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— A new species of Clusia (sect. Phloianthera) from the Amazon is described and illustrated. Species belonging to the sect. Phloianthera occur mainly in southeastern Brazil and Clusia nascimentojuniorii is the fourth species of the section found and registered in the Amazon region. We provide here a table with the major differences between Clusia nascimentojuniorii and similar species in sect. Phloianthera, as well as an identification key for species from the Amazon, and a distribution map for the new species.

As a result of taxonomic studies on the genus Neomarica Sprague (Trimezieae, Iridoideae, Iridaceae), we noted that some names remain untypified, or were incorrectly typified. Thus, we here designate lectotypes for N. candida (Hassl.) Sprague, N. heloisamariae Occhioni, and N. silvestris (Vell.) Chukr, neotypes for N. itatiaica (Ravenna) A. Gil, N. latifolia (Ravenna) A. Gil, and N. unca (Ravenna) A. Gil, and also an epitype for N. silvestris. Comments about the typifications are provided.

We provide typifications and taxonomic notes for Neomarica humilis and some related species, to retain the taxonomic stability in Neomarica (Trimezieae, Iridaceae). We recognize Cypella humilis, the basionym of N. humilis, as a replacement name for the illegitimate Marica humilis, and N. vittata as a superfluous illegitimate name. We discuss the identity of the material cited by Klatt for C. humilis and designate a lectotype for M. humilis. In addition, we designate a neotype for N. occidentalis and a lectotype for N. portosecurensis. Furthermore, we distinguish N. humilis from the taxonomically related N. brachypus¸ N. northiana, and N. portosecurensis. All four species are illustrated.

Cryptangieae is a monophyletic tribe, as asserted in a recent molecular hypothesis, but there are questions about the circumscription and relationships of its genera. We enlarged the sampling of the tribe diversity, including about 80% of known species, and provide new analyses using single and combined matrices from two chloroplast (rbcL and trnL-F) and three nuclear ribosomal (ITS, ETS and 5S-NTS) regions with Bayesian Inference to clarify these questions. We also performed character reconstruction analyses with diagnostic morphological characters, including some traditionally applied in Cryptangieae taxonomy, using parsimony methods. The molecular analyses show Lagenocarpus in the current circumscription as polyphyletic, and the need to merge Cephalocarpus and Everardia to avoid paraphyletic genera. We propose an updated circumscription following the phylogeny, including a new name to a group at generic level (Krenakia); and discuss the phylogenetic significance of the morphological characters in Cryptangieae taxonomy. Though the relationship among some genera still needs more research, the genera we propose are strongly supported clades with clear morphological synapomorphies. Additionally, we provide an identification key, a brief description of genera and a list of accepted species including the required new combinations.

Two new shrubby species of Clusia sect. Cordylandra are described and illustrated. The male flower of Clusia nogueirae presents an androecium forming a conical volcano-like synandrium around a well-developed pistillode covered with resin. The male flower of Clusia ibiapabensis, on the other hand, presents an androecium of free claviform stamens, forming a broad torus-like structure around a well-developed pistillode. The two species occur in regions of brejos de altitude in the plateou of Ibiapaba, Ceará state, northeastern Brazil.

We describe, discuss, and illustrate Dichorisandra rhizantha, a new species from a transitional area between the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga domains in eastern Bahia state, Brazil. The species was assessed as Endangered, especially for its distribution restricted to forest fragments. The new species is morphologically similar to D. hirtella, D. radicalis and D. jardimii, but clearly differs from these by the inflorescence arising directly from the rhizome, and a pubescent indument on stem, leaves and sepals. We also present a distribution map of the species and taxonomic comments.

—Six new Kielmeyera species (Calophyllaceae) are presented here (K. cataractae, K. colibri, K. doceana, K. inopinata, K. oreophila, and K. stevensii), all from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, from the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro. Complete descriptions, illustrations, and morphological comparisons with the most similar species for each new species are provided. We also estimated their conservation status according to IUCN criteria. Additionally, an identification key for Kielmeyera species with pollen grains in monads and usually ciliated sepal margins from Atlantic Forest and a comparison table are provided.

Tovomitopsis Planch. & Triana is a Brazilian Atlantic Forest endemic genus composed of two species: T. paniculata (Spreng.) Planch. & Triana and T. saldanhae Engl. An investigation was conducted to clarify the nomenclatural history of Tovomitopsis. We report the results of this investigation, provide an updated description of the genus, and propose lectotypes for T. paniculata and its synonyms: Tovomita foliosa C.Presl and Tovomita paniculata Cambess. We also propose lectotypes for T. saldanhae and for the new synonym Clusia angustifolia Engl.

As the result of a taxonomic project on Neomarica, we describe and illustrate a new species, Neomarica kollmannii, and propose ten new synonyms for six species of the genus: N. altivallis, N. glauca, N. caerulea, N. longifolia, N. imbricata and N. sabinei. We also designate lectotypes for four accepted species and five new synonyms, and neotypes for three new synonyms. Comments on the synonyms and typifications are provided. Lastly, we indicate the correct spelling of N. sabinei (previously known as N. sabini, as cited in several indexes).

Neste texto, pretende-se transmitir aos leitores a sofisticação da química envolvida na interação entre os organismos de um ecossistema. Muito embora os seres humanos gostem de atribuir a si próprios a exclusividade do uso da química, os exemplos que serão abordados nesta matéria indicam claramente que a realidade está longe de ser esta.

A new species of Calophyllaceae, Kielmeyera fatimae R. J. Trad, from the Brazilian state Espirito Santo, is presented here; a complete description and illustrations are provided. The species is the second in the genus with small flowers in the Atlantic Forest; it is compared with the most similar species, K. rufotomentosa Saddi. Its conservation status according to IUCN criteria is estimated as endangered (EN).

During the continuous production of the “Catálogo de plantas e fungos do Brasil” (2010), some new combinations under Garcinia were proposed; however, they are invalid, since the respective basionyms were not indicated. Here, we propose the validation of the name Garcinia leptophylla Bittrich, a new name proposed for Rheedia longifolia Planch. & Triana. A lectotype for the name is also designated.

Five new species of Caraipa endemic to the Venezuelan Guayana are here described and illustrated. Three species are endemic to the Amazonas state: Caraipa acutata, endemic to the Guainia river; Caraipa cordifolia, endemic to the Paru tepui; and Caraipa yutajensis, endemic to the Yutaje tepui. Two species are endemic to Bolivar state: Caraipa kubitzkii was collected on a river margin in uplands; and Caraipa nigrolineata from the uplands. We propose two synonymizations and present an identification key for the 20 species of Caraipa from Venezuela.

Two species characterized by locellate anthers are treated, belonging to different sections of Clusia. One of these species, Clusia favus, is described as new. A new name for a species with an unusual volcano-shaped male androecium, belonging to Clusia section Phloianthera, but originally described within the genus Arrudea, is also proposed. A very similar volcano-shaped androecium occurs also in some species of Clusia sect. Cordylandra.

A new species, Dichorisandra sagittata , is recognized based on field studies and analyses of herbarium and cultivated material. It is characterized by the presence of pilose trichomes throughout the plant, inflorescences perforating the sheath of the lowermost leaf of the lateral branch, and yellow sagittate anthers. A diagnosis, morphological description, illustrations, and comments on taxonomy and geographic distribution are presented here. Furthermore, Dichorisandra incurva var. glabrescens is segregated from Dichorisandra incurva and recognized as a distinct species. Characters that distinguish this species from other morphologically similar species are noted, and illustrations are provided.

Two new hemiepiphytic species of Clusia (C. ucamira and C. lutea) from the Amazon Forest are described and illustrated. We provide a table with the major differences between C. ucamira and the similar species C. obovata and C. octandra. Clusia lutea is a distinct species with unclear relationships. Photographs as well as scanning electron microscopy images and distribution maps for the new species are also provided. Furthermore, we propose two new combinations and an updated synonymy for some Clusia species.

Two new species of Caraipa from Colombia are described and illustrated: Caraipa antioquensis , endemic to Antioquia in the Andes and the only species of Caraipa occurring in this area, and Caraipa tumescens, endemic to Vaupes. Caraipa ferruginea is reported from Colombia for the first time. We also present an identification key and distribution maps for the 14 species of Caraipa in Colombia.

Vismia atlantica, a new species endemic to the central region of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is described and illustrated. Collections of this species were initially identified as Vismia latifolia (probably because of a misinterpretation by Reichardt in Flora brasiliensis) and, more recently, as Vismia macrophylla. Vismia atlantica is part of a group of species having large leaves with numerous secondary veins and persistent stamens on the berries, features also present in the Amazonian species Vismia sandwithii.

A new species of Neomarica from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is described and illustrated. Neomarica sergipensis A. Gil & M.C.E. Amaral sp. nov. (Trimezieae, Iridoideae, Iridaceae) grows in restinga forests (forests on the coastal plains dominated by sandy soils) in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. The new species resembles Neomarica northiana, especially due to the white flowers with the basal third of the tepals yellow and covered by brown maculae, but differs by the inner tepals of with the center of the apical third is tinted violet to purple, yellow stigmatic crests with fimbriate to erose margins, and the endemic occurrence in Sergipe.

The neotropical tribe Clusieae contains six genera including Dystovomita and Tovomita. Material from the Ducke Reserve (Manaus), determined as Dystovomita brasiliensis, had been used in a recent phylogenetic study and was shown to be nested in Tovomita, leaving some doubt as to its determination. Having examined various types of Dystovomita brasiliensis we confirm the identity of the specimens from the Ducke Reserve and here accommodate the species within Tovomita as Tovomita hopkinsii. Illustrations, distribution map, an expanded description, and a discussion about the most closely related species of Tovomita are provided.

Popularmente conhecido como lacre, Vismia (Hypericaceae) é um gênero relativamente pouco estudado e que necessita de investigações detalhadas sobre caracteres diagnósticos que permitam distinguir suas espécies. No âmbito dos estudos morfológicos e taxonômicos em curso sobre o gênero, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos analisar e caracterizar a venação e a superfície foliar de 12 espécies de Vismia, utilizando, respectivamente, microscopia óptica de folhas diafanizadas e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram encontrados três padrões gerais de venação foliar e diferenças significativas em relação ao tipo de indumento, que auxiliam na separação de grupos dentro do gênero.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:39:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 In the Clusia criuva Cambess. species complex, the two subspecies C. criuva subsp. parviflora Vesque and C. criuva subsp. criuva can only be distinguished on the basis of stamen/staminode morphology and geographical occurrence. Despite being recently restructured, taxonomic relationships in this complex remain unclear. Therefore, to illuminate the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the diversification of these two lineages we investigated their population structure, phylogeographical and niche distribution patterns using plastid and nuclear microsatellites (plastid SSRs and nuSSRs, respectively). We obtained ten polymorphic nuSSRs from a microsatellite-enriched library and used six previously described plastid SSRs to genotype c. 300 samples. We conducted F-statistics, genetic distance and population structure analyses to test whether the subspecies presented distinct genotypic clusters. Putative phylogeographic breaks were also identified and tested. Finally, we developed distribution models to contrast genetic and environmental information. We found extensive genetic differentiation between the subspecies. Three significant breaks were identified, two of which coincide with geographical barriers. Niche modelling predictions indicated that C. criuva subsp. criuva potentially occupied a much wider area during the Last Glacial Maximum than it does today. These results indicate that both lineages are evolving independently because of limited gene flow and restriction to different environments, suggesting that they should again be elevated to species status. To clarify this issue, we recommend further phylogenetic and morphological studies. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia (IB) Universidade Estadual de Campinas Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética Universidade Estadual de Campinas Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Departamento de Botânica Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (Unesp) Agência Paulista de Tecnologia Dos Agronegócios Pólo Centro sul Instituto de Biociências Campus Do Litoral Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (Unesp) Curso de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal Do Triâgulo Mineiro Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Departamento de Botânica Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (Unesp) Instituto de Biociências Campus Do Litoral Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (Unesp)

The four new species described here occur in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Dichorisandra marantoides can be distinguished from other species of the genus by its chartaceous longitudinally ribbed leaves, flowers with five stamens and anthers opening introrsely by slits (being functionally poricidal). Dichorisandra bahiensis is similar to D. tejucensis due to the habit and leaf and flower morphology. However, the two species can be distinguished by the inflorescence, which in D. bahiensis is always positioned at the apex of the stems, perforating the sheath of the lowermost leaf of the lateral branch. Dichorisandra saxatilis resembles D. glaziovii by the morphology and color of anthers, but differs by presence of six stamens, the leaves regularly dispersed along the stem, their laminas glabrous on both sides, with the adaxial surface always green, never with white stripes. Dichorisandra leucosepala also can be distinguished from other species of the genus by white (rarely purplish at the apex), carnose sepals, six stamens with anthers opening by a single pore with purplish pollen sacs. Illustrations of the species, comparisons with similar species, discussions of diagnostic characters and conservation status of the new species are presented.

The apolar fractions components of fruit latex of twelve species of Clusia belonging to four different taxonomic sections were examined by GC-MS. The latex of Clusia is characterised by large amounts of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as major constituents like germacrene D: C. paralicola (44.28 %), C. criuva subsp. criuva (29.03 %); β-caryophyllene: C. fluminensis (35.61 %), C. lanceolata (36.39 %), C. hilariana (58.10 %); α-trans-bergamontene: C. spirictus-sanctensis (36.30 %); α-bulnesene: C. weddelliana (25.61 %); bicyclogermacrene: C. panapanari (25.93 %) and trans-β-farnesene: C. nemorosa (24.63 %), while C. grandiflora is composed of 42.16 % monoterpene hydrocarbons. Verbenone (31.91 %) was the major component. In contrast, C. rosea, C. grandiflora, C. lanceolata and C. criuva subsp. parviflora are rich in 3-methylcyclohexanone (19.56 %), hexadecanol (22.72 %), p-anisaldehyde (23.39 %) and octadecanol (26.81 %), respectively. This study suggests considerable chemical variation among the non-polar fractions of fruit latex of the twelve Clusia species.

August Weberbauer was a German botanist who worked for most of his life in Peru. Many species have been described based on specimens collected by him, which were mainly deposited in the Berlin herbarium (B). After the bombing of the Berlin herbarium during World War II, it was assumed that most of these types had been destroyed, duplicates rarely existed and neotypes had to be designated. However, during visits to Peruvian herbaria we rediscovered some overlooked duplicates of specimens of Clusiaceae. In the present paper, we designate lectotypes of ten names based on these Weberbauer collections and report additional duplicates found in the herbarium G. Some former incorrect typifications are corrected, and the problem of destroyed types in herbarium B, often known mainly from photos made by J. F. Macbride, is briefly discussed.Citation: Nascimento Jr J. E., Bittrich V. & Amaral M. C. E. 2019: Typification of names of Clusiaceae based on material collected by August Weberbauer in Peru. – Willdenowia 49: 193–196. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.49.49208Version of record first published online on 27 June 2019 ahead of inclusion in August 2019 issue.

Although a comprehensive taxonomic treatment of the genus Clusia in the Venezuelan Guayana was published 20 years ago, much taxonomic work remains to be done regarding the genus in the region, including description of new species. In this paper we describe and illustrate five new species of Clusia sect. Oedematopus (Clusia dickinsoniana, C. donramonii, C. peterstevensii, C. punctata and C. tetramera), which are characterized by their small flowers without resin or nectar secretion.

A revision of the nomenclature of Himatanthus (Apocynaceae) is presented as part of a taxonomic revision. Himatanthus as accepted here comprises nine Neotropical species. The infrageneric and infraspecific taxa proposed by Plumel and Muller, Woodson and Plumel, respectively, are not recognized. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: P. floribunda, P. floribunda var. crassipes, P. lancifolia, P. tarapotensis and P. warmingii. Neotypes are designated for H. rigidus, P. ambigua, P. latifolia and P. lancifolia var. microphylla. An examination of the types of both H. phagedaenicus and H. bracteatus showed that recently these names have been misapplied. Complete synonymies are provided for the nine recognized species of Himatanthus. Also, the new combination H. revolutus (Huber) Spina & Kinoshita is effected.

The chemical composition of the oil on the anthers of Symphonia globulifera L. f., in which the pollen grains are completely immersed, was investigated. An unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (methyl nervonate), very rare in plants, was found to be the only component of the oil. The possible ecological implications of the presence of this oil on the anthers of the ornithophilous flowers of Symphonia are discussed.

Neomarica brachypus (Baker) Sprague has never been typified, even though the species has been treated in several different taxonomic studies. Therefore, here we designate a lectotype for N. brachypus, and present a historical summary of the taxonomy of this neglected species.

Recent debates on the number of plant species in the vast lowland rain forests of the Amazon have been based largely on model estimates, neglecting published checklists based on verified voucher data. Here we collate taxonomically verified checklists to present a list of seed plant species from lowland Amazon rain forests. Our list comprises 14,003 species, of which 6,727 are trees. These figures are similar to estimates derived from nonparametric ecological models, but they contrast strongly with predictions of much higher tree diversity derived from parametric models. Based on the known proportion of tree species in neotropical lowland rain forest communities as measured in complete plot censuses, and on overall estimates of seed plant diversity in Brazil and in the neotropics in general, it is more likely that tree diversity in the Amazon is closer to the lower estimates derived from nonparametric models. Much remains unknown about Amazonian plant diversity, but this taxonomically verified dataset provides a valid starting point for macroecological and evolutionary studies aimed at understanding the origin, evolution, and ecology of the exceptional biodiversity of Amazonian forests., Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira, supporting the Flora do Brasil 2020 project; Programa de Apoio a Pesquisadores Emergentes da Universidade Federal da Bahia and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (process 23038.009148/2013-19, to D.C.); the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (E-26/203.269/2016–JCNE and E-26/010.000990/2016–APq1, to M.T.); the National Science Foundation (Grant DEB-0316614, to S.K. and L.L.G. and Grant DEB- 0818399, to F.A.M. and R.G.); the British Council [Researcher Link 127407379 and the Royal Society of London (International Exchange IE140292, to T.S.)]; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2015/50488-5, to D.C. and L.P.d.Q); and the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/N012488/1; to T.S. and P.M.).

Kielmeyera coriacea is one of the most characteristic entities of the Cerrado, a savanna vegetation of Central Brazil and it is a morphologically highly variable polyploid species. In the revision of the genus, an earlier variety was elevated to a related species. However, this proposal has not been accepted by the scientific community and the problematic taxonomic circumscription of the group raises doubts about various scientific studies on plants identified as K. coriacea. In the present study, we investigated the subject by a population genetics approach using eight microsatellite markers in an attempt to understand better the relationships between the proposed species. Like morphological and anatomical observations, molecular studies of highly polymorphic markers showed a great similarity between K. coriacea and K. grandiflora. However, this tool could effectively screen the boundaries of the species complex and, in addition, detect an introgressive hybridization process.