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1. The Super-Kamiokande detector

Author

Kimihiro Okumura, Makoto Sakuda, B. K. Kim, S. Fukuda, K. Martens, S. Moriyama, Toshio Suzuki, Todd Haines, S. B. Boyd, M. L. Chen, T. Hasegawa, Z. Conner, M. Kitaguchi, K. Nishikawa, K. S. Ganezer, Alec Habig, M. Earl, B. Viren, J. Kameda, M. Koga, H. Okazawa, R. W. Ellsworth, A. Okada, M. Takahashi, J. S. George, K. Ishihara, Atsumu Suzuki, T. Inagaki, Shoichi Yamada, Takaaki Kajita, S. Matsuno, T. Iwashita, K. Fujita, H. G. Berns, M. Ishitsuka, S. Desai, Koji Nakamura, M. Miura, Y. Ichikawa, Mikio Morii, E. Guillian, C. K. Jung, M. Takahata, H. Nishihama, J. Hsu, K. Ito, Toshio Namba, D. Kielczewska, T. Ishii, Kunio Inoue, S. Nakayama, John G. Learned, I. Kato, M. Etoh, I. Nishiyama, T. Futagami, A. L. Stachyra, K. Miyano, C. Saji, Y. Hatakeyama, T. Hayakawa, H. Maesaka, R. A. Doyle, Florian Goebel, M. B. Smy, J. L. Stone, D. W. Liu, David William Casper, E. Ichihara, T. Hashimoto, A. K. Ichikawa, C. Yanagisawa, K. Nishijima, S. Hatakeyama, M. Kohama, Akira Hasegawa, G. W. Sullivan, Henry W. Sobel, K. Nitta, Y. Kobayashi, A. Sakai, M. Takita, M. Ackerman, Frederick Reines, L. R. Price, J. Shirai, W. Wang, T. Horiuchi, H. Takeda, V. J. Stenger, M. Masuzawa, E. Sharkey, Minoru Yoshida, Yoshitaka Itow, D. Turcan, S. Inaba, N. Sakurai, T. Takayama, Y. Kanaya, M. Kirisawa, R. Svoboda, M. Koike, J. Hill, Shuji Yamamoto, A. Kusano, K. Higuchi, Hiroaki Nishimura, Masaya Hasegawa, Y. Watanabe, K. Kaneyuki, T. Kobayashi, R. Sanford, Osamu Sasaki, Magdalena Malek, Y. Kajiyama, A. Kibayashi, L. R. Sulak, W. Doki, S. Tasaka, T. Toshito, W. E. Keig, Y. Nagashima, H. Fujiyasu, J. A. Goodman, J. T. Hong, Y. Takeuchi, F. Tsushima, C. W. Walter, Soo-Bong Kim, S. Kasuga, Y. Fukuda, E. Kearns, Y. Totsuka, M. Koshiba, Hyosun Kim, C. McGrew, Yoshihiro Suzuki, K. Kobayashi, M. Nemoto, D. Kerr, T. Maruyama, Takashi Yamaguchi, M. D. Messier, S. Echigo, T. Kato, C. Mitsuda, P. G. Halverson, R. J. Wilkes, U. Golebiewska, K. K. Young, S. Mine, Y. Obayashi, Y. Gando, E. Blaufuss, Junichi Kanzaki, C. Mauger, J. Yoo, Masato Shiozawa, T. Barszczak, T. Oyabu, A. Suzuki, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, Masayuki Nakahata, Hirokazu Ishino, L. Wai, M. Oketa, J. W. Flanagan, Hiroshi Ogawa, M. R. Vagins, H. Kobayashi, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, W. R. Kropp, Y. Oyama, Y. Hayato, T. Iwamoto, and Yusuke Koshio

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detector, Solar neutrino, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, T2K experiment, law.invention, Neutrino detector, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino, Super-Kamiokande, Neutrino oscillation, Instrumentation
Abstract

Super-Kamiokande is the world's largest water Cherenkov detector, with net mass 50,000 tons. During the period April, 1996 to July, 2001, Super-Kamiokande I collected 1678 live-days of data, observing neutrinos from the Sun, Earth's atmosphere, and the K2K long-baseline neutrino beam with high efficiency. These data provided crucial information for our current understanding of neutrino oscillations, as well as setting stringent limits on nucleon decay. In this paper, we describe the detector in detail, including its site, configuration, data acquisition equipment, online and offline software, and calibration systems which were used during Super-Kamiokande I.

Published
2003
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2. Search for Proton Decay throughp→ν¯K+in a Large Water Cherenkov Detector

Author

C. W. Walter, C. Mauger, M. Koshiba, A. Okada, T. Kobayashi, Y. Hatakeyama, K. Nakamura, John G. Learned, T. Futagami, M. R. Vagins, Ko Okumura, J. Hill, V. J. Stenger, S. Kasuga, Y. Fukuda, Yuichi Oyama, G. W. Sullivan, T. Hayakawa, Ken-ichiro Kobayashi, A. T. Suzuki, Masayuki Nakahata, F. Tsushima, Akira Hasegawa, Y. Takeuchi, K. Ishihara, David William Casper, Makoto Sakuda, Kunio Inoue, S. Mine, A. Sakai, Nobuyuki Sakurai, L. R. Price, J. Shirai, Yoshitaka Itow, K. Martens, M. Kirisawa, Hiroshi Ogawa, J. S. George, Y. Kanaya, K. Nishikawa, M. Koike, H. W. Sobel, Yasunari Suzuki, M. Nemoto, J. L. Stone, K. Higuchi, Shigeki Tasaka, E. Sharkey, J. Kameda, S. Hatakeyama, Osamu Sasaki, Takehisa Hasegawa, Y. Watanabe, L. R. Sulak, R. Sanford, S. Inaba, M. B. Smy, Takaaki Kajita, H. Ishino, J. A. Goodman, Kazumasa Miyano, D. Takemori, M. Takahata, Y. Kobayashi, E. Blaufuss, S. Nakayama, K. Kaneyuki, C. Saji, M. Etoh, W. Doki, H. Okazawa, K. S. Ganezer, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, D. Kielczewska, Y. Totsuka, C. McGrew, M. Earl, T. Ishii, Alec Habig, H. Fujiyasu, S. Matsuno, M. Koga, Minoru Yoshida, L. Wai, Tomoyuki Maruyama, T. J. Haines, Y. Obayashi, M. Takita, M. Miura, Takashi Yamaguchi, B. Viren, M. Takahashi, W. R. Kropp, S. Yamada, M. D. Messier, S. Echigo, R. J. Wilkes, K. K. Young, C. Yanagisawa, K. Nishijima, R. W. Ellsworth, A. Kibayashi, Y. Nagashima, H. Takeuchi, B. K. Kim, W. E. Keig, M. L. Chen, M. Goldhaber, Y. Hayato, T. Iwamoto, Yusuke Koshio, S. B. Kim, A. L. Stachyra, M. Kohama, C. K. Jung, Masato Shiozawa, T. Barszczak, E. Kearns, A. Suzuki, R. Svoboda, and Junichi Kanzaki

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Particle physics, Proton, Proton decay, Cherenkov detector, law, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Lower limit, law.invention
Abstract

We present results of a search for proton decays, $p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}{K}^{+}$, using data from a $33\mathrm{kt}\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}\mathrm{yr}$ exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector. Two decay modes of the kaon, ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$, were studied. The data were consistent with the background expected from atmospheric neutrinos; therefore a lower limit on the partial lifetime of the proton $\ensuremath{\tau}/B(p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}{K}^{+})$ was found to be $6.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{32}\mathrm{years}$ at $90%$ confidence level.

Published
1999
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3. Measurement of the Flux and Zenith-Angle Distribution of Upward Throughgoing Muons by Super-Kamiokande

Author

L. R. Price, J. Shirai, E. Sharkey, C. K. Jung, S. Mine, M. Takahata, D. Kielczewska, J. W. Flanagan, Y. Kanaya, Hiroshi Ogawa, Takehisa Hasegawa, Y. Hayato, Y. Watanabe, R. Sanford, J. A. Goodman, Kazumasa Miyano, Minoru Yoshida, H. Okazawa, T. Iwamoto, Ken-ichiro Kobayashi, David William Casper, E. Ichihara, C. W. Walter, Yuichi Oyama, F. Tsushima, Todd Haines, W. Doki, S. Hatakeyama, Takaaki Kajita, H. Ishino, A. Sakai, Yusuke Koshio, L. Wai, Michael B. Smy, Nobuyuki Sakurai, W. E. Keig, Mark R. Vagins, Tomoyuki Maruyama, T. Kobayashi, C. Mauger, Makoto Sakuda, Junichi Kanzaki, K. Nakamura, J. Kameda, B. Viren, M. Miura, Frederick Reines, Ko Okumura, Masatoshi Koshiba, T. Hayakawa, S. Matsuno, T. Ishii, M. D. Messier, Soo-Bong Kim, S. Kasuga, Y. Fukuda, M. Goldhaber, S. Echigo, Yasunari Suzuki, K. Martens, V. J. Stenger, A. Suzuki, R. Svoboda, A. Okada, S. Tasaka, W. R. Kropp, Atsumu Suzuki, A. Kibayashi, Masayuki Nakahata, Y. Totsuka, J. L. Stone, C. Yanagisawa, K. Fujita, E. Kearns, M. L. Chen, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, Kunio Inoue, C. McGrew, K. Ishihara, M. Takita, Y. Takeuchi, K. Kaneyuki, C. Saji, M. Earl, E. Blaufuss, Shinya Yamada, M. Etoh, Masato Shiozawa, K. S. Ganezer, A. L. Stachyra, John G. Learned, Yoshitaka Itow, T. Barszczak, Kyoshi Nishijima, Takashi Yamaguchi, R. W. Ellsworth, R. A. Doyle, T. Futagami, R. J. Wilkes, K. K. Young, Y. Kobayashi, G. W. Sullivan, M. Kohama, Alec Habig, J. S. George, M. Nemoto, L. R. Sulak, M. Koga, H. W. Sobel, Osamu Sasaki, D. Takemori, Shoei Nakayama, K. Nishikawa, J. Hill, Y. Nagashima, B. K. Kim, and Akira Hasegawa

Subjects
Physics, Muon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Distribution (mathematics), Angular distribution, Muon flux, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Super-Kamiokande, Zenith, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

A total of 614 upward through-going muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 537 detector live days. The measured muon flux is 1.74+/-0.07(stat.)+/-0.02(sys.)x10^{-13}cm^{-2}s^{-1}sr^{-1} compared to an expected flux of 1.97+/-0.44(theo.)x10^{-13}cm^{-2}s^{-1}sr^{-1}. The absolute measured flux is in agreement with the prediction within the errors. However, the zenith angle dependence of the observed upward through-going muon flux does not agree with no-oscillation predictions. The observed distortion in shape is consistent with the \nu_\mu \nu_\tau oscillation hypothesis with \sin^22\theta > 0.4 and 1x10^{-3} < \Delta m^2 < 1x10^{-1} eV^{2} at 90% confidence level., Comment: 8 pages w/ 3 figures new version contains minor fixes, as it appears in PRL

Published
1999
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4. Constraints on Neutrino Oscillation Parameters from the Measurement of Day-Night Solar Neutrino Fluxes at Super-Kamiokande

Author

Frederick Reines, K. Ishihara, T. Kobayashi, Kazumasa Miyano, M. Takita, Atsumu Suzuki, Shoei Nakayama, C. W. Walter, Todd Haines, Y. Totsuka, D. Takemori, E. Kearns, John G. Learned, W. Doki, C. K. Jung, M. Takahata, D. Kielczewska, Takaaki Kajita, H. Ishino, Y. Nagashima, T. Hasagawa, Takashi Yamaguchi, A. Suzuki, V. J. Stenger, C. Mauger, K. Nishikawa, T. Futagami, Y. Kanaya, T. Ishii, M. D. Messier, S. Tasaka, J. S. George, J. Hill, G. W. Sullivan, S. Echigo, R. A. Doyle, B. K. Kim, J. Hsu, K. Kaneyuki, P. G. Halverson, Soo-Bong Kim, M. Goldhaber, C. Saji, S. Kasuga, Y. Fukuda, R. Svoboda, M. Earl, M. Kohama, Minoru Yoshida, J. A. Goodman, W. R. Kropp, L. Wai, A. Okada, Y. Watanabe, R. Sanford, Y. Takeuchi, L. R. Sulak, R. J. Wilkes, Tomoyuki Maruyama, Shinya Yamada, Z. Conner, K. Fujita, K. K. Young, J. L. Stone, H. Okazawa, Y. Hayato, E. Blaufuss, K. Nakamura, David William Casper, C. Yanagisawa, Ken-ichiro Kobayashi, E. Ichihara, T. Iwamoto, H. W. Sobel, Michael B. Smy, S. Mine, A. Sakai, Yoshitaka Itow, M. Miura, Nobuyuki Sakurai, J. W. Flanagan, Yuichi Oyama, Hiroshi Ogawa, Masayuki Nakahata, T. Hayakawa, M. Etoh, A. L. Stachyra, Yusuke Koshio, F. Tsushima, W. E. Keig, Mark R. Vagins, B. Viren, K. S. Ganezer, J. Kameda, Y. Kobayashi, Osamu Sasaki, Masato Shiozawa, M. L. Chen, S. Hatakeyama, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, R. W. Ellsworth, Ko Okumura, T. Barszczak, Masatoshi Koshiba, A. Kibayashi, Kunio Inoue, Kyoshi Nishijima, Makoto Sakuda, K. Martens, Junichi Kanzaki, C. McGrew, S. Matsuno, Yasunari Suzuki, Alec Habig, M. Koga, Akira Hasegawa, L. R. Price, J. Shirai, E. Sharkey, and M. Nemoto

Subjects
Physics, Sterile neutrino, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Solar neutrino problem, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Neutrino detector, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Super-Kamiokande
Abstract

A search for day-night variations in the solar neutrino flux resulting from neutrino oscillations has been carried out using the 504 day sample of solar neutrino data obtained at Super-Kamiokande. The absence of a significant day-night variation has set an absolute flux independent exclusion region in the two neutrino oscillation parameter space., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRL, single-spacing

Published
1999

5. Measurement of the Solar Neutrino Energy Spectrum Using Neutrino-Electron Scattering

Author

L. R. Price, J. Shirai, D. Takemori, J. Hill, Yuichi Oyama, C. Yanagisawa, C. K. Jung, M. Takahata, M. Takita, D. Kielczewska, Y. Totsuka, E. Sharkey, Y. Nagashima, Takaaki Kajita, H. Ishino, W. E. Keig, Mark R. Vagins, C. W. Walter, R. W. Ellsworth, E. Blaufuss, Masatoshi Koshiba, F. Tsushima, M. Earl, Takashi Yamaguchi, A. Kibayashi, T. Ishii, M. D. Messier, B. K. Kim, M. Goldhaber, B. Viren, Yohei Kobayashi, M. Etoh, J. Hsu, S. Echigo, P. G. Halverson, W. R. Kropp, K. S. Ganezer, Makoto Sakuda, K. Nakamura, David William Casper, A. T. Suzuki, R. J. Wilkes, Y. Kanaya, E. Ichihara, Soo-Bong Kim, Y. Hayato, K. Fujita, C. McGrew, E. Kearns, K. K. Young, S. Kasuga, K. Martens, Y. Watanabe, A. Sakai, R. Sanford, Y. Fukuda, Masayuki Nakahata, T. Iwamoto, Y. Takeuchi, Yusuke Koshio, M. Nemoto, H. Okazawa, S. Hatakeyama, Shinya Yamada, Z. Conner, S. Nakayama, K. Kaneyuki, C. Saji, Michael B. Smy, L. R. Sulak, S. Matsuno, Junichi Kanzaki, R. A. Doyle, Yasunari Suzuki, Todd Haines, S. Mine, N. Sakurai, A. L. Stachyra, C. Mauger, Alec Habig, K. Nishikawa, M. Koga, A. Okada, J. W. Flanagan, Masato Shiozawa, M. Kohama, Hiroshi Ogawa, J. L. Stone, T. Barszczak, J. S. George, J. A. Goodman, V. J. Stenger, Takehisa Hasegawa, A. Suzuki, R. Svoboda, Ko Okumura, Kunio Inoue, T. Kobayashi, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, Frederick Reines, K. Ishihara, L. Wai, Tomoyuki Maruyama, H. W. Sobel, Osamu Sasaki, Kyoshi Nishijima, T. Hayakawa, Minoru Yoshida, G. W. Sullivan, John G. Learned, M. Miura, T. Futagami, Ken-ichiro Kobayashi, Yoshitaka Itow, J. Kameda, M. L. Chen, Kazumasa Miyano, W. Doki, S. Tasaka, and Akira Hasegawa

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Scattering, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, General Physics and Astronomy, Solar neutrino problem, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Recoil, Neutrino detector, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation
Abstract

A measurement of the energy spectrum of recoil electrons from solar neutrino scattering in the Super--Kamiokande detector is presented. The results shown here are obtained from 504 days of data taken between the 31st of May, 1996 and the 25th of March, 1998. The shape of the measured spectrum is compared with the expectation for solar B8 neutrinos. The comparison takes into account both kinematic and detector related effects in the measurement process. The spectral shape comparison between the observation and the expectation gives a chi-square of 25.3 with 15 degrees of freedom, corresponding to a 4.6% confidence level., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures

Published
1999

6. Calibration of Super-Kamiokande using an electron LINAC

Author

S. Matsuno, Ko Okumura, B. Viren, Akira Hasegawa, L. R. Price, J. Shirai, C. W. Walter, Shigeki Tasaka, E. Sharkey, Hiroshi Ogawa, Takehisa Hasegawa, Y. Nagashima, B. K. Kim, W. R. Kropp, J. A. Goodman, David William Casper, E. Ichihara, Kunio Inoue, Makoto Sakuda, Soo-Bong Kim, S. Kasuga, Y. Fukuda, K. Fujita, A. Sakai, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Y. Hayato, Tomoyuki Maruyama, Takaaki Kajita, H. Ishino, Masatoshi Koshiba, A. Kibayashi, Y. Takeuchi, T. Iwamoto, A. Okada, K. Nishikawa, Shinya Yamada, Y. Totsuka, Yuichi Oyama, C. K. Jung, M. Takahata, T. Ishii, J.W Flanagan, H. Kobayashi, V. J. Stenger, S Mine, Michael B. Smy, D. Kielczewska, Y. Kobayashi, Yusuke Koshio, Z. Conner, Masayuki Nakahata, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, John G. Learned, Atsumu Suzuki, F. Tsushima, A. L. Stachyra, D. Takemori, M. Etoh, E. Kearns, T. Futagami, Alec Habig, Yasunari Suzuki, J. Hsu, M. Earl, M. Koga, L. Wai, Minoru Yoshida, M. Nemoto, Frederick Reines, C. Mauger, M. Goldhaber, K. S. Ganezer, G. W. Sullivan, K. Kaneyuki, C. Saji, Mark R. Vagins, H. Okazawa, E. Blaufuss, Masato Shiozawa, J. S. George, L. R. Sulak, R. A. Doyle, C. Yanagisawa, S. Hatakeyama, T. J. Haines, T. Barszczak, Kyoshi Nishijima, M. Miura, K. Martens, R. W. Ellsworth, Ken-ichiro Kobayashi, Y. Kanaya, J. Kameda, K. Ishihara, T. Hayakawa, M. L. Chen, Y. Watanabe, R. Sanford, M. Kohama, M. Takita, C. McGrew, Shoei Nakayama, J. Hill, J. L. Stone, Koji Nakamura, Takashi Yamaguchi, Junichi Kanzaki, H. W. Sobel, Osamu Sasaki, A. Suzuki, R. Svoboda, T. Kobayashi, P. G. Halverson, R. J. Wilkes, K. K. Young, Yoshitaka Itow, M. D. Messier, S. Echigo, Kazumasa Miyano, W. Doki, and W. E. Keig

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Detector, Solar neutrino problem, Linear particle accelerator, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Neutrino detector, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Super-Kamiokande, Instrumentation
Abstract

In order to calibrate the Super-Kamiokande experiment for solar neutrino measurements, a linear accelerator (LINAC) for electrons was installed at the detector. LINAC data were taken at various positions in the detector volume, tracking the detector response in the variables relevant to solar neutrino analysis. In particular, the absolute energy scale is now known with less than 1 percent uncertainty., Comment: 24 pages, 16 figures, Submitted to NIM A

Published
1999
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7. Search for Proton Decay viap→e+π0in a Large Water Cherenkov Detector

Author

A. T. Suzuki, Makoto Sakuda, John G. Learned, T. Futagami, K. Martens, T. Ishizuka, M. Ota, T. Hayakawa, G. W. Sullivan, Yuichi Oyama, Frederick Reines, R. W. Ellsworth, F. Tsushima, K. Ishihara, K. Nakamura, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, T. Kobayashi, E. Ichihara, Y. Kobayashi, Ken-ichiro Kobayashi, H. W. Sobel, M. D. Messier, A. Sakai, B. Viren, M. L. Chen, Y. Nagashima, Junichi Kanzaki, Nobuyuki Sakurai, A. Kusano, T. J. Haines, R. A. Doyle, S. Echigo, H. Koga, Osamu Sasaki, Masayuki Nakahata, Y. Takeuchi, E. Kearns, A. Suzuki, J. Kameda, J. W. Flanagan, P. G. Halverson, W. R. Kropp, Minoru Yoshida, Takaaki Kajita, S. Hatakeyama, M. Goldhaber, Hiroshi Ogawa, R. Svoboda, Z. Conner, J. L. Stone, S. Yamada, K. Fujita, Y. Hayato, Takehisa Hasegawa, J. A. Goodman, Masaki Mori, K. K. Young, Y. Totsuka, T. Iwamoto, M. R. Vagins, M. Kohama, C. Yanagisawa, M. Miura, J. Hsu, C. K. Jung, M. Takahata, T. Kinebuchi, M. Earl, Yusuke Koshio, W. E. Keig, Masato Shiozawa, H. Okazawa, Yoshitaka Itow, J. Wilkes, L. R. Sulak, K. Nishijima, T. Barszczak, C. W. Walter, T. Ishii, J. Hill, A. Kibayashi, M. Takita, M. Oketa, Alec Habig, Tomoyuki Maruyama, D. Takemori, S. Matsuno, M. Koga, A. L. Stachyra, S. Kasuga, Y. Fukuda, C. Mauger, Takashi Yamaguchi, A. Okada, J. S. George, K. Nishikawa, Kazumasa Miyano, S. Nakayama, M. Nemoto, M. Etoh, K. S. Ganezer, S. B. Kim, Akira Hasegawa, L. R. Price, W. Doki, Shigeki Tasaka, E. Sharkey, M. Koshiba, Ko Okumura, Hirokazu Ishino, Kunio Inoue, Yasunari Suzuki, L. Wai, E. Blaufuss, K. Kaneyuki, C. Saji, C. McGrew, V. J. Stenger, Y. Kitaguchi, Y. Kanaya, Y. Watanabe, R. Sanford, and D. Kielczewska

Subjects
Physics, Particle decay, Particle physics, Proton, Cherenkov detector, law, Proton decay, General Physics and Astronomy, Neutrino, Lower limit, law.invention
Abstract

We have searched for proton decay via $p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ using data from a $25.5\mathrm{kton}\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}\mathrm{yr}$ exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector. We find no candidate events with an expected background induced by atmospheric neutrinos of 0.1 events. From these data, we set a lower limit on the partial lifetime of the proton $\ensuremath{\tau}{/B}_{p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}}$ to be $1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{33}\mathrm{years}$ at a 90% confidence level.

Published
1998
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8. Measurements of the Solar Neutrino Flux from Super-Kamiokande's First 300 Days

Author

T. Hayakawa, R. A. Doyle, T. Yamaguchi, J. A. Goodman, C. McGrew, M. Kohama, Y. Hayato, John G. Learned, T. Futagami, T. Ishizuka, A. T. Suzuki, Masayuki Nakahata, T. Iwamoto, M. Ota, S. Hatakeyama, Yusuke Koshio, R. W. Ellsworth, G. W. Sullivan, Minoru Yoshida, W. E. Keig, Mark R. Vagins, Masatoshi Koshiba, H. Okazawa, H. W. Sobel, Ko Okumura, M. Masuzawa, A. Kibayashi, Y. Totsuka, Osamu Sasaki, J. L. Stone, Yohei Kobayashi, M. Miura, Makoto Sakuda, J. T. Hong, H. Koga, Y. Kitaguchi, Yuichi Oyama, T. Kinebuchi, S. B. Kim, N. Sakurai, Y. Takeuchi, Takaaki Kajita, H. Ishino, M. Goldhaber, Kunio Inoue, Masaki Mori, M. Earl, T. Maruyama, Frederick Reines, T. Ishii, W. R. Kropp, Akira Hasegawa, F. Tsushima, J. Hsu, K. Nakamura, Shinya Yamada, Z. Conner, J. S. George, J. W. Flanagan, Hiroshi Ogawa, K. Kobayashi, Kyoshi Nishijima, S. Nakayama, M. D. Messier, S. Echigo, A. Kusano, S. Matsuno, J. Kameda, Yasunari Suzuki, L. Wai, M. L. Chen, Takehisa Hasegawa, K. Nishikawa, K. Ishihara, M. Takita, P. G. Halverson, Todd Haines, L. R. Price, A. L. Stachyra, D. Takemori, M. Etoh, C. W. Walter, K. Martens, J. Hill, K. S. Ganezer, C. Mauger, Y. Kanaya, E. Sharkey, Y. Watanabe, R. Sanford, B. Viren, A. Okada, M. Nemoto, C. K. Jung, M. Takahata, S. Kasuga, T. Kobayashi, D. Kielczewska, Y. Fukuda, M. Oketa, Kazumasa Miyano, L. R. Sulak, W. Doki, E. Ichihara, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, S. Tasaka, A. Sakai, Yoshitaka Itow, K. Fujita, Alec Habig, M. Koga, Y. Nagashima, A. Suzuki, R. Svoboda, E. Blaufuss, V. J. Stenger, Junichi Kanzaki, Masato Shiozawa, T. Barszczak, E. Kearns, J. Wilkes, K. Kaneyuki, C. Saji, K. K. Young, and C. Yanagisawa

Subjects
Physics, Standard solar model, Particle physics, Solar neutrino, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Electron, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Constant rate, Recoil, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Super-Kamiokande, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The first results of the solar neutrino flux measurement from Super-Kamiokande are presented. The results shown here are obtained from data taken between the 31st of May, 1996, and the 23rd of June, 1997. Using our measurement of recoil electrons with energies above 6.5 MeV, we infer the total flux of 8B solar neutrinos to be 2.42+-0.06(stat.)+0.10-0.07(syst.)*10^6/cm^2/s. This result is consistent with the Kamiokande measurement and is 36% of the flux predicted by the BP95 solar model. The flux is also measured in 1.5 month subsets and shown to be consistent with a constant rate., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

Published
1998
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9. Measurement of a small atmospheric ν/ν ratio

Author

Y. Fukuda, T. Hayakawa, E. Ichihara, K. Inoue, K. Ishihara, H. Ishino, Y. Itow, T. Kajita, J. Kameda, S. Kasuga, K. Kobayashi, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Koshio, K. Martens, M. Miura, M. Nakahata, S. Nakayama, A. Okada, M. Oketa, K. Okumura, M. Ota, N. Sakurai, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Totsuka, S. Yamada, M. Earl, A. Habig, J.T. Hong, E. Kearns, S.B. Kim, M. Masuzawa, M.D. Messier, K. Scholberg, J.L. Stone, L.R. Sulak, C.W. Walter, M. Goldhaber, T. Barszczak, W. Gajewski, P.G. Halverson, J. Hsu, W.R. Kropp, L.R. Price, F. Reines, H.W. Sobel, M.R. Vagins, K.S. Ganezer, W.E. Keig, R.W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, J.W. Flanagan, A. Kibayashi, J.G. Learned, S. Matsuno, V. Stenger, D. Takemori, T. Ishii, J. Kanzaki, T. Kobayashi, K. Nakamura, K. Nishikawa, Y. Oyama, A. Sakai, M. Sakuda, O. Sasaki, S. Echigo, M. Kohama, A.T. Suzuki, T.J. Haines, E. Blaufuss, R. Sanford, R. Svoboda, M.L. Chen, Z. Conner, J.A. Goodman, G.W. Sullivan, M. Mori, F. Goebel, J. Hill, C.K. Jung, C. Mauger, C. McGrew, E. Sharkey, B. Viren, C. Yanagisawa, W. Doki, T. Ishizuka, Y. Kitaguchi, H. Koga, K. Miyano, H. Okazawa, C. Saji, M. Takahata, A. Kusano, Y. Nagashima, M. Takita, T. Yamaguchi, M. Yoshida, M. Etoh, K. Fujita, A. Hasegawa, T. Hasegawa, S. Hatakeyama, T. Iwamoto, T. Kinebuchi, M. Koga, T. Maruyama, H. Ogawa, M. Saito, A. Suzuki, F. Tsushima, M. Koshiba, M. Nemoto, K. Nishijima, T. Futagami, Y. Hayato, Y. Kanaya, K. Kaneyuki, Y. Watanabe, D. Kielczewska, R. Doyle, J. George, A. Stachyra, L. Wai, J. Wilkes, and K. Young

Subjects
Momentum, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Theoretical models, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Atmospheric neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, Visible energy
Abstract

From an exposure of 25.5~kiloton-years of the Super-Kamiokande detector, 900 muon-like and 983 electron-like single-ring atmospheric neutrino interactions were detected with momentum $p_e > 100$ MeV/$c$, $p_\mu > 200$ MeV/$c$, and with visible energy less than 1.33 GeV. Using a detailed Monte Carlo simulation, the ratio $(\mu/e)_{DATA}/(\mu/e)_{MC}$ was measured to be $0.61 \pm 0.03(stat.) \pm 0.05(sys.)$, consistent with previous results from the Kamiokande, IMB and Soudan-2 experiments, and smaller than expected from theoretical models of atmospheric neutrino production.

Published
1998
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10. Evidence for Oscillation of Atmospheric Neutrinos

Author

Takaaki Kajita, H. Ishino, T. Ishii, T. Kobayashi, Alec Habig, L. Wai, J. Hsu, Tomoyuki Maruyama, Y. Totsuka, M. Koga, Ken-ichiro Kobayashi, Henry W. Sobel, S. Hatakeyama, D. Takemori, Kyoshi Nishijima, V. J. Stenger, M. Earl, Yoshitaka Itow, D. Casper, B. Viren, K. Nakamura, J. Kameda, Makoto Sakuda, A. L. Stachyra, Y. Kanaya, S. Nakayama, W. R. Kropp, N. Sakurai, Masayuki Nakahata, R. A. Doyle, M. Takita, M. L. Chen, S. Matsuno, P. G. Halverson, Akira Hasegawa, K. Martens, K. Fujita, Y. Watanabe, Frederick Reines, R. Sanford, L. R. Price, J. Shirai, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, Osamu Sasaki, M. Kohama, Todd Haines, E. Sharkey, R. J. Wilkes, M. Goldhaber, Takashi Yamaguchi, C. McGrew, Yoshihiro Suzuki, C. Mauger, K. K. Young, S. Mine, C. K. Jung, M. Takahata, D. Kielczewska, J. S. George, Michael B. Smy, E. Ichihara, J. A. Goodman, A. Okada, J. Hill, J. W. Flanagan, Hiroshi Ogawa, M. Nemoto, E. Blaufuss, Kazumasa Miyano, A. T. Suzuki, A. Sakai, Takehisa Hasegawa, M. Etoh, T. Hayakawa, K. Ishihara, K. S. Ganezer, G. W. Sullivan, John G. Learned, H. Okazawa, W. Doki, T. Futagami, T. Barszczxak, R. W. Ellsworth, M. D. Messier, S. Tasaka, Masatoshi Koshiba, S. Echigo, Yuichi Oyama, F. Tsushima, Minoru Yoshida, C. Yanagisawa, A. Kibayashi, Yohei Kobayashi, Y. Nagashima, M. Miura, Ko Okumura, B. K. Kim, Kunio Inoue, K. Nishikawa, A. Suzuki, R. Svoboda, C. W. Walter, Soo-Bong Kim, S. Kasuga, Y. Fukuda, Y. Takeuchi, Shinya Yamada, Z. Conner, Masato Shiozawa, Lawrence Sulak, Junichi Kanzaki, Y. Hayato, T. Iwamoto, Yusuke Koshio, E. Kearns, K. Kaneyuki, C. Saji, J. L. Stone, W. E. Keig, and Mark R. Vagins

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Bilepton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Physics and Astronomy, Solar neutrino problem, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Neutrino detector, K2K experiment, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Super-Kamiokande
Abstract

We present an analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from a 33.0 kiloton-year (535-day) exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector. The data exhibit a zenith angle dependent deficit of muon neutrinos which is inconsistent with expectations based on calculations of the atmospheric neutrino flux. Experimental biases and uncertainties in the prediction of neutrino fluxes and cross sections are unable to explain our observation. The data are consistent, however, with two-flavor nu_mu nu_tau oscillations with sin^2(2theta)>0.82 and 5x10^-4 < delta m^2 < 6x10^-3 eV^2 at 90% confidence level., Comment: 9 pages (two-column) with 4 figures. Small corrections to Eqn.4 and Fig.3. Final version to appear in PRL

Published
1998

11. Neutrino-induced upward stopping muons in Super-Kamiokande

Author

Y. Hatakeyama, Y. Takeuchi, Shinya Yamada, Yasunari Suzuki, Y. Totsuka, Kazumasa Miyano, M. Earl, Michael B. Smy, Kyoshi Nishijima, L. R. Sulak, H. W. Sobel, W. Doki, C. Mauger, J. Hill, W. E. Keig, T. Kobayashi, J. L. Stone, T. Inagaki, Masatoshi Koshiba, M. Takahashi, D. Takemori, E. Kearns, K. Nishikawa, M. Kohama, A. Okada, S. Hatakeyama, Yoshitaka Itow, M. Goldhaber, M. Kirisawa, Yohei Kobayashi, M. Koike, K. Higuchi, C. W. Walter, D. Casper, Makoto Sakuda, O. Sasaki, Minoru Yoshida, S. Nakayama, K. Nakamura, K. Kaneyuki, C. McGrew, Takaaki Kajita, C. Saji, K. Ishihara, S. Inaba, N. Sakurai, Ken-ichiro Kobayashi, J. A. Goodman, Alec Habig, E. Blaufuss, M. Miura, H. Fujiyasu, Y. Nagashima, K. Martens, S. Matsuno, M. Koga, Masayuki Nakahata, H. Takeuchi, Akira Hasegawa, A. Sakai, R. W. Ellsworth, A. L. Stachyra, Soo-Bong Kim, L. R. Price, J. Shirai, B. K. Kim, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, T. Ishii, M. D. Messier, S. Echigo, A. Kibayashi, J. Kameda, Shigeki Tasaka, E. Sharkey, S. Kasuga, Y. Fukuda, V. J. Stenger, K. S. Ganezer, M. Takita, M. L. Chen, R. J. Wilkes, Ko Okumura, Hiroshi Ogawa, Takehisa Hasegawa, Yuichi Oyama, Takashi Yamaguchi, Hirokazu Ishino, K. K. Young, Kunio Inoue, Tomoyuki Maruyama, John G. Learned, M. Nemoto, T. Futagami, J. S. George, F. Tsushima, C. Yanagisawa, A. T. Suzuki, G. W. Sullivan, H. Okazawa, Y. Kanaya, M. Etoh, Y. Watanabe, R. Sanford, S. Mine, C. K. Jung, M. Takahata, A. Suzuki, D. Kielczewska, R. Svoboda, Y. Obayashi, Y. Hayato, T. J. Haines, W. R. Kropp, T. Iwamoto, Masato Shiozawa, Yusuke Koshio, T. Barszczak, Mark R. Vagins, and B. Viren

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Expected value, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Super-Kamiokande, Zenith
Abstract

A total of 137 upward stopping muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 516 detector live days. The measured muon flux is 0.39+/-0.04(stat.)+/-0.02(syst.)x10^{-13}cm^{-2}s^{-1}sr^{-1} compared to an expected flux of 0.73+/-0.16(theo.)x10^{-13}cm^{-2}s^{-1}sr^{-1}. Using our previously-published measurement of the upward through-going muon flux, we calculate the stopping/through-going flux ratio R}, which has less theoretical uncertainty. The measured value of R=0.22+/-0.02(stat.)+/-0.01(syst.) is significantly smaller than the value 0.37^{+0.05}_{-0.04}(theo.) expected using the best theoretical information (the probability that the measured R is a statistical fluctuation below the expected value is 0.39%). A simultaneous fitting to zenith angle distributions of upward stopping and through-going muons gives a result which is consistent with the hypothesis of neutrino oscillations with the parameters sin^2 2\theta >0.7 and 1.5x10^{-3} < \Delta m^2 < 1.5x10^{-2} eV^2 at 90% confidence level, providing a confirmation of the observation of neutrino oscillations by Super-Kamiokande using the contained atmospheric neutrino events., Comment: 15 pages, including 7 figures. Submitted to Physics Letters Revision fixes typo in author field

Published
1999

12. Observation of the east-west anisotropy of the atmospheric neutrino flux

Author

Masatoshi Koshiba, A. Kibayashi, Y. Totsuka, R. W. Ellsworth, G. W. Sullivan, M. Nemoto, C. W. Walter, Y. Hatakeyama, Akira Hasegawa, John G. Learned, T. Futagami, D. Takemori, T. Hayakawa, Yoshitaka Itow, Shoei Nakayama, M. Earl, R. J. Wilkes, L. Wai, Takaaki Kajita, H. Ishino, M. Kirisawa, K. K. Young, C. K. Jung, M. Takahata, D. Kielczewska, M. Goldhaber, Tomoyuki Maruyama, Katsuhiro Kobayashi, Soo-Bong Kim, M. Koike, D. Casper, S. Kasuga, Y. Fukuda, J. Hill, L. R. Price, J. Shirai, Makoto Sakuda, K. Higuchi, Minoru Yoshida, Y. Hayato, Michael B. Smy, M. Takita, Shigeki Tasaka, E. Sharkey, Y. Takeuchi, Kazumasa Miyano, K. Martens, C. McGrew, Shinya Yamada, T. Ishii, M. D. Messier, S. Echigo, C. Yanagisawa, Todd Haines, J. Kameda, M. Miura, T. Iwamoto, Hiroshi Ogawa, C. Mauger, V. J. Stenger, T. Kobayashi, M. L. Chen, W. Doki, Takashi Yamaguchi, Atsumu Suzuki, A. Okada, Kyoshi Nishijima, Takehisa Hasegawa, A. L. Stachyra, Junichi Kanzaki, A. Sakai, Nobuyuki Sakurai, K. Nakamura, Yusuke Koshio, W. E. Keig, Y. Nagashima, H. Takeuchi, Y. Obayashi, S. Matsuno, Yasunari Suzuki, Mark R. Vagins, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, Masayuki Nakahata, B. K. Kim, K. Ishihara, E. Kearns, M. Takahashi, W. R. Kropp, Masato Shiozawa, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, T. Barszczak, M. Etoh, Alec Habig, K. S. Ganezer, M. Koga, S. Hatakeyama, K. Kaneyuki, C. Saji, A. Suzuki, R. Svoboda, Y. Kobayashi, S. Inaba, S. Mine, J. S. George, B. Viren, M. Kohama, K. Nishikawa, Yuichi Oyama, E. Blaufuss, F. Tsushima, Ko Okumura, Kunio Inoue, Y. Kanaya, H. Okazawa, Y. Watanabe, R. Sanford, H. W. Sobel, Osamu Sasaki, H. Fujiyasu, and J. A. Goodman

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Magnetic field, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Atmosphere of Earth, Earth's magnetic field, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Anisotropy, Charged current, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

The east-west anisotropy, caused by the deflection of primary cosmic rays in the Earth's magnetic field, is observed for the first time in the flux of atmospheric neutrinos. Using a 45 kt-year exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector, 552 e-like and 633 mu-like horizontally-going events are selected in the momentum range between 400 and 3000 MeV/c. The azimuthal distribution of e-like and mu-like events agrees with the expectation from atmospheric neutrino flux calculations that account for the geomagnetic field, verifying that the geomagnetic field effects in the production of atmospheric neutrinos in the GeV energy range are well understood., Comment: 8 pages,3 figures revtex, submitted to PRL

Published
1999

13. Erratum: Measurements of the Solar Neutrino Flux from Super-Kamiokande's First 300 Days [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1158 (1998)]

Author

K. Nishikawa, Y. Totsuka, C. W. Walter, Frederick Reines, M. Takahata, M. Earl, D. Kielczewska, S. Kasuga, Y. Fukuda, K. Ishihara, A. T. Suzuki, M. Takita, Atsumu Suzuki, H. W. Sobel, Y. Takeuchi, W. R. Kropp, M. R. Vagins, Z. Conner, T. Kajita, E. Blaufuss, Makoto Sakuda, K. Nakamura, K. S. Ganezer, Takashi Yamaguchi, Osamu Sasaki, S. Yamada, K. Fujita, K. Kaneyuki, J. S. George, M. Koshiba, T. Kobayashi, C. Saji, T. Hayakawa, Ko Okumura, C. Yanagisawa, M. Nemoto, T. Futagami, Michitoshi Yoshida, Kunio Inoue, M. Miura, Yasunari Suzuki, Y. Nagashima, E. Ichihara, J. G. Learned, S. Nakayama, M. Ota, H. Ogawa, A. Sakai, Nobuyuki Sakurai, S. B. Kim, G. W. Sullivan, M. Etoh, A. L. Stachyra, S. Echigo, R. W. Ellsworth, J. Hsu, M. Masuzawa, M. D. Messier, V. J. Stenger, P. G. Halverson, J. L. Stone, Ken-ichiro Kobayashi, M. L. Chen, M. Goldhaber, J. Kameda, S. Hatakeyama, A. Kusano, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, T. Iwamoto, J. T. Hong, H. Koga, A. Kibayashi, K. K. Young, Yusuke Koshio, T. Kinebuchi, R. A. Doyle, L. R. Sulak, Hirokazu Ishino, Y. Kanaya, T. Ishii, Y. Watanabe, Yuichi Oyama, Masaki Mori, M. Kohama, D. Takemori, J. Wilkes, R. Sanford, K. Nishijima, L. Wai, C. McGrew, M. Oketa, Tomoyuki Maruyama, C. Mauger, A. Okada, K. Martens, J. W. Flanagan, F. Tsushima, Takehisa Hasegawa, Y. Hayato, Y. Kitaguchi, Masayuki Nakahata, J. A. Goodman, Yoshitaka Itow, B. Viren, Kazumasa Miyano, John Hill, W. Doki, T. J. Haines, W. E. Keig, Y. Kobayashi, Junichi Kanzaki, C. K. Jung, Masato Shiozawa, T. Barszczak, E. Kearns, R. Svoboda, T. Ishizuka, H. Okazawa, Alec Habig, S. Matsuno, M. Koga, Akira Hasegawa, L. R. Price, Shigeki Tasaka, and E. Sharkey

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Solar neutrino, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Super-Kamiokande
Published
1998
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14. Evaluation of pregnancy-related cells in endometrial cytology.

Author

Kashimura Y, Fukuda J, Toki N, Doki W, and Kashimura M

Subjects
Abortion, Spontaneous diagnosis, Adult, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Hydatidiform Mole diagnosis, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Uterine Neoplasms diagnosis, Vaginal Smears, Abortion, Spontaneous pathology, Endometrium pathology, Hydatidiform Mole pathology, Trophoblasts pathology, Uterine Neoplasms pathology
Abstract

Objective: To determine the significance of pregnancy-related cells in endometrial smears., Study Design: Pregnancy-related cells in 4429 endometrial smear samples were retrospectively analyzed and evaluated for clinicopathologic and cytomorphologic features., Results: Of the 4429 endometrial smears taken for cancer screening, pregnancy-related cells were detected in 12 cases (0.3%). They were estimated cytologically as negative or suspicious and confirmed as cases ofspontaneous abortion (8 cases), placental site nodule (3 cases), and partial hydatidiform mole (1 case). Decidual cells were observed in all cases, and some of these showed atypia. Trophoblasts were observed in 5 (41.7%) of the 12 cases. Syncytiotrophoblasts were observed in 1 case (8.3%) and nonsyncytiotrophoblasts in 5 (41.7%) of the 12 cases. Pregnancy-related cells were observed in an endometrial smear in 7 cases; other cases were missed during cytologic examination and were retrospectively identified., Conclusion: Pregnancy-related cells are likely to be missed because they are difficult to identify or are surrounded by a cluster of endometrial cells. The decidual cell is a key cell for the cytologic diagnosis of pregnancy-related cells. Determining the existence of pregnancy-related cells in endometrial smears is important for the further assessment of patients and the differential diagnosis of several endometrial lesions.

Published
2007
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