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The quality and safety of children’s textiles, especially chemical safety, is very important. The harm to children caused by using unsafe products is immeasurable. At present, the chemical safety research of textiles usually focuses on the specific target substances specified in the regulations. The detection methods are mainly to detect the content of target substances in the sample to determine whether it meets the regulatory requirements. In fact, although the known chemicals in the product meet the regulatory requirements, other unknown chemicals may exist potential hazards to children’s health. Therefore, it is necessary to screen potential chemicals in children’s textiles by non-targeted method in order to more comprehensively screen the chemical risks in product. Non-targeted analysis of potential chemical substances in imported children’s textiles using gas chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap MS) was established. Unknown substances were qualitatively assessed by using the comprehensive score and retention index, identifying the molecular formula by chemical ionization, comparing fragment ion data to distinguish isomers, and verifying according to chemical standards. A total of 48 substances were identified in 40 children’s textiles, including 21 esters, 8 ketones, 6 amines, 4 ethers, 3 alcohols, 3 phenols and 3 other substances. The identified substances were statistically and semi-quantitatively analyzed. Dibutyl phthalate, tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate, isopropyl palmitate and 1,2,4-butanetriol were identified in the imported children’s textiles, and their detection rates were greater than or equal to 10%. The identified substances were further filtered and screened according to detection rates, toxicities and response intensities. Then the high-risk chemicals in the children’s textiles were found. This method can provide a new way for screening potential chemicals in textiles and other products, and play a positive role in carrying out product chemical risk monitoring and promoting product quality and safety.

Tibetan named entity recognition (NER), which is a fundamental part in Tibetan natural language processing, is the important subtask of Information extraction. In this paper, we surveyed the methods, effect and problems of Tibetan NER. And we discussed which kind of tokens that should be taken as the graininess for Tibetan NER task. The paper used two kinds of different graininess in a comparative experiment for Tibetan person names, location names and organization names, based on syllables, or based on words. From the result, we know that the person names based on syllable have better result than that based on words. Location names have small difference while species differ. But the organization names are more suitable based on words.

Background Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is one of the most prevalent non-communicable health concerns in children and adolescents worldwide; however, data on its incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and trends in the population are limited. We aimed to assess the global, regional and national trends in CKD burden in children and adolescents. Methods In this trend analysis based on the 2019 Global Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, CKD incidence, prevalence and DALYs rates per 100 000 population for children and adolescents were reported at the global, regional and national levels, as well as the average annual percentage change (AAPC). These global trends were analyzed by age, sex, region and socio-demographic index (SDI). Results Globally, the overall incidence of CKD (all stages including kidney replacement therapy) in children and adolescents showed an increasing trend [AAPC 0.44 (95% confidence interval 0.36–0.52)] between 1990 and 2019. Similarly, the overall prevalence of CKD also showed an upward trend [AAPC 0.46 (0.42–0.51)]. However, the DALYs of CKD showed a continuous decreasing trend [AAPC –1.18 (–1.37 to –0.99)]. The population aged 15–19 years had the largest CKD incidence increase during this period. The largest increase in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was in middle SDI countries [AAPC 0.56 (0.45–0.67)]. The relationship between the ASIR and SDI showed an inverse U-shaped correlation while the relationship between the age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) and SDI showed an inverse trend with SDI. Among adolescents (15–19 years), the ASIR continued to increase for five causes of CKD, owing to type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Most of the disease burden was concentrated in countries with a lower SDI. Andean Latin America and Central Latin America showed the largest increases in CKD ASIR between 1990 and 2019. Conclusion The burden of CKD in children and adolescents has increased worldwide, especially in regions and countries with a lower SDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the characteristics of different subtypes of schizophrenics on prefrontal lobe and thalamus by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and its relationship., Methods: From August 2007 to April 2010 at our center, a total of 159 schizophrenics fulfilling the third edition criteria of Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD-III) were recruited. And prefrontal lobe and thalamus were evaluated by multi-voxel (1)H-MRS. There were 88 males and 71 females. There were first-episode (n = 54) and not-first-episode (n = 105), negative subtype (n = 125) and positive subtype (n = 34), medicated (n = 96) and non-medicated (n = 63) by different criteria. The levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr determined. Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) were also assessed. Only 45 normal controls received (1)H-MRS., Results: On left prefrontal lobe and left thalamus, the NAA/Cr ratios in different subtypes of patients were lower than those in normal controls (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The NAA/Cr ratios in patients of non-first-episode (1.48 ± 0.34), negative subtype (1.40 ± 0.35) and medicated (1.47 ± 0.36) on right thalamus were also lower than those in normal controls (1.62 ± 0.37, t = 2.25, 3.56, 2.28, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with positive subtype schizophrenics, the NAA/Cr ratios in those of negative subtype on right thalamus were lower (1.40 ± 0.35 vs 1.60 ± 0.37, t = 2.92, P < 0.01). On right thalamus of non-medicated schizophrenics, there was a negative correlation between the duration of illness and the ratio of NAA/Cr (r = -0.38, P < 0.05) and a positive correlation between the duration of illness and the ratio of Cho/Cr (r = 0.43, P < 0.01). On right thalamus of negative subtype schizophrenics, the ratios of NAA/Cr were negatively correlated with the total score of PANSS and the score of negative factor respectively (r = -0.36, -0.40, P < 0.05). On left prefrontal lobe of different subtypes, the ratios of NAA/Cr were negatively correlated with the total score of PANSS, the score of negative factor, responses errors and persistent errors (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with completed categories and conceptual level responses (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Abnormalities in neuronal function and/or integrity are present on left prefrontal lobe and left thalamus in schizophrenics. And right thalamus is probably involved in non-first-episode subtype, negative subtype and non-medicated subtype. Different subtypes of schizophrenics may have different characteristics of (1)H-MRS due to the duration of illness and their clinical symptoms.