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In the last decade, researchers from around the world have shown deep interest in using photovoice as a method of analysis in scientific research. This might be due to the participatory strength of the method that acts as a bridge to connect researcher and community by balancing scientific research and mitigating action. The purpose of this research is to synthesize the available research on the photovoice method using the Scientometric method. This article explores the research landscape, key topics, and developments of the photovoice method based on the 1252 document data retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection dated from 1997 to 2019. The results show that the interest in using this method is significantly high in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom as they are the major leaders in publication contributions. A Scientometric analysis for Document co-citation analysis was applied and 15 research clusters were identified. This paper reviews the main characteristics of 6 most important clusters and their contribution to the photovoice method. The outcome of this study contributes to academia, industry practitioners and policymakers by providing an understanding of overall trends, status, and potential research questions of study in this domain.

Peer reviewed: True, Perceptions of, and attitudes toward, wildlife are influenced by exposure to, and direct experiences with, nature. Butterflies are a conspicuous and ubiquitous component of urban nature across megacities that are highly urbanized with little opportunity for human-nature interactions. We evaluated public familiarity with, perceptions of and attitudes toward butterflies across nine megacities in East and Southeast Asia through face-to-face interviews with 1774 urban park users. A total of 79% of respondents had seen butterflies in their cities mostly in urban parks, indicating widespread familiarity with butterflies. Those who had seen butterflies also had higher perceptions of butterflies, whereas greater than 50% of respondents had positive attitudes toward butterflies. Frequent visits to natural places in urban neighbourhoods was associated with (i) sightings of caterpillars, indicating increased familiarity with urban wildlife, and (ii) increased connectedness to nature. We found two significant positive relationships: (i) between connectedness to nature and attitudes toward butterflies and (ii) between connectedness to nature and perceptions of butterflies, firmly linking parks users' thoughts and feelings about butterflies with their view of nature. This suggests that butterflies in urban parks can play a key role in building connectedness to nature and consequently pro-environmental behaviours and support for wildlife conservation among urban residents.

Urbanization has resulted in the loss of natural habitat for many bat species, often placing bats in close proximity to humans. Bats are generally perceived as agricultural and medical pest...

As global trends in Marine Protected Area (MPA) management shift towards participatory co-governance, the importance of effective stakeholder engagement in its implementation stages warrant greater emphasis. This case study highlights key lessons learned from the employment of a mixture of focus group discussions (FGDs), interviews and reconnaissance surveys in a preliminary study-site visit to Tun Mustapha Park (TMP), Sabah, Malaysia, where our research team is undertaking a 4-year research and capacity-building project. We found that trust building, understanding the local culture and politics, and recognition of complex stakeholder dynamics were key elements to successful engagement, while identifying key decision-makers for follow-ups were crucial for on-going engagement. This paper presents insights into the types of information collected by our team, which would be useful among conservation practitioners who will be conducting similar engagement work in the future.

Despite extensive documentation of the ecological and economic importance of Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) and the many threats they face from humans, negative attitudes towards pteropodids have persisted, fuelled by perceptions of bats as being pests and undesirable neighbours. Such long-term negativity towards bats is now further exacerbated by more recent disease-related concerns, particularly associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic. There remains an urgent need to investigate and highlight the positive and beneficial aspects of bats across the Old World. While previous reviews have summarised these extensively, numerous new studies conducted over the last 36 years have provided further valuable data and insights which warrant an updated review. Here we synthesise research on pteropodid-plant interactions, comprising diet, ecological roles, and ecosystem services, conducted during 1985-2020. We uncovered a total of 311 studies covering 75 out of the known 201 pteropodid species (37%), conducted in 47 countries. The majority of studies documented diet (52% of all studies;67 pteropodid species), followed by foraging movement (49%;50 pteropodid species), with fewer studies directly investigating the roles played by pteropodids in seed dispersal (24%;41 pteropodid species), pollination (14%;19 pteropodid species), and conflict with fruit growers (12%;11 pteropodid species). Pteropodids were recorded feeding on 1072 plant species from 493 genera and 148 families, with fruits comprising the majority of plant parts consumed, followed by flowers/nectar/pollen, leaves, and other miscellaneous parts. Sixteen pteropodid species have been confirmed to act as pollinators for a total of 21 plant species, and 29 pteropodid species have been confirmed to act as seed dispersers for a total of 311 plant species. Anthropogenic threats disrupting bat-plant interactions in the Old World include hunting, direct persecution, habitat loss/disturbance, invasive species, and climate change, leading to ecosystem-level repercussions. We identify notable research gaps and important research priorities to support conservation action for pteropodids. © Copyright © 2021 Aziz, McConkey, Tanalgo, Sritongchuay, Low, Yong, Mildenstein, Nuevo-Diego, Lim and Racey.

Protected areas in Malaysia have always been managed using top-down approach that often exclude the local communities, who are the main users of ecosystem services, from the planning and management. However, a newly established multiple-use marine park in Malaysia, Tun Mustapha Park (TMP), aims for inclusivity in managing the park. This research explores different participatory approaches (i.e. participatory mapping and Photovoice) to understand the ecosystem services and the dynamics surrounding the services in TMP. Community-based organisations and a mariculture farm in TMP were invited to participate in this work. The participants mapped the ecosystem services and provided in-depth qualitative data that supported the maps, besides highlighting ecological, sociocultural and economic issues surrounding the ecosystem services. Furthermore, the participants provided suggestions and recommendations that carry political effects. Therefore, the participatory approaches employed here had provided rich visual and spatial data to enhance the ecosystem-based management of TMP besides empowering the participants to voice out for their communities. The results generated from this work were also further utilised to fill in the gaps of knowledge in a separate ecosystem service assessment matrix. However, the output from participatory approaches should not be considered as the ultimate outcome but rather as supplement to the planning and management of TMP due to potential human errors and biases. Although the participatory approaches came with limitations and challenges that may have affected the findings here, these nonetheless had provided support to the capability of local communities to provide information crucial for management of protected areas as well as room for improvement for further work.

Nocturnal birds in the tropics remain little studied primarily due to the logistical difficulties of surveying these birds at night. While call playback has been widely employed in the temperate regions, its practicality has not been adequately demonstrated on tropical owl species. This study aimed to test the feasibility of estimating the density of the Sunda scops-owl (Otus lempiji) in a lowland forest in Peninsular Malaysia based on call playback and distance sampling. From a total of 58 detections of the owl species from October 2012 to May 2013, 72.41% (42 detections) were made when the birds were breeding. The densities of the owl were estimated at 1.6 individuals and 2.6 individuals per 10 ha based on spontaneous and provoked calls (i.e. before and after call playback), respectively. Broadcasting of the calls significantly increased the numbers of detections (χ2 = 16.038, p

Ecosystem service assessments are increasingly used to support natural resource management, but there is a bias in their application towards terrestrial systems and higher income countries. Tropical marine applications are particularly scarce, especially in SE Asia. Given the growing coastal population and expansion in blue economy sectors in SE Asia, evidence to support effective marine planning, such as ecosystem service assessments, is urgently needed. Data deficiencies for marine systems, especially (but not only) in lower income countries is a significant obstacle for ecosystem service assessments. To overcome this, we develop an ecosystem service potential matrix which combines evidence taken from an extensive literature review together with expert opinion. The matrix includes both natural and modified habitats as the service providing units. The ecosystem service potential for habitats are scored at the macro level (e.g. mangrove) due to insufficient evidence to score micro-habitats (e.g. fringe, basin or riverine mangroves). The majority of evidence is available for biogenic habitats (mangroves, coral reefs and seagrass meadows) with comparatively little for sedimentary habitats. While provisioning, regulating and cultural services are scored, published evidence is more readily available for provisioning and regulating services. Confidence scores, indicating the uncertainty in the ecosystem service potential scores are included in the matrix. To our knowledge this is the first attempt to systematically capture the provision of ecosystem services from tropical marine habitats. Although initially developed for four marine biosphere reserves and protected areas in SE Asia, the generic nature of the evidence included suggests that the matrix constitutes a valuable baseline for marine ecosystem service assessments within SE Asia and provides a robust foundation for development in future work.

The expansion of cities and agricultural plantations have unpredictable impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet some species are capable of tolerating anthropogenic impacts and continue to provide ecological services in highly disturbed landscapes. The objective of this study was to use DNA barcoding to identify digested plant materials and seeds in the faeces of frugivorous bats (Cynopterus brachyotis) and investigate whether (1) C. brachyotis in urban and agricultural areas exploit cultivated and exotic plants as a novel food resource and as a consequence, potentially facilitate the invasion of cultivated and exotic plants, or whether (2) C. brachyotis exploit native plants and as a consequence, potentially promote forest regeneration. A native species, Ficus fistulosa, was the most frequently detected plant and the seeds were found in bat faeces from all sampling sites suggesting the potential of fruit bats in dispersing seeds. However, we also detected several exotic plants in the faeces of C. brachyotis which suggests that the fruit bats exploit novel food resources at all sites. We recorded a diverse diet of C. brachyotis at an oil palm plantation which indicated that the fruit bats are not predominantly feeding on oil palm fruits. By using DNA barcoding, we detected plants that have not been reported in previous studies of the diet of C. brachyotis, although we could not identify which part of the plant was being consumed by the fruit bats. Given the varied diet of C. brachyotis, the potential of this bat to adapt to changing landscapes is high and they are likely dispersing seeds of native pioneer plants (Ficus).

Background. Intense landscaping often alters the plant composition in urban areas. Knowing which plant species that pollinators are visiting in urban areas is necessary for understanding how landscaping impacts biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. The cave nectar bat, Eonycteris spelaea, is an important pollinator for many plants and is often recorded in human-dominated habitats. Previous studies of the diet of E. spelaea relied on morphological identification of pollen grains found in faeces and on the body of bats and by necessity disregarded other forms of digested plant material present in the faeces (i.e., plant juice and remnants). The main objective of this study was to examine the diet of the nectarivorous bat, E. spelaea, roosting in an urban cave at Batu Caves, Peninsular Malaysia by identifying the plant material present in the faeces of bats using DNA metabarcoding. Methods. Faeces were collected under the roost of E. spelaea once a week from December 2015 to March 2016. Plant DNA was extracted from the faeces, PCR amplified at ITS2 and rbcL regions and mass sequenced. The resultant plant OTU were searched against NCBI GenBank for identification. Results. A total of 55 species of plants were detected from faeces of E. spelaea including Artocarpus heterophyllus, Duabanga grandiflora and Musa spp. which are likely to be important food resources for the cave nectar bat. Discussion. Many native plant species that had not been reported in previous dietary studies of E. spelaea were detected in this study including Bauhinia strychnoidea and Urophyllum leucophlaeum, suggesting that E. spelaea remains a crucial pollinator for these plants even in highly disturbed habitats. The detection of many introduced plant species in the bat faeces indicates that E. spelaea are exploiting them, particularly Xanthostemon chrysanthus, as food resources in urban area. Commercial food crops were detected from all of the faecal samples, suggesting that E. spelaea feed predominantly on the crops particularly jackfruit and banana and play a significant role in pollination of economically important plants. Ferns and figs were also detected in the faeces of E. spelaea suggesting future research avenues to determine whether the “specialised nectarivorous” E. spelaea feed opportunistically on other parts of plants.

Hipposiderosbicolor [Temminck, 1834] Rhinolophus bicolor Temminck, 1834: 19. pl. 1; Anjer Coast, Northwestern Java, INDONE- SIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [116]. Hipposiderosbicolor [8]. Hipposideros bicolor 131 [16]. Common English name: Bicolored Roundleaf Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAC 0447 (2 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia) and BOLD: AAD 3329 (6 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia). The two BINs showed more than 3% of divergence in COI mtDNA (Fig 4). IUCN status: Least concern Recorded at: The species has been recorded under several names. As H. bicolor 131: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11], Bukit Ibam, Kemasul, Jengka, Klau Besar, Kenong and Gunung Aais [100]; Perak: Royal Belum State Park [66], Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [100, 101]; Melaka: Unspecified [68]; Selangor: Semangkok Forest Reserve [101], Ulu Gombak [5, 101]; Terengganu: Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve [101], Pasir Raja, Dungun [15]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve (BM454-04 and BM455-04 [4], Berembun Forest Reserve [101], Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve, [100, 101]; Johor: Endau Rompin National Park (ABRSS332- 06, ABRSS333-06, ABRSS379-06, and BM423-04 [4]), Gunung Panti and Labis Forest Reserve [100]; Kelantan: Gunung Stong State Park [100]; Pulau Pinang: Bukit Panchor [100]; Kedah: Bukit Hijau and Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [100]. As H. bicolor (could be either H. bicolor or H. atrox): Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [111]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Lojing Highlands [62]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]; Pahang: Lata Bujang Forest Reserve and Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [56]; Johor: Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [56]. The H. bicolor species complex has been recorded in a wide range of habitats (i.e. primary and secondary lowland forests, cultivated areas including rubber plantations, and near limestone areas) [11, 14, 17]. Individuals have been reported roosting in caves, tunnels and rock crevices with other Hipposideros species [23, 17]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 20, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["116. Temminck CJ. Over een geslack der vleugelhandige zoogdieren. Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie. 1834; 1: 1 - 30.","8. Chasen FN. A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum; 1940.","16. Kingston T, Lara MC, Jones G, Akbar Z, Kunz TH, Schneider CJ. Acoustic divergence in two cryptic H ipposideros species: a role for social selection? Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2001; 268 (1474): 1381 - 6.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","66. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Zalipah MN, Nurul-Ain E, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Surveys of small mammals at selected sites in Royal Belum State Park. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors). Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 299 - 308.","101. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Rahman KA. Spatial effects of virgin jungle reserves (VJR) on the community of insectivorous bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2013; 25 (1): 118 - 130.","68. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Nor-Zalipah M, Kaviarasu M, Pan KA, Yusof MO, et al. Surveys of bats at selected sites in Melaka Forest Reserves, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Muhamad A, Yusof WKW, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 1 - 2 April 2009 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2009. pp. 265 - 270.","5. Sing KW, Syaripuddin K, Wilson JJ. Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the Field Study Centre in 1965. Raffles Bull Zool S. 2013; 29: 211 - 217.","15. Wilson JJ, Sing KW, Halim MR, Ramli R, Hashim R, Sofian-Azirun M. Utility of DNA barcoding for rapid and accurate assessment of bat diversity in Malaysia in the absence of formally described species. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13 (1): 920 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.4238 / 2014. February. 19.2 PMID: 24634112","4. Francis CM, Borisenko AV, Ivanova NV, Eger JL, Lim BK, Guillen-Servent A, et al. The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one. 2010 Sep 3. 5 (9): e 12575. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0012575 PMID: 20838635","111. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Salim HMW, Abdul-Rahman K, Harrison RD, Potts MD. Insectivorous bat assemblage in the hill dipterocarp forest of Temengor Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2011; 63 (3): 569 - 576.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","17. Douangboubpha B, Bumrungsri S, Soisook P, Satasook C, Thomas NM, Bates PJ. A taxonomic review of the Hipposideros bicolor species complex and H. pomona (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Thailand. Acta. Chiropt. 2010; 12 (2): 415 - 438.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969."]}

Cynopterus cf. brachyotis SUNDA. Pachysomabrachyotis Müller, 1838: 146. DeweiRiver, central Kalimantan, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [63]. Cynopterusbrachyotis [23]. Cynopterus cf. brachyotis SUNDA [64] Common English name: Sunda Short-nosed Fruit Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAA 9800 (20 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 2) Remarks: Campbell et al. [64] reported two distinct species under C. brachyotis sensu lato with a mean divergence of 8.3% in mtDNA (combined control region and cytochrome b) between them. The two species are commonly annotated as C. cf. brachyotis SUNDA and C. cf. brachyotis FOREST (Fig 2). The SUNDA species is larger than the FOREST species with a longer forearm (> 64 mm) and is abundant in highly disturbed habitat (e.g. agricultural and suburban areas) but is absent in mature forests [11, 14, 64, 65]. It is unclear which species represents C. brachyotis sensu stricto despite the cryptic taxa being widely acknowledged (N Simmons, personal communication). Medway [23] recognised three subspecies of C. brachyotis in Peninsular Malaysia: (i) C. b. brachyotis found in lowlands and islands in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia, including Perak, and with a forearm length: 57–68 mm and an ear length: 14.5–18.5 mm; (ii) C. b. angulatus which intergrades with the nominal subspecies at the northern range and has a forearm length: 68–72 mm and an ear length: 18–22 mm; and (iii) C. b. altitudinus foundin the central highlands above 3, 000 ft from Gunung Brinchang, Pahang to Gunung Bunga Buah, Selangor, and with a forearm length: 60– 68 mm and an ear length: 18–21 mm. Athorough examination of all relevant types in this genus is required in order to correctly attribute currently existing Linnaean names. IUCN status: As C. brachyotis: Least Concern Recorded at: These records refer to C. brachyotis sensu lato, so may represent “SUNDA” or “FOREST”. Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 41, 42], Pulau Tioman [23, 64], Merapoh [40], Tasik Chini [43], Kuala Atok National Park [44], Gunung Brinchang [52], Lata Bujang Forest Reserve and Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [56], Cameron Highland [60], Kuala Lipis and Cherating [64]; Kedah: Pulau Langkawi [23], Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Pulau Pinang: Pulau Pinang [23]; Perak: Pulau Pangkor [23, 64], Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47], Royal Belum State Park [48, 66], Bayor River-Rantau Panjang and Selama [49], Taping [64]; Terengganu: Pulau Redang [23], Pulau Perhentian [64]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [45]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Gunung Reng, Gua Musang, and Lojing Highlands [62], Gunung Stong State Park [67]; Selangor: Ulu Gombak [5, 40, 52 – 54], Bukit Kemandul and Bukit Lanjan [40], Bangi Forest Reserve [41], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Gunung Bunga Buah [52], Air Hitam Forest Reserve [55], Sungai Dusun [64]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50], Perlis State Park and Kangar [64]; Johor: Endau-Kluang Forest Reserve and Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [56]; Melaka: Melaka town [64]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["63. Muller S. Over eenige nieuwe zoogdieren van Borneo. Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie. 1838; 5: 134 - 150.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","65. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Zubaid A, Adnan AM, Kunz TH. Morphological and ecological correlates of coexistence in Malaysian fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). J Mamma. 2007 Feb 28; 88 (1): 105 - 18.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","42. Anan S, Rashdi AM, Abdul J, Lim BL. A survey of small mammals at Sungai Chenderoh, Perlok, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1998; 16: 104 - 109.","40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16.","43. Lim BL, Hussein NA, Ratnam L. A study of the vertebrate fauna in the Tasek Chini Nature Reserve, Pahang in relation to land use. Mal Nat J. 1999; 53 (3): 217 - 238.","44. Tingga RCT, Khan FA, Ridwan AM, Senawi J, Abdullah MT. Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia. Sains Malays. 2012; 41 (6): 659 - 669.","52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","60. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Shukor MN, Zalipah MN, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Survey of small mammals at two forest reserves in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 293 - 298.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013.","48. Tamrin NAM, Rahman MRA, Daud MHRM, Hassan N, Abdullah MT. A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia. In: Yasak MN, Nor SM, Illias R, Kamil SKSM, Mohamad MRB, Sitam FAT, editors. Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar 2008, 7 - 14 December 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2010. pp. 27 - 35.","66. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Zalipah MN, Nurul-Ain E, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Surveys of small mammals at selected sites in Royal Belum State Park. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors). Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 299 - 308.","49. Shafie NJ, Sah SA, Latip NA, Azman NM, Khairuddin NL. Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2011; 22: 13 - 22.","45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","67. Jayaraj VK, Tahir NF, Udin NA, Baharin NF, Ismail SK, Zakaria SN. Species diversity of small mammals at Gunung Stong State Park, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Threat Taxa. 2012; 4 (6): 2617 - 2628.","5. Sing KW, Syaripuddin K, Wilson JJ. Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the Field Study Centre in 1965. Raffles Bull Zool S. 2013; 29: 211 - 217.","54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","55. Azlan JM, Sharma RS, Zakaria M. Species diversity and relative abundance of understorey bats at Air Hitam forest reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2000; 54 (1): 69 - 75.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48."]}

Taphozous longimanus Hardwicke, 1825 Taphozous longimanus Hardwicke, 1825: 525; Calcutta, Bengal, INDIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [96]. Common English name: Long-winged Tomb Bat Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as T. longimanus are associated with the BIN, BOLD:AAH9837, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Unspecified locations in Selangor, Perak, and Pahang [23]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Johor: Endau-Rompin [23]; Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve (2 DWNP specimens caught in year 2017). T. longimanus roosts in buildings, caves, tree hollows, crowns of palm trees, and among rocks [14, 23]. The latest DWNP specimens were caught in crowns of coconut tree, approximately 3 meters tall (VC Lim, personal observation)., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 14, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["96. Hardwicke T. Description of a new species of tailed bat (Taphozous) found in Calcutta. Transactions Linn Soc Lond. 1825; 14: 525 - 526.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Rhinolophus trifoliatus Temminck, 1834 Rhinolophus trifoliatus Temminck, 1834: 24, pl. 1 (and 1835: 27, pl. 31); Bantam, west Java, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; NMNL 35194) [116]. Common English name: Trefoil Horseshoe Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD:AAB6408 (10 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 5) IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 41, 42], Tasik Chini [43], Kuala Atok, National Park [44], Tasek Bera Forest Reserve, Lata Bujang Forest Reserve and Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [56], Gunung Tahan [92], Bukit Ibam, Kemasul, Jengka, Klau Besar and Gunung Aais [100]; Selangor: Ulu Gombak [40, 54, 101], Bangi Forest Reserve [41], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Air Hitam Forest Reserve [55], Sungai Dusun Forest Reserve [56], Semangkok Forest Reserve [101]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [45], Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve [100, 101], Berembun Forest Reserve [101]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47, 111], Royal Belum State Park [48, 66], Temenggor Lake [69], Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [100, 101]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]; Johor: Endau-Kluang Forest Reserve and Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [56], Gunung Panti and Labis Forest Reserve [100]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57, 100]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61]; Melaka: Sungai Udang Forest Reserve [68]; Terengganu: Tasik Kenyir [69], Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve [101]; Pulau Pinang: Bukit Panchor [100]. R. trifoliatus roosts solitarily under leaves of palms, rattan and small trees, and has been recorded in mangroves, and primary and secondary forests at all elevations [11, 14, 23]. Family: Vespertilionidae (subfamily: Kerivoulinae), Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["116. Temminck CJ. Over een geslack der vleugelhandige zoogdieren. Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie. 1834; 1: 1 - 30.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","42. Anan S, Rashdi AM, Abdul J, Lim BL. A survey of small mammals at Sungai Chenderoh, Perlok, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1998; 16: 104 - 109.","43. Lim BL, Hussein NA, Ratnam L. A study of the vertebrate fauna in the Tasek Chini Nature Reserve, Pahang in relation to land use. Mal Nat J. 1999; 53 (3): 217 - 238.","44. Tingga RCT, Khan FA, Ridwan AM, Senawi J, Abdullah MT. Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia. Sains Malays. 2012; 41 (6): 659 - 669.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","92. Bonhote JL. Report on the mammals [Gunong Tahan Expedition]. J. Fed. Mal. St. Mus. 1908; 3: 1 - 11.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16.","54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76.","101. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Rahman KA. Spatial effects of virgin jungle reserves (VJR) on the community of insectivorous bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2013; 25 (1): 118 - 130.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","55. Azlan JM, Sharma RS, Zakaria M. Species diversity and relative abundance of understorey bats at Air Hitam forest reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2000; 54 (1): 69 - 75.","45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013.","111. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Salim HMW, Abdul-Rahman K, Harrison RD, Potts MD. Insectivorous bat assemblage in the hill dipterocarp forest of Temengor Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2011; 63 (3): 569 - 576.","48. Tamrin NAM, Rahman MRA, Daud MHRM, Hassan N, Abdullah MT. A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia. In: Yasak MN, Nor SM, Illias R, Kamil SKSM, Mohamad MRB, Sitam FAT, editors. Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar 2008, 7 - 14 December 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2010. pp. 27 - 35.","66. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Zalipah MN, Nurul-Ain E, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Surveys of small mammals at selected sites in Royal Belum State Park. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors). Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 299 - 308.","69. Syaripuddin K, Kumar A, Sing KW, Halim MR, Nursyereen MN, Wilson JJ. Mercury accumulation in bats near hydroelectric reservoirs in Peninsular Malaysia. Ecotoxicology. 2014; 23 (7): 1164 - 1171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10646 - 014 - 1258 - y PMID: 24840106","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","68. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Nor-Zalipah M, Kaviarasu M, Pan KA, Yusof MO, et al. Surveys of bats at selected sites in Melaka Forest Reserves, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Muhamad A, Yusof WKW, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 1 - 2 April 2009 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2009. pp. 265 - 270.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969."]}

Hipposideros cineraceus Blyth, 1853 Hipposideros cineraceus Blyth, 1853: 410; near Pind Dadan Khan, Salt Range, Punjab, PAKI- STAN (W. Theobold, Esq., collector; Type unknown) [126]. Common English name: Ashy Roundleaf Bat Barcode Index Number: A DNA barcode (BM 460-04) recorded as H. cf. cineraceus was collected in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia and associated with the BIN, BOLD: AAI 8259 (Fig 4). Remarks: Murray et al. [125] reported two forms of H. cineraceus sensu lato from Peninsular Malaysia. Aspecimen from Perak, Peninsular Malaysia had a large forearm (42.9 mm), echolocated at 152 kHz and showed a high divergence (9.2–15.1%) in ND2 mtDNA from other specimens; while a smaller specimen from Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia (forearm = 39.3 mm) echolocated at 144 kHz and showed 10.4–12.2% divergence in ND2 mtDNA. This is congruent with Khan et al. [32] who discovered an average divergence of 8.7% in cytochrome b mtDNA among specimens of H. cineraceus sensu lato from Krau Wildlife Reserve. Four BINs are associated with DNA barcodes named as H. cineraceus on BOLD (Fig 4). Our NJ analysis (Fig 4) did not cluster the DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo (BOLD:AAI8259) with other DNA barcodes of H. cineraceus from Vietnam, Laos and Borneo but clustered the barcodes more closely to H. atrox (BOLD:ACE5015 and BOLD: ACE6229) from Peninsular Malaysia instead. According to Kingston et al. [11], H. cineraceus resembles H. bicolor / atrox closely but is distinct with a smaller body size and a slightly raised bump at the internarial septum. In addition, the average echolocation frequency for H. cineraceus is 144 kHz and for H. atrox is 142 kHz. Further analyses including more specimens from across the region are required to examine the status of the bats recorded as H. cineraceus in Peninsular Malaysia. Consequently, we tentatively retained the name in this checklist. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11], Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [56], Jengka [100]; Kedah: Pulau Langkawi [23], Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Selangor: Ampang [23], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Ulu Gombak [52]; Johor: Pulau Pisang [23], Labis Forest Reserve [100]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [46 – 48], Royal Belum State Park [48]; Kelantan: Gunung Reng and Gua Musang [62], Gunung Stong State Park [100]; Melaka: Unspecified [68]; Terengganu: Bukit Dendong [97]. H. cineraceus roosts in caves or similar structures such as culverts, often with other Hipposideros species [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 22, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["126. Blyth E. Report of curator, Zoological Department. Journal Asiat Soc Bengal. 1853; 22: 408 - 417.","125. Murray SW, Campbell P, Kingston T, Zubaid A, Francis CM, Kunz TH. Molecular phylogeny of hipposiderid bats from Southeast Asia and evidence of cryptic diversity. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2012; 62 (2): 597 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.10.021 PMID: 22079552","32. Khan FAA, Vicki J, Solari S, Peter A, Ketol B, Marni W, et al. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus. 2008; Number 281.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","48. Tamrin NAM, Rahman MRA, Daud MHRM, Hassan N, Abdullah MT. A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia. In: Yasak MN, Nor SM, Illias R, Kamil SKSM, Mohamad MRB, Sitam FAT, editors. Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar 2008, 7 - 14 December 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2010. pp. 27 - 35.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","68. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Nor-Zalipah M, Kaviarasu M, Pan KA, Yusof MO, et al. Surveys of bats at selected sites in Melaka Forest Reserves, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Muhamad A, Yusof WKW, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 1 - 2 April 2009 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2009. pp. 265 - 270.","97. Yeap CA. A brief survey of Microchiropterans at Bukit Dendong and Bukit Keluang, Tembila, Terengganu Darul Iman. Mal Nat J. 2003; 56 (4): 397 - 401.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Hipposideros atrox Andersen, 1918 Hipposideros gentilis atrox Andersen, 1918: 381; Semangko Gap, Selangor, MALAYSIA, 2800 ft (A. L. Butler, Esq., presenter; BM(NH) 1901.3.9.4) [117]. Hipposideros bicolor atrox [118]. Hipposideros bicolor 142 [16]. Hipposideros atrox [17]. Common English name: Lesser Bicoloured Roundleaf Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: ACE 5015 (2 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia) and BOLD: ACE 6229 (11 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia). The two BINs showed less than 2% of divergence in COI mtDNA (Fig 4). IUCN status: Not Evaluated but Least Concern as H. bicolor: Recorded at: As H. cf. bicolor: Perlis: Perlis State Park (ABBSI006-04 and ABBSI007-04 [4]); Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve (ABBSI011-04, ABBSI015-04 [4]), Kuala Lompat (BM452-04 [4]), Kuala Lipis (ABBSI012-04 [4]), and Bukit Sagu-Kuantan (ABBSI009-04 [4]); Kelantan: Dabong (ABBSI010-04 [4]); Selangor: Ampang (ABBSI013-04 [4]); Perak: Gunung Gajah-Ipoh (ABBSI014-04 [4]); Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve (BM453-04 [4]). As H. bicolor 142: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11], Bukit Ibam, Jengka, Klau Besar, and Kenong [100]; Selangor: Semangkok Forest Reserve [101], Ulu Gombak [5, 101]; Terengganu: Pasir Raja, Dungun [15], Tasik Kenyir [69], Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve [101]; Negeri Sembilan: Berembun Forest Reserve [101], Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve [100, 101]; Perak: Temenggor Lake [69], Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [100]; Kelantan: Gunung Stong State Park [100]; Pulau Pinang: Bukit Panchor [100]; Kedah: Bukit Hijau [100]. Also see records of H. bicolor sensu lato above. Roosting colonies of H. atrox vary from a few to hundreds of individuals [17]. The species has a wide range of habitat: limestone caves, hill and lowland primary forests, secondary forests, and even highly disturbed areas including plantations and human residences [11, 14, 23, 17]. Individuals have been reported roosting with other Hipposideros species [17]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 21, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["117. Andersen K. Diagnoses of new bats of the families Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae. Annals Mag Nat Hist. 1918; 2: 374 - 384.","118. Hill JE, Zubaid A, Davison GWH. The taxonomy of leaf-nosed bats of the Hipposideros bicolor group (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from southeastern Asia. Mammalia. 1986; 50 (4): 535 - 540.","16. Kingston T, Lara MC, Jones G, Akbar Z, Kunz TH, Schneider CJ. Acoustic divergence in two cryptic H ipposideros species: a role for social selection? Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2001; 268 (1474): 1381 - 6.","17. Douangboubpha B, Bumrungsri S, Soisook P, Satasook C, Thomas NM, Bates PJ. A taxonomic review of the Hipposideros bicolor species complex and H. pomona (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Thailand. Acta. Chiropt. 2010; 12 (2): 415 - 438.","4. Francis CM, Borisenko AV, Ivanova NV, Eger JL, Lim BK, Guillen-Servent A, et al. The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one. 2010 Sep 3. 5 (9): e 12575. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0012575 PMID: 20838635","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","101. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Rahman KA. Spatial effects of virgin jungle reserves (VJR) on the community of insectivorous bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2013; 25 (1): 118 - 130.","5. Sing KW, Syaripuddin K, Wilson JJ. Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the Field Study Centre in 1965. Raffles Bull Zool S. 2013; 29: 211 - 217.","15. Wilson JJ, Sing KW, Halim MR, Ramli R, Hashim R, Sofian-Azirun M. Utility of DNA barcoding for rapid and accurate assessment of bat diversity in Malaysia in the absence of formally described species. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13 (1): 920 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.4238 / 2014. February. 19.2 PMID: 24634112","69. Syaripuddin K, Kumar A, Sing KW, Halim MR, Nursyereen MN, Wilson JJ. Mercury accumulation in bats near hydroelectric reservoirs in Peninsular Malaysia. Ecotoxicology. 2014; 23 (7): 1164 - 1171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10646 - 014 - 1258 - y PMID: 24840106","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969."]}

Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821 Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821: 72; INDIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [210]. Scotophilus teminckii [23]. Scotophilus kuhlii teminckii [9]. Common English name: Lesser Asian House Bat Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as S. kulii are associated with the BIN, BOLD: AAC 0094, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. Remarks: Medway [23] reported S. teminckii from Peninsular Malaysia but Corbet and Hill [9] considered S. teminckii to be a synonym of S. kuhlii. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11]; Selangor: Bukit Kemandul [40], Bangi Forest Reserve [41], Ulu Gombak [54], Air Hitam Forest Reserve [55]; Perak: Selama [49]; Kelantan: Gunung Reng [62]; Melaka: Sungai Udang Forest Reserve [68]. S. kuhlii is associated with humans and often sighted hunting insects at lamp posts in urban areas [11]. The species roosts in large colonies, often under the roofs of buildings, under the fronds of palms, in hollowed dead trees in forests, and in hollowed old rubber trees in rubber plantations [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 50, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["210. Leach WE. The characters of three new genera of bats without foliaceous appendages to the nose (pp. 69 - 72); The characters of seven genera of bats with foliaceous appendages to the nose (pp. 73 - 82). Transactions Linn Soc Lond. 1821; 13: 69 - 82.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76.","55. Azlan JM, Sharma RS, Zakaria M. Species diversity and relative abundance of understorey bats at Air Hitam forest reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2000; 54 (1): 69 - 75.","49. Shafie NJ, Sah SA, Latip NA, Azman NM, Khairuddin NL. Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2011; 22: 13 - 22.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","68. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Nor-Zalipah M, Kaviarasu M, Pan KA, Yusof MO, et al. Surveys of bats at selected sites in Melaka Forest Reserves, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Muhamad A, Yusof WKW, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 1 - 2 April 2009 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2009. pp. 265 - 270.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Rhinolophus borneensis Peters, 1861 Rhinolophus borneensis Peters, 1861: 709; Labuan island, north Borneo, MALAYSIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [149]. Rhinolophus chaseni Sanborn, 1939: 38; Pulo Condore = Con Son Island, south VIETNAM (C. B. Kloss, collector; BM(NH) 21.10.8.3) [150]. Rhinolophus borneensis chaseni [9]. Common English name: Bornean Horseshoe Bat Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes of R. borneensis are associated with a BIN, BOLD: AAC 3741, but there are no barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. DNA barcodes recorded as R. chaseni are not from Peninsular Malaysia and are associated with a BIN, BOLD:AAB4878, which also contains a single DNA barcode of R. shameli (ABRVN 329-06). Remarks: R. chaseni was previously recognised as a subspecies of R. borneensis ( R. b. chaseni ) [9] occurring in Peninsular Malaysia while the the nominal subspecies R. b. borneensis occurred in Borneo [151]. However, Francis et al. [4] reported that DNA barcodes (COI mtDNA) of R. borneensis and R. chaseni did not cluster together as conspecific (see Fig 3 in [4]). Likewise, Kruskop [152] reported “about” 13% divergence in COI mtDNA between R. chaseni from Vietnam and R. borneensis from Borneo. However, due to the lack of any DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia we could not further clarify the status of “ R. borneensis” in Peninsular Malaysia. Consequently, we tentatively retained the name R. borneensis in this checklist pending further research. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Pulau Tioman [79]; Perlis: Wang Pinang [153]. According to Khan et al. [32], R. borneensis is likely to be very rare in Peninsular Malaysia., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 30, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["149. Peters W. Uber die von Hrn F. Jagor bisher auf Malacca, Borneo, Java und den Philippinen gesammelten Saugethiere aus den Ordnungen der Halbaffen, Pelzflatterer und Flederthiere. Monatsberichte Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1861; 6: 706 - 712.","150. Sanborn CC. Eight new bats of the genus Rhinolophus. Publications Field Mus. Nat Hist Zool. 1939; 24: 37 - 43.","9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992.","151. Koopman KF. Chiroptera: Systematics. Handbook of Zoology. Mammalia, part 60. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin; 1994.","4. Francis CM, Borisenko AV, Ivanova NV, Eger JL, Lim BK, Guillen-Servent A, et al. The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one. 2010 Sep 3. 5 (9): e 12575. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0012575 PMID: 20838635","152. Kruskop SV. New data on the bat fauna of Con Dao Islands (Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Vietnam). Russ J Theriol. 2011; 10 (2): 37 - 46.","79. Csorba G, Fuisz T, Kelen B. New birds and bats from Pulau Tioman, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1997; 50: 197 - 200.","153. Zubaid A. Bornean Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus borneensis newly recorded in Peninsular Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1994; 48: 37 - 38.","32. Khan FAA, Vicki J, Solari S, Peter A, Ketol B, Marni W, et al. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus. 2008; Number 281."]}

Dyacopterusspadiceus [Thomas, 1890] Cynopterus spadiceus Thomas, 1890: 235; Baram, Sarawak, MALAYSIA (Charles Hose, collector; BM(NH) 1890.1.28.4) [75]. Dyacopterusspadiceus [76]. Common English name: Dayak Fruit Bat Barcode Index Number: There are two public DNA barcodes of D. spadiceus on BOLD, but neither are associated with any BIN due to the short sequence length (< 500 bp). One DNA barcode (BM 447-04) is from Peninsular Malaysia [4] and our NJ analysis revealed that this DNA barcode exhibited little divergence with the DNA barcode from Kalimantan, Indonesia (BM 265-04) (Fig 2). IUCN status: Near Threatened Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 42]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47]; Selangor: Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Sungai Dusun Forest Reserve [56]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]. D. spadiceus roosts in tree cavities and ferns and has been recorded in lowland, hill and montane forests, and nearby limetone caves [11, 14. 22]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 9, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["75. Thomas O. XXXVI. - Diagnosis of a new Cynopterus from Borneo. Annals Mag Nat Hist. 1890; 5 (27): 235 - 236.","76. Andersen K. Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. London: Trustees; 1912.","4. Francis CM, Borisenko AV, Ivanova NV, Eger JL, Lim BK, Guillen-Servent A, et al. The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one. 2010 Sep 3. 5 (9): e 12575. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0012575 PMID: 20838635","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","42. Anan S, Rashdi AM, Abdul J, Lim BL. A survey of small mammals at Sungai Chenderoh, Perlok, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1998; 16: 104 - 109.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43."]}

Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth, 1844 Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth, 1844: 486; Calcutta, INDIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [160]. Rhinolophus refulgens Andersen, 1905: 124, pl. 4; Gunung Igari, Perak, MALAYSIA, 2000 ft. (A. L. Butlerm Esq., presenter; BM(NH) 1898.11.29.2) [161]. Rhinolophus lepidus refulgens [9]. Common English name: Blyth’s Horseshoe Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD:AAB9127 (5 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 5) Remarks: DNA barcodes of R. lepidus are associated with three BINs (BOLD:AAB9127, BOLD:ABZ1016 and BOLD:ABZ2266; Fig 5). The BIN, BOLD:ABZ1016 contains DNA barcodes recorded as R. lepidus and R. pusillus. Some authors considered R. refulgens as a subspecies of R. lepidus [9, 11, 12] while some considered them to be distinct [50, 67]. Our NJ analysis (Fig 5) suggested that the DNA barcodes recorded as R. lepidus from Peninsular Malaysia may be distinct from DNA barcodes recorded as R. lepidus from Indochina. Similarly, Bumrungsri et al. [162] commented that R. lepidus from Peninsular Malaysia may represent a distinct taxon and the appropriate name would be R. refulgens based on the type locality. Due to the lack of DNA barcodes from the type locality of R. lepidus, India for comparison, we could not determine if DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia represent the nominate R. lepidus or R. refulgens. Consequently, we tentatively retained only the name R. lepidus in this checklist (Fig 5). IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 42], Kuala Atok, National Park [44], Lata Bujang Forest Reserve [56], Cameron Highland [60], Pulau Tioman [79], Bukit Ibam, Kemasul, Jengka, Klau Besar, Kenong and Gunung Aais [100]; Terengganu: Pasir Raja, Dungun [15], Tasik Kenyir [69], Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve [101]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47, 111], Temenggor Lake [69]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park, [50], Gunung Stong State Park [100]; Selangor: Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Semangkok Forest Reserve [101]; Johor: Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [56], Labis Forest Reserve [100]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57, 100], Bukit Hijau [100]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Gunung Reng and Gua Musang [62]; Melaka: Unspecified [68]; Pulau Pinang: Bukit Panchor [100]; Negeri Sembilan: Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve [100, 101], Berembun Forest Reserve [101]. As R. refulgens: Perak: Maxwell Hill [23]; Pahang: Pulau Tioman [23], Krau Wildlife Reserve [41]; Johor: Pulau Pemanggil and Pulau Aur [23]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [45]; Kelantan: Gunung Stong State Park [67]. R. lepidus inhabits mature lowland and hill forests and has been reported roosting in caves and rock crevices, often with R. stheno [11, 14], Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 31-32, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["160. Blyth E. Notices of various Mammalia with descriptions of many new species. Journal Asiat Soc Bengal. 1844; 13: 463 - 494.","161. Andersen K. On the bats of the Rhinolophus philippinensis group, with descriptions of five new species. Annals Mag Nat Hist. 1905; 16: 546 - 550.","9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","12. Csorba G. Description of a new species of Rhinolophus (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Malaysia. J Mammal. 1997; 78 (2): 342 - 347.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","67. Jayaraj VK, Tahir NF, Udin NA, Baharin NF, Ismail SK, Zakaria SN. Species diversity of small mammals at Gunung Stong State Park, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Threat Taxa. 2012; 4 (6): 2617 - 2628.","162. Bumrungsri S, Francis CM, Csorba G. Rhinolophus lepidus; 2008 [cited 2016 May 22]. Database: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e. T 19547 A 8971569 [Internet]. Available from: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2008. RLTS. T 19547 A 8971569. en.","42. Anan S, Rashdi AM, Abdul J, Lim BL. A survey of small mammals at Sungai Chenderoh, Perlok, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1998; 16: 104 - 109.","44. Tingga RCT, Khan FA, Ridwan AM, Senawi J, Abdullah MT. Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia. Sains Malays. 2012; 41 (6): 659 - 669.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","60. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Shukor MN, Zalipah MN, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Survey of small mammals at two forest reserves in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 293 - 298.","79. Csorba G, Fuisz T, Kelen B. New birds and bats from Pulau Tioman, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1997; 50: 197 - 200.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","15. Wilson JJ, Sing KW, Halim MR, Ramli R, Hashim R, Sofian-Azirun M. Utility of DNA barcoding for rapid and accurate assessment of bat diversity in Malaysia in the absence of formally described species. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13 (1): 920 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.4238 / 2014. February. 19.2 PMID: 24634112","69. Syaripuddin K, Kumar A, Sing KW, Halim MR, Nursyereen MN, Wilson JJ. Mercury accumulation in bats near hydroelectric reservoirs in Peninsular Malaysia. Ecotoxicology. 2014; 23 (7): 1164 - 1171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10646 - 014 - 1258 - y PMID: 24840106","101. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Rahman KA. Spatial effects of virgin jungle reserves (VJR) on the community of insectivorous bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2013; 25 (1): 118 - 130.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013.","111. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Salim HMW, Abdul-Rahman K, Harrison RD, Potts MD. Insectivorous bat assemblage in the hill dipterocarp forest of Temengor Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2011; 63 (3): 569 - 576.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","68. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Nor-Zalipah M, Kaviarasu M, Pan KA, Yusof MO, et al. Surveys of bats at selected sites in Melaka Forest Reserves, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Muhamad A, Yusof WKW, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 1 - 2 April 2009 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2009. pp. 265 - 270.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Tylonycteris pachypus [Temminck, 1840] Vespertilio pachypus Temminck, 1840: 217; Bantam, west Java, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [82]. Tylonycteris pachypus [8]. Common English name: Lesser Bamboo Bat Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as T. pachypus are associated with two BINs, BOLD: AAC 1209 and BOLD: AAC 1210, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. Remarks: The BIN, BOLD:AAC1210 contains DNA barcodes recorded as T. pachypus and a single DNA barcode recorded as T. robustula (ABBSI217-10) (S9 Fig). We suspect the DNA barcode, ABBSI217-10 is a case of mis-identification as T. pachypus and T. robustula are differ in body size and coloration. Simmons [98] recognised five subspecies: T. p. pachypus (type locality: Java, Indonesia), T. p. aurex (type locality: India), T. p. fulvidus (type locality: Burma = Myanmar), T. p. meyeri (type locality: Philippines), and T. p. bhakti (type locality: Lombok Island, Indonesia). IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 41], Tasik Bera Forest Reserve [56]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47], Royal Belum State Park [66]; Selangor: Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Ulu Gombak [52, 53, 54], Air Hitam Forest Reserve [55]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Gunung Reng and Gua Musang [62], Gunung Stong State Park [67]; Johor: Labis Forest Reserve [100]. T. pachypus roosts in small colonies in live standing bamboo stems, and enters the internodes through slits created by stem-boring beetle larvae [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 50, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["82. Temminck CJ. Monographies de mammalogie. Tome 2. Leiden and Paris; 1837 - 1841. 392 pp.","8. Chasen FN. A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum; 1940.","98. Simmons NB. Order chiroptera. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM, editors. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore; 2005. pp. 312 - 529.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013.","66. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Zalipah MN, Nurul-Ain E, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Surveys of small mammals at selected sites in Royal Belum State Park. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors). Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 299 - 308.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6.","53. Heller KG, Volleth M. Taxonomic position of \" Pipistrellus societatis \" Hill, 1972 and the karyological characteristics of the genus Eptesicus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). J Zoolog Syst Evol Res. 1984; 22 (1): 65 - 77.","54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76.","55. Azlan JM, Sharma RS, Zakaria M. Species diversity and relative abundance of understorey bats at Air Hitam forest reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2000; 54 (1): 69 - 75.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","67. Jayaraj VK, Tahir NF, Udin NA, Baharin NF, Ismail SK, Zakaria SN. Species diversity of small mammals at Gunung Stong State Park, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Threat Taxa. 2012; 4 (6): 2617 - 2628.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969."]}

Kerivoula intermedia Hill and Fancis, 1984 Kerivoula intermedia Hill and Fancis, 1984: 323; Lumerau, Sabah, Borneo, MALAYSIA 5&ring; 12’N, 118&ring;52’E (Charles M. Francis, collector; BM(NH) 1983.356) [173]. Common English name: Small Woolly Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAD 4883 (5 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 6) Remarks: DNA barcodes recorded as K. intermedia are associated with two BINs, BOLD: AAD4883, and BOLD:AAM3704. The BIN, BOLD:AAD4883 contains DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak, Borneo while BIN, BOLD:AAM3074 contains only a single DNA barcode (BM012-03) from Sabah, Borneo (Fig 6). Whether the DNA barcode, BM012- 03 represents a cryptic species, a case of mis-identification, or a case of high intraspecific variation remains to be determined. IUCN status: Near Threatened Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 32, 41], Tasik Bera Forest Reserve [56], Bukit Ibam, Kenong and Gunung Aais [100], Tekam Forest Reserve [173]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [45], Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve and Berembun Forest Reserve [101]; Perak: Royal Belum State Park [48, 66], Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [100, 101], Temengor Forest Reserve [111]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]; Selangor: Air Hitam Forest Reserve [55], Semangkok Forest Reserve [101]; Johor: Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [56], Gunung Panti and Labis Forest Reserve [100]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Gunung Stong State Park [100]; Melaka: Sungai Udang Forest Reserve [68]; Terengganu: Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve [101], Sungei Kelembang at Ulu Setiu in Besut [173]. The roosting ecology of K. intermedia remains unknown but the species has been recorded in the understory of lowland forest [11, 14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 38, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["173. Hill JE, Francis CM. New bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) and new records of bats from Borneo and Malaya. Bull Br Mus. 1984; 47 (5): 305 - 329.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","32. Khan FAA, Vicki J, Solari S, Peter A, Ketol B, Marni W, et al. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus. 2008; Number 281.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431.","101. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Rahman KA. Spatial effects of virgin jungle reserves (VJR) on the community of insectivorous bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2013; 25 (1): 118 - 130.","48. Tamrin NAM, Rahman MRA, Daud MHRM, Hassan N, Abdullah MT. A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia. In: Yasak MN, Nor SM, Illias R, Kamil SKSM, Mohamad MRB, Sitam FAT, editors. Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar 2008, 7 - 14 December 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2010. pp. 27 - 35.","66. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Zalipah MN, Nurul-Ain E, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Surveys of small mammals at selected sites in Royal Belum State Park. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors). Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 299 - 308.","111. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Salim HMW, Abdul-Rahman K, Harrison RD, Potts MD. Insectivorous bat assemblage in the hill dipterocarp forest of Temengor Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2011; 63 (3): 569 - 576.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","55. Azlan JM, Sharma RS, Zakaria M. Species diversity and relative abundance of understorey bats at Air Hitam forest reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2000; 54 (1): 69 - 75.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","68. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Nor-Zalipah M, Kaviarasu M, Pan KA, Yusof MO, et al. Surveys of bats at selected sites in Melaka Forest Reserves, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Muhamad A, Yusof WKW, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 1 - 2 April 2009 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2009. pp. 265 - 270.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Harpiocephalus harpia [Temminck, 1840] Vespertilio harpia Temminck, 1840: 219, pls. 55; Southeast side of Mountain Gede, Java, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [82]. Harpiocephalus harpia [191]. Common English name: Hairy-winged Bat Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as H. harpia are associated with BIN, BOLD:AAB5424, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. Remarks: H. mordax was once considered a subspecies of H. harpia [138] but was later recognised as a distinct species having “a more robust skull and larger teeth” compared to H. harpia [173]. Two male and three female specimens from Java recorded as H. harpia were later re-examined, and the degree of dimorphism observed among the specimens was small when compared to the differences observed in rostral and tooth size between H. harpia and H. mordax [9]. Matveev [192] noted that all specimens of H. mordax used in earlier studies are females and a molecular analysis of a male “ harpia ” and a female “ mordax ” from Cambodia indicated that the specimens were conspecific, consequently eliminating the occurrence of H. mordax in Cambodia. Two female specimens from Peninsular Malaysia (field ID.: CMF930806.7 and CMF930807.2) were identified as “ H. mordax ” based on their broader skull and large teeth by Francis [71]. Francis later stated that H. harpia is the only species that occurs in Southeast Asia with sexual dimorphism in size [14]. Following the current consensus, all records of H. mordax from Peninsular Malaysia should be updated to H. harpia. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [56]. Previously recorded as H. mordax at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11], National Park [193]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47, 71]. The roosting ecology of H. harpia remains unknown due to its rarity but the species has been recorded in forests with hilly terrains [11]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 43, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["82. Temminck CJ. Monographies de mammalogie. Tome 2. Leiden and Paris; 1837 - 1841. 392 pp.","191. Dobson GE. Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera and catalogue of the species of bats in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Annals Mag Nat Hist. 1876; 18 (4): 266 - 268.","138. Ellerman JR, Morrison-Scott TCS. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946, 2 nd Ed. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); 1966.","173. Hill JE, Francis CM. New bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) and new records of bats from Borneo and Malaya. Bull Br Mus. 1984; 47 (5): 305 - 329.","9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992.","192. Matveev VA. Checklist of Cambodian bats (Chiroptera), with new records and remarks on taxonomy. Russ J Theriol. 2005; 4 (1): 43 - 62.","71. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","193. Yeap CA, Zubaid A. Harpiocephalus mordax (Thomas 1923), a new record for Taman Negara, Peninsular Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2002; 56 (2): 195 - 197.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013."]}

Rhinolophus morio Gray, 1842 Rhinolophus morio Gray, 1842: 257; SINGAPORE (Collector unknown; BM(NH) 1840.5.14.36) [163]. Rhinolophus luctus morio [134]. Barcode Index Number: There are no DNA barcodes recorded under this name on BOLD. However, DNA barcodes recorded as R. luctus are associated with the BIN, BOLD: AAD 0380. There are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. Remarks: R. morio was recently recognised as distinct from R. luctus based on the ratio of zygomatic width to mandible length in cranial measurements and the unique Y-autosomal translocation in karyotype [3]. IUCN status: Not Evaluated but Least Concern as R. luctus Recorded at: Kuala Lumpur: Gombak Setia [3]; Selangor: Templer Park-Rawang, [3]; Pahang: Pulau Tioman [134]; Melaka: Unspecified [163]. Specimens of R. morio were collected in lowland dipterocarp forest [3]. Recorded as R. luctus at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 41, 42], Bukit Renggit [40], Tasik Chini [43], Cameron Highland [60], Gunung Aais [100]; Selangor: Bangi Forest Reserve [41], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Ulu Gombak [52, 54, 101], Sungai Dusun Forest Reserve [56]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61]; Perak: Royal Belum State Park [66], Temenggor Lake [69], Temengor Forest Reserve [111]; Melaka: Unspecified [68]; Terengganu: Tasik Kenyir [69]; Negeri Sembilan: Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve [100, 101], Berembun Forest Reserve [101]. Unlike other Rhinolophus species, R. luctus sensu lato roosts either solitarily or in pairs often in caves, rock crevices, tree hollows and among tree roots, and has been recorded in primary and secondary forests [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 32, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["163. Gray JE. Descriptions of some new genera and fifty unrecorded species of Mammalia. Annals Mag Nat Hist. 1842; 10: 255 - 267.","134. Lim BL, Lim KP, Yong HS. The terrestrial mammals of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia, with a catalogue of specimens at the Raffles Museum, National University of Singapore. Raffles Bull Zool. 1999; 6: 101 - 123.","3. Volleth M, Loidl J, Mayer F, Yong HS, Muller S, Heller KG. Surprising genetic diversity in Rhinolophus luctus (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Peninsular Malaysia: description of a new species based on genetic and morphological characters. Acta Chiropt. 2015; 17 (1): 1 - 20.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","42. Anan S, Rashdi AM, Abdul J, Lim BL. A survey of small mammals at Sungai Chenderoh, Perlok, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1998; 16: 104 - 109.","40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16.","43. Lim BL, Hussein NA, Ratnam L. A study of the vertebrate fauna in the Tasek Chini Nature Reserve, Pahang in relation to land use. Mal Nat J. 1999; 53 (3): 217 - 238.","60. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Shukor MN, Zalipah MN, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Survey of small mammals at two forest reserves in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 293 - 298.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6.","54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76.","101. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Rahman KA. Spatial effects of virgin jungle reserves (VJR) on the community of insectivorous bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2013; 25 (1): 118 - 130.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","66. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Zalipah MN, Nurul-Ain E, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Surveys of small mammals at selected sites in Royal Belum State Park. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors). Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 299 - 308.","69. Syaripuddin K, Kumar A, Sing KW, Halim MR, Nursyereen MN, Wilson JJ. Mercury accumulation in bats near hydroelectric reservoirs in Peninsular Malaysia. Ecotoxicology. 2014; 23 (7): 1164 - 1171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10646 - 014 - 1258 - y PMID: 24840106","111. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Salim HMW, Abdul-Rahman K, Harrison RD, Potts MD. Insectivorous bat assemblage in the hill dipterocarp forest of Temengor Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2011; 63 (3): 569 - 576.","68. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Nor-Zalipah M, Kaviarasu M, Pan KA, Yusof MO, et al. Surveys of bats at selected sites in Melaka Forest Reserves, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Muhamad A, Yusof WKW, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 1 - 2 April 2009 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2009. pp. 265 - 270.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969."]}

Hipposideros dyacorum [Thomas, 1902] Hipposideros dyacorum Thomas, 1902: 271; Mountain Mulu, Baram, Sarawak, MALAYSIA (Charles Hose, collector; BM(NH) 1894.9.29.10) [131]. Common English name: Dayak Roundleaf Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAD 0486 (1 DNA barcode is from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 4) Remarks: Murray et al. [125] found little divergence in ND2 and RAG1 mtDNA (< 1%) between “ dyacorum ” in Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia, Borneo. However, our NJ analysis showed > 2% divergence between DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah, Borneo (Fig 4). We tentatively retained the name H. dyacorum in our checklist pending further research into these taxa. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [32], Kenong [100]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50], Gua Tekong Siam [132]; Perak: Temenggor Lake [69]; Terengganu: Tasik Kenyir [69]; Kelantan: Gunung Stong State Park [100], Gua Musang (ABBSI020-04). H. dyacorum has been reported roosting in caves, under rocks and in tree hollows [14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 24, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["131. Thomas O. A new Hipposideros from Borneo. Annals Mag Nat Hist. 1902; 9: 271 - 272.","125. Murray SW, Campbell P, Kingston T, Zubaid A, Francis CM, Kunz TH. Molecular phylogeny of hipposiderid bats from Southeast Asia and evidence of cryptic diversity. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2012; 62 (2): 597 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.10.021 PMID: 22079552","32. Khan FAA, Vicki J, Solari S, Peter A, Ketol B, Marni W, et al. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus. 2008; Number 281.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","132. Hill JE, Zubaid A. The Dyak leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros dyacorum Thomas, 1902 (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1989; 53 (2): 307 - 308.","69. Syaripuddin K, Kumar A, Sing KW, Halim MR, Nursyereen MN, Wilson JJ. Mercury accumulation in bats near hydroelectric reservoirs in Peninsular Malaysia. Ecotoxicology. 2014; 23 (7): 1164 - 1171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10646 - 014 - 1258 - y PMID: 24840106","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Kerivoula pellucida [Waterhouse, 1845] Vespertilio pellucidus Waterhouse, 1845: 6; PHILLIPINES (H. Cuming, Esq.; Type unknown) [179]. Kerivoula pellucida [180]. Common English name: Clear-winged Woolly Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAD 1601 (8 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 6) IUCN status: Near Threatened Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11], Kuala Atok, National Park [44], Tasik Bera Forest Reserve and Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [56], Bukit Ibam, Kemasul, Jengka, Kenong and Gunung Aais [100]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [45], Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve [100, 101], Berembun Forest Reserve [101]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47, 48], Royal Belum State Park [66], Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [100]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]; Johor: Endau-Kluang Forest Reserve [56], Gunung Panti [100]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Gunung Stong State Park [100]; Kedah: Bukit Hijau [100]; Selangor: Semangkok Forest Reserve and Ulu gombak [101]; Terengganu: Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve [101]. K. pellucida has been reported foraging in understory of tall forests with dense vegetation and roosting in clumps of dried leaves [11, 14, 23]. Captured individuals were reported roosting in tight clusters in harp traps, suggesting social bonds [11]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["179. Waterhouse GR. Descriptions of bats collected in the Phillipine Islands. In Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1845. pp. 3 - 10.","180. Jentink FA. Some observations relating Cynopterus brachyotis Muller and Kerivoula pellucida Waterhouse. Notes from Leyden Museum, Leyden; 1891; 13 (3): 202 - 206.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","44. Tingga RCT, Khan FA, Ridwan AM, Senawi J, Abdullah MT. Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia. Sains Malays. 2012; 41 (6): 659 - 669.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431.","101. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Rahman KA. Spatial effects of virgin jungle reserves (VJR) on the community of insectivorous bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2013; 25 (1): 118 - 130.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013.","48. Tamrin NAM, Rahman MRA, Daud MHRM, Hassan N, Abdullah MT. A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia. In: Yasak MN, Nor SM, Illias R, Kamil SKSM, Mohamad MRB, Sitam FAT, editors. Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar 2008, 7 - 14 December 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2010. pp. 27 - 35.","66. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Zalipah MN, Nurul-Ain E, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Surveys of small mammals at selected sites in Royal Belum State Park. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors). Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 299 - 308.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969."]}

Coelops frithii Blyth, 1848 Coelops frithi Blyth, 1848: 251; Sunderbans, BANGLADESH (R. W. G. Frith, Esq., presenter; Type unknown) [113]. Common English name: Asian Tailless Roundleaf Bat Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as C. frithii are associated with two BINs, BOLD:AAF3920 and BOLD:AAF3921 (S2 Fig). One DNA barcode (ABBM 313-05) is not associated with any BIN due to its short sequence length (< 500bp). There are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Selangor: Ulu Gombak [23], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]. C. frithii has been reported foraging in forests and roosting in small groups in caves and hollowed trees [14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 17, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["113. Blyth E. Report of curator, Zoological Department. Journal Asiat Soc Bengal. 1848; 17: 247 - 255.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Kerivoula lenis Thomas, 1916 Kerivoula lenis Thomas, 1916: 416; Calcutta, Bengal, INDIA (J. T. Pearson, presenter; BM (NH) 1879.11.21.126) [178]. Common English name: Indian Woolly Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAD 4874 (3 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 6) Remarks: K. lenis was previously considered as a subspecies of K. papillosa [171] but was later raised as a distinct species [98, 176]. Douangboubpha et al. [170] reported three distinct clusters of K. papillosa based on NJ analyses at COI mtDNA (K. papillosa A, Band C) in Thailand of which K. lenis from Peninsular Malaysia (BIN, BOLD:AAD4874) is clustered with K. papillosa C. K. lenis from Peninsular Malaysia has been reported to be 5.33% divergent from K. lenis from Borneoand > 14% divergentfrom K. cf. lenis from Laos [4, 169, 170]. Whether the taxon occurring in Peninsular Malaysia represents K. lenis sensu stricto remains to be determined due to the lack of comparative materials from the type locality, India [170]. Our NJ analysis (Fig 6) revealed three clusters of DNA barcodes recorded as K. lenis and K. cf. lenis associated with three BINs, BOLD:AAC9530, BOLD:AAD4873 and BOLD:AAD4874. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [32]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve (specimen BM (NH) 1988.46). K. lenis has been recorded in understory of forest [14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 40, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["178. Thomas O. Scientific results from the Mammal Survey, XIII. Journal Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1916; 24: 404 - 430.","171. Hill JE. Asiatic bats of the genera Kerivoula and Phoniscus (Vespertilionidae), with a note on Kerivoula aerosa Tomes. Mammalia. 1965; 29 (4): 524 - 556.","98. Simmons NB. Order chiroptera. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM, editors. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore; 2005. pp. 312 - 529.","176. Vanitharani J, Rajendran A, Bates PJJ, Harrison DL, Pearch MJ. A taxonomic reassessment of Kerivoula lenis Thomas, 1916 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) including a first record from peninsular India. Acta Chiropt. 2003; 5 (1): 49 - 60.","170. Douangboubpha B, Bumrungsri S, Satasook C, Wanna W, Soisook P, Bates PJ. Morphology, genetics and echolocation calls of the genus Kerivoula (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Kerivoulinae) in Thailand. Mammalia. 2016; 80 (1): 21 - 47.","4. Francis CM, Borisenko AV, Ivanova NV, Eger JL, Lim BK, Guillen-Servent A, et al. The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one. 2010 Sep 3. 5 (9): e 12575. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0012575 PMID: 20838635","169. Khan FA, Solari S, Swier VJ, Larsen PA, Abdullah MT, Baker RJ. Systematics of Malaysian woolly bats (Vespertilionidae: Kerivoula) inferred from mitochondrial, nuclear, karyotypic, and morphological data. J Mammal. 2010; 91 (5): 1058 - 1072.","32. Khan FAA, Vicki J, Solari S, Peter A, Ketol B, Marni W, et al. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus. 2008; Number 281.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Coelops robinsoni Bonhote, 1908 Coelops robinsoni Bonhote, 1908: 4; foot of Mountain Tahan, Pahang, MALAYSIA (Mr Robinson, collector; BM(NH) 1906.10.4.9) [92]. Common English name: Malaysian Tailless Roundleaf Bat Barcode Index Number: There are no DNA barcodes recorded under this name on BOLD. IUCN status: Vulnerable Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11], Gunung Tahan [23, 92]; Selangor: Port Swettenham [23]. The type specimen of C. robinsoni was caught in a young, rolled-up leaf of a wild banana plant [92] and individuals have been reported roosting in hollowed buttresses of large trees and in caves in primary lowland forest [11, 14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["92. Bonhote JL. Report on the mammals [Gunong Tahan Expedition]. J. Fed. Mal. St. Mus. 1908; 3: 1 - 11.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Rhinolophus chiewkweeae Yoshiyuki and Lim, 2005 Rhinolophus chiewkweeae Yoshiyuki and Lim, 2005: 29; Gunung Ledang, Tangkak, Muar, Johor, MALAYSIA, 1276 m (Boo-Liat Lim, collector; NSMT-M 33472) [13]. Common English name: Chiewkwee’s Horseshoe Bat Barcode Index Number: There are no DNA barcodes recorded under this name on BOLD. Remarks: R. pearsonii is reported to occur in Peninsular Malaysia [9] although we could not find any precise locality reports. It is likely that the records of R. pearsonii from Peninsular Malaysia, if valid, may actually represent R. chiewkweeae [154]. However, our NJ analysis revealed that the DNA barcodes under these names (but not including Peninsular Malaysia specimens) were 12% divergent in COI mtDNA (see Fig 3 in [154]). IUCN status: Not Evaluated Recorded at: Melaka: Asahan Forest Reserve [13]; Johor: Gunung Ledang and Labis Forest Reserve [13]; Kedah: Lubok Semilan, Ulu Melaka in Pulau Langkawi and Weng Subcatchment Area in Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve [13]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]; Perak: Temenggor Lake [69]; Terengganu: Tasik Kenyir [69], Sungai Buweh [154]. R. chiewkweeae has been reported from lowland, hill and submontane dipterocarp forests, and an island [13, 154]. In Peninsular Malaysia, all reported individuals were caught in mature and secondary dipterocarp forests [154]. The low capture rate of R. chiewkweeae suggested that the population density of the species in Peninsular Malaysia is likely to be very low [50, 154], Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 30, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["13. Yoshiyuki M, Lim BL. A new horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus chiewkweeae (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae), from Malaysia. Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series A, Zoology. 2005; 31 (1): 29 - 36.","9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992.","154. Morni MA, Tahir NF, Rosli QS, William J, Dee IA, Roslan A, et al. New record of Rhinolophus chiewkweeae (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia with new information on their echolocation calls, genetics and their taxonomy. Raffles Bull. Zool. 2016; 64: 242 - 249.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","69. Syaripuddin K, Kumar A, Sing KW, Halim MR, Nursyereen MN, Wilson JJ. Mercury accumulation in bats near hydroelectric reservoirs in Peninsular Malaysia. Ecotoxicology. 2014; 23 (7): 1164 - 1171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10646 - 014 - 1258 - y PMID: 24840106"]}

Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841 Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841: 287; Bantam, West Java, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [82]. Common English name: Black-bearded Tomb Bat Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as T. melanopogon are associated with the BIN, BOLD: AAD 2120, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 41]; Johor: Pulau Pisang [23]; Pulau Pinang: Pulau Pinang [23]; Selangor: Pulau Angsa and Batu Caves [23], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Ulu Gombak [52]; Kedah: Pulau Langkawi [23], Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Perak: Bukit Jerneh Cave and Tumang Lembing Cave [30]; Terengganu: Bukit Dendong [97]. T. melanopogon is primarily a cave dweller but has been recorded in lowland and hill forests, plantations and buildings. Individuals have been reported roosting at the entrance of caves, in rock crevices and hollowed dead trees [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 14, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["82. Temminck CJ. Monographies de mammalogie. Tome 2. Leiden and Paris; 1837 - 1841. 392 pp.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","30. Douangboubpha B, Bumrungsri S, Soisook P, Murray SW, Puechmaille SJ, Satasook C, et al. A taxonomic review of Hipposideros halophyllus, with additional information on H. ater and H. cineraceus (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Thailand and Myanmar. Acta Chiropt. 2010; 12 (1): 29 - 50.","97. Yeap CA. A brief survey of Microchiropterans at Bukit Dendong and Bukit Keluang, Tembila, Terengganu Darul Iman. Mal Nat J. 2003; 56 (4): 397 - 401.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Cynopterus horsfieldii Gray, 1843 Cynopterus horsfieldii Gray, 1843: 38; Java, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [70]. Common English name: Horsfield’s Fruit Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAD 1477 (3 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 2) IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 41], Merapoh [40], Tasik Chini [43], Kuala Atok National Park [44], Cameron Highland, [60, 64], Cherating [64]; Pulau Pinang: Pulau Pinang [23], Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [56]; Selangor: Bukit Lanjan [40], Bangi Forest Reserve [41], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51],Ulu Gombak [52 – 54]; Perak: Bayor River-Rantau Panjang and Selama [49], Taiping [64], Temenggor Lake [69], Temengor Forest Reserve [71]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50], Perlis State Park [64]; Johor: Endau Kluang Forest Reserve [56]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Kelantan: Gua Musang [61, 64], Gunung Reng [62], Gunung Stong State Park [67]; Terengganu: Tasik Kenyir [69]. C. horsfieldii has a wide range of habitats (e.g. lowland, hill, and montane forests, mangroves, orchards and plantations) [11] and has been reported roosting gregariously in caves, cavities in limestone caves and rock shelters [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 8, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["70. Gray JE. List of the specimens of the Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London; 1843. pp. 216.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16.","43. Lim BL, Hussein NA, Ratnam L. A study of the vertebrate fauna in the Tasek Chini Nature Reserve, Pahang in relation to land use. Mal Nat J. 1999; 53 (3): 217 - 238.","44. Tingga RCT, Khan FA, Ridwan AM, Senawi J, Abdullah MT. Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia. Sains Malays. 2012; 41 (6): 659 - 669.","60. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Shukor MN, Zalipah MN, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Survey of small mammals at two forest reserves in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 293 - 298.","64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6.","54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76.","49. Shafie NJ, Sah SA, Latip NA, Azman NM, Khairuddin NL. Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2011; 22: 13 - 22.","69. Syaripuddin K, Kumar A, Sing KW, Halim MR, Nursyereen MN, Wilson JJ. Mercury accumulation in bats near hydroelectric reservoirs in Peninsular Malaysia. Ecotoxicology. 2014; 23 (7): 1164 - 1171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10646 - 014 - 1258 - y PMID: 24840106","71. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","67. Jayaraj VK, Tahir NF, Udin NA, Baharin NF, Ismail SK, Zakaria SN. Species diversity of small mammals at Gunung Stong State Park, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Threat Taxa. 2012; 4 (6): 2617 - 2628.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Murina peninsularis Hill, 1964 Murina cyclotis peninsularis Hill, 1964: 55; Ulu Chemperoh, near Janda Baik, Bentong District, Pahang, MALAYSIA (Collector unknown; BM(NH) 1964.771) [194]. Murina peninsularis [34]. Common English name: Peninsular Tube-nosed Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAA 6349 (2 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 6) Remarks: Three subspecies were previously described under M. cyclotis based on their geographical distributions: M. c. cyclotis from northeast India to Vietnam, the slightly darker and duller M. c. eileenae from Sri Lanka, and M. c. peninsularis from Peninsular Thailand to Malaysia and Indonesia [9, 34]. However, the consistent medium-large body size and genetic distance in COI mtDNA support the recognition of the Sundaic M. c. peninsularis as a distinct species [4, 33, 34]. Therefore, all records of M. cyclotis from Peninsular Malaysia should be updated to M. peninsularis [34]. IUCN status: Not Evaluated but Least Concern as M. cyclotis. Recorded at: Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [51]; Kelantan: Loging Highlands [64]; Pahang: Ulu Chemperoh, near Janda Baik [194]. Recorded as M. cyclotis at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 42], Kuala Atok-National Park [44], Cameron Highland [60], Bukit Ibam, Klau Besar and Kenong [100]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [45], Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve and Berembun Forest Reserve [101]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 111], Royal Belum State Park [66], Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [100, 101]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]; Selangor: Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51]; Kelantan: Lojing Highlands [62], Gunung Stong State Park [67]; Johor: Labis Forest Reserve [100]. M. peninsularis has been recoded in wide variety of forest types [14] but its roosting ecology remains unknown [11]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 44, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["194. Hill JE. Notes on some tube-nosed bats, genus Murina, from southeastern Asia, with descriptions of a new species and a new subspecies. Federation Mus J. 1964; 8: 48 - 59.","34. SoisooK P, Karapan S, Satasook C, Thong VD, Khan FA, Maryanto I, et al. A review of the Murina cyclotis complex (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) with descriptions of a new species and subspecies. Acta Chiropt. 2013; 15 (2): 271 - 292.","9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992.","4. Francis CM, Borisenko AV, Ivanova NV, Eger JL, Lim BK, Guillen-Servent A, et al. The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one. 2010 Sep 3. 5 (9): e 12575. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0012575 PMID: 20838635","33. Francis CM, Eger JL. A review of tube-nosed bats (Murina) from Laos with a description of two new species. Acta Chiropt. 2012; 14 (1): 15 - 38.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","42. Anan S, Rashdi AM, Abdul J, Lim BL. A survey of small mammals at Sungai Chenderoh, Perlok, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1998; 16: 104 - 109.","44. Tingga RCT, Khan FA, Ridwan AM, Senawi J, Abdullah MT. Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia. Sains Malays. 2012; 41 (6): 659 - 669.","60. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Shukor MN, Zalipah MN, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Survey of small mammals at two forest reserves in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 293 - 298.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431.","101. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Rahman KA. Spatial effects of virgin jungle reserves (VJR) on the community of insectivorous bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2013; 25 (1): 118 - 130.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","111. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Salim HMW, Abdul-Rahman K, Harrison RD, Potts MD. Insectivorous bat assemblage in the hill dipterocarp forest of Temengor Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2011; 63 (3): 569 - 576.","66. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Zalipah MN, Nurul-Ain E, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Surveys of small mammals at selected sites in Royal Belum State Park. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors). Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 299 - 308.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","67. Jayaraj VK, Tahir NF, Udin NA, Baharin NF, Ismail SK, Zakaria SN. Species diversity of small mammals at Gunung Stong State Park, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Threat Taxa. 2012; 4 (6): 2617 - 2628.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Chironax melanocephalus Temminck, 1825] [ Pteropus melanocephalus Temminck, 1825: 190; Gunung Karang, Bantam, west Java, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [58]. Chironax melanocephalus [9]. Common English name: Black-capped Fruit Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD:ACG2580 (1 DNA barcode from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 2) Remarks: Sing et al. [5] first reported that a DNA barcode collected at Ulu Gombak, shared 95.8% similarity with DNA barcodes of Chironax melanocephalus from Java, Indonesia (Fig 2). The DNA barcodes from Java are likely to represent C. melanocephalus sensu stricto as they were collected from type locality and are assigned to a different BIN (BOLD:AAE9045). Whether several forms of Chironax occur in Peninsular Malaysia remains to be determined. Two distinct morphotypes of C. melanocephalus sensu lato were recently described from Sumatra, Indonesia, neither matching with either of the currently recognised subspecies: C. m. melanocephalus and C. m. tumulus [59]. No DNA barcodes were provided for these specimens but it remains possible that the taxon in Peninsular Malaysia is one of these putative species. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Selangor: Ulu Gombak [5, 52, 54], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Sungai Dusun Forest Reserve [56]; Pahang: Cameron Highland [23, 60], Krau Wildlife Reserve [11], Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [56]; Perak: Royal Belum State Park [48], Bayor River-Rantau Panjang [49]; Johor: Endau Kluang Forest Reserve [56]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Gunung Chamah [62]. C. melanocephalus is common in lowland, hill and montane forests where the species roosts in large colonies in caves and rock shelters but in smaller groups in tree ferns [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["58. Temminck CJ. Vues generales sur l'ordre des cheiropteres. Monographies de mammalogie, ou description de quelques genres de mammiferes, dont les especes dont ete observees dans les differens musees de l'Europe. G. Dufour and E. D'Ocagne, Paris; 1824 - 1827. pp. 157 - 204.","9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992.","5. Sing KW, Syaripuddin K, Wilson JJ. Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the Field Study Centre in 1965. Raffles Bull Zool S. 2013; 29: 211 - 217.","59. Huang JC, Jazdzyk EL, Nusalawo M, Maryanto I, Wiantoro S, Kingston T. A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra. Acta Chiropt. 2014; 16 (2): 413 - 449.","52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6.","54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","60. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Shukor MN, Zalipah MN, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Survey of small mammals at two forest reserves in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 293 - 298.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","48. Tamrin NAM, Rahman MRA, Daud MHRM, Hassan N, Abdullah MT. A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia. In: Yasak MN, Nor SM, Illias R, Kamil SKSM, Mohamad MRB, Sitam FAT, editors. Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar 2008, 7 - 14 December 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2010. pp. 27 - 35.","49. Shafie NJ, Sah SA, Latip NA, Azman NM, Khairuddin NL. Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2011; 22: 13 - 22.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Rousettusleschenaultii [8]. Common English name: Leschenault’s Rousette Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as R. leschenaultii are associated with the BIN, BOLD:AAB5823, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]; Selangor: Batu Caves based on skeletal remains [95]. R. leschenaultii roosts primarily in caves and sometimes in wells, mines and cave-like structures [14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 13, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["8. Chasen FN. A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum; 1940.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","95. Kock D, Altmann J, Price L. A fruit bat new to West Malaysia: Rousettus leschenaultii (Desmarest 1820) in Batu Caves. Mal Nat J. 2000; 54 (1): 63 - 67.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Myotis federatus Thomas, 1916 Myotis peytoni federatus Thomas, 1916: 3; Semangko Paas, MALAYSIA, 2700 ft (Collector unknown; BM(NH) 1916.4.20.5) [178]. Myotis montivagus federatus [9]. Myotis federatus [35]. Barcode Index Number: There are no DNA barcodes recorded under this name on BOLD. DNA barcodes recorded as M. montivagus are associated with two BINs, BOLD: AAC 5917 and BOLD: AAU 0309, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. Remarks: M. federatus was previousy considered to be a subspecies of M. montivagus [9] based on dental characters [213]. Görföl et al. [35], however, noted that M. federatus has smaller forearms, a larger skull and smaller middle upper premolars (P3). The species have distinct geographical ranges: M. federatus is confined to Peninsular Malaysia whereas M. montivagus is distributed from south China to northern Myanmar [35]. Previous records of M. montivagus from Peninsular Malaysia [1, 5, 50, 111] should be updated to M. federatus [35]. IUCN status: Not Evaluated but Least Concern as M. montivagus. Recorded at: Previously recorded as M. montivagus at: Selangor: Genting Semangkok [23], Batu Caves (HNHM 98.14.31 [35]), Ulu Gombak [54]; Pahang: Genting Highland [54]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]. M. federatus has been recorded in primary and secondary forests with elevations up to 1,000 m [14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 54, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["178. Thomas O. Scientific results from the Mammal Survey, XIII. Journal Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1916; 24: 404 - 430.","9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992.","35. Gorfol T, Estok P, Csorba G. The subspecies of Myotis montivagus - taxonomic revision and species limits (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Acta Zool Academ Sci Hung. 2013; 59 (1): 41 - 59.","213. Hill JE. Notes on some insectivores and bats from Upper Burma. In Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 139 (1); 1962. pp. 119 - 137.","1. Davison GW, Zubaid A. The status of mammalian biodiversity in Malaysia. Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Forest Research Institute Malaysia; 2007. pp. 3 - 27.","5. Sing KW, Syaripuddin K, Wilson JJ. Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the Field Study Centre in 1965. Raffles Bull Zool S. 2013; 29: 211 - 217.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","111. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Salim HMW, Abdul-Rahman K, Harrison RD, Potts MD. Insectivorous bat assemblage in the hill dipterocarp forest of Temengor Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2011; 63 (3): 569 - 576.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Pipistrellus javanicus [Gray, 1838] Scotophilus javanicus Gray, 1838: 498; Java, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [205]. Pipistrellus javanicus [8]. Common English name: Javan Pipistrelle Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as P. javanicus are associated with two BINs, BOLD: AAC 3383 and BOLD:AAL5777, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Perak: Unspecified [23]; Pulau Pinang: Unspecified [23]; Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [41], Gunung Benom, [140]; Selangor: Air Hitam Forest Reserve [55]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]. P. javanicus has been recorded in wide variety of habitats including mangroves, lowland and hill forests, towns and rubber plantations, and found roosting in treeferns, fallen logs and caves [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 48, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["205. Gray JE. A revision of the genera of bats. Magazine of Zoology and Botany, Edinburgh and Dublin. 1838; 2: 483 - 505.","8. Chasen FN. A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum; 1940.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","140. Hill JE. The Gunong Benom Expedition 1967. 4. New records of Malayan bats, with taxonomic notes and the description of a new Pipistrellus. Bull Br Mus.: Zool. 1972; 23: 21 - 42.","55. Azlan JM, Sharma RS, Zakaria M. Species diversity and relative abundance of understorey bats at Air Hitam forest reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2000; 54 (1): 69 - 75.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Hipposideros diadema [Geoffroy, 1813] Rhinolophus diadema Geoffroy, 1813: 263, pls. 5, 6; Timor Island, INDONESIA (Péron and Lesueur, collector; MNHN 918) [127]. Hipposideros diadema [8]. Common English name: Diadem Roundleaf Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD:AAB8310 (7 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 4) Remarks: Murray et al. [125] compared specimens of H. diadema from Peninsular Malaysia and H. pelingensis from Kabaena Island, Southeast Sulawesi, and reportedthat the species have similar body size and were 2.7% divergent in ND2 mtDNA, although they did not observe H. diadema ’s distinctive white spots on H. pelingensis. In contrast, they reported that specimens of H. diadema from Peninsular Malaysia and the smaller H. diadema from Sulawesi are 8.5% divergent in ND2 mtDNA. DNA barcodes recorded as H. diadema are associated with three BINs, BOLD:AAB8308, BOLD:AAB8309, and BOLD:AAB8310. Congruent with Murray et al. [125], the three BINs appear to correspond to geographical regions (Fig 4). Four subspecies are recognised under H. diadema on the basis of morphological characters [128]: H. d. diadema (type locality: Timor Island, Indonesia), H. d. nobilis (type locality: Java, Indonesia), H. d. griseus (type locality: Luzon, Phillippine), H. d. masoni (type locality: Moulmein, Burma = Myanmar). It is likely that the taxon occurring in Peninsular Malaysia represents H. d. nobilis or H. d. masoni. However, further examination of specimens from several localities and examination of the type specimens is required to determine if the taxon in Peninsular Malaysia should be recognised as a distinct species and to assign a valid name. Consequently, we tentatively retained the name H. diadema in this checklist. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 41, 42], Merapoh [40], Tasik Chini [43], Lata Bujang Forest Reserve and Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [56], Kemasul, Jengka, Kenong and Gunung Aais [100]; Selangor: Batu Caves [23], Bangi Forest Reserve [41], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Ulu Gombak [52 – 54]; Pulau Pinang: Bukit Panchor [23, 100]; Kedah: Pulau Langkawi [23], Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Bukit Hijau [100]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [45]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [46 – 48], Royal Belum State Park [48, 66], Bayor River-Rantau Panjang [49], Temenggor Lake [69]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]; Johor: Endau-Kluang Forest Reserve [56], Gunung Panti and Labis Forest Reserve [100]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Gua Musang [62], Gunung Stong State Park [100]; Melaka: Unspecified location [68]; Terengganu: Tasik Kenyir [69]. H. diadema has been reported roosting in limestone caves, in crevices of boulders, tree hollows and solitarily under the fronds of palms, in both primary and secondary forests [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 23, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["127. Geoffroy (- Saint Hilaire) E. De l'organisation et de la determination des Nycteres une des familles de chauves-souris. Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 1813; 20: 11 - 20.","8. Chasen FN. A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum; 1940.","125. Murray SW, Campbell P, Kingston T, Zubaid A, Francis CM, Kunz TH. Molecular phylogeny of hipposiderid bats from Southeast Asia and evidence of cryptic diversity. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2012; 62 (2): 597 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.10.021 PMID: 22079552","128. Kitchener DJ, How RA, Cooper NK, Suyanto A. Hipposideros diadema (Chiroptera Hipposideridae) in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia: taxonomy and geographic morphological variation. Rec West Aust Mus. 1992; 16 (1): 1 - 60.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","42. Anan S, Rashdi AM, Abdul J, Lim BL. A survey of small mammals at Sungai Chenderoh, Perlok, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1998; 16: 104 - 109.","40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16.","43. Lim BL, Hussein NA, Ratnam L. A study of the vertebrate fauna in the Tasek Chini Nature Reserve, Pahang in relation to land use. Mal Nat J. 1999; 53 (3): 217 - 238.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6.","54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","48. Tamrin NAM, Rahman MRA, Daud MHRM, Hassan N, Abdullah MT. A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia. In: Yasak MN, Nor SM, Illias R, Kamil SKSM, Mohamad MRB, Sitam FAT, editors. Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar 2008, 7 - 14 December 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2010. pp. 27 - 35.","66. 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Hipposideros lekaguli Thonglongya and Hill, 1974 Hipposideros lekaguli Thonglongya and Hill, 1974: 285; Phu Nam Tok Tap Kwang, Kaeng Khoi, Suraburi, THAILAND, c. 14&ring;34’N, 101&ring;9’E (Dr. Boonsong Lekagul, collector; TNRC 54–2200) [135]. Common English name: Boonsoong’s Roundleaf Bat Barcode Index Number: There are no DNA barcodes recorded under this name on BOLD. IUCN status: Near Threatened Recorded at: Kedah: Gunung Keriang and Kodiang [136]. H. lekaguli roosts in caves and forages in both forested and disturbed areas [14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["135. Thonglongya K, Hill JE. A new species of Hipposideros. Mammalia. 1974; 38: 285 - 294.","136. Hill JE, Zubaid A, Davison GWH. Hipposideros lekaguli, a new leaf-nosed bat recorded from Peninsular Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1985; 39: 147 - 148.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}