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Background: To analyze the rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), gram-negative, and polymicrobial infections in open fractures, measure the efficacy of the current open fracture antibiotic regimen against these infections, identify the most effective agent(s) to cover these infections, and analyze risk factors for infection. Methods: We examined retrospectively 451 patients with open fractures from January 2008 to December 2012 who were treated at our facility. Positive cultures during surgical debridement after wound closure defined an infection. Infecting organisms and their antibiotic sensitivities were identified through microbiology culture reports. Rates of MRSA, gram-negative, and polymicrobial infections were determined. The efficacy of the current regimen (cefazolin and gentamicin) was calculated against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Efficacy profiles against infectious organisms were calculated for all commonly tested antibiotics. Patient factors, injury characteristics, and treatment options were analyzed to determine risk factors for infection. Results: Ninety patients (20%) were identified as infected at surgical debridement. Of those 90, 21 (23.3%) were diagnosed with MRSA, 56 (62.2%) were found to have a gram-negative infection, and 46 (51.1%) had polymicrobial infections. Cephalosporins and β-lactam agents had a 59.2% efficacy rate against gram-positive bacteria and gentamicin showed a 94% sensitivity rate against gram-negative bacteria. Vancomycin (95.8% sensitivity) demonstrated the highest sensitivity for all gram-positive organisms. Amikacin (98.8% sensitivity), meropenem (96.3% sensitivity), and gentamicin (94.2% sensitivity) demonstrated excellent efficacy for all gram-negative organisms. Immuno-compromised status and Gustilo-Anderson type were the only independently predictive risk factors for infection in a multivariable model. Conclusions: Based on this analysis, the rate of MRSA, gram-negative, and polymicrobial infections in open fractures is high and increasing compared with historical cohorts. With the sensitivity of early generation cephalosporins being relatively poor against gram-positive organisms, the present antibiotic regimen for open, long-bone fractures may need to be reconsidered with these emerging trends.

The aim of paper is to find the condition under which a Fréchet-valued function [Formula: see text] admitting meromorphic extension along some pencil of complex lines can be meromorphically extended to a neighborhood of [Formula: see text] Some auxiliary results concerning the domains of existence for Fréchet-valued meromorphic functions, Rothstein’s theorem, Levi extension theorem for meromorphic functions with values in a locally complete space, convergence of formal power series of Fréchet-valued homogeneous polynomials are also proved in this work.

Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), also known as veno-occlusive disease (VOD) can be a life-threatening complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Diagnosis is often difficult and traditionally based on clinical parameters. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a modern non-invasive liver stiffness measurement technique using ultrasound. In this monocentric study, we evaluated the role of SWE in diagnosing SOS/VOD in 63 adult patients undergoing HSCT from February 2020 to August 2020 in real world settings. Three patients developed SOS/VOD. This was accompanied by an increase in shear wave velocity in all three patients, indicating that this method may contribute to establishing the diagnosis SOS/VOD after HSCT.

In this paper we establish some classes of subspaces W of the dual $$F'$$ of a locally convex space F such that every F-valued (F, W)-meromorphic function (with/without local boundedness) on a domain D in $$\mathbb {C}^n,$$ in the sense $$u \circ f$$ is meromorphic for all $$u \in W,$$ is meromorphic. Further, combining those results with studing on (BB)-Zorn property we give conditions for Frechet spaces E, F and subspaces W of $$F'$$ under which (F, W)-meromorphic functions can be meromorphically extended to a domain D of E from a subset $$D \cap E_B$$ where $$E_B$$ is the linear hull of some balanced convex compact subset B of E. Using these results we get the answers of the following questions: (1) When does the domain of meromorphy of a $$(\cdot , W)$$ -meromorphic function on a Riemann domain D over a Frechet space coincide with the envelope of holomorphy of D? (2) When will $$(\cdot , W)$$ -meromorphic functions be able to extend meromorphically through an analytic subset of codimension $$\ge 2$$ of a domain in a Frechet space?

Inorganic nitrogen, in the form of nitrate, is both an important nutrient and signaling molecule in the growth and development of plants. The transcription factor NLP7, a downstream component of the nitrate signaling pathway, along with its homologue NLP6, were shown in this study to participate in DNA-protein interactions with an enhancer sequence from the Nitrate Reductase NIA1 gene in in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Furthermore, this study showed that two binding sites exist within the NIA1 enhancer element for NLP6 and NLP7. In vivo studies using the transient expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that these factors could activate expression of a nitrate-responsive gene in a nitrate-dependent manner. Results from this study suggest that NLP6 and NLP7 regulate the transcription of target nitrate-responsive genes by directly binding to cis-acting elements in the promoter region

Background Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is becoming a gold standard and provides many advantages for patients. A learning curve is required for a surgeon to become proficient, and the exact number to overcome this curve is controversial. Our study aimed to define this number for mitral valve surgery in general, for replacement and repair separately. Methods A total of 204 mitral valve surgeries were performed via the right minithoracotomy approach from October 2014 to January 2019 by a single surgeon who isexperienced in conventional mitral valve surgery. Learning curves were analysed based on the trend of important variables (cross-clamp time, CPB time, ventilation time, ICU time, composite technical failure) over time, and the number of operations required was calculated by CUSUM method. Results MIMVS provided an excellent outcome in the carefully selected patients, with low mortality of 0.5% and low rate of complications. The decreasing trend of the important variables were observed over the years and as the cumulative number of procedures increased. The number of operations required to overcome the learning curve was 75 to 100 cases. When considered separately, the quantity for mitral valve replacement was 60 cases, whereas valve repair necessitated at least 90 cases to have an acceptable technical complication rate. Conclusion MIMVS is an excellent choice for mitral valve surgery. However, this approach required a long learning curve for a surgeon who is experienced in conventional mitral valve surgery. Trial registration The research was registered and approved by the ethical board of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, number 141/DHYD-HDDD, on April 11th 2018.

The aim of paper is to give some results, that prepare for studying the problem on cross theorems for separately \((\cdot , W)\)-meromorphic functions. Some general versions of extension theorem of Levi type are extended to the classes of meromorphic functions f on \(D \times (\Delta _r {\setminus } \overline{\Delta })\) with values in a locally convex space F. Here, the function f is assumed that, for each \(z \in D_*,\) the function \(f_z = f(z, \cdot )\) has a (F, W)-meromorphic extension to \(\Delta _r,\) where F is either a locally (or sequentially) complete locally convex space or a Frechet space, the space \(W \subseteq F'\) is separating (or determines boundedness), \(\Delta _r = \{\lambda \in {\mathbb C}: |\lambda | 1, \Delta = \Delta _1\) and D is either a domain in \({\mathbb C}^n\) or a balanced domain in a Frechet space containing a non-pluripolar balanced convex compact subset, \(D_*\) is dense in D.

It is shown that Rothstein's theorem holds for $(F, W)$-meromorphic functions with $F$ is a sequentially complete locally convex space. We also prove that a meromorphic function on a Riemann domain $D$ over a separable Banach $E$ with values in a sequentially complete locally convex space can be extended meromorphically to the envelope of holomorphy $\widehat{D}$ of $D$. Using these results, in the remaining parts, we give a version of Kazarian's theorem for the class of separately $(\cdot, W)$-meromorphic functions with values in a sequentially complete locally convex space and generalize cross theorem with pluripolar singularities of Jarnicki and Pflug for separately $(\cdot, W)$-meromorphic functions with values in a Frechet space.

The aim of this paper is to give some criterions for holomorphy of F-valued σ(F, W)-holomorphic functions which are bounded on bounded sets in a domain D of Frechet spaces E (resp. \({\mathbb{C}^n}\)) where \({W \subset F'}\) defines the topology of Frechet space F. Base on these results we consider the problem on holomorphic extension of F-valued σ(F, W)-holomorphic functions from non-rare subsets of D and from subsets of D which determines uniform convergence in H(D). As an application of the above, some theorems of Vitali-type for a locally bounded sequence \({\{f_i\}_{i \in \mathbb{N}}}\) of Frechet-valued holomorphic functions are also proved.