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Current techniques used to produce carbon micro-ribbon targets 5 μm wide×3.7–4.5 μg/cm 2 ×25-mm long will be described. Developmental emphasis was to provide nearly identical micro-ribbons with the minimum number of atoms per unit of length, and to position them within ±0.5 mm of the desired location on C-shaped frames. The foil strip targets to be described were 200–600 μm wide×3.7–4.5 μg/cm 2 ×51 mm long. These were produced from 25-mm-wide carbon film deposits that were scribed using a jig prior to dissolving the betaine/sucrose release agent under ethanol. Both types of targets required methods and devices that differed significantly from those reported previously for substrate texturing, masking, vacuum deposition, releasing from the substrate, and mounting. Sets of 12–24 of the targets have been made for the 2006 run period at BNL.

Red 31 P targets of 2.6 and 2.9 mg/cm2±0.1 mg/cm2 with 1-cm×2-cm side dimensions were prepared for a nuclear mass measurement which required good thickness uniformity. The thinner target, with 50 μg/cm2 of gold flashed on both surfaces, withstood a 173-MeV α beam of 175 nA for 18 h. Adaptations will be described for an Indiana University Cyclotron Facility air-settling method used to distribute phosphorus powder, as well as the methods developed for subsequent pressing, roll thinning, and dry release to obtain self-supporting targets. An envelope of gold foil, in contact with the phosphorus during each step, was instrumental in the process.

For a neutron-lifetime experiment at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an alloy of 6Li and Mg was prepared as a disk 2.8 mm thick and 37.9 mm in diameter. Three-plus grams of a homogeneous alloy with a 6Li content approaching 74 at%, a very low hydrogen content and a low oxygen content were required. A sealed stainless-steel crucible was used for the alloying, in consideration of the chemical activities and vapor pressures of Li and Mg at the alloy-formation temperature (≥925 K). This report includes design details of the weld-sealed crucible, adaptations made to a radio-frequency (RF) induction furnance and the process used to prepare 4.5 g of the alloy, recover the alloy from the crucible and shape it into a disk. For ten months, the disk was stored successfully by continous vacuum pumping at 1.3 kPa. Back-scattered gamma rays revealed the alloy had acceptably low levels of hydrogen and oxygen. No other contaminants were detected.

Immersion coating, spray coating, stretching, and roll-reduction methods have been explored in work to produce pinhole-free films of Teflon that are 5 cm × 30 cm in area and less than 500 μg/cm 2 thick. A method to produce these films by rolling thicker, commerically available films will be described. The defining characteristics and limitations encountered with each of the other preparation methods also are presented. Four of the self-supporting Teflon films form the walls of an open-ended cell used to increase the density of a polarized-hydrogen target [M.A. Ross et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 344 (1994) 307; W.A. Dezarn et al., these Proceedings (17th World Conf. of the INTDS, Bloomington, IN, USA, 1994) Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 362 (1995) 36]. At a wall thickness of 500 μg/cm 2 , roughly half the thickness of commerically available film, detection of recoil protons became possible.

The use of thin fibers as internal targets for nuclear physics experiments in storage rings is discussed. We have measured the lifetime and the energy spread of stored, electron-cooled beams in the presence of an internal carbon fiber target. Measurements have been carried out in the Indiana Cooler with proton beams between 100 MeV and 300 MeV. The effect of the inhomogeneous fiber target on the beam is the same as that of a homogeneous gas target of equivalent thickness within the accuracy of the measurement. The measurements are compared with a Monte Carlo simulation of the stored beam. It is demonstrated that charging of the fiber target can significantly affect the lifetime and energy spread of the stored beam.

The use of 5–15 μg/cm 2 films of vacuum-evaporated carbon as targets and stripper foils in the IUCF cooler ring requires compliance with the characteristics of the ring. One way to circumvent the upper limit in target thickness of 10 15 nuclei/cm 2 (less than 100 ng/cm 2 ) for stationary targets is to move a somewhat thicker ribbon quickly through the beam. Our current methods for fabricating, handling, and mounting carbon micro-ribbons are described. Stripping-injection of 90 MeV H 2 + beam from the cyclotron into the cooler is accomplished using 5–15 μg/cm 2 stationary carbon foils. The requirement that these foils be mounted on a “C”-shaped frame with an open side of 31 mm, proved surprisingly easy to fulfill. A technique will be described for producing single-layer stripper foils which have a relatively straight edge that is unsupported across one side.

The Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) is an accelerator-based pulsed cold neutron facility under construction at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF). The idea behind LENS is to produce pulsed cold neutron beams starting with ~MeV neutrons from (p,n) reactions in Be which are moderated to meV energies and extracted from a small solid angle for use in neutron instruments which can operate efficiently with relatively broad (~1 msec) neutron pulse widths. Although the combination of the features and operating parameters of this source is unique at present, the neutronic design possesses several features similar to those envisioned for future neutron facilities such as long-pulsed spallation sources (LPSS) and very cold neutron (VCN) sources. We describe the underlying ideas and design details of the target/moderator/reflector system (TMR) and compare measurements of its brightness, energy spectrum, and emission time distribution under different moderator configurations with MCNP simulations. Brightness measurements using an ambient temperature water moderator agree with MCNP simulations within the 20% accuracy of the measurement. The measured neutron emission time distribution from a solid methane moderator is in agreement with simulation and the cold neutron flux is sufficient for neutron scattering studies of materials. We describe some possible modifications to the existing design which would increase the cold neutron brightness with negligible effect on the emission time distribution., This is a preprint version of an article which has been published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 587 (2008) 324-341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.12.044

A new polarimeter is being installed in the Brookhaven AGS, based on the successful proton‐carbon polarimeters in RHIC. The polarimeter will measure the left‐right asymmetry for proton—carbon elastic scattering in the Coulomb‐nuclear interference (CNI) region, for vertically polarized protons in the AGS. The polarimeter offers a much higher figure of merit than the existing AGS polarimeter which is based on larger angle proton—proton elastic scattering. We expect to measure the polarization in the AGS with a single or a few acceleration cycles. We also plan to measure the polarization in 2 ms bins during the AGS acceleration ramp. Multiple ramps will be necessary, probably over 30 minutes to an hour.

Polarimeters using the proton carbon elastic scattering process in Coulomb Nuclear Interference (CNI) region were installed in two RHIC rings. Polarization measurements were successfully carried out with the high energy polarized proton beams for the first polarized pp collision run. The physics principles, performance, and polarization measurements are presented.

A pulsed source of H/sup -/ ions has been constructed with minimal cost and is currently being used for commissioning of the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) Cooler Injector Synchrotron. A commercially available duoplasmatron, previously used with the IUCF cyclotrons, was modified for pulsed operation and has produced 25 keV H/sup -/ ion beams of up to 1 mA in an emittance of less than 0.38 /spl pi/-mm-mrad normalized (80%) and can operate up to 10 Hz with 50 /spl mu/s to 4 ms pulse length. A simple and economical pulsed high-power MOSFET circuit is used to drive the arc and the gas valve. The beam transport line to the 7 MeV RFQ-DTL, features an Einzel lens doublet immediately upstream to match the beam from the source. The design, development and performance of the ion source and beam transport line is presented.

The analyzing power for proton-carbon elastic scattering in the Coulomb-nuclear interference region of momentum transfer, $9.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}l\ensuremath{-}tl4.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ $(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/c{)}^{2}$, was measured with a $21.7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/c$ polarized proton beam at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron of Brookhaven National Laboratory. The ratio of hadronic spin-flip to nonflip amplitude, ${r}_{5}$, was obtained from the analyzing power to be $\mathrm{R}\mathrm{e}{r}_{5}=0.088\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.058$ and $\mathrm{I}\mathrm{m}{r}_{5}=\ensuremath{-}0.161\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.226$.

A natural-carbon analog of fluffy, intractable 14C powder was produced. With it, a method was developed to produce a pressed disk of 14C of 12.7-mg/cm2 thickness and 1.27-cm diameter, bound with 2.1 wt.% of adhesive. Aluminized Mylar cover foils and a fritted-disc filter were used to contain the target for ( p , p′) experiments. Reduction of 71Ga2O3 to the metal was accomplished with an efficiency of 94.3% in a small electroplating cell. Magnesium was chosen as the companion element because 50 at.% could be tolerated in the (p, n) experiment, and GaMg has a melting point of 646 K. A 1.27-cm diameter target, supported at the edge by a Mg foil, was produced in several simple steps. Directly rollable 66,67Zn foils were obtained from an electroplating cell with a Pt screen anode and a highly polished tungsten-carbide cathode. Plating times of 3 h provided metal-recovery efficiencies ranging from 94.2 to 96.5%. The as-deposited foils had many holes but were hole-free and shiny after reduction of 25% by pack rolling.

This report is based on the review and study of primary gastrointestinal malignant lymphomas as seen in cytologic brushing and washing specimens. During a period of 12 years (1970 to 1981), a total of 2,675 patients with malignant lymphoma involving the gastrointestinal tract were seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Of these patients, 73 were diagnosed as having primary malignant lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. A total of 49 preoperative cytologic specimens obtained from 29 patients with histologically confirmed primary gastrointestinal malignant lymphoma were examined and are the basis for this study. Twenty-four patients had gastric primaries; three tumors were in the colon and two were small intestinal lymphomas. Thirty-three cytologic specimens taken from 25 patients were considered diagnostic for malignant lymphoma. A positive cytologic brushing was the only diagnostic preoperative specimen for 9 of the 29 patients. Combined cytologic and biopsy specimens provided a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma for 16 patients. Cytologic washings did not add to the diagnostic accuracy. The 29 cases of malignant lymphoma reviewed here were histologically subclassified as 23 large-cell, poorly differentiated and six small-cell, well-differentiated lesions. The cytomorphologic features of malignant lymphoma as observed in gastrointestinal specimens are outlined, and differential diagnoses are discussed. Clinicopathologic implications of the cytologic findings are considered.

A study of the value of cytologic examination in the diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma showed that fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a definitive means of making the diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. In experienced hands, FNA cytology approached a diagnostic accuracy of 100%. With exfoliative cytology, technically adequate sputum samples offered an 82% diagnostic yield; sputum cytology should thus be considered as an adjunct method in establishing the diagnosis. Several cytologic features that strongly suggest the diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and help to differentiate it from adenocarcinomas of other body sites are outlined. It is also concluded that immunocytochemical stains have limited value in differentiating bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and other types of clear cell malignant neoplasms, including mesothelioma, unless a panel of antibodies is used, and are of no value in ascertaining whether the cells are benign or malignant.

This report is based on a review and study of carcinoid tumors as seen in smears prepared from exfoliative or aspiration smears. During a period of eight years (1970 to 1978), 236 cytologic specimens were examined from 64 patients treated for carcinoid tumors at Memorial Hospital. Thirty-eight cytologic specimens from 18 patients were interpreted as either suspicious or positive for malignant cells. Tumor cells were identified most often in tracheobronchial specimens, effusions and percutaneous aspirates. A striking similarity in cell morphology was found between exfoliated and aspirated tumor cells. Certain specific or suggestive cytologic features were recognized. The histogenesis of carcinoids and the role of intracytoplasmic neurosecretory granules in the differential diagnosis is discussed together with the clinicopathologic implication of positive cytologic findings.