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In order to explore the desilting effects of different channel desilting schemes, a hydrodynamic model accelerated by a graphic process unit (GPU) was used to construct a flood evolution model for the study area and simulate the flood inundation situation of the channels in the study area after implementing four desilting schemes at different return periods. The results show that: ① The schemes in terms of flood inundation alleviation and desilting excavation volume in descending order are as follows: full-section scheme, combination scheme, only floodplain scheme, and only thalweg scheme. ② The inundated area of each scheme decreases by 4.20%–21.68%, 1.57%–13.85%, 6.66%–43.6%, and 5.63%–39.7%, respectively. In terms of inundated area reduction rate, the combination scheme has an average reduction of 2.19% compared with the full-section scheme at different return periods, but the excavation volume of the full-section scheme is 21.89% higher than that of the combination scheme. ③ The ratio of the inundated area reduction rate to the excavation volume is used to represent the ability to reduce the inundated area per unit excavation volume. The ability of each desilting scheme to reduce inundated area is 7.34%–12.49%, 2.75%–7.98%, 8.86%–19.08%, and 9.13%–21.18%, respectively. The combination scheme has the strongest ability to reduce the inundated area at different return periods. Therefore, the combination scheme is determined as the comprehensive optimal scheme among the four desilting schemes. This study can provide a reference for channel desilting, flood control, and disaster reduction.

Abstract Temperature and nutrients are known as crucial drivers for the variations of bacterial community structure and functions in oceans and lakes. However, their significance and mechanisms in influencing the bacterial community structure and function in mountain stream remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of the bacterial communities and the main environmental factors in the Taizicheng River, a high-latitude mountainous stream, to reveal the main driving factors for sedimental bacterial communities. Our findings identified that the phyla Acidobacteriota and Bacteroidota served as the strong discriminant for sedimental bacterial community in the non-freezing and freezing periods, respectively. In contrast, no significant difference was detected in bacterial functional composition. Mantel test and Redundancy analysis showed that temperature and nutrients played significant roles in determining the bacterial community structure and temperature critically influenced the bacterial metabolic processes. The results of partial least squares path model demonstrated that temperature affected the bacterial community structure in both directly (43.70%) and indirectly pathways (41.10%) by affecting the sediment parameters. However, the functional composition was not significantly affected by temperature and nutrients. Our results highlight that the change of temperature can significantly alters the structure of bacterial communities rather than functional composition and provides new insights into the response mechanisms of bacterial communities to environmental factors which contributes to the deep understanding of the driving factors as well as the protection strategies for microbial communities in mountain stream and aquatic ecosystem.

Objective When turnouts are laid on slope, the longitudinal force increase on the track due to the cyclic braking of trains will cause uneven rail creeping phenomena， resulting in a more complex stress and deformation pattern for the turnout, and even affecting its normal service. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of stress and deformation of large-slope turnout rails under cyclic braking loads. Method Tests on fastener longitudinal resistance under CLA (cycling loads action) are conducted, and a non-linear finite element model of the No.9 turnout is established to analyze the turnout rail creeping pattern under CLA. Result & Conclusion The fastener system exhibits resistance degradation under CLA. The maximum creep of the turnout rail occurs after the first train braking. Under CLA, the cumulative increase in rail creeping gradually stabilizes with the increasing number of CLA. The presence of slope will significantly increase rail creeping amount under CLA. The train loading form has minimal influence on turnout rail creeping under cycling braking loads action.

To investigate the influence of water level and rainfall on water quality of river inwelling, this paper builds a hydrodynamic and water quality model based on SWMM in Wufuwei District of Foshan City to simulate the variation law of water quality in tidal reach under the influence of rainfall and water level. The simulation results show that the water level and rainfall have obvious influence on the water quality of the river. On sunny days, the water level of the sluice station rises and the water quality improves. With the increase in rainfall, the water quality deteriorates due to erosion, but the average concentration of rainfall runoff decreases, while the average concentration of rainfall runoff increases during heavy rainfall. In the four major streams, the discharge of runoff and pollutant load from Beihewei Stream is the highest, while Chongyuan Stream is the lowest. The results have some implications for the management and treatment of river swelling water quality in Wufuwei District of Foshan City.

Zooplankton, as an important component of mountain river ecosystems, play a crucial role in the cycling of matter and the flow of energy. However, the depth and systematic research on the formation mechanisms and influencing factors of zooplankton communities in mountain streams are poorly understood. Here, we conducted field sampling and investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of the zooplankton community structure and the major environmental factors in mountain streams to explore the principles underlying their effects on the zooplankton community. The results showed that zooplankton community structure exhibited significant seasonal variations. Rotifera and Cladocera were the dominant groups, with Rotifera dominant in warm weather and Cladocera dominant in February. The analysis revealed that temperature and trace elements are the main factors affecting zooplankton diversity. Our model explained 46.50% of the variation in zooplankton through temperature, water properties, nutrients, and trace elements. The results highlighted that temperature acted directly on the zooplankton community and also exhibited indirect and negative effects on zooplankton diversities through altering trace elements. Trace element variables had a significant impact on zooplankton community distribution. Our study systematically quantified these relationships, providing insights into the ecological processes of mountain streams and offering a scientific basis for the ecological protection of mountain streams.

Minor and trace elements in soil play a crucial role in regulating ecological processes that sustain the functionality of forest ecosystems. In this study, we have selected three conifer forests (Pinus sylvestris, Picea asperata, Larix principis-rupprechtii), one broadleaf forest (Betula Platyfilla) and one mixed forest of Betula Platyfilla and Larix principis-rupprechtii in the Winter Olympic core area and determined the pattern of 12 typical elements (B, Fe, V, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, As, Cu, Zn, Sn and Se) in soils and their main drivers in the three different soil layers (A, B and C horizon) in each soil profile. Our results showed that the concentrations of B, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni and Sn were mainly enriched in the broadleaf forest and mixed broadleaf–conifer forest zones, and the average concentrations of Co, Mn, V, Zn, As and Se were mainly enriched in coniferous forest zones in contrast. We have observed that the mean concentrations of Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn, As, Sn and Co increase with soil depth in the BP forest. The concentrations of Se and Cu were higher in the A layer than the C layer. The piecewise structural equation modeling (piecewiseSEM) results visualized a direct and negative effect on B, Fe, V, Cr and Ni concentrations due to soil temperature, while the concentrations of Se is mainly influenced by soil temperature and soil properties.

Anaerobic fermentation is a potentially cost-effective approach to disposing of metal-contaminated biowaste collected during phytoremediation. However, the compound heavy metals contained in the biowaste may limit the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation. In this study, anaerobic fermentation with alfalfa harvested from an iron tailing as the feedstock was set up and further enhanced by granular activated carbon (AC). The results showed that adding AC improved the cumulative biogas yields of alfalfa contaminated with metals (AM) by 2.26 times. At the biogas peak stage, plenty of microbes were observed on the surface of the AC, and the functional groups of AC contributed to better electron transfer, lower heavy metal toxicity and higher CH4 contents. AC increased the richness and decreased the diversity of bacteria while reducing both the richness and diversity of archaea. The AC addition resulted in higher relative abundance of Prevotella_7, Bacteroides and Ruminiclostridium_1, which enhanced the hydrolysis of substrate and produced more precursors for methanogenesis. Meanwhile, the relative abundances of Methanosarcina and Methanobacterium were remarkably increased together with the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, indicating the enhancement of both the acetoclastic and hydrotrophic methanogenesis. The present study provided new insights into the microbial responses of the anaerobic fermentation in heavy-metal-contaminated plants and proved the possibility of enhancing the biogas production by AC.

Abstract There is a considerable difference in wall thickness between the mouth and the cavity of thin-walled and thick-mouthed seamless gas cylinders, and the existing manufacturing processes are unable to effectively meet product requirements. To overcome such issue, a step-by-step boring-necking-spinning solution for gas cylinders was proposed, in which sufficient wall thickness is reserved for the mouth area of the cylinder blank, followed by necking-spinning to realize the overall forming of thin-walled, thick-mouthed seamless gas cylinders. The stress–strain distribution and geometric dimensional changes of gas cylinders during the spinning process were investigated by means of finite element simulation, and the effects of different process parameters on the stress and wall thickness of the bottle mouth were analyzed. Further, multi-objective optimization of the response surface model was performed using the NSGA-II algorithm to derive a set of optimal process parameters. Finally, the correctness of the simulation and optimization results was verified experimentally, and the expected geometry and optimal strain state of the gas cylinder were obtained. The newly developed processing solution represents a groundbreaking advancement in the manufacturing of thin-walled and thick-mouthed gas cylinders.

High-speed Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UWOC) can achieve Gbit/s signal transmission rate, which is of great significance for modern underwater applications. This paper first describes the development process of UWOC, and then compares different kinds of UWOC. Finally, we summarize the research status of high speed UWOC system, and discuss three parts of high speed UWOC: light source, receiver and signal processing. It is expected that this paper can bring help to the research and development of high-speed UWOC in the future.

Soil nitrogen (N) mineralization typically governs the availability and movement of soil N. Understanding how factors, especially functional genes, affect N transformations is essential for the protection and restoration of forest ecosystems. To uncover the underlying mechanisms driving soil N mineralization, this study investigated the effects of edaphic environments, substrates, and soil microbial assemblages on net soil N mineralization in boreal forests. Field studies were conducted in five representative forests: Larix principis-rupprechtii forest (LF), Betula platyphylla forest (BF), mixed forest of Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla (MF), Picea asperata forest (SF), and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest (MPF). Results showed that soil N mineralization rates (Rmin) differed significantly among forests, with the highest rate in BF (p < 0.05). Soil properties and microbial assemblages accounted for over 50% of the variability in N mineralization. This study indicated that soil environmental factors influenced N mineralization through their regulatory impact on microbial assemblages. Compared with microbial community assemblages (α-diversity, Shannon and Richness), functional genes assemblages were the most important indexes to regulate N mineralization. It was thus determined that microbial functional genes controlled N mineralization in boreal forests. This study clarified the mechanisms of N mineralization and provided a mechanistic understanding to enhance biogeochemical models for forecasting soil N availability, alongside aiding species diversity conservation and fragile ecosystem revitalization in boreal forests.

The effects of environmental factors on phytoplankton are not simply positive or negative but complex and dependent on the combination of their concentrations in a fluctuating environment. Traditional statistical methods may miss some of the complex interactions between the environment and phytoplankton. In this study, the temporal–spatial fluctuations of phytoplankton diversity and abundance were investigated in a shallow temperate mountain river. The machine learning method classification and regression tree (CART) was used to explore the effects of environmental variables on the phytoplankton community. The results showed that both phytoplankton species diversity and abundance varied fiercely due to environmental fluctuation. Microcystis aeruginosa, Amphiprora sp., Anabaena oscillarioides, and Gymnodinium sp. were the dominant species. The CART analysis indicated that dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and water temperature (WT) explained 36.00%, 13.81%, 11.35%, 9.96%, and 8.80%, respectively, of phytoplankton diversity variance. Phytoplankton abundance was mainly affected by TN, WT, and TP, with variance explanations of 39.40%, 15.70%, and 14.09%, respectively. Most environmental factors had a complex influence on phytoplankton diversity and abundance: their effects were positive under some conditions but negative under other combinations. The results and methodology in this study are important in quantitatively understanding and exploring aquatic ecosystems.

The existing boom-type roadheader cutting control adopts a relatively simple control method and the cutting head completes the roadway section cutting at a constant speed. There's no comprehensive consideration of trajectory planning and autonomous speed control. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve high roadway engineering quality under complex geological conditions. In order to solve the above problems, a boom-type roadheader autonomous speed regulation cutting control system is proposed. Firstly, the three-dimensional model of the cutting head and coal seam are established and imported to ABAQUS software for finite element analysis. The relationship between the reaction force on the cutting head and the swing speed of the cutting arm is obtained. Then the relationship between the swing speed of the cutting arm and the acceleration of the cutting head is obtained. The acceleration is stratified by k-means clustering method. Secondly, the collision detection model of the cutting head is established by using the bounding volume hierarchy algorithm. The appropriate cutting trajectory of the rectangular roadway section is planned. The discrete cutting path planning points are generated through multiple discretizations. The inverse kinematics solution of the cutting arm is calculated to obtain the rotation radian, lifting radian and elongation of the cutting arm required for the cutting head to reach the discrete cutting path planning point. The global optimal speed model is used to solve the speed of the cutting head to move to the discrete cutting path planning point. Finally, the acceleration sensor is used to collect the vibration signal of the cutting arm. The target swing speed of the cutting arm is determined according to the acceleration layering result. Through fuzzy PID control, the swing speed of the cutting arm is adjusted to the target swing speed in time and accurately with the change of the cutting head acceleration. The experimental results show that the fuzzy PID control can achieve a relatively fast and non-overshoot swing speed adjustment of the cutting arm. Compared with the constant speed cutting control, the roadway section forming quality using the autonomous speed control cutting control is high. The width specification deviation is reduced by 37%, and the height specification deviation is reduced by 17%. The results meet the requirements of roadway forming quality specified in MT/T 5009-1994 Standard for quality inspection and assessment of coal mine roadway engineering.

Boron (B) is a light and fluid-mobile element. It has two stable isotopes: 10B and 11B. The two isotopes fractionate significantly in nature due their relatively large mass difference. Therefore, B isotopes are one of the non-traditional stable isotope tracers, which have been used in the research areas of chemistry, environmental, bioscience, earth and planetary sciences. In the last twenty years, the analytical methods of B isotopes have been continuously improved and many important advances have been made. However, there are still some challenges to obtaining high-quality B isotope data. The techniques of B isotope analysis are quite different among laboratories, which arise principally from three stages: sample digestion, purification, mass spectrometry.Because B is volatile and isotopic fractionation may be induced by different coordination in different pH environments, sample digestion, and purification have a great impact on the high-precision measurement of B isotopes. Four digestion methods have been applied for extracting B from samples, including pyro-hydrolysis, acid dissolution, alkali fusion, and ashing. Pyro-hydrolysis requiring large volumes of water is time-consuming. Acid dissolution is one of the most popular techniques due to the small volumes of reagents needed and hence lower levels of contamination. Samples are dissolved with different acids such as hydrochloric, nitric, hydrofluoric, and perchloric. Painstaking attention is required with hydrofluoric acid since BF3 is highly volatile and easily lost in nature. Suitable amounts of mannitol are added during acid dissolution to form a stable boron-mannitol complex to prevent the loss of B and avoid B isotope fractionation.Alternatively, alkali fusion is a dissolution method for solid rock samples. High purity fluxing agent is needed, such as K2CO3, Na2CO3, NaOH, NaOH, and Na2O2. As all the B would be present as borate in the resulting alkaline solution, alkali fusion eliminates the risk of B isotope fractionation due to evaporation. The advantage of this method is that it is rapid and relatively large numbers of samples can be processed. The ashing is mainly used to digest plant samples. Ashing was chosen for plant sample decomposition because ashing removes the organics and avoids the use of reagents carrying a B blank or generating isobaric interferences.Once a sample is dissolved, it is necessary to purify B before analysis. There are two principal methods currently in use, which are ion exchange and microsublimation. The ion exchange techniques can be divided into those involved in using B-specific resin Amberlite IRA 743 and those using cation (AG50W-X8/AG50W-X12) or anion (Bio-Rad AG MP-1) cation exchange resins. Microsublimation is an effective and simple method to purify B. It is used to purify B from organic-enriched solutions. Microsublimation appears advantageous in terms of matrix removal efficiency and low procedural blank, however the technical challenges involved are also great.There are two main types of B isotope analytical methods: in-situ and solution methods. Solution methods analyse B ratios using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) method or multiple collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). The in-situ method, uses secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) method or laser ablation multiple collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) to measure samples with high B concentration. The accurate and precise determination of the B isotope composition is still a difficult task. For solution methods, the difficulty arises principally from the near ubiquitous level of B contamination in most standard clean laboratories, the light mass of the element, the occurrence of only two stable isotopes, and the large mass difference between them. For in-situ approaches, the difficulty arises principally from a lack of reference materials, surface contamination, limited precision in low-concentration samples, and limitations in reproducibility in high-concentration samples. On the whole, MC-ICP-MS is the dominant method for B isotopic analysis, which is still has the challenges of matrix effect, memory effect, and mass bias.The relevant techniques inherent to the three stages of B isotope analysis are summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques are discussed. The aim of the work contained in this paper is to further promote the progress and development of domestic and foreign scholars in the research of B isotope geochemistry.

Cancers are of different nature and types, involving different tissues and organs, and are the most common cause of death in humans, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Mobile health is to make full use of mobile Internet communication technology to provide health butler services such as physical examination, health care, disease assessment, medical treatment, and rehabilitation. In foreign countries, the mobile health APP business has developed rapidly. Europe, the United States, Japan, and other countries, as well as my country's Taiwan region, have entered the stage of refined service. Mobile health Apps can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of medical resources and reduce the medical investment of beneficiaries. This article summarizes the relevant overview, application forms, effects, and deficiencies of the Internet at home and abroad in the health management of cancer patients. Therefore, the mobile health APP can play a greater role in the health of cancer populations in my country. (癌症性质类型各异, 累及不同组织和器官, 是人类最常见死因, 严重影响患者生存质量。移动健康是充分利用移动互联网通信技术来提供体检、保健、疾病评估、医疗、康复等健康管家服务。本研究介绍了移动健康APP的相关概念、移动健康APP发展现状, 阐述移动健康APP在癌症患者中的作用, 旨在为移动健康APP在我国癌症患者的应用提供参考依据。)

ObjectiveTo investigate the interference of postmortem hemolysis on the detection of creatinine and whether ultrafiltration can reduce the interference.MethodsA total of 33 non-hemolyzed whole blood samples from the left heart were collected. Hemolyzed samples with 4 hemoglobin mass concentration gradients H1-H4 were artificially prepared. Ultrafiltration was performed on each hemolyzed sample. Creatinine concentrations in non-hemolyzed serum （baseline serum）, hemolyzed samples and ultrafiltrate were detected. Bias （B）, Pearson correlation and receiver operator characteristic （ROC） of baseline creatinine concentration between before and after ultrafiltration were analyzed.ResultsAs the hemoglobin mass concentration increased, B of the hemolyzed samples in the H1-H4 groups gradually increased, the |B| was 2.41（0.82，8.25）-51.31（41.79，188.25）, reaching a maximum of 589.06%, and there was no statistically significant between the creatinine concentration and the baseline creatinine concentration （P=0.472 7, r=0.129 5）. After ultrafiltration of hemolyzed samples, the interference of creatinine concentration in ultrafiltrate was significantly reduced, the |B| was 5.32（2.26，9.22）-21.74（20.06，25.58）, reaching a maximum of 32.14%, and there was a positive correlation with baseline creatinine concentration （P

BackgroundThe decline in adolescent physical fitness is a significant global public health concern, and Pakistan is no exception. The country’s absence of a health-related physical fitness (HRPF) evaluation system has compounded this issue. To bridge this gap, this study aims to develop a scientifically-based HRPF evaluation system for the adolescent population that meets international standards. The evaluation system identifies at-risk children and improves adolescent health outcomes, including obesity, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders, chronic diseases, and psychological illnesses, through crucial physical fitness evaluation. This study specifically aims to establish an HRPF evaluation system for school adolescents aged 12–16 in Pakistan.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,970 school adolescents aged 12–16 years in the South Punjab, Pakistan. The study used a stratified sampling technique to select participants. The HRPF evaluation system included four components: cardiorespiratory endurance, core muscular endurance, muscular strength, and body composition. Data were collected through standardized tests and anthropometric measurements.ResultsThe study’s results indicated that the HRPF evaluation scoring system was feasible and valid for evaluating the HRPF of school adolescents in the South Punjab region of Pakistan. The results of the evaluation system categorized participants into five groups based on their performance: excellent (6.2%), good (24.9%), medium (50.7%), poor (17%), and very poor (1.2%).ConclusionThe study establishes an HRPF evaluation system for Pakistani school adolescents. This system lays the foundation for implementing effective strategies to improve their physical health. The findings offer valuable insights to policymakers, health professionals, and educators, enabling them to promote fitness and devise impactful interventions for enhancing HRPF in this population.

C19H12ClF2N5O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 14.405(9) Å, b = 7.579(5) Å, c = 17.610(9) Å, β = 95.856(13)°, V = 1913(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0464, wRref(F2) = 0.1134, T = 296 K.

Industrial security issues have always been an important and urgent issue globally.Industrial control protocols are widely used in the communication between industrial control system(ICS) components.Their security is related to the safe and stable operation of the entire system,and there is an urgent need to ensure the security of all industrial control protocols.The network protocol fuzzing plays an important role in ensuring the security and reliability of ICS.Traditional fuzzing methods can improve the security testing of industrial control protocols,and many of which have practical applications.However,most traditional fuzzing methods rely heavily on specifications of industrial control protocols,making the test process costly,time-consuming,cumbersome and boring.If the norm does not exist,the task is difficult to carry out.This paper proposes an intelligent and automatic protocol fuzzing method based on pointer-generation networks(PGN),and gives a series of performance indicators.On the basis of this method,an intelligent and automatic fuzzing framework based on PGNFuzz for application is designed,which can be used for various industrial control protocols.Several typical industrial control protocols such as Modbus and EtherCAT are used to test the validity and efficiency of our framework.Experiment results show that our method is superior to other general purpose fuzzers(GPF) and other deep learning based fuzzing methods in terms of convenience,effectiveness and efficiency.

Underwater optical communication is a new and feasible underwater communication technology, which has developed rapidly in recent years. To build a high-performance and practical underwater optical communication system, it is necessary to consider and optimize the design from the device to the system, from the internal modulation to the external environment. This paper summarizes the current problems of underwater optical communication from the aspects of underwater optical communication system transmitter and receiver, modulation format and underwater channel. The paper also classifies and summarizes the three key technologies of improving underwater optical communication distance, communication rate and communication stability, and gives the possible solutions. It provides reference for the follow-up system design and experimental research.

Abstract With the development of optoelectronic devices toward miniaturization, flexibility, and large‐scale integration, conventional submillimeter rigid encapsulation techniques rarely achieve conformational functionality while blocking water and oxygen. At the same time, the sensitivity of electronic devices with organic/metal/semiconductor components to humidity and oxygen severely impairs their operational stability and lifetime. Here, a nanometer to micrometer scale organic/inorganic hybrid thin film encapsulation (TFE) with the self‐cleaning ability for flexible encapsulation is developed. The water vapor transmittance rate of polyethylene terephthalate substrate coated with the TFE is as low as 1.65 × 10−4 g m−2 day−1, and the barrier improvement factor reaches 104 at 38 °C and 90% relative humidity. This value is equivalent to 9.81 × 10−6 g m−2 day−1 at ambient conditions, sufficient to improve the lifetime of water‐sensitive electronic devices. Meanwhile, this TFE shows a super‐hydrophobic performance, with a water contact angle of 168.4°. In addition, the resulting barrier films exhibit outstanding optical properties, with an average optical transmittance of 86.88% in the visible region. This versatile TFE can promote the development of optoelectronic devices toward miniaturization and large‐scale integration in the future.

Objective: This study focuses on improving the comprehensive utilization rate of Polygonatum cyrtonema. Methods: The contents of total flavonoids, total saponins and total phenols from roots, stems, leaves, flowers and buds, of P. cyrtonema were determined. The scavenging rates of DPPH·, ·OH and nitrites in extracts of above tissue were measured and compared as well. Results: The contents of total flavonoids and total phenols five different kinds of non-medicinal tissue were in the same order, in which from highest to lowest was, leaves, buds, flowers, stems and roots, and the content of total saponins in flower was the highest In terms of antioxidant activity, the DPPH ·, ·OH and nitrite scavenging rate of leaf extract were the highest, followed by buds and flowers. Correlation analysis showed that the clearance of DPPH ·, · OH and nitrite by the extract from different tissue showed a certain positive correlation with the contents of total flavonoids, total saponins and total phenols. Conclusion: The extract of non-medicinal parts of P. cyrtonema has good biological activity.

Based on the fault crossing situation of Xianglushan tunnel of water diversion project, we conducted systematic monitoring and analysis of key mechanical characteristics of tunnel such as surrounding rock rupture pattern, lining damage pattern and crack development, strain distribution characteristics during faults dislocation simulation through indoor physical model tests, and thoroughly studied the damage form and failure mechanism of tunnel with flexible joint crossing active faults under strike-slip fault dislocation. In terms of the mechanism of the design parameters of the flexible joint tunnel to resist faulting, the effects of factors such as liner section length, liner thickness, tunnel diameter, angle between tunnel axis and fault zone, tunnel section form, and mechanical properties of liner materials on the fracture resistance of the flexible joint tunnels were studied in detail. The results of the study show: 1) When the tunnel crossing the active fault is not articulated, the damage pattern presents a combination of shear and bending damage under the fault dislocation, and the lining damage is severe with a phenomenon of peeling off. The tunnel section shows elliptical deformation, and the overall collapse trend is obvious. The damage range of non-articulated tunnel reaches 4Wf (Wf is the width of the fault zone) in this scenario. 2) When the articulated design is adopted in the tunnel crossing the active fault, the deformation of the tunnel shows S-shape under the fault misalignment. The damage of the lining structure is in the form of inter-segment rotation and misalignment, while the lining segments are relatively intact and less damaged. The damage range of the flexible joint tunnel in this scenario is 2.14Wf, which is 48% less than that of the non-flexible joint tunnel, indicating that the articulated design can change the deformation and damage of the tunnel under the active fault dislocation and reduce the damage range of the tunnel structure. 3) Under the condition of articulated design, the maximum strain of the tunnel lining structure is mainly distributed in the fault zone, and the tunnel is prone to yield failure. Compared with the non-flexible joint tunnel, the maximum longitudinal tensile strain and compressive strain in the left and right side walls of the flexible joint tunnel are reduced by 56% and 68% respectively, which further indicates that the articulated design can effectively improve the tunnel’s resistance to fault dislocation. 4) In terms of the mechanism of the design parameters of the articulated tunnel, this paper concludes that the resistance performance of tunnel with flexible joint can be enhanced by increasing the tunnel lining thickness, increasing the concrete strength level of the lining, reducing the length of the section and reducing the diameter of the tunnel. The optimal angle of the tunnel through the fault zone is orthogonal, and the circular section can improve the resistance of the flexible joint tunnel compared with the horseshoe-shaped section. In summary, the research results can provide necessary theoretical reference and technical supports for the anti-faulting measures of cross-active fracture tunnel projects.

High-throughput sequencing technology combined with plate colony counting method was used to detect and analyze the microflora of water kefir and its starter water kefir granules. Probiotics were screened from naturally fermented water kefir and water kefir granules, and the selected probiotics were identified by individual and population morphological observation, physiological and biochemical experiments and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The results showed that lactic acid bacteria were the dominant bacteria in the two samples; whether it is water kefir or water kefir grain, Firmicutes and Proteus are the dominant bacteria, Lactobacillus and Acetobacter are the dominant bacteria, The bacterial diversity and richness of water kefir granules were higher than those of water kefir；A total of 7 strains of lactic acid bacteria with potential probiotics of acid and bile resistant salts were screened, and the identification results were four strains of Lactobacillus fermentum, one strain of Lactobacillus paracasei, one strain of Lactobacillus harbinensis and one strain of Lactobacillus rubrum were identified and named Lactobacillus fermentum cc4、Lactobacillus fermentum cc8、Lactobacillus fermentum cc9、Lactobacillus fermentum cc22、Lactobacillus paracasei cc1、Lactobacillus harbinensis cc5、Lactobacillus satsumensis cc12.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between the use of glucocorticoids and the mortality of covid-19 patients. Trials were identified through a comprehensive systematic search of four medical databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase. We also searched for relevant papers using the Google search engine and major Preprint platforms including Medrix, bioRxiv, and SSRN. A meta-analysis was performed on the pooled results of these studies. Fourteen studies were enrolled. Five studies were Chinese, and nine were foreign. In the foreign studies, we found use of steroids was associated with a decrease in mortality (RR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.68–0.97; p = 0.02) whilst in the Chinese studies the use of steroids was associated with an increase in mortality (RR, 1.70; 95% CI 1.10–2.63; p = 0.02). The foreign studies included high-dose and medium-dose groups. The medium-dose glucocorticoid group (0.5 mg/kg/d ≤ Prednisone ≤ 1.0 mg/kg/d) showed an association with decreased mortality of covid-19 patients (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.75–1.00; p = 0.05). We also found an association with decreasing mortality of covid-19 patients (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.43–0.98; heterogeneity p = 0.04) in patients treated for ≤ five days. In summary, this meta-analysis demonstrated that the use of a medium dose of glucocorticoids for a short time is likely to decrease mortality, although this needs clinical confirmation.

To ensure the safe operation of high-voltage transmission line inspection robots during downhill descents without power and extend their range after a single charge, this paper proposes an energy-saving speed control method for the inspection robot’s walking wheel motor on downhill slopes by integrating feedback braking and fuzzy PID control. By combining the parameter equation of the overhead catenary line and the structural characteristics of the overhead transmission line, this paper analyzes the relationship between the driving torque of the inspection robot’s wheels and the horizontal displacement along the transmission ground wire before and after descending. Based on this analysis, a speed control and energy recovery scheme is developed for the inspection robot, which combines front-wheel feedback braking with rear-wheel regenerative braking. The fuzzy PID method is utilized to adjust the PWM duty cycle to achieve energy-efficient speed control of the inspection robot’s rear walking wheels. Additionally, to improve the energy density and specific power of the robot’s energy storage unit, a composite power source consisting of lithium batteries and supercapacitors is employed to recover energy from the front walking wheels through feedback braking. The combined simulation results indicate that, compared to fuzzy control and PID control, fuzzy PID control better regulates the robot’s speed under varying slopes, wind resistance, and cable roughness. A downhill speed control system for the inspection of the robot’s walking wheel motor was designed, and its effectiveness was validated through simulated high-voltage line experiments. The fuzzy PID control was demonstrated to effectively maintain the rear walking wheel speed within the targeted range during downhill descents. When descending along a fixed 30° angle cable, the fuzzy PID control resulted in an increase of 5.28% and 14.26% in the state of charge (SOC) of the supercapacitor compared to PID control and fuzzy control, respectively. Moreover, when descending along fixed angle cables of 10°, 20°, and 30°, as well as a variable angle cable ranging from 30° to 0°, the SOC of the supercapacitor increased by 17.55%, 26.25%, 38.45%, and 31.29%, respectively. This demonstrates the effective absorption of regenerative braking energy during the robot’s downhill movement.

A method for glycosides detection in tobacco leaves by heart cutting Rp/Rp two dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was established. Three glycosides were determined, including 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-α-ionol-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3-oxo-α-ionol-β-D-glucopyranoside and 3-hydroxy-β-dihydro-damascone-β-D-glucopyranoside. Only extraction and filtration were required in sample pretreatment. The RSDs of intra day and inter day were in the range of 1.0%~3.2% and 2.8%~8.4%, respectively, which showed good reproducibility. Since sample pretreatment was very simple, the method was quite suitable for daily detection. Different types of tobacco were determined, including Virginian type tobacco, Burley tobacco, oriental tobacco and sun cured tobacco. The results revealed that glycosides in flue cured and fresh Virginian type tobacco were significantly higher than other types, which agreed well with previous reported articles. 157 kinds of Virginian type tobacco samples from different regions were monitored and investigated. Among the factors, which influenced contents of glucosides in Virginian type tobacco, sugar was no longer the major one, catabolite of carotenoids (C13 isoprenol glucosides) and temperature were also considered an important factor in our study.

The influence of anti-coccidial naturally occurring plant origin carotenoids (curcumin and lutein) in Eimeria-challenged broiler chicks were tested. A total of 200, day-old commercial Arbor Acres chicks were reared for 42 days. The chicks were weighed individually and randomly assigned into equally 4 treatment groups having 5 replicates. Chicks of control group T0 were raised on a basal diet with no supplement. The chicks of group T1, T2 and T3 were supplemented with curcumin 300 mg/kg, lutein 300 mg/kg, and curcumin plus lutein 150 mg each with per kg of feed, respectively. On day 21 all the chicks were challenged with Eimeria maxima. The findings of this study revealed that among all the groups feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency remained statistically unchanged (P>0.05). A significantly higher (P0.05) shank color and skin b* value (yellowness). Our conclusion showed that application of curcumin single or in combination with lutein may promote skin pigmentation, lowered liver injury, and exhibit a better anti-coccidial impact.

A roof?rib pillar support system is often formed in the metal mines that applied to the backfill mining method. In order to ensure the safe mining, it is of great significance to explore the failure mechanism of the roof?rib pillar support system under backfill mining. On the basis of considering the side pressure effect of the backfill on the rib pillar, a mechanical model of the roof?rib pillar support system under backfill mining was established. Furthermore, the catastrophe theory was used to explore the failure mechanism of the supporting system under the action of the filling body, and the influence of the structural parameters of the support system before and after filling on the stability of the stope was analyzed. The research results show that under the condition of certain mechanical properties of the rock mass, the stability of the roof?rib pillar support system under backfill mining is controlled by the stope structure parameters (roof thickness, stope span, rib pillar width, rib pillar height), the overburden load and the side pressure of the backfill. The addition of the filling body will reduce the stiffness ratio of the support system, thereby improving the stability of the stope. When the stope is at an unfilled state, the optimization sequence of the structural parameters of the support system should be roof thickness, stope span, rib pillar width and rib pillar height. When the stope is at the state of filling, the optimization sequence should be roof thickness, rib pillar width, stope span, and rib pillar height. The combination of theoretical derivation and numerical simulation is applied in the supporting project to verify the correctness of theoretical derivation.

High material quality is the foundation for the excellent performance of quantum cascade lasers. This paper investigates the growth conditions for InGaAs/InAlAs/InP superlattices combined solid-source molecular beam epitaxy with metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Based on the optimization of growth conditions of InGaAs buffer epilayers, the effects of the growth temperature, interruption time, and V/III flux ratio on the quality of InGaAs/InAlAs/InP superlattices were systematically investigated. High-resolution x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy prove that this optimized InP-based superlattice has excellent periodicity and sharp interfaces.

Objective Using pullulan-spermine (Ps) as a carrier of NOTCH1 siRNA to find the effect of NOTCH1 silencing mediated by Ps combined with lysosomal penetration enhancer desloratadine (DL) on acute T lymphocytic leukemia cell line Jurkat. Methods A dynamic light scattering instrument was used to analyze the particle size and Zeta potential of siRNA/Ps complexes with different N/P ratios. Jurkat cells were incubated with siNOTCH1/Ps for 6 hours, then the medium was refreshed with RPMI 1640 complete medium containing 10 μmol/L DL and incubated for another 18 hours, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the silencing efficiency of NOTCH1; flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis; Western blot was used to detect the expres- sion of C-MYC protein, which was the downstream of NOTCH1, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 3. Results The particle size of siRNA/Ps with N/P ratio of 5 was (203.97±1.07)nm, the zeta potential was (46.13±0.07)mV, and the particles were stable in 10% FBS medium. In Jurkat cells, compared with the no DL group, the siNOTCH1/Ps combined with 10 μmol/L DL induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and promoted cell apoptosis (P＜0.05). At the same time, the expression level of cleaved caspase 3 protein in Jurkat cells increased, the expression level of C-MYC and caspase 3 protein decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusions Ps combined with lysosomal penetration enhancer DL effectively mediates the silencing of NOTCH1 in Jurkat cell, thereby inducing the G1 phase arrest of acute T lymphocyte leukemia cells and promoting cell apoptosis.

As the primary consumers in aquatic organisms, zooplankton play an important role in aquatic ecosystems. It is valuable for management and researchers to have an insight into the responses of zooplankton community patterns to environmental factors. In this study, RDA and variation partitioning analysis were adopted to determine the important environmental factors affecting zooplankton abundance and biomass, as well as the relative importance of different environmental factors. The findings reveal that TN (total nitrogen), WD (water depth), pH, and SAL (salinity) were all important abiotic factors shaping the zooplankton community pattern in the study area. TN affected protozoa by influencing Stentor amethystinus, while the effects of WD on copepods may have been mainly induced by the responses of Calanus sinicus and Paracyclopina nana. By inhibiting Stentor amethystinus and Vorticella lutea, pH significantly affected protozoa. In addition, Rotifera and copepods were affected by SAL mainly through the responses of Brachionus calyciflorus, Calanus sinicus, and Ectocyclops phaleratus. Importantly, fundamental alternations in the variation trends of zooplankton abundance and biomass along the salinity gradient were found when the salinity was approximately 4–5. By combining these results with the findings on phytoplankton responses to salinity in previous studies, it can be concluded that salinity may influence the river ecosystem by influencing zooplankton abundance and biomass rather than phytoplankton.

In this study, grain quality of thirty-six red-grained rice landraces from Hani’s terraced fields in Yunnan province were studied.The results showed that the quality traits were significantly different among different red-grained rice landraces, the coefficient of variation of 9 quality traits was above 10%.The largest coefficient of variation was chalkiness degree (90.47%), while grain length was smallest (5.08%).The most landraces in Hani terrace had better milling quality, while the number of Indica Rice Varieties with high chalkiness and amylose content was less when compared with the Agricultural industry standard - Cooking rice variety quality (NY/T593—2013).Four principal components were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA), the accumulative contribution ration amounted to 77.004%.The first principal component(PC1) explained 24.384% of the total variance, which was contributed by chalkiness degree, chalky area and amylose content.Cluster analysis showed 36 red-grain rice landraces grouped into three clusters, the first cluster included 3 landraces with poor milling quality, the main cluster II involved 31 landraces, and the cluster Ⅲ included 2 waxy rice landraces.The results could provide scientific reference for protection and application of red-grained rice resources from Hani’s terraced fields.

Oil pipelines are characterized with long mileage, high risk of transportation medium and complex hydrogeological conditions. Once oil leaking occurs in environmentally sensitive areas, serious environmental pollution may be caused. Taking a high consequence area of an environment as example, a conceptual model, a water flow model and a solute transport model were established on the base of Visual-Modflow software to simulate the migration and diffusion law of petroleum hydrocarbon in groundwater under the situation of oil pipeline leakage. The state of groundwater was early warned with the improved Nemero comprehensive pollution index method, and the early-warning level of different wells was determined according to the relationship between the change rate of water quality and the early-warning level. As indicated in the results, evaluation on early warning of the pollution risk of groundwater in case that leakage occurs to an oil pipeline, could effectively pre-warn the leakage of oil and predict the diffusion trend of the leaked oil of the pipeline.

The hot deformation behavior of as-cast 9Cr3W3Co oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel was investigated by Gleeble 3500 facility in the temperature range of 900–1,150℃ and at strain rates range of 0.01–10 s−1. The constitutive equation and processing maps were established to describe this complex hot deformation process. The true stress–strain curves showed that the softening effects of dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization are stronger than the effect of work hardening with further increasing the temperature and strain. The optimal hot working parameters of 9Cr3W3Co-ODS steel are suggested to be T = 1,050–1,100°C and ε̇\dot{\varepsilon } = 0.03–0.3 s−1.

Abstract Background HIIT has recently been widely used for health promotion in healthy people and patients with chronic diseases. Exercise can help SUD reduce drug cravings, enhance mental health and return to normal life. However, whether HIIT can bring better physical rehabilitation benefits to individuals with SUD than MICT is unclear. The study aimed to compare the effects of HIIT versus MICT on the physical fitness of individuals with SUD. Methods One hundred twenty individuals with amphetamine-type stimulant dependence voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to the HIIT group and MICT group. Both groups received training three times a week. The intervention lasted from January 2019 to December 2019. Physical fitness was assessed at the baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months, including blood pressure (BP), vital capacity(VC), hand grip, push-up, sit-and-reach, one-leg standing with eyes closed and choice reaction time. The craving level was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale at baseline, 6 months and 12 months to see any change along with the improvement in physical fitness. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to analyse the differences in change by group (HIIT and MICT) and time (baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months). Results The within-group factor displayed significant changes in the HIIT and MICT groups in terms of systolic BP (F (4,336) = 12.799, P

In order to better understand the biochemical interactions governing their activities in lowering blood pressure, multiple quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed from a data set of 58 angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The models were built by using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) techniques. The best CoMFA model had a cross-validation q2 value of 0.940, a non cross-validation r2 value of 0.952 and an external validation statistic Qext 2 value of 0.920. For the best CoMSIA model the values were with q2 = 0.872, r2 = 0.926 and Qext 2 = 0.868. Based on the contour maps, eight new ACE inhibitors were designed. Molecular docking was employed to further explore the binding requirements between the ligands and the receptor protein which included several hydrogen bonds between the ACE inhibitors and active site residues. This study showed extensive interactions between ACE inhibitors and residues of HIS383, GLU384, HIS513, TYR520 and LYS511 in the active site of ACE. The design of potent new inhibitors of ACE can get useful insights from these results.

Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) and automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) are the two main surveillance methods coexisting in the airspace surveillance system.In order to improve the accuracy and stability of surveillance,real-time fusion of SSR and ADS-B trajectory is crucial.In view of the fact that the existing methods are difficult to meet the real-time fusion requirements of large-scale trajectories,a real-time fusion method of SSR and ADS-B data streams was designed with big data technology.This method was based on the big data processing framework of micro-batch processing and followed the MapReduce programming model.While obtaining a fusion trajectory of high quality,it ensured high concurrency and real-time data processing capability of the system.Finally,a real-time flight simulation experiment based on real flight data was carried out to verify the feasibility of the method.

Objective To investigate the treatment effect of hollow fiber ultrafiltration technology on hemolytic samples and the differences between IgE concentration and serum concentration before hemolysis in ultrafiltrate. Methods The 33 postmortem blood samples of non-frozen corpses within 72 hours after death were collected, 4 mL blood was taken from each case, among which 1 mL was centrifuged to get serum, and the remaining 3 mL blood was frozen-thawed 3-5 times to cause complete hemolysis. The 2 mL hemolytic samples were processed by hollow fiber ultrafiltration to obtain ultrafiltrate. The hemoglobin concentration in serum, complete hemolytic sample and ultrafiltrate was determined by Van-Zij solution-cyanated methemoglobin assay method, and the total IgE in serum and ultrafiltrate was determined by electrochemical luminescence method. Results The hemoglobin concentration in ultrafiltrate was significantly lower than that in complete hemolytic samples （P0.05）. Conclusion Ultrafiltration technology has a good treatment effect on complete hemolytic samples, and the correction value of ultrafiltrate detection is close to the serum level before hemolysis, and therefore, it can be applied to the detection of total IgE of frozen corpse hemolytic samples.

Background. The current study is the foremost study exploring the relationships between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and health-related physical fitness indicators among 12–16-year-old adolescents of the South Punjab region of Pakistan. Methods. The researcher adopted the cross-sectional research design for the study. A total of 2970 participants (1477 boys and 1493 girls) aged adolescents from South Punjab, Pakistan, completed health-related physical fitness indicators measuring strength, endurance, and aerobic capacity through a hand-grip strength test, modified pull-up test, plank test, and 20-m shuttle run test, and physical activity were subjectively assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Linear regression models were used to explore the between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with health-related physical fitness indicators. Results. Positive associations were observed between hand-grip strength (p

Purpose: The study provided the age and gender-specific normative standard by using LMS technique and comparison with international reference values for the muscular strength by hand grip among adolescents of South Punjab, Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: A cross sectional descriptive research design was adopted, 60 public high school with 2970 students aged 12-16 contributed. Hand grip strength was measured using (GRIPX Digital Hand Dynamometer). LMS method was used for calculating reference norms. Age and gender-specific smoothed percentile curves P5th to P95th were acquired for hand grip strength. Findings: The results revealed that the boys were higher in muscular strength than their counterparts, South Punjab’s adolescents were found lower in strength than the compared adolescents. Around 40% of the population is falling in the poor and very poor zone. Implications/Originality/Value: The current study presented the foremost age and gender specific hand grip strength percentile curves and provided the health benefit zones for the adolescent of South Punjab.