulse-shape discrimination ability) and radiopurity of CaWO 4 scintillators were studied. Despite rather high radioactive contaminations, the background rate of the CaWO 4 detector in the energy region 3.6–5.4 MeV (energy window of the 48 Ca neutrinoless 2β decay) was reduced down to 0.07 counts/(yr keV kg). With ≈100 kg array of the 48 CaWO 4 crystals the sensitivity of the CARVEL experiment (in terms of the half-life limit for the 0ν2β decay) is estimated as T 1 / 2 0 ν > 10 27 yr. This value corresponds to the neutrino mass constraint m ν
Published: 2005
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20. Scintillation properties and radioactive contamination of CaWO4 crystal scintillators

Author: F.A. Danevich, I.M. Solsky, F. T. Avignone, Yu.G. Zdesenko, Vl.I. Tretyak, S.S. Nagorny, and V.B. Brudanin
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Crystal, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, Resolution (mass spectrometry), Impurity, Double beta decay, Radioactive contamination, Radiochemistry, Alpha decay, Scintillator, Instrumentation
Abstract: Energy resolution, α / β ratio and the pulse-shape discrimination ability of the CaWO4 crystal scintillators were studied. The radioactive contamination and background of the crystals were measured in the Solotvina Underground Laboratory. Despite a rather high level of radioactive impurities, the background rate of the CaWO4 detector in the energy window of the 48Ca neutrinoless 2 β decay (3.6–5.4 MeV) was reduced to 0.07 counts/(yr keV kg). The indication for α decay of 180W (Phys. Rev. 67 (2003) 014310) was confirmed (the measured half-life is T 1 / 2 = 1 . 0 - 0.3 + 0.7 × 10 18yr).
Published: 2005
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21. CAMEO project and discovery potential of the future 2β-decay experiments

Author: F.A. Danevich, Yu.G. Zdesenko, and Vl.I. Tretyak
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, CUORE, Neutrino detector, Solar neutrino, Double beta decay, Measurements of neutrino speed, Solar neutrino problem, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract: The demands on the future supersensitivity 2β-decay experiments (aiming to observe neutrinoless 2β decay or to advance restrictions on the neutrino mass to mν≤0.01 eV) are considered and requirements for their discovery potential are formulated. The most realistic 2β projects are reviewed and the conclusion is obtained that only several of them with high energy resolution would completely satisfy these severe demands and requirements. At the same time, most of the recent projects (CAMEO, CUORE, DCBA, EXO, etc.) could certainly advance the limit on the neutrino mass up to mν≤0.05 eV.
Published: 2004
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22. Two-neutrino 2β decay of 116Cd and new half-life limits on 2β decay of 180W and 186W

Author: A.Sh. Georgadze, T. F. Fazzini, P. G. Bizzeti, S. Yu. Zdesenko, O. A. Ponkratenko, A. S. Nikolaiko, V. V. Kobychev, P. R. Maurenzig, Yu.G. Zdesenko, F.A. Danevich, and Vl.I. Tretyak
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Decay scheme, Isotopes of germanium, Isotope, Double beta decay, Excited state, Half-life, Neutrino, Scintillator
Abstract: Studies of the 2β decay of 116Cd, 180W and 186W have been performed in the Solotvina Underground Laboratory with the help of the super-low background 116CdWO4 crystal scintillators. The half-life value of the two-neutrino 2β decay of 116Cd has been revised as T 1/2 2ν =2.9±0.1( stat ) −0.3 +0.4 ( syst )×10 19 yr . Besides, the new half-live limits on different modes of this process have been established for two natural tungsten isotopes, in particular, T1/2⩾1.0 (1.6)×1021 yr at 90% (68%) C.L. for the neutrinoless 2β decay of 186W to the ground (0+) and first excited (2+) level of 186Os.
Published: 2003
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23. To what extent does the latest SNO result guarantee the proton stability?

Author: Vl.I. Tretyak and Yu.G. Zdesenko
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Solar neutrino problem, Stability (probability), Proton life-time, Nuclear physics, Deuterium, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino detectors, Deuteron, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Experimental data accumulated by the SNO detector (containing 1000 t of D 2 O) on neutral-current solar neutrinos interactions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 011301] have been used to set the best up-to-date life-time limit on the proton disappearance (or decay to the weakly interacting particles like neutrinos, majorons, etc.): lim τ ( p →?)>5.7(3.5)×10 28 yr at 68% (90%) C.L.
Published: 2003
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24. Search for β and ββ decays in 48Ca

Author: R. Cerulli, F. Montecchia, Vl.I. Tretyak, F. Cappella, P. Belli, A. Incicchitti, O. A. Ponkratenko, Yu.G. Zdesenko, C.J. Dai, R. Bernabei, D. Prosperi, and F. Nozzoli
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Theoretical physics, Half-life, Limit (mathematics), Coincidence
Abstract: The coincidence technique can offer a useful way to investigate β and ββ decay processes in 48 Ca. In this paper the results of a preliminary experimental search are presented. In particular, here the first experimental limit on the half life of the ββ 2 ν (0 + –2 + ) decay of 48 Ca has been obtained; it is T 1/2 >1.2×10 18 y (90% C.L.).
Published: 2002
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25. Experimental limit on the charge non-conserving β decay of 73Ge

Author: A.A. Smolnikov, S. I. Vasiliev, S.B. Osetrov, A. A. Klimenko, Yu.G. Zdesenko, and Vl.I. Tretyak
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Observatory, Life time, Charge (physics), Limit (mathematics), Neutrino, Atomic physics, Semiconductor detector
Abstract: Data collected during 637 days in the Baksan Neutrino Observatory with 1 kg high purity Ge semiconductor detector have been analyzed to search for charge non-conserving β decay of 73 Ge. It is the first real-time experiment, in which one of the best up-to-date life time limits has been established for this process as: τ CNC ( 73 Ge→ 73 As)>2.6×10 23 yr at 90% C.L.
Published: 2002
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26. Search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ofMo100with the NEMO-3 detector

Author: C. Hugon, I. Vanushin, Pavel P. Povinec, E. Rukhadze, V. Egorov, A.J. Caffrey, F. Nova, Karol Lang, X. Sarazin, B. Morgan, A. Smetana, D. Waters, Guillaume Lutter, Catherine Marquet, C. L. Riddle, A. Remoto, P. Loaiza, C. Augier, F. Piquemal, V.I. Tretyak, D. Lalanne, D. Durand, Juergen Thomas, A. Basharina-Freshville, J. Busto, R. Saakyan, J. Mott, A. S. Barabash, Y. Lemière, V. I. Umatov, J. J. Evans, A.A. Smolnikov, A. A. Klimenko, L. Simard, Fedor Šimkovic, Hector Gomez, V.B. Brudanin, R. Hodák, J. L. Reyss, Masaharu Nomachi, Igor Nemchenok, C. Cerna, S. Blot, Z. J. Liptak, A. Chapon, R. B. Pahlka, Ph. Hubert, P. Guzowski, D. Duchesneau, S. Jullian, C.S. Sutton, F. Nowacki, Karel Smolek, X. Garrido, B. Soulé, R. Arnold, Jouni Suhonen, R. L. Flack, G. Eurin, V. V. Timkin, A. Žukauskas, F. Mauger, J. Baker, V. Kovalenko, B. Guillon, S. I. Konovalov, Yu. Shitov, O.I. Kochetov, C. Vilela, F. Perrot, B. Richards, S. Torre, F. Mamedov, G. Szklarz, Y. A. Ramachers, S. Söldner-Rembold, M. Bongrand, S. Blondel, Vit Vorobel, E. Chauveau, I. Stekl, Vl.I. Tretyak, and H. Ohsumi
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Beta decay, Lepton number, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Beta (velocity), Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: We report the results of a search for the neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{100}$Mo, using the NEMO-3 detector to reconstruct the full topology of the final state events. With an exposure of 34.7 kg.y, no evidence for the 0$\nu\beta\beta$ signal has been found, yielding a limit for the light Majorana neutrino mass mechanism of $T_{1/2}(0\nu\beta\beta)>1.1 \times 10^{24}$ years (90% C.L.) once both statistical and systematic uncertainties are taken into account. Depending on the Nuclear Matrix Elements this corresponds to an upper limit on the Majorana effective neutrino mass of $ < 0.3-0.8$ eV (90% C.L.). Constraints on other lepton number violating mechanisms of 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decays are also given. Searching for high-energy double electron events in all suitable sources of the detector, no event in the energy region [3.2-10] MeV is observed for an exposure of 47 kg.y.
Published: 2014
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27. Investigation of double beta decay of 100Mo to excited states of 100Ru

Author: Frédéric Nowacki, C. Cerna, Pavel P. Povinec, J. Mott, Karel Smolek, Ph. Hubert, S. Blondel, O.I. Kochetov, C. Vilela, A. Žukauskas, B. Soulé, Vl.I. Tretyak, Fedor Šimkovic, C.S. Sutton, S. Jullian, J. J. Evans, V.B. Brudanin, L. Dragounová, Masaharu Nomachi, H. Gómez, V. Egorov, G. Eurin, A.A. Smolnikov, I. Stekl, Igor Nemchenok, A.J. Caffrey, Vit Vorobel, E. Chauveau, A. A. Klimenko, R. Hodák, S. Blot, V. I. Umatov, A. Smetana, R. Arnold, P. Guzowski, V. Kovalenko, Y. Lemière, R. Saakyan, F. Perrot, C. Augier, A. Chapon, S. I. Konovalov, X. Garrido, J. L. Reyss, P. Čermák, V. V. Timkin, S. Söldner-Rembold, R. B. Pahlka, A. S. Barabash, D. Duchesneau, M. Bongrand, Guillaume Lutter, J. Hůlka, Z. J. Liptak, Catherine Marquet, F. Nova, Karol Lang, E. Rukhadze, F. Mauger, B. Morgan, V.I. Tretyak, C. L. Riddle, A. Remoto, P. Loaiza, H. Ohsumi, Dominique Durand, A. Basharina-Freshville, Jouni Suhonen, D. Lalanne, Yu. Shitov, Juergen Thomas, G. Szklarz, L. Simard, F. Piquemal, Y. A. Ramachers, B. Richards, S. Torre, F. Mamedov, C. Hugon, X. Sarazin, D. Waters, G. Warot, N.I. Rukhadze, R. L. Flack, J. Busto, B. Guillon, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neutrino et Faibles Radioactivités (NEMO), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM - UMR 6417), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NEMO-3, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Decay scheme, ta114, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], External source, 7. Clean energy, 3. Good health, Nuclear physics, Excited state, Excited nucleus, Double beta decay, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, Hpge detector, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo to the excited states of daughter nuclei has been studied using a 600 cm$^3$ low-background HPGe detector and an external source consisting of 2588 g of 97.5% enriched metallic $^{100}$Mo, which was formerly inside the NEMO-3 detector and used for the NEMO-3 measurements of $^{100}$Mo. The half-life for the two-neutrino double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo to the excited 0$^+_1$ state in $^{100}$Ru is measured to be $T_{1/2}=[7.5 \pm{0.6}(stat) \pm {0.6}(syst)]\cdot 10^{20}$ yr. For other $(0\nu + 2\nu)$ transitions to the 2$^+_1$, 2$^+_2$, 0$^+_2$, 2$^+_3$ and 0$^+_3$ levels in $^{100}$Ru, limits are obtained at the level of $\sim (0.25-1.1)\cdot 10^{22}$ yr., Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0904.1924
Published: 2014
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28. Purification of cerium, neodymium and gadolinium for low background experiments

Author: Matthias Laubenstein, A. Incicchitti, D.V. Poda, R. Bernabei, R. Cerulli, O.G. Polischuk, F.A. Danevich, V.M. Mokina, Vl.I. Tretyak, R. S. Boiko, Stefano Nisi, P. Belli, F. Cappella, and A. S. Barabash
Subjects: Lanthanide, rare earths, Gadolinium, Physics, QC1-999, Radiochemistry, radiopurification, chemistry.chemical_element, Thorium, Neodymium, Lutetium, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Actinium, Cerium, chemistry, Lanthanum, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: Cerium, neodymium and gadolinium contain double beta active isotopes. The most interesting are 150 Nd and 160 Gd (promising for 02 search), 136 Ce (2 + candidate with one of the highest Q 2). The main problem of compounds containing lanthanide elements is their high radioactive contamination by uranium, radium, actinium and thorium. The new generation 2 experiments require development of methods for a deep purification of lanthanides from the radioactive elements. A combination of physical and chemical methods was applied to purify cerium, neodymium and gadolinium. Liquid-liquid extraction technique was used to remove traces of Th and U from neodymium, gadolinium and for purification of cerium from Th, U, Ra and K. Co-precipitation and recrystallization methods were utilized for further reduction of the impurities. The radioactive contamination of the samples before and after the purification was tested by using ultra-low- background HPGe gamma spectrometry. As a result of the purification procedure the radioactive contamination of gadolinium oxide (a similar purification efficiency was reached also with cerium and neodymium oxides) was decreased from 0.12 Bq/kg to 0.007 Bq/kg in 228 Th, from 0.04 Bq/kg to
Published: 2014

29. Chemical purification of molybdenum samples for the NEMO 3 experiment

Author: V. G. Egorov, X. Sarazin, J. Baker, F. Laplanche, A. S. Barabash, Vit Vorobel, F. Leccia, J.L. Guyonnet, R. Arnold, J.E. Campagne, D. Blum, C. S. Sutton, V. B. Brudanin, I. Linck, I. Nikolic-Audit, C. Longuemare, G. Szklarz, V. F. Kuzichev, J. L. Reyss, V. N. Kornoukhov, I. Stekl, Ts. Vylov, F. Hubert, Ch. Marquet, H. W. Nicholson, C. Augier, I. Vanyushin, V.E. Kovalenko, C. L. Riddle, I. Pilugin, T. Filipova, F. Mauger, E. Caurier, O. Bing, F. Piquemal, V. I. Umatov, A. J. Caffrey, Jouni Suhonen, D. Lalanne, O.I. Kochetov, D. Dassié, F. Scheibling, I. Kisel, K. Errahmane, Vl.I. Tretyak, Ph. Hubert, S. Jullian, and V. V. Timkin
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, chemistry, Molybdenum, Double beta decay, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Context (language use), Instrumentation
Abstract: Most currently, viable double beta decay experiments require highly enriched isotopic sources. These sources must be extraordinarily free of radioactive contamination. The double beta decay experiment NEMO 3 will study 100Mo, for which physical and chemical purification techniques have been investigated. The success of the chemical purification process is discussed in the context of ultra-low background, high-purity germanium spectrometer measurements.
Published: 2001
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30. Influence of neutrons and γ-rays in the Fréjus underground laboratory on the NEMO experiment

Author: I. Pilugin, O.I. Kochetov, F. Scheibling, F. Leccia, Ch. Marquet, L. Vala, I. Nikolic-Audit, I. Vanyushin, J. Baker, F. Hubert, V. B. Brudanin, V. V. Timkin, A. Vareille, H. Ohsumi, Ts. Vylov, A. S. Barabash, J.E. Campagne, I. Linck, C. Augier, I. Kisel, V. I. Umatov, V.E. Kovalenko, J. Caffrey, F. Mauger, I. Stekl, G. Szklarz, D. Lalanne, C.S. Sutton, Vit Vorobel, V. G. Egorov, C. Jollet, K. Errahmane, Jouni Suhonen, R. Arnold, J.L. Guyonnet, D. Blum, J. L. Reyss, V. N. Kornoukhov, H. W. Nicholson, Vl.I. Tretyak, D. Dassié, T. Filipova, E. Caurier, Ph. Hubert, F. Laplanche, O. Bing, C. Longuemare, S. Jullian, X. Sarazin, R. Eschbach, and F. Piquemal
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, MAJORANA, Particle physics, Photomultiplier, Beta (plasma physics), Double beta decay, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Neutron, Neutrino, Instrumentation
Abstract: To be sensitive to an effective Majorana neutrino mass, 〈 m ν 〉, on the order of 0.1 eV, the NEMO 3 double beta (ββ(0ν)) decay experiment requires precise knowledge and control of the backgrounds. The effect of neutrons and γ-rays from the Frejus underground laboratory (LSM, Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane) has been studied during 10 700 h of data collection. The data were taken with a NEMO 2 prototype detector using different shield configurations. Monte Carlo calculations with GEANT/MICAP code and a new library of γ-rays from neutron captures are presented. The implied consequences for the NEMO 3 detector which is under construction are discussed. The neutrinoless double beta decay background induced by neutrons and γ-rays within the LSM will be suppressed to the very suitable level of 0.1 event in a live time of five years given the appropriate shield and magnetic field.
Published: 2001
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31. New phase of the 116Cd 2β-decay experiment with 116CdWO4 scintillators

Author: P. G. Bizzeti, B. N. Kropivyansky, Vl.I. Tretyak, O. A. Ponkratenko, T. F. Fazzini, P. R. Maurenzig, Yu.G. Zdesenko, F.A. Danevich, V. V. Kobychev, and A. S. Nikolaiko
Subjects: Crystal, Physics, Coupling constant, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Excited state, Phase (waves), Atomic physics, Scintillator, Neutrino, Ground state, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Order of magnitude
Abstract: A new step of the 116Cd 2β-decay experiment is in progress at the Solotvina Underground Laboratory. The upgraded setup consists of four enriched 116CdWO4 crystal scintillators of total mass 339 g. As an active shield, 15 CdWO4 crystals (20.6 kg) are used. The background rate (in the energy interval 2.7–2.9 MeV) is 0.06 count/(yr kg keV), one order of magnitude lower than in the previous apparatus. Combined with results of preceding measurements, the half-life limit for the neutrinoless 2β decay of 116Cd to the ground state of 116Sn is determined as T1/2(0ν)≥5.1×1022 yr with 90% C.L. The limits on T1/2 for transitions to the excited 21+ and 01+ levels of 116Sn are 8.6×1021 and 4.1×1021 yr, respectively (at a 90% C.L.). For 0ν2β decay accompanied by the emission of one and two Majorons, the constraints on the half-life are T1/2(0νM1)≥1.4×1021 yr and T1/2 (0νM2)≥4.1×1020 yr (at a 90% C.L.). The corresponding constraints on the neutrino mass and the neutrino-Majoron coupling constant are 〈mv〉 ≤ 3.1 eV and 〈gM〉 ≤ 1.9 × 10−4, respectively.
Published: 2000
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32. Pulse-shape discrimination with CdWO4 crystal scintillators

Author: Vl.I. Tretyak, V. V. Kobychev, F.A. Danevich, P. R. Maurenzig, P. G. Bizzeti, C. Stramaccioni, T. F. Fazzini, and Yu.G. Zdesenko
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, business.industry, Scintillator, Radiation, Signal, Crystal, Amplitude, Optics, Light emission, business, Instrumentation, Digital filter
Abstract: The properties of light emission from a CdWO 4 crystal scintillator were investigated with different kinds of sources (α’s, protons, cosmic muons and γ’s). At least three components of scintillation signal were recognized with decay time of ≈1, 6 and 14 μs. By using the dependence of the relative amplitudes of these components on the nature of incoming radiation, the pulse-shape discrimination method based on the optimal digital filter was developed to process the scintillation pulses from the CdWO 4 crystal. The clear discrimination between γ-rays and α-particles was achieved, that permits the use of this technique in double-β-decay research and in other low-background measurements.
Published: 1998
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33. Measurement and control of the 214Bi contamination in the ββ NEMO-2 experiment

Author: J.L. Guyonnet, J.E. Campagne, I. Linck, A. S. Barabash, C. Longuemare, J. L. Reyss, D. Dassié, C. Augier, Vl.I. Tretyak, Ph. Hubert, V. Zerkin, F. Hubert, R. Arnold, P. Mennrath, O. Purtov, Ts. Vylov, V. B. Brudanin, S. Jullian, I. Vanushin, F. Piquemal, V. G. Egorov, D. Lalanne, G. Szklarz, A.A. Nozdrin, D. Blum, I. Kisel, F. Scheibling, V. N. Kornoukov, A. Vareille, R. Eschbach, V. I. Umatov, H. Nicholson, O.I. Kochetov, C.S. Sutton, Yu. Vasilyev, V.E. Kovalenko, F. Mauger, Jouni Suhonen, F. Laplanche, and F. Leccia
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Isotope, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Radon, Contamination, Beta decay, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Double beta decay, Alpha decay, Instrumentation, Radioactive decay
Abstract: In the double beta decay (ββ) experiment NEMO-2, the 214 Bi radioactivity has been measured as background for the ββ processes. The analysis of the 214 Bi contamination has been performed via the signature of 214 Po alpha decay. This method has been applied to data taken with enriched 100 Mo and 116 Cd sources. At the level of NEMO-2's sensitivity, in a 1.0 mole yr study of enriched material, the contamination of the sources can be measured in the range of 2.0 mBq kg −1 . The effects of deposited contamination by 222 Rn are also discussed and estimated at the level of 0.3 mBq per square meter of source foil. Backgrounds for neutrinoless double beta decay (ββ0v) are deduced from these measurements and the consequences for the higher sensitivity ββ experiment NEMO-3 are drawn.
Published: 1997
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34. Double β decay of 116Cd. Final results of the Solotvina experiment and CAMEO project

Author: P. R. Maurenzig, B. N. Kropivyansky, P. G. Bizzeti, T. F. Fazzini, A. S. Nikolaiko, F.A. Danevich, Yu. G. Zdesenko, V.V. Kobychev, A.Sh. Georgadze, Vl.I. Tretyak, and S. Yu. Zdesenko
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, MAJORANA, Underground laboratory, Neutrino, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract: Final results of the 2 β decay experiment, performed in the Solotvina Underground Laboratory with the help of low-background 116 CdWO 4 crystal scintillators, are presented. The revised half-life value of the two-neutrino 2 β decay of 116 Cd has been measured as T 1 / 2 2 ν = 2.9 −0.3 +0.4 × 10 19 yr, and the new half-life limit on the neutrinoless 2 β decay of 116 Cd has been established as T 1 / 2 0 ν ⩾ 1.7 (2.6)×10 23 yr at 90% (68%) C.L. The latter corresponds to a restriction on the Majorana neutrino mass: m ν ⩽ 1.7 (1.4) eV at 90% (68%) C.L. The CAMEO project could further advance sensitivity of the 116 Cd experiment to m ν ⩽ 0.05 eV.
Published: 2005
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35. Development of radiopure cadmium tungstate crystal scintillators from enriched 106Cd anD 116Cd to search for double beta decay

Author: V.M. Mokina, Vl.I. Tretyak, D. A. Solopikhin, R. S. Boiko, V. B. Brudanin, D. M. Chernyak, V. Caracciolo, Stefano Nisi, V.D. Virich, A.E. Dossovitskiy, E.N. Galashov, M. Laubenstein, F. Cappella, R.B. Podviyanuk, A. P. Shcherban, A. Incicchitti, A. S. Barabash, V.V. Kobychev, V.Ya. Degoda, B. N. Kropivyansky, S. d'Angelo, V.N. Shlegel, O. G. Polischuk, D. V. Poda, R. Bernabei, F.A. Danevich, M. L. Di Vacri, Ya.V. Vasiliev, V. I. Umatov, A. S. Nikolaiko, R. Cerulli, A.L. Mikhlin, P. Belli, S. I. Konovalov, and G. P. Kovtun
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, inorganic chemicals, endocrine system diseases, Radiochemistry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, double beta decay, Phosphor, scintillators, Scintillator, Potassium-40, radioactive contamination, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Crystal, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Double beta decay, Cadmium tungstate, enriched isotopes, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: Cadmium tungstate crystal scintillators enriched in 106Cd up to 66% (106CdWO4) and in 116Cd up to 82% (116CdWO4) have been developed. The low radioactive contamination of the crystals measured on the level of ≤ 1.5 mBq/kg (40K), ≤ 0.005 - 0.012 mBq/kg (226Ra), 0.04 - 0.07 mBq/kg (228Th) allows to carry out high sensitivity experiments to search for double beta processes in 106Cd and 116Cd.
Published: 2013

36. Crystal scintillators for low background measurements

Author: R. Cerulli, S. d'Angelo, Xiuhua Ma, C.J. Dai, A. Incicchitti, O. G. Polischuk, P. Belli, S. Castellano, Sheng Xiuli, Rong Wang, A. d’Angelo, R. Bernabei, A. Di Marco, V. Caracciolo, F. Montecchia, D.V. Poda, D. M. Chernyak, F. Cappella, F.A. Danevich, H. L. He, Z. P. Ye, V.M. Mokina, Vl.I. Tretyak, and R. S. Boiko
Subjects: Crystal, Physics, Optics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Dark matter, New materials, scintillation detector, Scintillator, business
Abstract: The studies performed in the research of new materials and purification techniques allow us a wide choice among inorganic scintillators for a variety of use. In this paper crystal scintillators and their application and potentialities in low background measurements are discussed, with a particular attention to direct dark matter investigation.
Published: 2013
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37. Purification of lanthanides for double Beta decay experiments

Author: V.M. Mokina, Vl.I. Tretyak, R. S. Boiko, Matthias Laubenstein, D.V. Poda, A. Incicchitti, F.A. Danevich, F. Cappella, Stefano Nisi, O. G. Polischuk, P. Belli, R. Bernabei, R. Cerulli, and A. S. Barabash
Subjects: Lanthanide, Radiochemistry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, chemistry.chemical_element, Contamination, Lutetium, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Cerium, Uranium-238, chemistry, Radioactive contamination, Lanthanum, Radioactive decay, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: There are several potentially double beta active isotopes among the lanthanide elements. However, even high purity grade lanthanide compounds contain 238U, 226Ra and 232,228Th typically on the level of ∼ (0.1 - 1) Bq/kg. The liquid-liquid extraction technique was used to remove traces of U, Ra and Th from CeO2, Nd2O3 and Gd2O3. The radioactive contamination of the samples before and after the purification was tested by using ultra-low-background HPGe γ spectrometry at the underground Gran Sasso National Laboratories of the INFN (Italy). After the purification the radioactive contamination of gadolinium oxide by Ra and Th was decreased at least one order of magnitude. The efficiency of the approach to purify cerium oxide from Ra was on same level, while the radioactive contamination of neodymium sample before and after the purification is below the sensitivity of analytical methods. The purification method is much less efficient for chemically very similar radioactive elements like lanthanum, lutetium and ...
Published: 2013

38. Investigation ofβ + β + andβ +/EC decay of106Cd

Author: Vl.I. Tretyak, M. Völlinger, O. A. Ponkratenko, B. N. Kropivyansky, F.A. Danevich, M. Hirsch, V. N. Kuts, J. Hellmig, F. Petry, Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, A.Sh. Georgadze, H. Strecker, V. V. Kobychev, Yu.G. Zdesenko, A. S. Nikolaiko, and A. Müller
Subjects: Physics, Crystal, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Analytical chemistry, Nuclear fusion, Neutrino, Scintillator
Abstract: A low background scintillation detector with a CdWO4 crystal of 1.046 kg was used to search forβ + β + andβ +/EC processes in106Cd. For the neutrinoless mode the limits T1/2(0νβ + β +)≥2.2·1019 y and T1/2(0νβ +/EC)≥5.5·1019 y were obtained with 90% C.L. For the possible two neutrino decay limits of T1/2(2νβ + β +)≥9.2·1017 y and T1/2(2νβ +/EC)≥2.6·1017 y have been determined with 99% C.L.
Published: 1996
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39. Double-β decay of116Cd

Author: V. N. Kornoukov, D. Lalanne, J.L. Guyonnet, J.E. Campagne, J. L. Reyss, R. Eschbach, H. Nicholson, F. Piquemal, V.E. Kovalenko, F. Mauger, P. Mennrath, V. G. Egorov, C. Augier, I. Linck, Jouni Suhonen, D. Dassié, F. Scheibling, Ph. Hubert, Vl.I. Tretyak, O.I. Kochetov, V. I. Umatov, C. Longuemare, G. Szklarz, V. B. Brudanin, S. Jullian, V. Zerkin, O. Purtov, I. Vanushin, F. Hubert, C.S. Sutton, Ts. Vylov, A.A. Nozdrin, R. Arnold, D. Blum, Yu. Vasilyev, F. Laplanche, A. Vareille, F. Leccia, A. S. Barabash, and I. Kisel
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Particle physics, Neutron capture, Decay scheme, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Isotopes of germanium, Double beta decay, Detector, Underground laboratory, Beta-decay stable isobars, Majoron
Abstract: The NEMO-2 tracking detector located in the Frejus Underground Laboratory was designed as a prototype of the detector NEMO-3 to study 0ν and 2ν double-beta decay (ββ) physics. After ten months of nearly continuous running with an enriched cadmium source (0.92 mol·y of116Cd) aββ2ν half-life ofT1/2=(3.75±0.35(stat)±0.21(syst))·1019 y was measured. Limits with 90% CL on the116Cd half-lives of 5.0·1021 y forββ0ν decay and of 1.2·1021 y forββ0νχ0 decay with a Majoron (χ0) were obtained. Theoretical predictions for 0ν and 2ν decays of116Cd are also presented.
Published: 1996
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40. The ADAMO Project and developments

Author: A. Incicchitti, R. Cerulli, R. Bernabei, A. d’Angelo, P. Belli, F.A. Danevich, D.V. Poda, A. Di Marco, Vl.I. Tretyak, F. Cappella, and V. Caracciolo
Subjects: Physics, History, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Dark matter, Detector, Isotropy, Dark Matter, direzionalita, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, Particle detector, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Computer Science Applications, Education, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Scintillation counter, 010306 general physics, business, Anisotropy
Abstract: In the anisotropic scintillators the light output and the pulse shape for heavy particles (p, α, nuclear recoils) depend on the direction with respect to the crystal axes; the response to γ/β radiation is isotropic instead. This feature offers the possibility to study the directionality approach, which is applicable in the particular case of those Dark Matter candidate particles inducing just nuclear recoils. Among the anisotropic scintillators, the ZnWO4 has unique features, which make it an excellent candidate for this type of research, and there is still plenty of room for the improvement of its performances. Studies on the exploitation of further possibilities are also considered and will be shortly mentioned. In this paper the possibility of a low background pioneer experiment (named ADAMO: Anisotropic detectors for DArk Matter Observation) to exploit the directionality approach by using anisotropic ZnWO4 scintillators is discussed.
Published: 2016
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41. Search for double beta decay of116Cd with enriched116CdWO4crystal scintillators (Aurora experiment)

Author: V. Caracciolo, S. d'Angelo, O. G. Polischuk, R. Bernabei, F.A. Danevich, D.V. Poda, A. Incicchitti, V.I. Umatov, P. Belli, F. Cappella, S. I. Konovalov, A. S. Barabash, R. Cerulli, V.N. Shlegel, V.M. Mokina, Vl.I. Tretyak, V.V. Kobychev, M. Laubenstein, and D. M. Chernyak
Subjects: History, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, double beta decay, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Education, Crystal, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Cadmium tungstate, 116Cd, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, low background techniques, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Computer Science Applications, MAJORANA, chemistry, Excited state, Neutrino, Ground state
Abstract: The Aurora experiment to investigate double beta decay of $^{116}$Cd with the help of 1.162 kg cadmium tungstate crystal scintillators enriched in $^{116}$Cd to 82\% is in progress at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory. The half-life of $^{116}$Cd relatively to the two neutrino double beta decay is measured with the highest up-to-date accuracy $T_{1/2}=(2.62\pm0.14)\times10^{19}$ yr. The sensitivity of the experiment to the neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{116}$Cd to the ground state of $^{116}$Sn is estimated as $T_{1/2} \geq 1.9\times10^{23}$ yr at 90\% CL, which corresponds to the effective Majorana neutrino mass limit $\langle m_{\nu}\rangle \leq (1.2-1.8)$ eV. New limits are obtained for the double beta decay of $^{116}$Cd to the excited levels of $^{116}$Sn, and for the neutrinoless double beta decay with emission of majorons., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, submitted as proceedings of the TAUP 2015 conference
Published: 2016
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42. New results of 116Cd ββ decay experiment

Author: P. G. Bizzeti, S. Yu. Zdesenko, P. R. Maurenzig, A.Sh. Georgadze, A. S. Nikolaiko, S. S. Nagorny, Vl.I. Tretyak, V.V. Kobychev, O. A. Ponkratenko, T. F. Fazzini, Yu. G. Zdesenko, and F.A. Danevich
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Decay scheme, Isotopes of cadmium, Double beta decay, Neutrino, Ground state, Beta decay, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Radioactive decay, Lepton
Abstract: The measurements with 0.33 kg low background 116CdWO4 scintillators are in progress in the Solotvina Underground Laboratory. After 13254 h of data taking the new half-life limits for different modes of neutrinoless 2β decay of 116Cd are presented, in particular for 0ν2β decay of 116Cd to the ground state of 116Sn: T1/2;(0ν2β) ≥ 1.3(1.8) × 1023 yr at 90%(68%) C.L.
Published: 2002
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43. New limit on the proton life-time independent on channel from the neutrino experiments with heavy water

Author: Yu.G. Zdesenko and Vl.I. Tretyak
Subjects: Heavy water, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Neutrino detector, chemistry, Orders of magnitude (time), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Limit (mathematics), Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Experimental data on the number of neutrons born in the heavy water targets of the large neutrino detectors are used to set the limit on the proton life-time independently on decay mode through the reaction d → n + ?. The best up-to-date limit τ p > 4×10 23 yr with 95% C.L. is derived from the measurements with D 2 O target (mass 267 kg) installed near the Bugey reactor. This value can be improved by six orders of magnitude with future data accumulated with the SNO detector containing 1000 t of D 2 O.
Published: 2002
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44. Spectral modeling of scintillator for the NEMO-3 and SuperNEMO detectors

Author: J. S. Ricol, Yoichi Tamagawa, Karol Holý, G. Luzón, X. Garrido, A. S. Barabash, Y. Lemière, Ts. Vylov, B. Richards, J. J. Horkley, X. Sarazin, A. Chapon, J. Argyriades, Ph. Hubert, S. Cebrián, Vl.I. Tretyak, F. Mauger, A. Nachab, A. Žukauskas, J. J. Evans, Juergen Thomas, O.I. Kochetov, Luis M. Serra, J. K. Sedgbeer, A. J. Caffrey, D. Lalanne, S. Jullian, S. Söldner-Rembold, G. Szklarz, F. Mamedov, V.B. Brudanin, T. Dafni, Ch. Marquet, M. Bongrand, I. Nasteva, C. H. Nguyen, Ruben Saakyan, N. Yahlali, R. Arnold, L. Simard, I. G. Irastorza, V. E. Kovalenko, C. Hugon, F. Monrabal, R. L. Flack, C.S. Sutton, Guillaume Lutter, N. Fatemi-Ghomi, D. Waters, G. Broudin-Bay, R. Vasiliev, K. Lang, L. Vála, Yorihito Sugaya, F. Nova, H. Ohsumi, S. I. Konovalov, E. Chauveau, Pavel P. Povinec, A.A. Smolnikov, Dominique Durand, M. Kauer, R. B. Pahlka, Robert Thompson, I. Vanyushin, Z. Daraktchieva, J. S. Díaz, P. Novella, V.I. Tretyak, J. Martín-Albo, C. L. Riddle, Nobuhiro Ishihara, V. I. Umatov, C. M. Jackson, B. Guillon, C. Augier, A. Basharina-Freshville, A Rodríguez, F. Piquemal, V. V. Timkin, Ken-Ichi Fushimi, Fedor Šimkovic, Igor Nemchenok, Hector Gomez, J. Baker, Yu. Shitov, S. Kanamaru, F.J. Iguaz, F. Perrot, V. Egorov, A. Holin, I. Stekl, Vit Vorobel, Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and SuperNEMO
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Technology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, CODE, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Calibration, Plastic scintillators, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Science & Technology, Instrumentation, Instruments & Instrumentation, Scintillation, physics.ins-det, Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, MO-100, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Calorimeter, Physics, Nuclear, Physical Sciences, GEANT 4, DOUBLE-BETA DECAY, Optical photon transport
Abstract: We have constructed a GEANT4-based detailed software model of photon transport in plastic scintillator blocks and have used it to study the NEMO-3 and SuperNEMO calorimeters employed in experiments designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay. We compare our simulations to measurements using conversion electrons from a calibration source of $\rm ^{207}Bi$ and show that the agreement is improved if wavelength-dependent properties of the calorimeter are taken into account. In this article, we briefly describe our modeling approach and results of our studies., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2010
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45. Results of the BiPo-1 prototype for radiopurity measurements for the SuperNEMO double beta decay source foils

Author: D. Waters, Ruben Saakyan, K. Holy, I. G. Irastorza, Guillaume Lutter, Y. Tamagawa, F. Piquemal, S. I. Konovalov, E. Chauveau, Pavel P. Povinec, D. Breton, Masaharu Nomachi, G. Broudin-Bay, R. Vasiliev, I. Vanyushin, O.I. Kochetov, Y. Lemière, A. S. Barabash, V. Egorov, Vit Vorobel, L. Simard, J. S. Díaz, V.I. Tretyak, V. E. Kovalenko, S. Söldner-Rembold, A. Holin, V. Vasiliev, Nobuhiro Ishihara, K-I. Fushima, A. Chapon, J. Argyriades, N. Yahali, J. J. Evans, C. H. Nguyen, V. V. Timkin, F.J. Iguaz, A Rodríguez, C.S. Sutton, M. Kauer, R. B. Pahlka, X. Garrido, G. Szklarz, C. M. Jackson, C. Hugon, S. Cebrián, G. Luzón, Ch. Marquet, A. Žukauskas, F. Nova, F. Perrot, F. Mauger, V.B. Brudanin, Luis M. Serra, J. K. Sedgbeer, V. I. Umatov, B. Guillon, X. Sarazin, R. Arnold, A. J. Caffrey, B. Richards, R. L. Flack, Fedor Šimkovic, F. Monrabal, Karol Lang, S. Jenzer, T. Dafni, Igor Nemchenok, A. Nachab, F. Mamedov, C. Bourgeois, Juergen Thomas, H. Gómez, C. Augier, J. J. Horkey, M. Briére, M. Bongrand, L. Vála, I. Stekl, J. Baker, Yu. Shitov, J. Hommet, T. Lamhamdi, C. L. Riddle, A. Basharina-Freshville, Ph. Hubert, S. Jullian, Vl.I. Tretyak, H. Ohsumi, Dominique Durand, J. S. Ricol, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universitat de València (UV), and SuperNEMO
Subjects: SuperNEMO, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Radiopurity, Scintillator, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Sensitivity (control systems), Neutrino Ettore Majorana Observatory, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Active surface area, NEMO-3, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Underground laboratory, BiPo, Majorana neutrino
Abstract: The development of BiPo detectors is dedicated to the measurement of extremely high radiopurity in (TI)-T-208 and Bi-214 for the SuperNEMO double beta decay source foils. A modular prototype, called BiPo-1, with 0.8 m(2) of sensitive surface area, has been running in the Modane Underground Laboratory since February, 2008. The goal of BiPo-1 is to measure the different components of the background and in particular the surface radiopurity of the plastic scintillators that make up the detector. The first phase of data collection has been dedicated to the measurement of the radiopurity in (TI)-T-208. After more than one year of background measurement, a surface activity of the scintillators of A((TI)-T-208) = 1.5 μBq/m(2) is reported here. Given this level of background, a larger BiPo detector having 12 m(2) of active surface area, is able to qualify the radiopurity of the SuperNEMO selenium double beta decay foils with the required sensitivity of A((TI)-T-208), The authors would like to thank the Modane Underground Laboratory staff for their technical support in running BiPo-1, and the IN2P3 Computing Center in Lyon for its software and computing support. This work was supported by the French Grant ANR-06-BLAN-0299 funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, by the Spanish MICINN for the FPA2007-62833, FPA2008-03456 and FPA2006-12120-003 contracts, part of which comes from FEDER funds, by the Russian RFBR 09-02-00737 Grant and by the UK STFC.
Published: 2010
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46. Search for γ-rays following ßß decay of 100Mo to excited states of 100Ru

Author: G. Szklarz, D. Dassié, Yu.G. Zdesenko, C. Longuemare, C. Izac, F. Hubert, F. Leccia, D. Blum, I. Linck, Vl.I. Tretyak, M. C. Isaac, F. Laplanche, P. Mennrath, J. Busto, D. Lalanne, Ph. Hubert, B. N. Kropivyansky, F. Scheibling, B.N. Kouts, S. Jullian, F. Natchez, T. Lamhamdi, and J.E. Campagne
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Decay scheme, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Underground laboratory, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy
Abstract: An experiment looking for ss decay of 100 Mo to excited states of 100 Ru has been performed in the Frejus Underground Laboratory. The used set-up included a high purity Ge detector and 1 kg of 99.5% enriched 100 Mo. Half-life limits in the range 10 21 yr have been obtained.
Published: 1992
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47. Measurement of the double-βdecay half-life ofNd150and search for neutrinoless decay modes with the NEMO-3 detector

Author: C.S. Sutton, J. Argyriades, G. Broudin, I. Nemchenok, D. Durand, H. Ohsumi, V. Egorov, Ph. Hubert, Ts. Vylov, C. Longuemare, D. Lalanne, Yu. Shitov, Jouni Suhonen, M. Bongrand, A.A. Smolnikov, I. Vanyushin, S. Snow, S. Jullian, S. Söldner-Rembold, A.J. Caffrey, V. Brudanin, J. S. Ricol, I. Nasteva, F. Nova, G. Szklarz, N. Fatemi-Ghomi, A. S. Barabash, X. Sarazin, C. Augier, Vit Vorobel, J. Baker, L. Vála, V. I. Umatov, Z. Daraktchieva, R. Arnold, Karol Lang, J. Jerie, V. Vasiliev, L. Simard, Y. Lemière, A. Nachab, R. Flack, Juergen Thomas, Vl.I. Tretyak, P. Novella, Ch. Marquet, F. Mauger, J. Martín-Albo, I. Štekl, V. Kovalenko, A. A. Klimenko, Ruben Saakyan, S. I. Konovalov, Guillaume Lutter, E. Chauveau, J. L. Reyss, O. Kochetov, M. Kauer, S. King, R. B. Pahlka, Fedor Šimkovic, V. Timkin, T. Lamhamdi, A. Basharina-Freshville, F. Piquemal, and F. Perrot
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elementary particle, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Beta decay, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Radioactive decay, Majoron, Lepton
Abstract: The half-life for double-{beta} decay of {sup 150}Nd has been measured by the NEMO-3 experiment at the Modane Underground Laboratory. Using 924.7 days of data recorded with 36.55 g of {sup 150}Nd, we measured the half-life for 2{nu}{beta}{beta} decay to be T{sub 1/2}{sup 2{nu}}=(9.11{sub -0.22}{sup +0.25}(stat.){+-}0.63(syst.))x10{sup 18} yr. The observed limit on the half-life for neutrinoless double-{beta} decay is found to be T{sub 1/2}{sup 0{nu}}>1.8x10{sup 22} yr at 90% confidence level. This translates into a limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass of
Published: 2009
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48. Measurement of the background in the NEMO 3 double beta decay experiment

Author: O.I. Kochetov, Vl.I. Tretyak, Yu. Shitov, F. Mauger, F. Piquemal, V. Egorov, I. Nasteva, P. Novella, J. Martín-Albo, S. Söldner-Rembold, F. Mamedov, J. Baker, G. Broudin-Bay, K. Lang, V. I. Umatov, S. I. Konovalov, E. Chauveau, N. Fatemi-Ghomi, L. Simard, X. Sarazin, A.A. Smolnikov, I. Vanyushin, A. Nachab, Vl. I. Tretyak, Juergen Thomas, V. Vasiliev, V. V. Timkin, S. W. Snow, Ph. Hubert, Igor Nemchenok, S. King, Vit Vorobel, S. Jullian, Ruben Saakyan, F. Nova, V. E. Kovalenko, Y. Lemière, Guillaume Lutter, M. Bongrand, A. Chapon, J. Argyriades, Z. Daraktchieva, A. S. Barabash, A. Freshville, I. Stekl, C. H. Nguyen, A. J. Caffrey, C.S. Sutton, H. Ohsumi, Dominique Durand, V.B. Brudanin, L. Vála, J. S. Ricol, Ts. Vylov, B. Guillon, D. Lalanne, C. Augier, G. Szklarz, R. Arnold, Ch. Marquet, R. L. Flack, J. L. Reyss, M. Kauer, R. B. Pahlka, F. Perrot, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NEMO, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Signal region, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Radon, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, NEMO, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino Ettore Majorana Observatory, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, skin and connective tissue diseases, Low radioactivity, Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Power (physics), Background, chemistry
Abstract: In the double beta decay experiment NEMO 3 a precise knowledge of the background in the signal region is of outstanding importance. This article presents the methods used in NEMO 3 to evaluate the backgrounds resulting from most if not all possible origins. It also illustrates the power of the combined tracking-calorimetry technique used in the experiment., The authors would like to thank the Modane Underground Laboratory staff for their technical assistance in running the experiment. Portions of this work were supported by Grants from RFBR (nos. 06-02-16672 and 06-02-72553) and by the Russian Federal Agency for Atomic Energy. We acknowledge support by the Grant Agencies of the Czech Republic (MSM 6840770029, LA305 and LC07050).
Published: 2009
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49. Search for double beta decay of zinc and tungsten with low background ZnWO4 crystal scintillators

Author: A. Incicchitti, Stefano Nisi, F. Cappella, R. Bernabei, D. V. Poda, B.V. Grinyov, V.M. Mokina, Vl.I. Tretyak, S.S. Yurchenko, F.A. Danevich, S. S. Nagorny, F. Nozzoli, V. V. Kobychev, D. Prosperi, R. Cerulli, L.L. Nagornaya, and P. Belli
Subjects: deduced T-1/2 lower limits for various 2 beta-decay modes. ZnWO4 crystal scintillator at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories, History, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron capture, chemistry.chemical_element, Tungsten, Scintillator, Education, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, Crystal, Positron, W-180(2EC), Double beta decay, Beta particle, Beta (velocity), Positron emission, Zn-70, Physics, RADIOACTIVITY Zn-64(2EC), RADIOACTIVITY Zn-64(2EC), (beta+EC), Zn-70, W-186(beta(-)), W-180(2EC), measured E-gamma, I-gamma, (beta+EC), I-gamma, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Beta decay, Computer Science Applications, chemistry, measured E-gamma, Scintillation counter, W-186(beta(-)), Radioactive decay
Abstract: Double beta processes in 64Zn, 70Zn, 180W, and 186W have been searched for with the help of large volume (0.1–0.7 kg) low background ZnWO4 crystal scintillators at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories of the INFN (Italy). The total measurement time exceeds ten thousand hours. New improved half-life limits on double electron capture and electron capture with positron emission in 64Zn have been set, in particular (all the limits are at 90% C.L.): T 1 / 2 0 ν 2 e ⩾ 1.1 × 10 20 yr , T 1 / 2 2 ν e β + ⩾ 7.0 × 10 20 yr , and T 1 / 2 0 ν e β + ⩾ 4.3 × 10 20 yr . In addition, new T 1 / 2 bounds were set for different modes of 2β processes in 70Zn, 180W, and 186W at the level of 1017–1020 yr.
Published: 2009

50. Search for alpha decay of natural Europium

Author: F.A. Danevich, A. Incicchitti, R. Cerulli, C.J. Dai, R. Bernabei, A. d’Angelo, Vl.I. Tretyak, P. Belli, F. Cappella, S.S. Nagorny, S.S. Yurchenko, Stefano Nisi, F. Nozzoli, V. V. Kobychev, and D. Prosperi
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Eu-151, alpha decay, CaF2(Eu) crystal scintillator, low background experiment, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Alpha (ethology), Scintillator, Lower limit, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Crystal, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Alpha decay, Europium
Abstract: The indication for the a decay of Eu-151 (Q alpha = 1.964 MeV) with the half-life T-1/2(alpha) = 5(-3)(+11) x 10(18) yr has been observed for the first time with the help of a low background CaF2(Eu) crystal scintillator (mass of 370 g) in measurement at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories of the INFN during 7426 h. In a conservative approach the lower limit on the half-life of Eu-151 has been established as T-1/2(alpha) >= 1.7 x 10(18) yr at 68% C.L. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2007

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