1. Hepatitis A epidemics from utility sewage in Ocoee, Florida
- Author
-
W. T. Vonstille, W. T. Stille, and Ralph C. Sharer
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Food Handling ,Stormwater ,Sewage ,Severity of Illness Index ,Disease Outbreaks ,Environmental health ,Severity of illness ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Humans ,Child ,General Environmental Science ,Hepatitis ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Hepatitis A ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Diarrhea ,Child, Preschool ,Florida ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Utility system - Abstract
The 1988–1989 hepatitis A epidemic in the Palms section of Ocoee, Florida, followed sewage overflows and involved 39 cases and a fetal death. Of the 18 index cases (i.e., the first hepatitis illness in a household), each had a history of contact with sewage-contaminated stormwater and no other known contact with the infection. Illnesses varied from mild to severe; 20 people reported that diarrhea, abdominal pain, varying degrees of ascites, and other symptoms continued for 2 y after the initial illness. Health injuries up to 20 y of lost life, measured by CEA-Clinical Epidemiological Analysissm, were found. Public records of rainfall and sewage flows provide evidence of massive stormwater entry into the utility system, which periodically appears to have flushed sewage from the utility lift station into residential areas.
- Published
- 1993