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Introduction: Genital ulcer disease (GUD) often creates diagnostic difficulty in developing countries like India, with limited resources available in the health-care system. The changing etiology in GUDs over the years makes it imperative that a correct diagnosis is made to establish appropriate treatment and formulate awareness programs. Aims: This study was done to determine the recent trends in the demographic parameters, clinical presentations, etiology of GUDs, and their association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to August 2022 at the Dermatology Outpatient Department in our hospital. All the patients who presented with GUDs were included after written informed consent. The diagnosis of GUD was confirmed by thorough clinical examination and appropriate laboratory test. Data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS software. Results: Out of 135 cases of GUDs, the majority were males (79%). The most common age group was 21–30 years, with a mean age of 35.23 ± 14.98 years. Most of the patients were heterosexual (90%). Multiple sexual partners were found in 40% of cases. Herpes genitalis was the most common GUD (59%), followed by syphilis (15%). HIV infection was found in 6.6% of cases. Conclusion: This study represents the increasing burden of viral GUDs compared to the last three decades. The ulcerative sexually transmitted infection facilitates the transmission of HIV. In this HIV era, there is a need for increased efforts toward acknowledgment, safe sexual practices, periodic screening, and sexual health awareness programs in the high-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare provider institutions in India now offer structured health check-up 'packages' for routine screening of common diseases. While some tests included within their ambit are in keeping with international and Indian recommendations, some are entirely unwarranted. Unnecessary and inappropriate screening tests may cause more harm than benefit. Besides financial and resource burden, there may be over-diagnosis and over-treatment, psychological distress due to false-positive test results, harm from invasive follow-up tests, and false reassurance due to false-negative test results. Clinicians must ensure a net benefit from tests and interventions in order to efficiently deliver preventive services. We reviewed current screening guidelines for cardiovascular disease and common cancers, and surveyed multiple 'packages' provided at 8 centres in Mumbai, India. We put forth our recommendations for routine health screening in asymptomatic adults in India.

The incidence ofdermatologic conditions in the pediatric age group presents a pattern that often differs from that in adults; this is important for epidemiologic studies and population-based analysis. This clinical study was carried out in children up to age 14 in the western part of India. Dermatologic conditions were tabulated based on the etiology, incidence, age, and sex distribution, as well as seasonal variations, and the results were analyzed. There were a total of 390 boys and 310 girls. The majority of skin conditions in newborns are transient. The most common dermatoses found were of infectious etiology (38.43%) in which impetigo (11.13%) and pyoderma (8.9%) were the most common. In infectious etiology, incidence of scabies was 5.32%. Viral warts were the most common viral infections followed by molluscum contagiosum. Incidence of eczema, atopic dermatitis, and sweat gland disorders were 6.64%, 0.83%, and 8.86%, respectively. The study shows various unique features of tropical pediatric dermatology in a developing country, such as high frequency of infections and infectious, nutritional, and environmentally associated disorders. Many of these dermatoses can be controlled by proper environmental sanitation, improving nutrition, awareness among parents and children, and preventing overcrowding.