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In the present study, we aimed to identify the obliteration outcomes, complications, and predictors in gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) at a tertiary center in a developing country in a 15-year experience.We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and GKRS procedures of patients who had undergone GKRS from 2006 to 2011 (cohort 1) and from 2011 to 2020 (cohort 2) at Cho Ray Hospital, Vietnam. The exclusion criteria included patients with24 months of follow-up without obliteration or AVM-related hemorrhage during the study period.A total of 870 patients were included in the final analysis. The patients in cohort 1 had had significantly smaller AVMs (8.4 ± 11.6 cmGKRS is a safe and effective treatment of brain AVMs. The lack of prior AVM hemorrhage, an eloquent location, and higher AVM were unfavorable predictors for post-GKRS obliteration.

Hyperelastic materials are special types of material that tends to behavior elastically when they are subjected to very large strains. These materials show not only the nonlinear material behavior but also the large deformation and stress-strain relationship is derived from a strain energy density function. Hyperelastic materials are widely used in many applications such as biological tissues, polymeric foams, and moreover. Neo - Hookean is a material model for hyperelastic solid which contains only two material parameters: bulk modulus and shear modulus. In the field of numerical analysis, the radial point interpolation method (RPIM) is a well-known meshfree method based on Garlekin's weak form. With the property of “free of mesh”, the RPIM approach shows its advantage for large deformation problems. In this study, a meshless radial point interpolation method is applied to demonstrate the elastic response of rubber-like materials based on the Mooney- Rivlin model. The obtained results are compared with the reference solutions given by other methods to verify the accuracy of the proposed method.