125 results on '"Vuko, Tina"'
Search Results
2. Understanding the Big 4 Effect on Earnings Quality Via Audit Adjustments
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Sodan, Slavko, primary, Vuko, Tina, additional, and Aljinovic Barac, Zeljana, additional
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- 2024
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3. What can auditors tell us about accounting manipulations?
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Aljinovic Barac, Zeljana, Vuko, Tina, and Šodan, Slavko
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- 2017
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4. Understanding Earnings Predictive Ability by Revealing the Audit Effect
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Vuko, Tina, primary, Sodan, Slavko, additional, and Aljinovic Barac, Zeljana, additional
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- 2023
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5. How effective is internal auditors' cyber security assurance?
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Čular, Marko, Drašček, Matej, Slapničar, Sergeja, and Vuko Tina
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Cyber security ,Internal audit ,Risk management ,CSA Index - Abstract
The European Confederation of Institute of Internal Auditors recognises cyber security (CS) as one of the top five business risks. The recent global pandemic has only intensified it by telecommuting, expanding work environment with videoconferencing software, adding personal devices, and private WiFi networks to organization’s systems. Despite orchestrated efforts in CS risk management, the number of successful attacks is still growing. Principles of sound risk management warrant that cyber security risk management is organised in the three lines model. Business units together with the information technology function represent the first line. The information security risk management represents the second line of cyber security. An independent assurance that CS risk management strategy, policies, procedures and controls are effective if is provided by the third line the internal audit function (IAF). Yet, many IAFs lack expertise and resources in the area of cyber security. This eBrochure reports the findings of a joint research project of the University of Queensland (Australia) and the University of Split (Croatia) about the effectiveness of cyber security risk assurance. We developed an original Index of CS assurance effectiveness and measured it on a large-scale international sample. 183 of Chief Audit Executives (CAE) and IT auditors from 20 different countries, organizations of various sizes and industries participated in the survey from the end of May 2020 till the beginning of August 2020.
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- 2022
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6. A Report on the Insights on Audit Quality Topic
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Aljinović Barać, Željana, Šodan, Slavko, Vuko, Tina, Janjusevic, Jelena, Hopkinson, Paul, and Pandza Bajs, Irena
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audit quality, Big N Auditor, financial reporting quality - Abstract
This paper provides theoretical background and literature review on the audit quality (AQ), dealing with the questions of AQ definition and measurement, and whether Big 4 auditors provide higher AQ than non-Big 4 auditors. Accounting standards require a high-quality financial reporting system to provide decision-useful information that is relevant, and faithfully represents underlying economic reality of the firm's activities and its financial condition. Both academics and practitioners agree that an essential feature of the financial reporting process is financial reporting quality (FRQ), but still there is no consensus on its definition and meaning. FRQ is commonly described as a function of AQ, the quality of the firm's financial reporting system which maps its underlying economics into financial reports, and its innate characteristics which determine its underlying economics. However, there is also no consensus on definition and measurement of AQ because the amount of assurance provided by auditors is unobservable. The contribution of this paper is the review of the most relevant AQ measures and discussion on their advantages and disadvantages. Although most of the previous research deals with the output-based proxies on the auditor supply side, recently, the focus has turned to input-based proxies on the client demand side, such as audit fees and auditor size. Thus, this paper additionally deals with homogeneity of audit quality across audit firms, i.e., reconsidering whether large audit firms deliver higher audit quality, as signalled by their reputation and by the "deep-pockets" hypothesis. However, the arguments why smaller audit firms could provide comparable audit quality will be debated, and strengths and weaknesses when engaging Big N or non-big N auditors will be listed.
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- 2022
7. Disentangling Audit Quality – A New Perspective on an Old Issue
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Aljinovic Barac, Zeljana, primary, Sodan, Slavko, additional, and Vuko, Tina, additional
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- 2022
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8. EAA SUBMISSION 1-12 CYBER SECURITY ASSURANCE
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Vuko, Tina, Slapnicar, Sergeja, Čular, Marko, and Drascek, Matej
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- 2020
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9. Key drivers of cybersecurity audit effectiveness: the neo-institutional perspective
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Vuko, Tina, primary, Slapničar, Sergeja, additional, Čular, Marko, additional, and Drašček, Matej, additional
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- 2021
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10. Cigarette price elasticity in Croatia – analysis of household budget surveys
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Barać, Željana Aljinović, primary, Burnać, Paško, additional, Rogošić, Andrijana, additional, Šodan, Slavko, additional, and Vuko, Tina, additional
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- 2021
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11. The Effect of Internal Auditors’ Engagement in Risk Management Consulting on External Auditors’ Reliance Decision
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Čular, Marko, primary, Slapničar, Sergeja, additional, and Vuko, Tina, additional
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- 2020
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12. How Effective Is Cyber Security Assurance by Internal Auditors?
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Vuko, Tina, primary, Slapničar, Sergeja, additional, Čular, Marko, additional, and Drašček, Matej, additional
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- 2020
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13. PRIMJENA BENFORDOVA ZAKONA U OTKRIVANJU RAČUNOVODSTVENIH PRIJEVARA
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Vuko, Tina, Čular, Marko, and Vuko, T.
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računovodstvene prijevare, Benfordov zakon, revizija - Abstract
Primjena računalne tehnologije i alata poslovne inteligencije otvara vrata brojnim mogućnostima u reviziji. Jedan takav alat je i tzv. digitalna analiza koja se temelji na primjeni Benfordovog zakona. Primjena Benfordovog zakona u reviziji je korisna jer omogućava relativno jednostavno identificiranje područja potencijalnog rizika računovodstvenih prijevara i nepravilnosti. Naime, prema Benfordovom zakonu u mnogim numeričkim setovima podataka može se uočiti određena neuniformna distribucija znamenaka, a odstupanje od Benfordove distribucije može ukazivati na prijevaru ili manipulaciju. Moguća uočena odstupanja predstavljaju važan signal za potrebna provođenja dodatnih revizijskih postupaka i testova. U ovom radu dane su osnovne informacije o Benfordovom zakonu i mogućnostima njegove primjene u reviziji.
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- 2019
14. Counting The Costs And The Benefits of (No) Smoking in Croatia
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Aljinović Barać, Željana, Markota, Ljerka, Rogošić, Andrijana, Vuko, Tina, Leko Šimić, Mirna, and Crnković Boris
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education ,health care economics and organizations ,smoking prevalence ,costs of smoking ,economic benefits of smoking ,tobacco taxation ,Croatia - Abstract
Smoking has become one of the major issues of public health in Croatia, so the research goal of this paper is to examine the evidence on the economic costs and benefits of smoking. The prevalence of smoking in Croatia measured by the number of smokers has been declining for the past decades but tobacco products are still consumed by more than a third of the Croatian population. The more restrictive tobacco regulations significantly contributed to these trends, as well as the changes in consumer habits, the rise of tobacco prices, and better health education. Tobacco consumption causes large health and non-health related costs to the affected individuals as well as to the society in general. To conduct an analysis, desk research methodology is applied, collecting data from the relevant scientific articles, international health organizations’ reports, and government bodies' publications issued from 2000 to nowadays and available on the internet. The evidence-based findings of direct and indirect costs of smoking and the benefits of smoking cessation in Croatia are summarized and discussed. Obtained results indicate the lack of country-specific research on the economic aspects of tobacco use in low- and middle-income countries in general, as well as in Croatia. Based on findings, authors recommend increased tobacco taxation policy instrument which is widely recognized as a very effective tool for positive economic consequences of (no) smoking on both households and government budget.
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- 2019
15. Elasticity of tobacco products in Croatia
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Burnać, Paško, primary, Aljinović Barać, Željana, additional, Šodan, Slavko, additional, Vuko, Tina, additional, and Rogošić, Andrijana, additional
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- 2019
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16. Tobacco Taxation in Croatia – Comparison Within EU Context
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Barać, Željana Aljinović, primary, Markota, Ljerka, additional, Rogošić, Andrijana, additional, and Vuko, Tina, additional
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- 2018
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17. TRENDOVI I PROMJENE U REVIZIJSKOM IZVJEŠTAVANJU
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Vuko, Tina and Aljinović Barać, Ž.
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revizijsko izvješće ,ključna revizijska pitanja ,transparentnost - Abstract
Posljednjih nekoliko godina na području revizijskog izvještavanja događaju se značajne, a moglo bi se čak reći i fundamentalne promjene. Ove promjene potaknute su zahtjevima investitora i drugih korisnika financijskih izvještaja za većom transparentnošću i relevantnošću revizijskog izvješća. Iako je revizijsko izvješće iznimno važno za stvaranje i održavanje povjerenja korisnika u financijske izvještaje, postojeći model revizijskog izvještavanja omogućava revizoru samo ograničenu komunikaciju, pretežito standardiziranog tipa o pitanjima koja su bila važna za reviziju. Upravo to se sada promijenilo. Uvođenjem koncepta „ključna revizijska pitanja“ u model revizijskog izvještavanja za listana društva, revizori po prvi puta u povijesti imaju i priliku i izazov da što kvalitetnije upoznaju korisnike revidiranih financijskih izvještaja s onim pitanjima koja su, prema njihovoj profesionalnoj prosudbi, bila od najvećeg značaja za reviziju financijskih izvještaja tekućeg razdoblja. Na taj način želi se obnovit interes korisnika za revizijsko izvješće te potaknuti njihovu pozornost na važna pitanja koja je revizor naveo u izvješću. Dodatno, ovakvim načinom izvještavanja stvara se podloga za eventualnu buduću komunikaciju revizora s menadžmentom i onima koji su zaduženi za upravljanje te se usmjerava pozornost menadžmenta na kvalitetu objava u financijskim izvještajima. Početak primjene novog modela revizijskog izvještavanja prema Međunarodnim revizijskim standardima odnosi se na revizije financijskih izvještaja za razdoblja koja završavaju na dan ili nakon 15. prosinca 2016. godine. Iako s primjenom treba započeti uskoro, Hrvatska revizorska komora još uvijek nije objavila izmijenjene i nove standarde revizijskog izvještavanja. Cilj ovog rada je dati kratki prikaz i osvrt na najznačajnije trendove i promjene koje su uvedene u novi model revizijskog izvještavanja.
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- 2016
18. Determinante revizijskih naknada u Republici Hrvatskoj
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Vitezić, Neda, Vuko, Tina, and Perić, Hrvoje
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revizijske naknade ,objavljivanje ,determinante revizijskih naknada ,revizijske naknade, čimbenici potražnje i ponude, objavljivanje - Abstract
Politika određivanja i reguliranja revizijskih naknada dugogodišnja je i uvijek aktualna problematika, kako sa stručnog tako i sa znanstvenog aspekta. Naime, visina revizijskih naknada ima brojne implikacije na kvalitetu pruženih revizijskih usluga, razinu cjenovne konkurencije na tržištu revizijskih usluga, troškove obveznika revizijskih usluga, mogućnosti nadoknade štete u slučaju sudskog spora protiv revizora i sl. Stoga je osnovna svrha ovog rada istražiti i analizirati potencijalno relevantne čimbenike koji utječu na visinu revizijskih naknada u Republici Hrvatskoj. Istraživanje je provedeno na poduzećima čiji su vrijednosni papiri bili uvršteni na tržište kapitala u Republici Hrvatskoj u 2013. i 2014. godini. Međutim, iako je obveza objavljivanja revizijskih naknada uvedena još 2009. godine, veliki broj poduzeća i dalje ne objavljuje taj podatak u svojim bilješkama uz financijske izvještaje. Stoga je u konačnici uzorak na kojemu je provedeno istraživanje činilo tek tridesetak poduzeća godišnje od ukupno 135 koliko ih je inicijalno analizirano. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja pokazuju da su značajne determinante visine revizijskih naknada u Republici Hrvatskoj veličina revidiranog subjekta, vrsta vlasništva i vrsta revizijskog društva. Rezultati istraživanja mogli bi biti zanimljivi znanstvenicima i stručnjacima, revizorima, revizorskim asocijacijama, obveznicima revizije, regulatorima, kao i drugim zainteresiranim dionicima.
- Published
- 2016
19. Analysis of annual report disclosure quality for listed companies in transition countries
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Pivac, Snjezana, primary, Vuko, Tina, additional, and Cular, Marko, additional
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- 2017
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20. The Role And Effectiveness Of Audit Committee In Corporate Governance Of Credit Institutions
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Vuko, Tina, Maretić, Marija, and Čular, Marko
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Efficiency Index of Audit Committee ,Corporate Governance ,Audit Committee ,health services administration ,education ,Financial ,Financial Institutions ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the role and effectiveness of internal mechanism (audit committee) of corporate governance on credit institutions performance in Croatia. Based on research objective, sample of 78 credit institutions listed on Zagreb Stock Exchange, from 2007 to 2012, has been collected and efficiency index of audit committee (EIAC) has been created. Based on the sample and created EIAC, conclusions are as follows: audit committees of credit institutions have medium efficiency, based on EIAC measurement; there is a significant difference in audit committee effectiveness, in observed period; there is no positive relationship between audit committee effectiveness and credit institution performance; there is a significant difference between level of audit committee effectiveness and audit firm type. Future research should contain increased number of elements in EIAC creation and increased sample, for all obligators who need to establish audit committee., {"references":["A. Ajanthan, S. Balaputhiran, B. Nimalathashan, \"Corporate\nGovernance and Banking Performance: a Comparative Study between Private and State Banking Sector in Sri Lanka\". Šri Lanka, University of\nJaffna, Jaffna, 2013.","M. Bahreini, M. Mat Zain, \"Impact of Corporate Governance on\nPerformance of Banking Sector in Malaysia\". Malezija, Research\nJournal of Finance and Accounting, 2013.","F. Fidanoski, V. Mateska, K. Simeonovski, \"Corporate Governance and\nBank Performance: Evidence from Macedonia\". Makedonija, Munich\nPersonal RePEc Archive, 2013.","Hanfa, Korporativno upravljanje (web), available at:\nhttp://www.hanfa.hr/HR/nav/203/korporativno-upravljanje.html\n(20.04.2014).","M. Hoque, R. Islam, H. Ahmed, \"Corporate Governance and Bank\nPerformance: The Case of Bangladesh\". Bangladeš United International\nUniversity, 2013.","S. Pivac, Statističke metode. Split, Ekonomski fakultet u Splitu, 2010.","Registar godišnjih financijskih izvještaja, Javna objava (web), available\nat: http://rgfi.fina.hr/JavnaObjava-web/jsp/prijavaKorisnika.jsp\n(20.04.2014).","D. Tipurić i suradnici, Korporativno upravljanje. Zagreb, Sinergija,\n2010.","B. Tušek, D. Filipović, I. Pokrovac, \"Uloga revizijskog odbora u\npovećanju efikasnosti eksternih i internih mehanizama korporativnog\nupravljanja\". Zagreb, Zbornik ekonomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu, 2008.\n[10] B. Tušek, I. Filipović, D. Filipović, \"Istraživanje odnosa eksterne\nrevizije i nadzornog odbora u Republici Hrvatskoj\", Zagreb, Zbornik\nEkonomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu, 2009.\n[11] Zakon o reviziji, Narodne novine, br. 144/12, Zagreb."]}
- Published
- 2015
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21. The Determinants Of Voluntary Disclosure In Croatia
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Aljinović Barać, Zeljana, Granic, Marina, and Vuko, Tina
- Subjects
Annual report ,Voluntary disclosure ,Disclosure index ,Croatian companies - Abstract
Study investigates the level and extent of voluntary disclosure practice in Croatia. The research was conducted on the sample of 130 medium and large companies. Findings indicate that two thirds of the companies analyzed disclose below-average number of additional information. The explanatory analyses has shown that firm size, listing status and industrial sector significantly and positively affect the level and extent of voluntary disclosure in the annual report of Croatian companies. On the other hand, profitability and ownership structure were found statistically insignificant. Unlike previous studies, this paper deals with level of voluntary disclosure of medium and large companies, as well as companies whose shares are not listed on the organized capital market, which can be found as our contribution. Also, the research makes contribution by providing the insights into voluntary disclosure practices in Croatia, as a case of macro-oriented accounting system economy, i.e. bank oriented economy with an emerging capital market., {"references":["Financial Accounting Standards Board, Conceptual Framework. FASB, US, 2000.","A.J.H. Enthoven, \"Accounting in developing countries\" in Comparative International Accounting, C.Nobes, R.B.Parker, Eds. Oxford: Philip Allan, 1985, pp. 217-237","M. C. Jensen, W. H. Meckling, \"Theory of the firm: Managerial behaviour, agency costs and ownership structure\", Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 3 No. 4, pp 305–360, October, 1976.","M.L. Bhasin, R.R. Makarov, N.S. Orazalin, \"Determinants of Voluntary Disclosure in the Banking Sector: An Emprical Study\", International Journal of Conterporary Business Studies, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp 60 – 71, March, 2012.","R. La Porta, F. Lopez-de-Silanes, A. Shleifer, A \"The economic consequences of legal origin\", Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 46 No. 2, pp 285–332, 2008.","A. Agca, S. Önder, \"Voluntary Disclosure in Turkey: A Study on Firms Listed in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE)\", Problems and Perspectives in Management, Vol. 5, Iss. 3, pp 241 - 251, 2007.","E. Bonsón, T. Escobar, \"A Survey on Voluntary Disclosure on the Internet. Empirical Evidence from 300 European Union Companies\", The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 27-51, 2002.","L.L. Eng, Y.T. Mak, \"Corporate governance and voluntary disclosure\", Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Vol. 22, No.4, pp. 325-345, 2003.","G. K. Chau, S. J. Gray, \"Ownership structure and corporate voluntary disclosure in Hong Kong and Singapore\", The International Journal of Accounting, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 247-264, 2002.\n[10]\tC. A. Botosan, \"Disclosure level and the cost of equity capital\", The Accounting Review, Vol. 72. No. 3, pp. 323–349, 1997.\n[11]\tC. Leuz, R. Verrecchia, \"The economic consequences of increased disclosure\", Journal of Accounting Research, No. 38, pp 91–124, 2000.\n[12]\tT.E. Cooke, \"The impact of size, stock market listing and industry type on disclosure in the annual reports of Japanese listed companies\", Accounting and Business Research, Vol. 22, No. 87, pp. 229-237, 1992.\n[13]\tG. Meek, C.B. Roberts, S.J. Gray, \"Factors influencing voluntary annual report disclosures by U.S., U.K. and continental European Multinational corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, (Third Quarter Issue), pp 555-572, 1995.\n[14]\tR. M. Hanifa, T.E Cooke, \"Culture, Corporate Governance and Disclosure in Malaysian Corporations\", ABACUS, Vol. 38, pp. 317-349, 2002. \n[15]\tK. Naser, A. Al-Hussaini, D. Al-Kwari, R. Nuseibeh, \" Determinants of corporate social disclosure in developing countries: The case of Qatar\", Advances in International Accounting, No. 19, pp. 1–23, 2006.\n[16]\tK. Alsaeed, \"The association between firm-specific characteristics and disclosure: The case of Saudi Arabia\", Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, Vol. 7. No. 1,pp. 310−321, 2006.\n[17]\t I. Adelopo, \"Voluntary disclosure practices amongst listed companies in Nigeria\", Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting No. 27, pp. 338–345, 2011.\n[18]\t M. Hossain, H. Hammami, \"Voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of an emerging country: The case of Qatar\", Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting No. 25, pp. 255-265, 2009.\n[19]\tB. Chatterjee, S. Mirshekary, O. Al Farooque, M. Safari, \"Users' Information Requirements and Narrative Reporting: The Case of Iranian Companies\", Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.79-96, 2010.\n[20]\tM. T. Momany, S. A-D. Al-Shorman, \"Web-Based Voluntary Financial Reporting of Jordanian Companies\", International Review of Business Research Papers Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 127 – 139, October 2006\n[21]\tK. Dahawy, \"Company Characteristics and Disclosure Level: The Egyptian Story, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, Vol. 34, pp 194-208, December, 2009. \n[22]\tR. Abdur, \"Ownership Structure and Voluntary Disclosure in Annual Reports of Bangladesh\", Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No.1, pp. 129-139, 2011.\n[23]\tV. Bogdan, C.M. Pop, D.N. Popa, C. Scorte, \"Voluntary internet financial reporting and disclosure – a new challenge for Romanian companies\", The Journal of the Faculty of Economics – Economic, Vol. 3, No.1, pp. 770-778, May 2009. \n[24]\tI. Pervan: \"Voluntary Financial Reporting on the Internet: Analysis of the Practice of Stock-Market Listed Croatian and Slovene Joint Stock Companies\", Financial Theory and Practice, Vol.30 No.1, pp 1- 27, March 2006.\n[25]\tInternet, available at www.hanfa.hr, (19.06.2013).\n[26]\tA. E. Froidevaux, Investor Relation Internet Disclosure and the Cost of Equity Capital, The Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Fribourg. Fribourg, Switzerland, 2004.\n[27]\tH. Jiang, A. Habib, \"The Impact of Ownership Concentration on Voluntary Disclosure Practices in New Zealand\", Accounting Research Journal, Vol. 22, Iss. 3, pp. 275-304, 2009.\n[28]\tSteering Committee Report, Insights into Enhancing Voluntary Disclosures, Business Reporting Research Project. FASB, US, 2001. \n[29]\tZagreb Stock Exchange, \"Pregled trgovine u 2012.\", Internet, available at http://www.zse.hr/UserDocsImages/reports/ZSE-2012.pdf, (19.06.2013.)\n[30]\tInternet, available at http://rgfi.fina.hr/JavnaObjava-web, (16.07.2013.)"]}
- Published
- 2014
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22. Finding determinants of audit delay in Croatia by pooled OLS regression analysis
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Vuko, Tina and Čular, Marko
- Subjects
health services administration ,Audit delay ,Timeliness of corporate reporting ,Listed companies ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate determinants of audit delay. Audit delay is measured as the length of time (i.e. the number of calendar days) from fiscal year-end to the audit report date. Understanding factors that influence audit delay is important since it directly affects the timeliness of financial reporting. The research is conducted on a sample of Croatian listed companies, covering the period of four years (from 2008 to 2011). We use pooled OLS regression analysis, modelling audit delay as a function of following explanatory variables: audit firm type, audit opinion, profitability, leverage, inventory and receivables to total assets, absolute value of total accruals, company size and audit committee existence. Our results indicate that audit committee existence, profitability and leverage are statistically significant determinants of audit delay in Croatia.
- Published
- 2014
23. SURADNJA UNUTARNJE I DRŽAVNE REVIZIJE U JAVNOM SEKTORU
- Author
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Vuko, Tina, Dropulić, Ivana, and Bandalo, Ivana
- Subjects
unutarnja revizija ,državna revizija ,javni sektor - Abstract
Unutarnja revizija pruža proraþunskim korisnicima podršku u ostvarivanju ciljeva koji se odnose na poboljšanje djelotvornosti organizacijskih procesa upravljanja rizicima, kontrola i gospodarenja. Kontinuiranim usavršavanjem unutarnjih kontrola otklanjaju se rizici koji prijete uspješnom poslovanju organizacije te omoguüava postojanje stabilne poslovne organizacije. Državna revizija provjerava unutarnje kontrole i unutarnju reviziju dobivajuüi smjernice u pogledu uþinkovitosti poslovanja revidiranog subjekta. Osim skraüivanja posla, organizirana unutarnja revizija omoguüava nižu stopu detekcijskog rizika. Zajedniþkim djelovanjem državne i unutarnje revizije nastoji se promicati odgovorno i racionalno korištenje javnih sredstava te zaštita od zlouporabe i korupcije. Prema tome, podruþje djelovanja unutarnjih i vanjskih (državnih) revizora, iako u mnogoþemu razliþito, je komplementarno. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je analiza stupanja povezanosti i naþina suradnje izmeÿu unutarnje i državne revizije. Analizirano je na koje naþine i u kolikoj mjeri unutarnja i državna revizija mogu suraÿivati na obostranu korist i na koje naþine mogu taj odnos kontinuirano usavršavati, te u kolikoj mjeri i s kolikom pouzdanošüu se oslanja državna revizija na rezultate rada unutarnje revizije. Empirijsko istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku ovlaštenih državnih revizora koji posluju u Republici Hrvatskoj. Podatci potrebni za istraživanje prikupljeni su metodom anketnog upitnika. Rezultati provedenog empirijskog istraživanja pokazuju da je suradnja izmeÿu unutarnje i državne revizije umjerenog intenziteta te da doprinos državne revizije razvoju unutarnje revizije i sustava interne kontrole još uvijek nije visok. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata istraživanja te iznesenih sugestija državnih revizora za unaprjeÿenje suradnje izmeÿu unutarnje i državne revizije u okviru otvorenog pitanja u anketnom upitniku, formirane su konaþne preporuke za unaprjeÿenje suradnje izmeÿu unutarnje i državne revizije.
- Published
- 2014
24. Comparative Analysis of Annual Report Disclosure Quality for Slovenian and Croatian Listed Companies
- Author
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Pivac, Snježana, Vuko, Tina, Čular, Marko, Zadnik Stirn, Lidija, Žerovnik, Janez, Povh, Janez, Drobne, Samo, and Lisec, Anka
- Subjects
annual report ,Disclosure quality index ,transparency ,multi-criteria ranking ,binary logistic regression - Abstract
This paper analyzes disclosure quality of annual reports for Slovenian and Croatian listed companies, for the year 2011. Fourth and seventh EU directives require companies in both countries to provide specific disclosures through their annual reports. This paper examines the level of corporate disclosure in annual report of listing companies, by constructing appropriate disclosure quality index (DQI) and applying relevant statistical analysis. Based on conducted comparative analysis, it can be concluded that Slovenian companies have greater level of disclosure quality than Croatian.
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- 2013
25. Effects of working capital management on profitability : evidence from Croatia
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Aljinović Barać, Željana, Vuko, Tina, Vučak, Tonči, Kandžija, V, and Kumar, A.
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working capital management ,profitability ,trade industry ,Croatia - Abstract
Working capital management includes managing the relations between firm’s short-term assets and liabilities in order to obtain the optimum level of both. The objective of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of working capital management on the profitability on the sample of trading firms, because the trade industry is the most common type of activity in Croatia. The effects of different variables of working capital management including the average collection period, inventory turnover in days, average payment period and cash gap are researched. Variables of return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are employed as measures of company's profitability. The variables of debt ratio, sales growth, size of the company and working capital to total assets ratio have also been used for controlling the working capital management policy. Our findings are not consistent with the view of the traditional working capital theory and previous research results. Obtained results show that only the number of days accounts receivable is statistically significant correlated with the return on equity while statistically significant relation between other variables examined have not been found. Finally, statistically significant difference in working capital management policy between wholesale and retail trading companies is found.
- Published
- 2013
26. Does financial performance have an impact on corporate sustainability and CSR disclosure - a case of Croatian companies
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Vitezić, Neda, Vuko, Tina, and Mörec, Barbara
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Sustainability ,financial performance ,Croatian enterprises - Abstract
Purpose - The main objective of this research is to investigate the link between corporate sustainability and financial performance. The question of interest is why companies make voluntary CSR disclosure or, more precisely, is profitability possible determinant for CSR activities? Design/Methodology/Approach - In order to test our hypothesis that financial performance increases the possibility that companies act socially responsible and disclose CSR reports we applied logistic regression analysis. The research is conducted on a sample of Croatian enterprises covering a period of nine years. Based on signalling theory, we expect that profitable companies have strong incentives to disclose information on social activities in order to enhance their competitive advantage and to avoid an incorrect assessment of their performance. Findings - Results of the research confirm positive relation between sustainability concept of performance and financial result. Namely, companies with better financial performance and larger size companies are more aware of their corporate social performance and report on it. Research limitations/implications - The study provides a starting point for further research on sustainability in developing and emerging markets. Originality/value – This paper makes an important contribution to the knowledge of corporate social responsibility in developing countries like Croatia, which gradually accept the concept of sustainable performance. In contrast to developed countries, there has not been a sufficient amount of empirical research on the matter in these countries.
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- 2012
27. Analysis of Auditors’ Going Concern Judgment
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Vuko, Tina and Berket, Nikola
- Subjects
going concern ,audit report ,financial indicators - Abstract
The main objective of this study is to investigate association between going concern audit qualifications and different company characteristics, including audit firm size. The research applies logistic regression analysis on the sample of 332 firm-year observations for companies that are listed on Croatian capital market. Data necessary for the research are collected from published financial statements and auditor reports for the period of two years (2008 and 2009), available on FINA database. Results of the research indicate that problems caused by liquidity shortage have the most significant effects against the issuance of going concern audit report.
- Published
- 2012
28. Auditors Selection and Companies' Characteristics - Case of Croatian Capital Market
- Author
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Aljinović Barać, Željana, Šodan Slavko, Vuko, Tina, Afrić Rakitovac, Kristina, Šugar, Violeta, and Bevanda, Vanja
- Subjects
Companies’ characteristics ,financial performance ,auditor selection ,audit firm type - Abstract
The audit opinion together with financial statements represent crucial piece of information for financial statement users, especially for the capital markets participants. Since audit market in Croatia is highly competitive, companies have great possibility of auditor choice. Thereby, the aim of this paper is to empirically investigate association between auditor selection and companies’ characteristics on the sample of Croatian listed companies. Our research is based on assumption that companies with different financial and business characteristics demand different type of audit firms. In order to test stated hypotheses multinomial logistic regression is applied. The degree of association between the auditor choice and companies’ performance characteristics is measured by following financial ratios: 1) absolute value of total accruals, 2) return on equity (ROE), 3) financial leverage (debt ratio), 4) cash flow ratio and 5) BEX index as overall business excellence measure. Moreover, ownership structure and size of the company as control variables are included. Dependent variable audit firm is categorized into three groups in accordance with their reputation and size: 1) the Big Four audit firms (i.e. PriceWaterhouseCoopers, ErnstandYoung, Deloitte and KPMG) ; 2) midsize audit firms and 3) small audit firms employing only one or two certified auditors. Data necessary for the research are extracted from annual financial statements for the period from 2003 to 2008, available on HANFA database. Results of the research indicate that debt ratio, size and ownership have statistically significant influence in auditor selection.
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- 2011
29. THE SHAPE OF THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF EARNINGS METRICS – EVIDENCE FROM CROATIA
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Vuko, Tina, Aljinović Barać, Željana, and Šodan, Slavko
- Subjects
education ,earnings management ,earnings distribution ,earnings thresholds ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
The paper provides evidence on discontinuity around zero in the distribution function of reported earnings and earnings changes of companies listed on Croatian capital market. Namely, we document a significant frequency of companies reporting positive earnings while avoiding reporting losses, and unusually high frequencies of small increases in earnings. The contribution of this study can be found in the fact that it extends the existing evidence on the shapes of frequency distributions of earnings metrics around specific benchmark in alternative institutional setting.
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- 2011
30. Audit Market Structure: The Case of Croatian Listed Companies
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Vuko, Tina
- Subjects
audit market ,listed companies ,market concentration - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze audit market structure for companies listed on Croatian capital market. The research question of interest is if whether mergers and dissolutions in the audit markets have raised the level of concentration, thereby leading to reduced competition. The research is conducted on the sample of 205 non-financial companies for the year 2008. The level of concentration is measured by the concentration ratios and the Hirschman-Herfindahl index, while audit market shares are calculated using the number of clients, total assets and revenues being audited. The overall results indicate that the audit market in Croatia is still moderately concentrated.
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- 2010
31. The Audit Profession in the Balkans
- Author
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Nachescu, Miruna Lucia, Patchev, Plamen, Shkurti Perri, Rezata, Serafimoska, Marina, Vuko, Tina, and Vukovic, Bojana
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Audit ,ethics ,quality of audit missions ,professional organisms - Abstract
Most of the Balkans’ countries were under the communist regime until the 90’s and therefore had no need for auditors as the economy was in most cases a centralized one. The auditing profession birth came naturally as a requirement of the new processes undertaken after the 90’s. Therefore, we have decided to analyze the development and the characteristics of the audit profession in some of the countries in the Balkans, namely Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Romania and Serbia. The development of audit profession in the Balkans was very dynamic during the observed period, and still has many opportunities for its improvement. Namely, while in the formal sense, the profession is up to date with contemporary EU legislation it still lacks more effective monitoring and enforcement actions. The major improvement should also be made in education and cooperation between all participants of the financial reporting process in order to enhance the quality of accounting and auditing practice in the Balkans. The purpose of the present study was to identify the main similarities and differences between the evolution the audit profession in different countries in the Balkans. This can offer other researchers the background for detailed analyses of specific audit problems that can have a major impact on the economic life in this special geographic area.
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- 2010
32. Audit report and assurance engagement – Croatian experience
- Author
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Vitezić, Neda and Vuko Tina
- Subjects
Audit report ,opinion qualification ,company ,capital market - Abstract
Financial statement audit is methodological examination of financial aspects of business and its final output is publicly available audit report. Since transparent and credible reporting is very important for all potential users of such report, assurance level given by auditor is subject of consideration and judgment not only by direct users of financial statements but also of all other stakeholders. The primary goal of this study is to investigate and analyze different types of audit opinion for companies quoted on the Croatian capital market. The aim is to identify credibility of financial statements measured by audit qualifications and to find out if there are statistically significant differences in frequencies of qualification between two alternative groups of auditors (international „Big 4“ and domestic one). Research will be conducted on sample of public companies quoted on the Zagreb Stock Exchange, while audit reports will be collected from Register of financial statements - data base formed by Financial agency (FINA). To obtain results, different scientific methods will be applied, namely univariate and mulitivariate statistical analysis.
- Published
- 2010
33. USING BENFORD'S LAW TO DETECT EARNINGS MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: THE CASE OF LISTED COMPANIES IN CROATIA
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Vuko, Tina
- Subjects
Benford's law ,cosmetic earnings management ,digital analysis - Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate whether managers at Croatian capital market round earnings numbers to achieve key cognitive reference points represented by Nx10k. Following previous studies (Thomas (1989), Van Caneghem (2002), Kinnunen and Koskela (2003), Skousen at al (2004), Guan at al (2006)), we test for the rounding behavior by comparing observed and expected (i.e. estimated using Benford's law) frequencies for the second digits of positive and negative earnings numbers. The analysis employs 4.986 positive quarterly earnings observations and 4.030 negative quarterly earnings observations for publicly listed Croatian companies from year 2000 to year 2006. Contrary to our expectations, we could not find significant small upward rounding of profits from just below Nx10k (second digit nine) to just above (second digit zero) Nx10k. However, we did find more nines than expected in the second place of negative earnings numbers for total sample, but we did not document any significant decreases in zeros. Potential explanations for these results can be connected with specific characteristics of institutional settings.
- Published
- 2008
34. Audit Opinions and Account Manipulations: Evidence from Croatia
- Author
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Aljinović Barać, Željana and Vuko, Tina
- Subjects
audit opinion ,account manipulations ,financial statements - Abstract
The audit opinion, together with financial statements, represents a crucial piece of information for financial statement users, especially for the capital markets participants. Moreover, they are the only observable information about the company for external users. The aim of this paper is to test relationship between type of audit opinion and financial performance for listing public companies in Croatia in order to get some deeper insights into process of issuing audit opinion and its categories. Logistic regression model will be applied in order to examine whether certain kind of opinion is associated with auditor oriented variables, company's performance oriented variables and company's nature oriented variables.
- Published
- 2007
35. Finding determinants of audit delay by pooled OLS regression analysis
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Vuko, Tina, primary and Čular, Marko, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Stocks selection in capital markets crisis: multi-criteria approach
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Belak, Vinko, primary, Barac, Zeljana Aljinovic, additional, and Vuko, Tina, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. KOLIKO JE RAČUNOVODSTVO FER VRIJEDNOSTI ZAISTA FER?
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Barać, Željana Aljinović, Šodan, Slavko, and Vuko, Tina
- Published
- 2015
38. CONTROLLING AND BUSINESS EFFICIENCY.
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Vuko, Tina and Ojvan, Ivica
- Published
- 2013
39. ANALIZA FINANCIJSKE STABILNOSTI I USPJEŠNOSTI POSLOVANJA DRUŠTVA TOMMY d.o.o. : Završni rad
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Ćaleta, Lovre and Vuko, Tina
- Subjects
analiza financijskih izvještaja ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics. Accounting ,Tommy d.o.o ,COVID-19 ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija. Računovodstvo ,analysis of financial statements - Abstract
U RH zakonski je propisano računovodstveno praćenje poslovanja poduzeća te su iz tog razloga propisani i financijski izvještaji koje svako pojedino poduzeće ima obvezu sastavljati. Pandemija COVID-19 tijekom 2020. te 2021. godine značajnije je utjecala na poslovanje velikog broja poduzeća u RH, zbog čega se u ovom radu analizira utjecaj pandemije na poslovanje poduzeća Tommy d.o.o.. Temeljni cilj rada je uz primjenu specifičnih metoda te postupaka financijske analize utvrditi je li pandemija COVID-19 utjecala na poslovanje poduzeća Tommy d.o.o. i pritom analizirati je li utjecaj bio pozitivan ili negativan. U teorijskom dijelu ovog rada prikazani su svi relevantni podaci koji se odnose na regulatorni okvir financijskog izvještavanja i ujedno su definirane metode i postupci financijske analize, što je podloga za izradu empirijskog dijela rada. U empirijskom dijelu rada provedena je analiza financijskih izvještaja poduzeća, odnosno provedena je analiza bilance te računa dobiti i gubitka za razdoblje od 2018. do 2021. godine te je moguće zaključiti kako pandemija COVID-19 nije imala značajniji utjecaj na bilancu poduzeća. Iako je došlo do pada neto dobiti u 2020. godini, poslovanje poduzeća se vrlo brzo oporavilo tijekom 2021. godine. In the Republic of Croatia, the accounting monitoring of the company's operations is legally prescribed, and for this reason, the financial statements that each individual company is obliged to compile are also prescribed. The COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021 had a significant impact on the operations of a large number of companies in the Republic of Croatia, which is why this paper analyzes the impact of the pandemic on the operations of Tommy d.o.o. has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the operations of the company Tommy d.o.o. and at the same time analyze whether the impact was positive or negative. In the theoretical part of this paper, all relevant data related to the regulatory framework of financial reporting are presented and at the same time the methods and procedures of financial analysis are defined, which is the basis for the creation of the empirical part of the paper. In the empirical part of the work, an analysis of the company's financial statements was carried out, that is, an analysis of the balance sheet and profit and loss account for the period from 2018 to 2021 was carried out, and it is possible to conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a significant impact on the company's balance sheet. Although there was a drop in net profit in 2020, the company's operations recovered very quickly during 2021.
- Published
- 2022
40. USPOREDNA FINANCIJSKA ANALIZA POSLOVANJA VODEĆIH DRUŠTAVA U MLJEKARSKOJ INDUSTRIJI : završni rad
- Author
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Rušĉić, Ivana and Vuko, Tina
- Subjects
Dukat d.d ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics. Accounting ,dairy industry ,Meggle Hrvatska d.o.o ,Vindija d.d ,financijska analiza poslovanja ,financial business analysis ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija. Računovodstvo ,mljekarska industrija - Abstract
Temeljni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je na temelju usporedne financijske analize poslovanja odabranih društava iz mljekarske industrije donijeti zaključke o financijskoj stabilnosti i profitabilnosti njihova poslovanja. Za potrebe izrade rada korištene su metode analize i sinteze, deskripcije i eksplanacije te specifične metode financijske analize poslovanja. Kroz rad analizirano je poslovanje poduzeća Dukat d.d., Vindija d.d. i Meggle Hrvatska d.o.o. za razdoblje od 2016. godine do 2020. godine. Pomoću horizontale i vertikalne analize uočava se tendencija i dinamika promjene pojedinih pozicija temeljnih financijskih izvještaja te se daje detaljan pregled u njihove promjene. Kako bi se donijeli relevantni zaključci o financijskoj stabilnosti i profitabilnosti poslovanja odreĎenog društva, provedena je komparativna analiza financijskih pokazatelja. Covid kriza koja je zahvatili i mljekarsku industriju kroz promatrano razdoblje, najviše je naštetila poslovanju društva Meggle Hrvatska d.o.o. koje je naposljetku 2020. godine zatvorilo svoj proizvodni pogon u Osijeku. Na temelju provedenih analiza i usporedbi, može se utvrditi kako poduzeće Dukat d.d. posluje najuspješnije kroz promatrani period. No neiskorišteni izvozni potencijal od 95,8 milijuna USD, ukazuje na to da proizvođači mlijeka imaju prostora za unaprjeđenje svoga poslovanja i bolje konkurentsko pozicioniranje. This paper aims to evaluate the financial stability and profitability of the selected Croatian dairy companies by performing a comparative financial analysis using financial analysis techniques and methods. Financial analyses of companies Dukat d.d, Vindija d.d., and Meggle Hrvatska d.o.o has covered the period from 2016 to 2020. Horizontal analysis shows the dynamic of positions in the financial statements over time, while vertical analysis gives insight into the structure of items within each financial statement. A comparative financial analysis was performed using selected financial ratios to financial stability and efficiency of the business performance of each company. The COVID-induced crisis that has affected the dairy industry in the analysed period has had the most negative impact on the business performance of Meggle Hrvatska d.o.o., which caused it to close its production facility in the town of Osijek. Based on the conducted analyses and comparisons, it can be concluded that Dukat d.o.o has been the most successful business in the observed period. However, the unused export potential of USD 95.8 million indicates that milk producers have room to improve their business and the potential for their competitive positioning in the market.
- Published
- 2022
41. Mjerenje profitabilnosti poslovnog subjekta
- Author
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Žager, Lajoš, Sever Mališ, Sanja, Brozović, Mateja, and Vuko, Tina
- Subjects
sigurnost ,uspješnost ,pokazatelji profitabilnosti ,obrtaj imovine ,financijska poluga - Abstract
Da bi poslovni subjekt mogao nastaviti poslovati vremenski neograničeno, nužno je zadovoljiti dva kriterija: sigurnost i uspješnost. Iako u kratkom roku navedeni kriteriji mogu biti u suprotnosti, dugoročno su oni komplementarni te je uspješnost poduzeća preduvjet za generiranje održivog pozitivnog novčanog toka i podmirenje obveza. U kontekstu uspješnosti je bitno ostvaruje li poduzeće dobit, ali i je li ta dobit dovoljno velika s obzirom na djelatnost poduzeća, veličinu, interese vlasnika i slično. Zato se računaju pokazatelji profitabilnosti koji dobit stavljaju u odnos s određenom bazom. Kod tradicionalnih pokazatelja profitabilnosti se obično uzima dobit prije kamata i poreza ili dobit prije kamata, koja se dijeli s ukupnim prihodima, ukupnom imovinom ili kapitalom da se dobije relativni povrat koji se onda može uspoređivati s rezultatima istog poduzeća u prošlim razdobljima, konkurentima, prosjekom djelatnosti i slično. Uz tradicionalne pokazatelje profitabilnosti, postoje i alternativni ili modificirani pokazatelji profitabilnosti, koji dobit dodatno korigiraju za određene stavke poput troška amortizacije, troška restrukturiranja ili vrijednosnih usklađenja. Time se dobivaju veće stope povrata koje ima smisla promatrati ako se računa cijeli set pokazatelja profitabilnosti, ali same za sebe mogu dovesti u zabludu korisnike financijskih izvještaja i prikazati poduzeće uspješnijim nego što stvarno je, pogotovo zato što se često objavljuju u godišnjim izvješćima bez jasnog navođenja formula pomoću kojih su izračunate. Osim što je bitno definirati kako se može izmjeriti profitabilnost poduzeća, nužno je i razumjeti kako se ona može povećati, odnosno koji čimbenici će dovesti do njezinog smanjenja. Zato je potrebno uzeti u obzir i ostale financijske pokazatelje, kao što su primarno pokazatelji aktivnosti i pokazatelji zaduženosti. Veća aktivnost poduzeća u smislu bržeg obrtaja imovine dovodi do većeg povrata na imovinu. Kad bi se poduzeće financiralo isključivo vlastitim izvorima financiranja, onda bi povrat za vlasnike bio upravo toliko koliko je povrat na imovinu. Djelovanjem financijske poluge, odnosno povoljnim zaduživanjem poduzeća po kamatnim stopama koje su niže od rentabilnosti imovine, poduzeće je u mogućnosti povećati povrat koji ostvaruje za svoje vlasnike iznad stope rentabilnosti imovine. Navedeni odnosi među različitim financijskim pokazateljima prikazani su u obliku DuPontovog sustava pokazatelja, koji je u radu ilustriran na primjeru dva poduzeća. U radu je dodatno istražena profitabilnost velikih poduzeća u Hrvatskoj u 2020. godini, kao godini koja je u velikoj mjeri bila neuobičajena zbog utjecaja pandemije COVID-19, u usporedbi s 2019. godinom. Za 347 poduzeća su izračunati odabrani pokazatelji profitabilnosti, aktivnosti i zaduženosti. Zaključci su pokazali da su kod većine poduzeća koeficijenti obrtaja ukupne imovine u 2020. godini bili niži nego prethodne godine, što se negativno odrazilo na rentabilnost imovine i rentabilnost vlastitog kapitala.. Dodatno, gotovo se udvostručio broj poduzeća koji su zbog ostvarenog gubitka u 2020. godini imali negativne pokazatelje profitabilnosti. Iako se također smanjio broj uspješnih poduzeća s dvoznamenkastim povratom na kapital, ipak je takvih poduzeća 46 % u 2020. godini.
- Published
- 2022
42. Characteristics of controllers and managers in the function of efficienct decision-making in the conditions of digitization
- Author
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Petrlić, Antonija, Vitezić, Neda, Kaštelan Mrak, Marija, Zekić, Zdravko, and Vuko, Tina
- Subjects
decision-making ,controller ,business ,digitalization ,environment ,controlling ,manager - Abstract
Današnje dinamično okruženje zahtjeva od poduzeća stalnu prilagodbu koja se uglavnom ogleda u primjeni novih tehnologija, unaprjeđenju poslovnih procesa te prihvaćanju i implementiranju funkcija primjerenih poslovanju u digitalnim uvjetima. Obzirom na sve veću količinu internih i eksternih podataka kojima poduzeća raspolažu te prednostima i izazovima koje ti podaci pružaju donosiocima odluka, nameće se potreba za funkcijama koje kroz svoje aktivnosti mogu usmjeriti menadžment ka donošenju učinkovitih poslovnih odluka. Jedna od tih funkcija je kontroling, koja pruža adekvatne informacije donosiocima odluka tj. koja u velikom broju podataka odabire i analizira one ključne, interpretira ih, zaključuje i predlaže rješenja. Sukladno svojoj ulozi kontroling bi trebao predstavljati jednu od ključnih informacijskih i savjetodavnih funkcija unutar poduzeća. Stoga je svrha ove doktorske disertacije bila definirati i potvrditi utjecajne karakteristike koje u digitalnim uvjetima određuju efikasnost rada kontrolera i njegov utjecaj na donošenje odluka, te ujedno dokazati važnost kontrolinga kao potpore menadžmentu. Cilj disertacije bio istražiti i proširiti postojeće teorijske spoznaje kontrolinga te razviti i potvrditi konceptualni model za mjerenje povezanosti karakteristika kontrolera, menadžera, poduzeća i okruženja s kvalitetom kontrolerovog outputa i njegovog utjecaja na donošenje poslovnih odluka. Za potrebe empirijskog istraživanja i testiranja postavljenog konceptualnog modela tj. hipoteza, u suradnji sa četiri kontrolera razvijen je anketni upitnik čija je valjanost i pouzdanost potvrđena kroz pilot testiranje na uzorku od 21 kontrolera. Konačni uzorak istraživanja činilo je 148 kontrolera i 64 menadžera iz velikih, srednjih i pojedinih malih poduzeća u Republici Hrvatskoj. Istraživanje je uključivalo testiranje konceptualnog modela kroz dva uzorka. Prvi uzorak podrazumijevao je testiranje modela isključivo na odgovorima kontrolera, a drugi na uparenim odgovorima menadžera i kontrolera. Primjenom multivarijatne statističke metode parcijalnih najmanjih kvadrata modeliranja strukturalnim jednadžbama (PLS-SEM) ispitana je valjanost i pouzdanog mjernog modela te su testirane hipoteze i potvrđena je eksploratorna i prediktivna moć strukturnog modela. Rezultati istraživanja potvrdili su povezanost karakteristika kontrolera, poduzeća i okruženja s kvalitetom kontrolerovih outputa te povezanost kvalitete outputa s kontrolerovim utjecajem na donošenje poslovnih odluka. Istraživanjem jedino nije potvrđena veza karakteristika menadžera s kvalitetom kontrolerovih outputa, ali je potvrđeno da su karakteristike II menadžera značajno povezane s kontrolerovim utjecajem na donošenje poslovnih odluka. Navedeno je potvrđeno ispitivanjem modela sa stajališta kontrolera, ali i uključivanjem menadžera kroz ocjenjivanje karakteristika kontrolera, kvalitete njegovog outputa i utjecaja na donošenje odluka. Pri uključivanju menadžera tj. u drugom modelu nije jedino potvrđena veza između karakteristika okruženja i kontrolerovog utjecaja na donošenje odluka. U oba modela, kao najznačajnija karakteristika kontrolera pokazala se proaktivnost, a kod menadžera vođa i inicijator. Strateška orijentiranost potvrđena je kao najznačajnija karakteristika poduzeća, dok se aspekt okruženja dokazao intenzitet konkurentnosti. Sa stajališta samih kontrolera, tj. prvim modelom, također je potvrđeno da dužina radnog iskustva kontrolera u području kontrolinga pridonosi kvaliteti kontrolerovih outputa i ulozi u poslovnom odlučivanju. Značaj ostalih postavljenih kontrolnih varijabli nije dokazan izuzev načina organizacije kontrolinga (centraliziran/decentraliziran/kombiniran) kao čimbenika utjecaja kontrolera na poslovno odlučivanje u prvom modelu. Iako se primjena poslovne inteligencije nije dokazala kao značajni kontrolni čimbenik kvalitete kontrolerovog outputa, sukladno dobivenim mišljenjima o njenoj korisnosti i potrebi šire primjene, zaključilo se da će ti alati u budućnosti predstavljati neizostavan dio kontrolinga. Sukladno navedenom, doktorski rad predstavlja osnovu za daljnja istraživanja i unaprjeđenje ostvarenog metodološkog i aplikativnog doprinosa, koji se prvenstveno ogleda u razvoju i potvrdi modela, mogućnosti njegovog testiranja na drugim zemljana i primjeni unutar poduzeća u svrhu ocjene interne efikasnosti kontrolinga, ali i razvoju studijskih programa kontroling. Osim toga, rad temeljem dobivenih saznanja empirijskog istraživanja i teorijske podloge pruža prijedlog budućeg razvoja kontrolinga s osnova digitalizacije., Today's dynamic environment requires companies to constantly adapt, which is mainly reflected in the application of new technologies, improvement of business processes and the acceptance and implementation of functions suitable for doing business in digital conditions. Given the growing amount of internal and external data that companies have and the benefits and challenges that this data provides to decision makers, there is a need for functions that, through their activities, can guide management to make effective business decisions. One of those functions is controlling, which provides adequate information to decision-makers, and which in large number of data selects and analyses the key ones, interprets them, and proposes solutions. According to its role, controlling should be one of the key information and advisory functions within today’s companies. Therefore, the purpose of this doctoral dissertation was to define and confirm the influential characteristics that in digital conditions determine the efficiency of the controllers' work and their impact on decision making, but also to prove the importance of controlling as a support to management. Hence, this dissertation aimed to explore and expand existing theoretical knowledge of controlling and to develop and validate a conceptual model for measuring the relationship of controllers, managers, companies, and environmental characteristics with the quality of controller’s outputs and its impact on decision-making. For empirical research and testing of the set conceptual model, i.e. hypotheses, in cooperation with four controllers, a survey questionnaire was developed whose validity and reliability were confirmed through a pilot testing on a sample of 21 controllers. The final sample of the research were 148 controllers and 64 managers from large, medium, and few small companies in the Republic of Croatia. The research involved testing the conceptual model through two samples. The first sample involved testing the model solely on controller responses, and the second on paired manager and controller responses. The multivariate statistical method of partial least squares structural equations modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the validity and reliability of the measurement model, and to confirm the set hypotheses and the exploratory and predictive power of the structural model. The results of the research confirmed the relationship between the set characteristics of the controllers, the company, and the environment with the quality of the controllers’ outputs, and the relationship between the quality of their outputs and the controllers' influence on decision- IV making. The research only did not confirm the relationship of managerial characteristics with the quality of the controller outputs, but it confirmed that managerial characteristics are significantly related to the controllers’ influence on decision-making. This was confirmed by examining the model from the perception of controllers, but also by involving managers through the evaluation of controllers’ characteristics, the quality of their outputs, and their impact on decision-making. In the second model, which includes perceptions of managers', only the relationship between the characteristics of the environment and the controllers’ influence on decision-making was not confirmed. In both models, proactivity proved to be the most important characteristic of the controllers, and in the case of managers, leadership and initiator. Strategic orientation was confirmed as the most important characteristic of companies, while the intensity of competitiveness was proven as the most valuable environmental characteristic. From the perception of controllers', it was also confirmed that the length of the controller's work experience in the field of controlling contributes to the quality of the controller's outputs and decision-making role. The importance of other set control variables has not been proven, except the way controlling is organized (centralized/decentralized/combined). Hence, it has been proven as an important control variable of the controllers’ influence on business decision-making only in the first model. Although the application of business intelligence has not been proven as a significant control variable of the quality of the controller's outputs, appropriate to the opinions obtained from the controllers on its usefulness and the need for wider application, it can be emphasized is that these tools will be an integral part of controlling in the future. Accordingly, the doctoral thesis is the basis for further research and improvement of given methodological and applied contributions, which are primarily reflected in the developed and confirmed conceptual model, the possibility of testing it in other countries, and its applications within companies for assessing internal effectiveness of controlling, but also the development of study programs for controlling. In addition, based on the acquired knowledge of empirical research and theoretical background, the thesis provides a proposal for the future development of controlling based on digitalization.
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- 2021
43. PRIMJENA MODELA TROKUTA PRIJEVARE U ANALIZI KORPORATIVNOG SKANDALA KONCERNA 'AGROKOR' : Diplomski rad
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Ćutuk, Marijana and Vuko, Tina
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financial reporting ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics. Accounting ,Agrokor ,revizijski standardi ,audit ,financijsko izvještavanje ,revizija ,trokut prijevare ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija. Računovodstvo ,auditing standards ,fraud triangle - Abstract
Diplomski rad „Primjena modela trokuta prijevare u analizi korporativnog skandala koncerna Agrokor“ daje analizu i uvid u računovodstveno-revizijski korporativni skandal analiziran primjenom modela trokuta prijevare na jednom od najvećih i najznačajnijih događaja u povijesti ekonomije Republike Hrvatske – slomu koncerna Agrokor. Analiza je obuhvatila podatke revizije neovisnog revizorskog društva dostupne u Konsolidiranom financijskom izvještaju za 2016. godinu. Rad također opisuje, analizira te uspoređuje druge poznate slučajeve financijskih prijevara te u konačnici daje opsežan uvid u najveći korporativni skandal u Republici Hrvatskoj. Elementi prijevare koji su se dogodili u korporativnom kriminalnu koncerna Agrokor bili su usmjereni na stjecanje vlastite koristi menadžera na uštrb koncerna, što se odrazilo negativno na ekonomsko poslovanje koncerna te je impliciralo potencijalni bankrot koncerna koji se nije dogodio zahvaljujući isključivo promptnoj reakciji Vlade Republike Hrvatske, dodjelom privremenog povjerenika za upravljanje koncernom te poduzimanjem promptnih mjera podmirenja tekućih dugovanja dobavljačima koji su prvotno obustavili ispostavu maloprodajne robe. Glavni akteri cjelokupnog korporativnog kriminalnog procesa iskazali su stav odricanja odgovornosti za nastalu štetu, kao i nepriznavanje krivnje za otkrivene manipulativne procese, iako je pravna i kriminalistička istraga pokazala drukčije rezultate što će ovaj rad pokušati prikazati kroz elemente modela trokuta prijevare. The thesis "Application of the fraud triangle model in the analysis of the corporate scandal of the Agrokor Group" provides a quantitative analysis and insight into the accounting and auditing corporate scandal analyzed by applying the fraud triangle model at one of the largest and most significant events in the history of the Croatian economy. The paper describes, analyzes and compares other known cases of financial fraud and ultimately provides an extensive insight into the largest corporate scandal in the Republic of Croatia. Elements of fraud that occurred in the corporate criminal concern Agrokor were aimed at gaining the manager's own benefit at the expense of the concern, which had a negative impact on the economic operations of the concern and implied a potential bankruptcy of the concern which did not occur due to the prompt reaction interim commissioner for the management of the concern and by taking prompt measures to settle current debts to suppliers who initially suspended the branch of retail goods. The main actors of the entire corporate criminal process expressed the attitude of denying responsibility for the damage, as well as not admitting guilt for the detected manipulative processes, although legal and criminal investigation showed different results, which this paper will try to show through elements of the fraud triangle model.
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- 2021
44. PROBLEMATIKA NEOVISNOSTI EKSTERNIH REVIZORA : Završni rad
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Basić, Martina and Vuko, Tina
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načelo neovisnosti ,challenges and threats of independence ,external audit ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics. Accounting ,eksterna revizija ,izazovi i prijetnje neovisnosti ,principle of independence ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija. Računovodstvo - Abstract
Eksterna revizija je proces praćenja i vrednovanja poslovanja poduzeća koga provode neovisni i profesionalni revizori. Izvođenje eksterne revizije financijskih izvještaja subjekta poslovanja izrazito je osebujan i kompleksan proces koji podrazumijeva etičnost, kvalificiranost i profesionalnost. Prilikom obavljanja revizije eksterni revizori se trebaju pridržavati brojnih načela i etičnih pravila. Neovisnost revizora je u današnjem poslovnom okruženju usko povezana s velikim javnim očekivanjima, ali isto tako i s velikim etičkim izazovima. U promjenjivom i dinamičnom poslovnom okruženju, kompletna revizijska profesija pa tako i neovisnost revizora, suočava se s brojnim izazovima i prijetnjama. Pitanja koja se tiču pružanja nerevizijskih usluga subjektima, te određivanje naknada revizijskih usluga mogu predstavljati potencijalne prijetnje neovisnosti. Brojni revizijski neuspjesi povezani s korporativnim krizama naglašavaju značajnu ulogu revizora u tim financijskim propastima. External audit is a process of monitoring and evaluating the business operations of a company conducted by independent and professional auditors. Performing an external audit of the financial statements of a business entity is a very distinctive and complex process that involves ethics, qualifications and professionalism. When performing an audit, external auditors should adhere to a number of principles and ethical rules. In today's business environment, auditor independence is closely linked to high public expectations, but also to high ethical challenges. In a changing and dynamic business environment, the entire audit profession, and thus the independence of auditors, faces a number of challenges and threats. Issues related to the provision of non-audit services to entities, and the determination of audit service fees may pose potential threats to independence. Numerous audit failures associated with corporate crises underscore the significant role of auditors in these financial failures.
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- 2021
45. OCJENA FINANCIJSKE STABILNOSTI I USPJEŠNOSTI POSLOVANJA PODUZEĆA DUKAT D.D. : Završni rad
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Anić, Jelena and Vuko, Tina
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vertikalna analiza ,horizontalna analiza ,financial analysis ,vertical analysis ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics. Accounting ,horizontal analysis ,Dukat ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija. Računovodstvo ,financijska analiza ,Ducat - Abstract
Financijsko izvještavanje je sastavni dio poslovanja svakog poduzeća, a propisano je brojnim zakonskim i podzakonskim propisima. Temeljem istih financijsko izvještavanje je obveza koju poduzeća moraju podnositi jednom godišnje, a sve kako bi se prikazao tijek poslovanja. Analizom financijskih izvještaja ocjenjuje se poslovanje poduzeća kroz promatrano razdoblje, a isto se vrši putem horizontalne i vertikalne analize, te putem analize pokazatelja uspješnosti. U završnom radu prikazana je financijska analiza društva Dukat za razdoblje od 2016. do 2019. godine, a temeljem iste je zaključeno kako je ovo poduzeće kroz promatrano razdoblje nelikvidno i prezaduženo. Financial reporting is an integral part of every company's business, and it is prescribedby numerous laws and by laws. Based on them, financial reporting is a commitment that companies must submit once a year, all in order to show thecourse of business. The analysis offinancial statement sassesses the company's operations over the observed period, and the same is done through horizontal and vertical analysis, and through the analysis of performance indicators. The final paper presents the financial analysis of the company Dukat for the period from 2016 to 2019, and based on the same it was concluded that this company is illiquid and over-in debted during the observed period.
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- 2021
46. RAČUNOVODSTVO TROŠKOVA KVALITETE U PODUZEĆIMA CERTIFICIRANIM PREMA ISO 9001
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Rogošić, Andrijana, Zadro, Martina, and Vuko, Tina
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računovodstvo troškova kvalitete, ISO 9001, upravljanje kvalitetom - Abstract
Upravljanje kvalitetom je suvremeni trend u poslovanju kojeg su usvojila brojna poduzeća. Za potrebe upravljanja kvalitetom je razvijena posebna računovodstvena metoda – računovodstvo troškova kvalitete. U ovom radu je prikazana primjena računovodstva troškova kvalitete u kontekstu norme ISO 9001. Pojašnjene su četiri kategorije troškova kvalitete: troškovi prevencije, troškovi ispitivanja, troškovi interno uočenih nedostataka kao i troškovi eksterno uočenih nedostataka. Dani su primjeri svake od navedenih kategorija troškova te je predložen način knjiženja ovih troškova na razredu 5.
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- 2021
47. Utjecaj COVID-19 na priznavanje, mjerenje i objave u financijskim izvještajima
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Kartelo, Slaven and Vuko, Tina
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COVID-19 ,financijsko izvještavanje ,revizija - Abstract
U moderno doba nezapamćena epidemija u obliku virusa iznenadila je cijeli svijet. Iz temelja je promijenila način na koji vlade upravljaju svojim državama, poduzetnici svojim poslovanjem, a ljudi svojim obiteljima i životima. Mogu samo izdvojiti nekoliko primjera koji pokazuju razmjere destrukcije naših života poput privremena zatvaranja škola, otkazivanje važnih događaja i koncerta, nezapamćena ograničenja kretanja koja su smanjila putovanja, avionske letove i ostale oblike prijevoza. Sve navedeno je dovelo do opće niže gospodarske aktivnosti, smanjene potražnje na globalnoj razini i opću nesigurnost. Vlade diljem svijeta odgovorili su brojnim vladinim programima pomoći kojim se pokušava ublažiti ekonomska nesigurnost, a banke su nudile moratorije na otplate kredita. S druge strane neke industrije su se pokazale ne samo otpornima, nego su i povećale svoje ekonomske aktivnosti, poput industrije informatike i informatičkih sigurnosti, kućne zabave te medicine. Sve navedeno dovelo je do toga da su diljem svijeta financijski izvještaji koje sastavljaju i pregledavaju računovođe i revizori na neviđenom udaru promjena u relativno kratkom vremenu, a u kojima je stabilnost i usporedivost ozbiljno narušena. Ovaj tekst dati će vam konceptualni pregled mogućih utjecaja pandemije na sastavljanja i revidiranje financijskih izvještaja i skrenuti pozornost na što računovođa i revizor mora obratiti pozornost kada sastavlja ili pregledava financijske izvještaje u doba pandemije.
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- 2021
48. IZMJENE HSFI I MSFI
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Bakran, Domagoj and Vuko, Tina
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HSFI, MSFI, računovodstveni standardi, financijsko izvještavanje - Abstract
Računovodstveni standardi obuhvaćaju pravila priznavanja, prezentiranja i objavljivanja kojima se želi postići istinito i fer prezentiranje financijskog položaja i uspješnosti poslovanja poduzetnika. Ovisno o veličini poduzetnik primjenjuje Hrvatske standarde financijskog izvještavanja ili Međunarodne standarde financijskog izvještavanja. Hrvatski standardi financijskog izvještavanja u nadležnosti su Odbora za standarde financijskog izvještavanja, dok su Međunarodni standardi u nadležnosti Odbora za međunarodne računovodstvene standarde, koji se primjenjuju nakon što budu objavljeni u Službenom glasilu Europske unije. Promjene koje su uslijedile posljednjom promjenom HSFI-ja odnosi se na informacije koje će mikro, mali i srednji poduzetnici trebati objavljivati u bilješkama uz financijske izvještaje te kako računovodstveno tretirati naknadno mjerenje priznatog goodwilla. Mikro i mali poduzetnici više neće biti u obvezi objavljivati informacije koje propisuju svi HSFi- ji, već isključivo informacije koje su navedene u HSFI 1 – Financijski izvještaji. Do 2021. godine goodwill se sukladno HSFI amortizirao u razdoblju od 5 godina, no ovim izmjenama razdoblje amortizacije nije više vezano uz tih 5 godina, već će se amortizacija obračunavati u procijenjenom vijeku trajanja, a ako ta procjena neće biti moguća, onda će se amortizacija obračunavati 5 godina.
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- 2021
49. FINANCIJSKI IZVJEŠTAJI - NAJČEŠĆE POGREŠKE OTKRIVENE REVIZIJOM FINANCIJSKIH IZVJEŠTAJA
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Omašić, Andrea and Vuko, Tina
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financijski, izvještaji, značajnost, najčešće, pogreške, revizija, otkriven, revizijom, računovodstvo, HSFI, MSFI, zakon, računovodstvu, MRevS - Abstract
Računovodstvo, financijsko izvještavanje i revizija financijskih izvještaja, rezultat su civilizacijskog poslovnog razvoja, a čiji je glavni cilj omogućiti korisnicima financijskih izvještaja kvalitetne, pouzdane i dosljedne informacije o poslovanju poduzetnika. Financijski izvještaji predstavljaju osnovu za različite financijske analize, pri čemu analiza putem financijskih pokazatelja likvidnosti, zaduženosti, aktivnosti, ekonomičnosti, profitabilnosti i investiranja ima ključnu ulogu u donošenju značajnog broja poslovnih odluka. Profesionalci i stručnjaci diljem svijeta svakodnevno rade na donošenju, objavljivanju i usvajanju međunarodnih i nacionalnih standarda financijskog izvještavanja, sve s ciljem postizanja međunarodne usporedivosti i dosljednosti prezentacije financijskih izvještaja. Povjerenje u financijske izvještaje također se želi povećati uvođenjem i unaprjeđenjem postupka revizije financijskih izvještaja, čiji je osnovni cilj izraziti mišljenje o fer i objektivnoj prezentaciji financijskih izvještaja, u skladu s primjenjivim okvirom financijskog izvještavanja. U tu svrhu doneseni su, i u većini razvijenih ekonomija implementirani Međunarodni revizijski standardi, a koji za cilj imaju propisati jedinstvena pravila provođenja revizije financijskih izvještaja. Također, i računovodstveni i revizijski standardi naglasak u sastavljanju, objavljivanju i revidiranju financijskih izvještaja stavljaju na koncept značajnosti. Koncept značajnosti ima za cilj odrediti „nevidljivu crtu“ prihvatljive pogreške sadržane ili ispuštene iz financijskih izvještaja, a nakon koje se razumno educiranog korisnika financijskih izvještaja dovodi u zabludu u svezi s tim izvještajima. Temeljem višegodišnjeg iskustva u reviziji financijskih izvještaja sastavljenih primjenom nacionalnih (HSFI) i međunarodnih (MSFI) računovodstvenih standarda, Autor ovog rada navodi najčešće otkrivene pogreške otkrivene revizijom financijskih izvještaja. Naglasak se ne stavlja na kvantitativni ili kvalitativni učinak tih pogrešaka, već jednostavno na one greške koje su najčešće utvrđene. Pri tome, svjesno nisu nabrojane pogreške koje možebitno imaju veći učinak na financijske izvještaje, ukoliko su one otkrivene u manjem broju provedenih revizija. Na kraju, zaključuje se kako su i računovodstvena i revizijska profesija struke koje traže visokostručno obrazovanje te cjeloživotno usavršavanje, sve s ciljem povećanja kvalitete financijskog izvještavanja i revizije tih financijskih izvještaja.
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- 2021
50. Uspješnost državnih potpora u očuvanju radnih mjesta
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Ramljak, Branka, Pepur, Petar, and Vuko, Tina
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Covid-19 ,likvidnost ,državne potpore ,radna mjesta - Abstract
Pandemijske neprilike uzrokovane Covidom-19 značajno su pored zdravstvenog narušili i gospodarski sustav što je vidljivo kroz obustavu globalne gospodarske aktivnosti. Ograničenjem kretanja ljudi, robe i resursa pred kompanije je postavljen izazov preživljavanja, koje se u današnje vrijeme usko povezuje uz raspoloživost novčanim sredstvima. Likvidnost tvrtki odjednom postaje veliki izazov diljem svijeta jer pandemija koronavirusa brzo eskalira. Tvrtke mogu kratkoročno poslovati bez profitabilnosti, ali bez likvidnosti odmah su osuđene na bankrot. Pristup novčanim sredstvima u pandemijskim uvjetima je iznimno otežan i skup čime su kompanije dovedene u iznimno nepovoljan položaj. Novčana sredstva predstavljaju krvotok poslovanja i kao takva ona su krucijalni čimbenik opstojnosti poslovanja i održivosti cjelokupnog gospodarskog sustava. Uloga i značaj novčanih sredstava u opstanku tvrtki i održivosti gospodarskog sustava prepoznata je i od vlada koje različitim mjerama usmjerenim na likvidnost žele kompanijama osigurati neometano poslovanje. Državne potpore su se počele primjenjivati od samih početaka pandemije s ciljem ublažavanja pandemijskih uvjeta koji se manifestiraju kroz zatvaranje gospodarskih subjekata i povećanje nezaposlenosti. Državne potpore imaju za cilj osigurati neometano funkcioniranje gospodarskog sustava te sačuvati postojeća radna mjesta. Stoga se ovim radom želi istražiti jesu li državne potpore pridonijele očuvanju radnih mjesta.
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- 2021
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