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Grain surface movement monitoring is an important part of the daily inventory inspection of national grain reserves, and is a new requirement for grain storage supervision. In order to solve the technical problems of the traditional grain surface movement monitoring, this paper proposed a laser radar-based grain surface movement monitoring method. A full-size experimental platform that can simulate the real grain pile state was established, and a high-precision laser three-dimensional measurement device was utilized to design an algorithm to identify the abnormal movement of the grain surface of the bulk grain pile based on the laser scanning point cloud data and the information of entering and exiting the warehouse operation. The algorithm was examined and verified through the experimental platform. The results showed that: the method can directly obtain high-precision coordinate information of the grain pile surface, which overcome the problem of insufficient data accuracy of image recognition technology. The constructed algorithm of grain surface motion discrimination based on the coordinate information of the grain pile shape and the data of entry and exit operation status was capable of realizing reliable quantitative computatio. The proposed method was applied to the actual grain warehouse scenario, which verified the feasibility and validity of the method, and it was able to satisfy the dynamic grain inventory supervision needs. The proposed method was applied to the actual grain silo scenario to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method, which can meet the demand of grain stock dynamics supervision and provide a new technology for online monitoring and early warning of grain surface variation.

The average density of particulate grain pile is an important parameter for real-time online measurement of grain stock quantity. In order to solve the problem of calculating the average density of particulate grain pile in the inventory of grain processing enterprises, a calculation method for the average density of particulate grain pile in silos was proposed based on the comparison and analysis of the existing methods. Besides, a complete process of grain filling and discharging o f a rice silo was selected to verify the measurement accuracy and practicability of the method. The results shows the method meet the requirements of use. This method is simple, practical, and accurate. In addition, the method overcomes the shortcomings of the existing correction coefficient method and provides technical means for dynamic inventory count in grain processing enterprises.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive involvement of upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN). With the rapid development of sequencing technique, genetic screening of ALS improved from a single locus site sequencing to whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS), more and more pathogenic genes affecting the occurrence and development of diseases have been discovered. At present, the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS mainly include abnormal protein aggregation, abnormal DNA or RNA function, changes in cytoskeleton and axon dynamics, autophagy process, lysosome dysfunction, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exploring the genetic mechanism of ALS has great significance to elucidate its pathophysiological mechanism. This paper reviews the main pathogenic genes, genetic research methods and related pathogenic mechanisms of ALS, reveals the pathogenesis and development of the disease and related pathophysiological mechanisms, and provides new strategies for the treatment of ALS.

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus that can cause severe and potentially fatal Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immunodeficient patients. In this study, we investigated the genetic polymorphisms of P. jirovecii at eight different loci, including six nuclear genes (ITS, 26S rRNA, sod, dhps, dhfr and β-Tub) and two mitochondrial genes (mtLSU-rRNA and cyb) in three PCP cases, including two patients with HIV infection and one without HIV infection in Shanxi Province, P.R. China. The gene targets were amplified by PCR followed by sequencing of plasmid clones. The HIV-negative patient showed a coinfection with two genotypes of P. jirovecii at six of the eight loci sequenced. Of the two HIV-positive patients, one showed a coinfection with two genotypes of P. jirovecii at the same two of the six loci as in the HIV-negative patient, while the other showed a single infection at all eight loci sequenced. None of the three drug target genes (dhfr, dhps and cyb) showed mutations known to be potentially associated with drug resistance. This is the first report of genetic polymorphisms of P. jirovecii in PCP patients in Shanxi Province, China. Our findings expand our understanding of the genetic diversity of P. jirovecii in China.

C15H20O2S, monoclinic, P21/c (No. 14), a = 12.8520(8) Å, b = 10.5864(8) Å, c = 11.2202(7) Å, β = 104.375(7)°, V = 1478.78(18) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0655, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1781, T = 293 K.

C12H10N2Os2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.572(2) Å, b = 10.449(2) Å, c = 11.348(2) Å, β = 111.202(2)°, V = 1168.7 Å3, Z = 4,Rgt(F) = 0.0355, wRref(F2) = 0.0967, T = 296 K.

C20H18N4O, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.8679(8) Å, b = 15.768(2) Å, c = 16.498(2) Å, V = 1786.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0362, wRref(F2) = 0.0899, T = 296 K.

Four monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) for Brassica alboglabra--Brassica campestris were developed through digenomic triploid (ACC) backcrossing with the recurrent parent B. alboglabra (CC). The objectives of this study were to compare morphological traits, microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats), chromosomal karyotypes, and meiotic behaviors. Based on the new chromosome nomenclature system established for Brassica, we preliminarily identified these MAALs as [CC+A.sub.1], [CC+A.sub.3], [CC+A.sub.6], and [CC+A.sub.7]. Their alien chromosomes were transmittable through both female and male gametes at rates of 11.46%-26.53% and 4.88%-12.90%, respectively. Key words: Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, Brassica campestris var. utilis, monosomic alien addition lines. Les auteurs ont developpe quatre lignees d'addition monosomiques (MAAL) pour le Brassica alboglabra--Brassica campestris via un retrocroisement triploide digenomique (AAC) avec le parent recurrent B. alboglabra (CC). Les objectif de cette etude etaient de comparer la morphologie, les marqueurs microsatellites (sequences simples repetees), les caryotypes chromosomiques et les comportements meiotiques. Sur la base de la nouvelle nomenclature chromosomique proposee pour le genre Brassica, les auteurs ont identifie ces lignees comme ayant la composition suivante: [CC+A.sub.1], [CC+A.sub.3], [CC+A.sub.6] et [CC+A.sub.7]. Les chromosomes additionnels etaient transmis via les gametes femelles et males a des frequences variant respectivement entre 11,46 % et 26,53 % dans le premier cas et entre 4,88 % et 12,90 % dans le second cas. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, Brassica campestris var. utilis, lignees d'addition monosomiques., Introduction The genus Brassica includes three basic diploid species--B. rapa (2n = 2x = 20; AA), B. nigra (2n = 2x = 16; BB), and B. oleracea (2n = 2x [...]

For western blot analysis, a housekeeping protein, such as β-actin or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, is used as loading control with the assumption that these proteins are stable. In practice, these internal loading control proteins vary with different cell states and tissue types. These internal standards are not appropriate for use with serum, extracellular secretion, cerebrospinal fluid analysis or for protein purification. We investigated total protein measurement using Congo red staining and found it to be a superior alternative to routine loading controls. Advantages include lower cost, technical simplicity and improved linear regression. We propose using Congo red staining for total protein immunoblotting to evaluate protein loading in western blots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]