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3. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) synthesis in a supercritical CO2-assisted process: a parametric study for achieving cubic phase stability.

Author

Avédikian, Loan, Vulliet, Julien, David, Thomas, and Hertz, Audrey

Subjects
*PARAMETRIC processes, *ZIRCONIUM oxide, *ENERGY conversion, *OXYGEN detectors, *IONIC conductivity, *CERAMIC materials, *POWDERS
Abstract

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with a yttria content beyond 8%mol is especially interesting for its high ionic conductivity in the high-temperature range (700–1000 °C). Thereby, cubic YSZ properties make it a useful ceramic material for electrodes or electrolytes in various applications, such as solid oxide cell (SOC) technologies for energy conversion or oxygen sensors. This work aims to propose an alternative microstructure, hopefully, to improve material features. Adapting a sol–gel-type process that involves the use of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) to stabilize doped-zirconia nanoparticles in their cubic structure allows the crystallization of powders at temperatures as low as 250 °C. The resulting powders are very fine, with large specific surface areas around 50–150 m2 g−1, low agglomeration, and small-sized crystallites around 8–10 nm. After studying the effect of the operating conditions on the stabilization of the cubic crystalline phase, a well-adapted powder was selected and characterized in detail with respect to its microstructure, and its thermal behavior was investigated to eventually prepare an electrode/electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Long-Term Tests and Advanced Post-Test Characterizations of the Oxygen Electrode in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

Author

Celikbilek, Ozden, Sassone, Giuseppe, Prioux, Manon, Ferreira Sanchez, Dario, Benayad, Anass, Hubert, Maxime, Morel, Bertrand, Vulliet, Julien, Léon, Aline, Laurencin, Jérôme, ARC-Nucleart CEA Grenoble (NUCLEART), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Technique Conversion et Hydrogène (DTCH), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Département des Technologies des NanoMatériaux (DTNM), CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Institute For Energy Research (EIFER), Universität Karlsruhe (TH)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), ANR-22-PEHY-0008,CELCER-EHT,Ceramic Cells for durable performant and cost efficient HTE(2022), and European Project: 874577,NewSOC

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], General Medicine
Abstract

International audience; Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) are a promising energy conversion technology for the production of green hydrogen via steam electrolysis. However, performance loss remains a bottleneck for large-scale commercialization. Here, we investigate the different types of degradation occurring in a state-of-the-art cell composed of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-Ce0.8Gd0.2O2 (LSCF-GDC) composite for the oxygen electrode, GDC for the barrier layer, Y0.16Zr0.84O1.92 (8YSZ) for the electrolyte and Ni-YSZ for the fuel electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectra measured before and after operation at 750 °C for 2000 hours at -1 A cm-2 in SOEC mode revealed no significant evolution for the oxygen electrode contribution. To investigate potential degradation of this electrode, we performed multi-modal chemical imaging based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction (µ-XRD) with a resolution at the micrometer-scale. In addition, we monitored the evolution of the chemical composition and chemical environment before and after ageing using laboratory X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All these analyses revealed a slight evolution of the crystal lattice parameter in the oxygen electrode and the inter-diffusion layer. It was also found that Sr segregation accelerates with ageing. However, more severe ageing conditions and/or longer ageing durations are required in order to observe an effect on the performance.

Published
2023

8. Numerical microstructural optimization for the hydrogen electrode of solid oxide cells.

Author

Prioux, Manon, Da Rosa Silva, Eduardo, Hubert, Maxime, Vulliet, Julien, Debayle, Johan, Cloetens, Peter, and Laurencin, Jérôme

Subjects
OXIDE electrodes, STANDARD hydrogen electrode, NICKEL electrodes, YTTRIA stabilized zirconium oxide, MANUFACTURING cells, PARTICLE size distribution, SYNTHETIC biology
Abstract

A multiscale model has been used to optimize the microstructure of a classical hydrogen electrode made of nickel and yttria‐stabilized zirconia (Ni‐8YSZ). For this purpose, a 3D reconstruction of a reference electrode has been obtained by X‐ray nano‐holotomography. Then, a large dataset of synthetic microstructures has been generated around this reference with the truncated Gaussian random field method, varying the ratio Ni/8YSZ and the Ni particle size. All the synthetic microstructures have been introduced in a multiscale modeling approach to analyze the impact of the microstructure on the electrode and cell responses. The local electrode polarization resistance in the hydrogen electrode, as well as the complete cell impedance spectra, have been computed for the different microstructures. A significant performance improvement was found when decreasing the Ni particle size distribution. Moreover, an optimum has been identified in terms of electrode composition allowing the minimization of the cell polarization resistance. The same methodology has been also applied to assess the relevance of graded electrodes. All these results allow a better understanding of the precise role of microstructure on cell performances and provide useful guidance for cell manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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9. Recent Highlights on Solid Oxide Cells, Stacks and Modules Developments at CEA

Author

Mouginn, Julie, primary, Laurencin, Jérôme, additional, Vulliet, Julien, additional, Petitjean, Marie, additional, Grindler, Elisa, additional, Di Iorio, Stéphane, additional, Couturier, Karine, additional, Dejob, Theo, additional, Gonzalez, Brigitte, additional, Cubizolles, Geraud, additional, Bosio, Félix, additional, and Aicart, Jerome, additional

Published
2023
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14. Lanthanum nickelate as an efficient oxygen electrode for solid oxide electrolysis cell

Author

Mauvy, Fabrice, Grenier, Jean-Claude, Vulliet, Julien, Rougier, Aline, Bassat, Jean-Marc., Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and ANR-13-PRGE-0008,DJANGO,optimisation Des Jonctions ANode/électrolyte et cathode/électrolyte des Générateurs d'hydrOgène par électrolyse de la vapeur d'eau(2013)

Subjects
Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, oxygen electrode, aging, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, lanthanum nickelate, energy efficiency
Abstract

International audience; The present study focuses on an alternative structured oxygen electrode for solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). La2NiO4+δ nickelate, LNO, was selected with respect to its mixed electronic and ionic conductivity and its good chemical stability. Complete single cells were built using screen printing of LNO and LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 (LNF) layers on a standard hydrogen electrode supported half cell consisting of a porous NiO-YSZ layer, a dense 8YSZ electrolyte layer and a thin interlayer of GDC. The LNO cells polarization curves under various anodic flows of H2O/H2 (90/10) show excellent performances compared to the commercial LSCF (La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-x) based cells. The steam conversion ratio SC increases from around 40% to 80% when the gas flow decreases from 36 to 12 NmL min-1 cm-2. With a degradation rate of 1.5% 1,000 hrs-1 after 500 hrs operating time (i =-0.5 A cm-2) at 800 °C, using a medium H2O/H2 (90/10) gas flow of 24 NmL min-1 cm-2 , LNO oxygen electrode shows higher durability than the state of the art LSCF oxygen electrode. Energy efficiency analysis confirms the dependency of the total efficiency with the current density and gas flow allowing us to suggest optimized conditions for reaching targets of commercial H2 production.

Published
2022

16. Selection of Highlights of the European Project Next Generation Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Electrolysis Technology – NewSOC

Author

Hagen, Anke, primary, Christensen, Jens Ole, additional, Sudireddy, Bhaskar Reddy, additional, Balomenou, Stella, additional, Tsiplakides, Dimitrios, additional, Papazisi, Kalliopi-Maria, additional, Zaravelis, Fotios, additional, Neofytidis, Charalampos, additional, Ioannidou, Evangelia, additional, Neophytides, Stylianos, additional, Niakolas, Dimitris, additional, Coppola, Nunzia, additional, Maritato, Luigi, additional, Polverino, Pierpaolo, additional, Carapella, Giovanni, additional, Ferchaud, Claire Julie, additional, Berkel, Frans, additional, Vulliet, Julien, additional, and Laurencin, Jérôme, additional

Published
2021
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17. Selection of Highlights of the European Project Next Generation Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Electrolysis Technology - NewSOC

Author

Hagen, Anke, Christensen, Jens Ole, Sudireddy, Bhaskar Reddy, Balomenou, Stella, Tsiplakides, Dimitrios, Papazisi, Kalliopi Maria, Zaravelis, Fotios, Neofytidis, Charalampos, Ioannidou, Evangelia, Neophytides, Stylianos, Niakolas, Dimitris, Coppola, Nunzia, Maritato, Luigi, Polverino, Pierpaolo, Carapella, Giovanni, Ferchaud, Claire Julie, Berkel, Frans, Vulliet, Julien, and Laurencin, Jérôme

Subjects
SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production
Abstract

In a time, where first solid oxide based systems enter demonstration and commercial markets, the European NewSOC project focuses on next generations. It aims at significantly improving performance, durability, and cost competitiveness of solid oxide cells and stacks compared to state-of-the-art (SoA). In order to achieve these goals, NewSOC investigates twelve innovative concepts in the following areas: (i) structural optimization and innovative architectures based on SoA materials, (ii) alternative materials, which allow for overcoming inherent challenges of SoA, (iii) innovative manufacturing to reduce critical raw materials and reduction of environmental footprint at improved performance and lifetime. The NewSOC unifies competences of 16 strong research and industry players. First scientific highlights were achieved despite the challenging working conditions under the European wide Covid-19 restrictions in the first year of the project. The presentation will provide a selection of these highlights.

Published
2021

18. Deposition of Gadolinia-doped Ceria thin films by reactive DC magnetron and High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering

Author

Mickan, Martin, caillard, amael, Lecas, Thomas, Coddet, Pierre-Laurent, Vulliet, Julien, Lecocq, Hélène, Sauvage, Thierry, Thomann, Anne Lise, caillard, amael, Groupe de recherches sur l'énergétique des milieux ionisés (GREMI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, [SPI.PLASMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

22. Influence of pressure on the electrical and electrochemical behaviour of high-temperature steam electrolyser La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 anode.

Author

Cacciuttolo, Quentin, Vulliet, Julien, Lair, Virginie, Cassir, Michel, and Ringuedé, Armelle

Subjects
*ELECTROCHEMISTRY, *HIGH temperature superconductors, *ELECTROLYSIS, *IMPEDANCE spectroscopy, *ELECTRODES
Abstract

This paper is dedicated to the impact of pressure on the electrochemical behaviour of LSCF (La1-xSrxCoyFe1-yO3-δ) anode in high-temperature electrolysers. This study was carried out with symmetrical cells associating LSCF electrodes to a 3YSZ (yttrium-stabilised zirconia) electrolyte. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed using a three-electrode configuration, at temperature as high as 700 to 800 °C, in a pressure range from 1 to 30 bar. A clear improvement in terms of electrode resistance decrease is highlighted, mainly due to faster oxygen adsorption/desorption kinetics and a better supply of gas to electrochemical reaction sites. Other assumptions were considered and analysed, such as the impact of pressure on LSCF electrical conductivity and on the mechanical contacts. Thus, three contributions were determined as limiting steps at low pressure, up to 5 bar, whilst for higher pressure, the optimised conditions in operation are reached. This study completes a previous one related to a modelling approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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24. Recent Highlights on Solid Oxide Cells, Stacks and Modules Developments at CEA

Author

Mouginn, Julie, Laurencin, Jérôme, Vulliet, Julien, Petitjean, Marie, Grindler, Elisa, Di Iorio, Stéphane, Couturier, Karine, Dejob, Theo, Gonzalez, Brigitte, Cubizolles, Geraud, Bosio, Félix, and Aicart, Jerome

Abstract

Solid Oxide Cell (SOC) technology is considered as an efficient electrolysis technology to produce hydrogen at large scale. It can also operate in fuel cell mode using different fuels (carbon-based or non-carbon based like ammonia), and in reversible mode. Though proofs-of concept have been achieved at different relevant scales for those operating modes, some R&D works still need to be performed to improve performance, durability and cost. Improved and upscaled cells and stacks need to be developed, with a methodology combining multiscale and multiphysics modelling, electrochemical characterization in relevant conditions and advanced post-test analysis. Their integration into modules made of several stacks is also a stepping stone in order to reach multi-MW electrolysers. CEA is working on the whole value chain of SOC technology, from cell development and optimisation to module design and operation through stack upscaling. Recent achievements on those aspects will be presented.

Published
2023
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