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Cast resin busbars are widely used in power plants and substations to facilitate compact installation of high-voltage complexes and devices, helping to ensure the reliable operation and long service life of equipment. Although the most widespread high voltage cast resin busbars are found in electrical installations for a rated voltage of 6 – 35 kV, there are technical solutions for their use in higher voltage classes. Research currently being carried out at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (NRU "MPEI") aimed at improving the insulating structures of modern busbars envisages the creation of innovative busbars based on new composite materials and employing built-in digital diagnostic and monitoring devices, which will be capable operating within a voltage class of 6 – 110 kV. One of the main objectives of the study, whose intermediate results are presented in this article, is to solve the problem of ensuring continuous monitoring of the insulation state of cast resin busbars. In this work, a rational choice of parameters necessary for an effective diagnostic monitoring system is presented along with an overview of modern devices and methods for their continuous control. Primary sensors for measuring the identified parameters comprise compact current and voltage transducers that can be easily built into the cast insulation of busbars, along with capacitive-type contactless electric field and acoustic partial discharge (PD) transducers working in combination with thermal resistances. As a result of the study, key directions for the development of monitoring systems for high voltage cast resin busbars were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reveals the features of the payment infrastructure of cross-border trade between China and Russia on the background of geopolitical risks. The authors emphasize the importance of organization and mechanisms of mutual payments between the two states. The risks of using international payment and clearing systems for Russia and China are noted. The development of national payment systems and national systems of financial information transmission in these countries are analyzed. The role and the transformation of traditional forms of payment mechanisms in Russian-Chinese cross-border settlements are defined. The purpose of the article is to perform system analysis and evaluate existing payment schemes today in trade between Russia and China. Methods. In this research methods of logistical and statistical analysis were used, which helped identify key trends, individual problems and prospects from this perspective. Results. Due to the global economy fragmentation and increased international competition, a fundamental reorientation of approaches to the organization of international trade settlements takes place as a factor of reducing the vulnerabilities of foreign economic activity. Novelty. The authors have systematized in details various ways of Russian-Chinese cross-border settlements, using elements of national payment systems that influence intercountry trade turnover, reducing global threats to national economies.

Power sector decarbonization is currently seen as a necessary condition of sustainable development in the modern world. options of resources-rich economies. Energy modeling is an effective measure to elaborate long-term decarbonisation policies. However, energy modeling evidence available for resources-rich economies remain up to the date limited, especially in part of realistic representation of the power system operation. We apply open code and open data approach to fill this gap considering a case study for Kazakhstan power system. The modeling input datasets have been validated against independent data sources with a satisfactory result. The simulation outputs are plausible both in terms reproducing the main features of the “pragmatic” scenario and in providing useful insights for the implementation of net-zero pathways. Renewable energy sources have been found to be economically viable even under the considered “pragmatic” scenario with quite conservative assumptions. Existing coal generation has been shown to dominate the investments costs hampering implementation of renewable power. A role of the power interconnection has been demonstrated for an economically optimal generation mix and a level of marginal electricity costs across the country. The results are intended to support energy transition implementation in the resources-rich economies under realistic technological assumptions.