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The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of endogenous cystatin C and cystatin SN, as potential tumor biomarkers, in the serum and biological fluids of the eye in both healthy controls and patients with uveal melanoma.

Investment and construction activity development entailed not only the improvement of existing systems and approaches to the assessment of the state of participants of this process, but also the emergence of new areas of analysis based on a comprehensive space-oriented structure of both the project itself and its environment. The methods of the complex estimation of the investment and construction project condition which takes into account not only the design risk and the stage of the project realisation but also the financial and economic condition of the participants of the investment and construction activity, first of all the developer. The estimation of financial and economic conditions of the developer is suggested to be carried out on the ground of aggregate potential that characterises the possibilities to achieve the objectives set before the enterprise and solve the current problems taking into account resource constraints and factors of the internal and external environment. Consideration of the aggregate potential of the enterprise as a complex multilevel system that covers all subsystems and organisational and technological processes, allows developing a comprehensive and objective assessment of the financial and economic condition of the developer that allows identifying reserves to further improve the efficiency of its activities.

Pursuant to the UN Millennium Goals, approved in 2000, hunger should be eradicated in the 21st century, while addressing environmental problems that have accumulated over the past hundred years. One of the global environmental problems is climate change. Areas with the most vulnerable ecological system, in particular, the Arctic, are under a special blow. The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the RF AZ) is the territory of the national interests of our country. These are geopolitical, military, environmental, demographic and other interests. One of the current economic problems of the RF AZ is low food self-sufficiency. Therefore, one of the tasks is the growth of agricultural production. The situation is complicated by the fact that climatic changes negatively affect the food base of reindeer, there is a decrease in the volume of aquatic biological resources, and land resources are being depleted. The experience of foreign subarctic states shows that it is possible to use genetic technologies in agricultural activities. But at the same time, agricultural technologies should be safe for the environment. Therefore, the current task is the legislative definition of legal requirements, including environmental ones, for agricultural activities in the RF AZ. The purpose of the article is to define a conceptual model of legal regulation of agricultural activities in the RF AZ. By means of the methods of comparative analysis, legal hermeneutics and legal modeling, the content and form of the conceptual model of legal regulation of agricultural activities in the RF AZ have been formulated.

The achievement of sustainable development goals necessitates further theoretical reflection and revision of approaches to educational activities, considering the global challenges and threats of our time. In the context of sustainable development concept paradigm, the educational process is considered within the ecological model, which is demanded in training and retraining of specialists of different profiles, possessing knowledge, abilities, and skills, necessary for state policy implementation, management organization, making effective decisions in the sphere of society and nature interaction, eliminating contradictions and achieving the balance of economic, ecological and social interests. The authors, having analyzed the works of scientists, investigated the Voluntary Report of the Russian Federation on the implementation of the SDGs in Russia in 2019, and Rosstat data highlighted the need for environmental management. Current areas of educational programs in the field of sustainable development are proposed.

The introduction of new methods for industrial infrastructural development and the methods of financing has led to the emergence of a promising direction - project financing. The development of project financing in the Russian Federation is primarily associated with a change in legislation, within the framework of which a system of escrow accounts was introduced in order to preserve the funds of equity holders. The gradual transition from the traditional equity participation scheme to project financing should contribute to the development of the construction industry, increased business activity and an increase in construction volumes. However, the limiting factor in the development of this area is the high risks for all participants in the investment and construction process and the lack of an effective method for assessing the risks of project financing. The development of this method is complicated by the fact that along with the general and characteristic risks of all investment projects, each project has its own characteristics, specific contractual and financial structure and implementation conditions and is associated with industry and regional risks inherent in this particular project. In this regard, the development of methods for assessing the project financing risks is one of the tools for making timely management decisions on the part of the developer to optimize the investment and construction process. This will allow attracting additional resources to the investment and construction sector and increasing the volume of housing construction.

According to the Millennium Development Goals, approved by the UN in 2000, it is necessary to eradicate hunger in the 21st century, while solving the environmental problems that have accumulated over the past hundred years. The international community sees a way out in the development of a “green” economy, an integral part of which is agriculture. The current state of technology development enables the use of innovative methods of agricultural activities, including biotechnology. However, the consequences of their use for humans and the environment are completely unknown. Biotechnologies make it possible to obtain agricultural products with pre-defined characteristics, adapt their cultivation and production to unfavorable natural conditions, and increase labor productivity. But at the same time, the UN and FAO strategic planning documents note that produced agricultural products shall be safe for human health, and agricultural activities shall have a minimal impact on the environment. Therefore, the need for the formation and development of a model of “green” agriculture is justified at the international level. In Russia, attention is also paid to the production of products that are as safe as possible for both humans and the environment. At the same time, the current state of legal regulation of “green” agriculture does not allow us to speak about the formed effective model of legal regulation of the production of environmentally safe agricultural products. Legal problems and conflicts of the current legislation do not allow our country to take a competitive position in the international market of agricultural products. The purpose of this article is to provide a legal analysis of the current legislation and identify possible solutions to the legal problems of “green” agriculture, as well as to form a conceptual model of its legal regulation. Using the methods of comparative analysis, legal hermeneutics, and legal modeling, a legal analysis of the modern legal regulation of “green” agriculture is carried out and a conceptual model of its legal regulation is determined, based on which proposals for improving legislation in the considered sphere of public relations are formulated.

Researchers repeatedly noted that M.M. Bakhtin’s works are characterized by integration of musical culture into theoretical discourse, which is expressed in his appeal to the conceptual sphere of musical art and use of musical terminology as an instrument of literary, aesthetic, and cultural analysis. However, when examining Bakhtin’s connection with music, researchers, as a rule, discuss “music in general”, without specifying which music Bakhtin used to listen. The paper discusses the phenomenon of “the musical world of Bakhtin”, including his music experience, personal and creative contacts with musicians. The authors find out musical sources of Bakhtin’s creative intuitions. Based on the study of Bakhtin’s collection of gramophone records (now located in the M. M. Bakhtin Center of the Mordovia State University), published and oral memories of people personally communicating with Bakhtin, and other sources, his individual musical preferences are identified, and the circle of his favorite composers and performers is determined. It is emphasized that the phenomenon of the “Bakhtin’s musical world” is a “marker” of his commitment to the tendency of interaction and synthesis of arts, intermediality, and the objectification of the idea of cultural synthesis, which was one of the prevailing philosophical and cultural intuitions of Russian symbolism.

Development of an automatic cooling system control by the Zelio Logic controller. Development of the simulation model of the open-loop system “frequency inverter – asynchronous motor with IR-compensation” in Matlab Simulink. Analysis of the transient characteristics ω = f(t), M = f(t) at the start of the asynchronous motor.

This paper presents research of special modes of AC drives operation. The possibility of obtaining of vibrational and vibrational-rotational modes of the AC drives on the basis of multipurpose polyharmonic mode of actuating motor operation is shown. Multipurpose electric motor with improved power characteristics (double-fed machine) has been proposed as the actuating motor of the electroactivator of the coal grizzley. The formation algorithm of polyharmonic operation mode of the double-fed machine is developed. This algorithm allows studying different types of special modes of actuating motor. Research results of dynamic parameters of a universal electric motor of the electroactivator of the coal grizzley are presented. The practical significance of the study of using of double-fed machine in the primary coal processing is shown.

The creeping speed mode is studied with calculation of the resultant vector of the flux linkage ψ0 of the double-fed machine. It is shown that use of the double-fed machine as the actuating motor in the creeping speed mode increases the working off accuracy of the motion law. A mathematical model of the double-fed machine to study various modes of the CNC machine including the creeping speed mode is developed. The method to estimate the load parameters of the double-fed machine is presented. Practical implication of the study is confirmed by the results obtained in the evaluation of the influence of load parameters on the dynamic indicators of actuating electromotor.

Abstract: S., Objective: To study an influence of the adamantane derivative hemantane on the electrical activity of the brain structures of mice at the early and late (severe) stages of experimental modeling of Parkinson's disease (PD)., Material and Methods: For experimental modeling of PD in C57BL/6J mice, 30 male C57BL/6J mice weighing 25-32 g were systemically (intraperitoneally) administered proneurotoxin MPTP in two modes corresponding to different clinical stages of the disease: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1.2.3.6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) at a dose of 12 mg/kg, 4 times and 20 mg/kg, 4 times with an interval of 2 hours, respectively., Results: At the early and late clinical stages of experimental modeling of PD in the brain structures of mice (sensorimotor cortex, substantia nigra, caudate nucleus), EEG desynchronization, an increase in wave amplitude, and an increase in the power spectrum in the range of delta frequencies and beta frequencies are observed at the late symptomatic stage experimental model of PD along with a decrease in electrical activity in the range of 4-12 Hz. Preliminary application of the adamantane derivative hemantane at a dose of 20 mg/kg, both in the early and late clinical stages of PD, prevented an excessive increase in the amplitudes of all groups of waves, normalized theta activity in the range of 4-12 Hz, reduced pathological slowing and dysregulation activity in the ranges delta and beta waves, with the prevalence of these effects in the substantia nigra of the brain of animals., Conclusion: The effect of hemantane is more pronounced at the early clinical stage of experimental modeling of PD than at the later (full-scale) stage.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the key neurodegenerative disorders caused by a dopamine deficiency in the striatum due to the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The initially discovered A53T mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene was linked to the formation of cytotoxic aggregates: Lewy bodies in the DA neurons of PD patients. Further research has contributed to the discovery of beta- and gamma-synucleins, which presumably compensate for the functional loss of either member of the synuclein family. Here, we review research from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity models and various synuclein-knockout animals. We conclude that the differences in the sensitivity of the synuclein-knockout animals compared with the MPTP neurotoxin are due to the ontogenetic selection of early neurons followed by a compensatory effect of beta-synuclein, which optimizes dopamine capture in the synapses. Triple-knockout synuclein studies have confirmed the higher sensitivity of DA neurons to the toxic effects of MPTP. Nonetheless, beta-synuclein could modulate the alpha-synuclein function, preventing its aggregation and loss of function. Overall, the use of knockout animals has helped to solve the riddle of synuclein functions, and these proteins could be promising molecular targets for the development of therapies that are aimed at optimizing the synaptic function of dopaminergic neurons.

Corynebacterium spp. are part of the human microbiome, but can cause the development of inflammatory diseases of various localization. Purpose - to evaluate the relationship between pathogenic properties and resistance to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) of Corynebacterium spp. from patients with inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. Strains of Corynebacterium spp. isolated from patients with inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract (99 pcs.) and practically healthy individuals (33 pcs.). Isolates were identified by mass spectrometric method (MALDI-ToFMS), their adhesive and invasive activity on Hep-2 cells, cytopathic effect (CPE) in CHO-K1 cell culture, and resistance to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) were determined. Indicators of adhesion (3.65±0.679(CFU±m)x102/ml), invasion (1.72±0.230 (CFU±m)x102/ml), cytotoxicity (69.1±3.8% of dead CHO-K1 cells ) Corynebasterium spp. strains isolated from patients are higher (p≤0.05) than similar indicators in practically healthy people. 90.9% of isolates from patients had resistance to AMD, in most cases (57.6±4.9%) resistance to only one AMP was noted, less often to two (25.2±4.3%), three or more (8.08±2.7%). According to the results of correlation-regression analysis, pathogenic properties (adhesiveness, invasiveness, cytotoxicity) of Corynebacterium spp. strains isolated from patients are in close direct relationship with resistance to AMD. This indicates the importance of identifying strains of non-diphtheria corynebacteria resistant to AMDs, which, under the influence of developing resistance to AMDs, can increase their pathogenic potential, moving from commensalism to parasitism., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

We studied the effect of single and repeated intranasal administration of antibodies to glutamate in experimental parkinsonian syndrome induced by injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to C57BL/6J mice. Intranasal administration of anti-glutamate antibodies to mice in parallel with administration of MPTP over 10 days alleviated parkinsonian symptoms (oligokinesia and rigidity). In the serum of mice injected with antibodies to glutamate and/or MPTP, the titers of autoantibodies to glutamate and dopamine were higher than in control animals receiving saline. Single intranasal administration of anti-glutamate antibodies to mice with established parkinsonian syndrome did not affect the severity of parkinsonian symptoms.

Aim: Study the frequency of occurrence of antibiotics resistant strains of various species of Corynebacterium non diptheriae., Materials and Methods: C.pseudodiphtheriticum, C.pseudo- tuberculosis, C.xerosis, C.amycolatum, C.striatum, C. ulcerans strains isolated from patients with pathologies of respiratory and urogenital tract, as well as individuals taking prophylaxis ex- amination were used. Sensitivity to antibacterial preparations was determined by the serial dilution method., Results: The highest number of Coryniebacterium non diptheriae strains dis- played resistance to benzylpenicillin (54.8%) and lincomycin (50.7%), and lowest - to cefotaxime, cefazolin (6.8%) and vancomycin (13.7%). The highest number of antibiotics resistant strains were detected among members of C.pseudotuberculosis (100%), C.xerosis (96.0%) and C. pseudodiphtheriticum (81.0%) species. Polyresistant strains were detected most frequently among C.xerosis, C.amycolatum and C.striatum species. Strains of Corynebacterium non diptheriae most frequently displayed resistance to 1 or 2 antibacterial preparations (24.7%), less frequently - to 3 (20.5%); 4 (13.7%), 5 (4.1%) and 6 (1.4%) preparations., Conclusion: The amount of antibiotics resistant strains of Cdrynebacterium non diptheriae is large (89.0%) and non-similar in various species.

In a review of the features of the bacterial cells are Corynebacterium structure: characterized by an upper layer, highly organized cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoid. Described in detail the structure of the upper layer containing pili (fimbriae), microcapsule surface proteins - PS-2, DIP1281, 67-72r protein (hemagglutinin), porins, sialidase (neuraminidase). These components are the ability to initiate a serial of Corynebacterium work with the host cell, followed by colonization. It submitted a detailed description .of the structure and functions of cell wall structures - cord factor, which is a second barrier permeability; arabinogalactan, peptidoglycan, lipomannan and lipoarabinomannan. The structure and function of the cytoplasmic membrane as the main diffusion barrier cell cytoplasm and the genome of Corynebacterium. Presented differ- ent molecular genetic methods for the identification and differentiation of closely related species of Corynebacterium.

The article describes a clinical case of tuberculosis of of urinary tracts of a female patient with massive discharge of strain Corynebacterium riegelii from urogenital tract. The data of clinical laboratory examination of female patient are analyzed. The characteristics of isolated strain C. riegelii (high degree of isolation rate (106 and higher) expressed urease activity (decomposition of urease during 5 min), presence of hemolytic activity) with consideration for estimation of its antibiotics sensitivity. The etiologic significance of isolated species C. riegelii in development of infection process in urogenital tract is demonstrated., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The purpose of study is to analyze sensitivity of various species Corynebacterium non diphtheriaе to antibacterial pharmaceuticals. The strains of C. non diphtheriae are separated from patients with pathology of respiratory and urogenital tract and also from individuals subjected to preventive examination. The sensitivity to antibacterial pharmaceuticals was determined using technique of serial dilution in fluid growth medium on the basis values of minimal inhibitory concentration (mg per l). It is established that the most efficient antibacterial pharmaceuticals in the case of strains C. non diphtheriae proved to be Vancomycin, Cefazolin and Cefotaxime in general. In case of such particular species as С. pseudodiphtheriticum -- Cefazolin, Cefotaxime and Gentamycin; С.pseudotuberculosis -- Vancomycin, Cefazolin, Cefotaxime and Gentamycin; C. xerosis -- Cefotaxime; С.striatum -- Cefazolin and и Rifampicin. The least efficiency was manifested for strains C. non diphtheriae by Benzylpenicillin and Lincomycin in general. In case of such particular species as С. pseudodiphtheriticum and С. pseudotuberculosis -- Lincomycin and Erythromycin; C. xerosis and С. striatum -- Benzylpenicillin, Lincomycin and Erythromycin. In case of various species of C. non diphtheriae Сephalosporins (Cefotaxime and Cefazolin) can be recommended as pharmaceuticals of choice and Gentamycin and Vancomycin as reserve pharmaceuticals., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Pathogenicity factors of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae - pili, microcapsule, cell wall, pathogenicity enzymes, toxins, that determine the ability of microorganisms to consequentially interact with epithelium of entry gates of the organism, replicate in vivo, overcome cell and hu- moral mechanisms of protection, are examined in the review. Particular attention in the paper is given to species of non-diphtheria corynebacteria, that are pathogenic for human and able to produce toxins - Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Mechanisms of expression regulation of PLD-exotoxins, its interaction with immune system cells are described.

The proper identification of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae is complicated by their wide species variety, variable biochemical activity, large spectrum of diseases at which they are isolated and also by their presence in normal human micro-flora. The bacteriological method is a traditional basis for identification of corynebacteria though long (7-14 days), produces ambiguous results at cultivation of lipophilic and biochemically variable species. For final identification of nondescript species of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae it is recommended to carry out molecular genetic study using golden standard - sequencing on 16S pRNA (DNA), genes rpoB and PLD.In case of receiving of ambiguous responses of sequencing on 16S pRNA precise identification is achieved by sequencing of secondary gene rpoB that permits discovering unique differences in sequences of genomes in different species of corynebacteria (presence of genes of virulence; absence of cluster of genes responsible for production of number of saccharolytic enzymes; presence of genes coding synthesis of particular pigments, etc.). The mass-spectrometric analysis (MALDI-ToF-MS) applied for screening identification of Corynebacterium, is simple in implementation, though requires further development for more accurate differentiation of closely-related species. The poly-phase approach to identification of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae is needed which is to include chemotaxonomic, phenotypic, genotypic information required for reliable description of new clinically significant species of corynebacteria.

The comparative analysis was carried out concerning effectiveness of three techniques of identification of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae: bacteriological, molecular genetic (sequenation on 16SpRNA) andmass-spectrometric (MALDI-ToFMS). The analysis covered 49 strains of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae (C.pseudodiphheriticum, C.amycolatum, C.propinquum, C.falsenii) and 2 strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated under various pathology form urogenital tract and upper respiratory ways. The corinbacteria were identified using bacteriologic technique, sequenation on 16SpRNA and mass-spectrometric technique (MALDIToF MS). The full concordance of results of species' identification was marked in 26 (51%) of strains of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae at using three analysis techniques; in 43 (84.3%) strains--at comparison of bacteriologic technique with sequenation on 16S pRNA and in 29 (57%)--at mass-spectrometric analysis and sequenation on 16S pRNA. The bacteriologic technique is effective for identification of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The precise establishment of species belonging of corynebacteria with variable biochemical characteristics the molecular genetic technique of analysis is to be applied. The mass-spectrometric technique (MALDI-ToF MS) requires further renewal of data bases for identifying larger spectrum of representatives of genus Corynebacterium.

Aim: Determine the ability of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae to induce phagocytosis and apoptosis of macrophages and evaluate regulatory effect of nuetrophilokines (NPK) induced by Corynebacterium non diphtheriae on these processes., Materials and Methods: The ability of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae, isolated from upper respiratory tract, skin and urogenital tract (UGT) were studied for the ability to induce phagocytosis and apoptosis of mice macrophages (MP; in vitro during staining by May-Grunwald with additional staining by Romanowsky-Giemsa) before and after the addition of NPK induced by Corynebacterium non diphtheriae., Results: Phagocytic index (PI) was the same for all the Corynebacterium non diphtheriae species, phagocytic number (PN) and index of phagocytosis completion (IPC)--were minimal relative to corynebacteria isolated from UGT. All the studied corynebacteria species induced MP apoptosis; the most pronounced apoptogenic effect was detected in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from UGT. NPK increased PN against corynebacteria isolated from the studied biotopes, IPC--only during studies of corynebacteria isolated from skin. The effect of NPK resulted in a reduction of apoptogenic effect for almost all the Corynebacterium non diphtheriae, regardless of the isolation location., Conclusion: A pronounced apoptogenic effect and insufficiency of phagocytosis processes induced by corynebacteria are the means of realization of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae pathogenic effect. NPK use is possible for immune correction of immune deficiency conditions developing against the background of diseases determined by Corynebacterium non diphtheriae.

The article deals with the results of study of sensitivity of strains of Corinebacterium non diphtheriae circulating in Rostov-on-Don and Rostov oblast to antibacterial preparations. The strains of Corinebacterium non diphtheriae isolated from urogenital tract (C. xerosis, C. pseudotuberculosis. C. amycolatum, C. striatum) are analyzed. The sample of 41 strains of C. non diphtheriae was used to detect the sensitivity to 9 antibacterial preparations. The technique of serial dilutions in liquid growth medium was applied. The range of variations (minimal suppressive concentration) of preparations as related to C. non diphtheriae made up 0.003-20.0 mkg/ ml. The results demonstrated that C. non diphtheriae are: highly sensitive to gentamycin, vancomycin and cefotaxime: sensitive to rifampicinum; and resistant to lincomicyn. In all analyzed strains of Corinebacterium non diphtheriae the greatest indicators of minimal suppressive concentration are detected in lincomicyn and at that the maximal indicator was for C. striatum and consisted 11.52 +/- 2.26 mkg/ml.

Aim: Characterize persistence properties and antibiotic sensitivity of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae circulating in Rostov-on-Don and Rostov Region., Materials and Methods: DNase, anti-immunoglobulin activity, hemagglutinating activity, antagonistic properties and antibiotic sensitivity of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae strains isolated from patients with inflammatory diseases of urogenital tract, pregnant women and individuals undertaking prophylactic examination were studied., Results: Lack of antagonistic interactions of C. non diphtheriae with members of opportunistic microorganisms, high anti-immunoglobulin activity against IgM and IgA, lack of hemagglutinating activity were established. Cefazolin and benzylpenicillin had the highest antibacterial activity against C. non diphtheriae, azithromycin and lincomycin--the lowest., Conclusion: Population level of C. non diphtheriae during urogenital tract disease diagnostics is necessary. Determination of their sensitivity to a wide specter of antibacterial preparations is reasonable for optimal selection of therapeutic agents.

The growth characteristics of an algo-bacterial community (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and bacterial satellites) were studied, as well as the mechanism and patterns of bacterial effect on algae. Four strains of predominant bacteria were isolated and partially characterized. They were assigned to the following taxa: Rhodococcus terrea, Micrococcus roseus, and Bacillus spp. A pure culture of the alga under study was obtained by plating serial dilutions on agarized media with ampicillin. Within the algo-bacterial association, the alga had a higher growth rate (0.76 day(-1)) and yield (60 microg chlorophyll/ml culture) than in pure cultures (0.4 day(-1) and 10 microg chlorophyll/ml culture, respectively). The viability of the algal cells within the association was retained longer than in pure culture. Among the isolated bacterial satellites, strains B1 and Y1, assigned to the species Rhodococcus terrae, had the highest stimulatory effect on algal growth. The culture liquid of bacteria incubated under the conditions not permitting growth stimulated algal growth; the culture liquid of actively growing bacteria had an opposite effect.

Two stress factors, hypoxia (microaerobic conditions) and a high salt concentration, if applied simultaneously to aerobic microorganisms, display an antagonistic mode of interaction. As a result, the NaCl level that is usually optimal for moderate halophiles (5-6%) becomes optimal for the growth of weak halophiles (Rhodococcus erythropolis and Shewanella sp. CN32); the halotolerant yeast Yarrowia lypolytica acquires halophilic properties (with a growth optimum at a NaCl concentration of 10%), and the growth rate of the extremely halophilic Halobacterium salinarum increases at supraoptimal salt concentrations (25-34%). This phenomenon is apparently due to multiple changes in metabolic reactions. In particular, high salt concentrations suppress respiration and the formation of enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) that protect the cell from toxic oxygen species. Therefore, establishment of microaerobic conditions compensates for the loss of these protective mechanisms and enables cell growth at higher salt concentrations than under aerobic conditions. Of some importance can also be the increase in the intracellular concentrations of osmoprotectants caused by the suppression of their intracellular oxidation. The implications of this phenomenon for the ecophysiology of microorganisms (including oiloxidizing species) and for the classification of weak and moderate halophiles are discussed.

The capacity of microorganisms from different taxa to adapt to stress conditions with the help of extracellular factors exhibiting similar mechanisms of action was demonstrated. The action of adaptation factors synthesized by the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli, the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis, and the yeast Candida utilis was characterized in biological tests. It was demonstrated that the factor of accelerated adaptation to new media (FAANM) and the growth-rate-reducing factor (factor X(II)), which decreases the rate of exponential culture growth, were synthesized by all microorganisms tested. Antilysin (factor X(I)), which accelerates cell adaptation to N-ethylmaleimide, was not produced by C. utilis.

The peculiarities of the clinical picture in acute pneumonia in patients with sensibilization of an organism (pronounced rhino-conjunctival syndrome and more prolonged hyperthermic reaction in acute period, frequent aggravations of allergic process) require application of antiallergic therapy. Depending on the character of immunopathological reactions the complex treatment can be provided using administration of desensibilizing drugs, medications of non-specific desensibilization, natrium chromoglicate, corticosteroids, and sometimes plasmapheresis and hemosorption.