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Abstract Background Despite established excellent treatment strategies for Wilms tumor (WT), effective prognostic evaluation methods were lacking. This study aims to examine prognostic factors for WT through real-world peripheral blood cell profiling. Methods Basic data and pre-treatment laboratory indices from WT and non-WT children underwent Wilcoxon test analysis. Chi-square tests assessed the correlation between blood cells and the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of WT. Further the Log-rank test and multivariate Cox were used to identify independent prognostic factors for OS. Traditional accepted factors were included in multi-Cox and the nomogram was constructed to further validate the outcome. Results Blood cells significantly differed between WT and non-WT groups (P

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the combined effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels (5, 25, and 45 kg of pure nitrogen per 667 m²) and biochar concentrations (0, 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1%) on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of pepper. The findings indicated that a combination of 25 kg/667 m2 of nitrogen and either 0.7% or 1.4% biochar significantly enhanced plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. Specifically, the N2 treatment (25 kg of pure nitrogen per 667 m²) increased substrate porosity, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content, and available phosphorus content. It also boosted root activity and superoxide dismutase activity in pepper leaves, resulting in increased yield and better fruit quality. Furthermore, the proper addition of biochar (0.7–1.4% by weight) enhanced the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, including increased chlorophyll content and enzyme activity in plants, thereby leading to improved overall plant growth, yield, and fruit quality.

With the development of the combination of medicine and engineering and the improvement of clinical rehabilitation demand, intelligent upper limb rehabilitation robots can provide stroke patients with high intensity and repetition of active rehabilitation training to restore the upper limb motor function and achieve the remodeling of damaged brain nerves. However, many upper limb rehabilitation robot systems are still in the stage of laboratory development or clinical verification. This paper summarizes the latest research results of upper limb rehabilitation robots at home and abroad, compares the advantages and disadvantages of different types of robots, looks forward to the development trend of upper limb rehabilitation robots, and provides ideas for further promoting clinical transformation.

In order to enhance the effect of homemade catalyst WXP-100 on the low-temperature bleaching of cotton fabrics, the effect of air low-temperature plasma pretreatment on the whiteness, capillary effect, breaking strength, and breaking elongation of the low-temperature bleaching of cotton fabrics with catalyst WXP-100 was investigated and compared with the corresponding performance without plasma pretreated, unincorporated catalyst WXP-100 bleaching fabrics. The surface morphological structure of the air low-temperature plasma treated cotton fabric was also characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that under the conditions of air inlet volume of 75 mL/min, discharge power of 100 W, and discharge time of 3 min, the air low-temperature plasma pretreatment would etch the surface of the cotton fabric, and increase its roughness, which is beneficial to enhance the low-temperature bleaching effect of catalyst WXP-100, and the whiteness and capillary effect of the combined air low-temperature plasma pretreatment catalyst WXP-100/H2O2 low-temperature bleaching fabric is higher than those of the catalyst WXP-100/hydrogen peroxide low-temperature bleaching fabric only. The pretreatment can improve the low-temperature bleaching rate, reduce the amount of catalyst WXP-100, shorten the bleaching time, overcome the problem of fabric damage caused by the addition of catalyst WXP-100, and obtain the tensile properties and breaking strength similar to the traditional high-temperature bleaching fabric. The pretreatment timeliness is good, the whiteness and capillary effect of the treated fabric basically has change after placed 24 h.

Using glucose as the reducing agent, the nano-silver-graphene composite material (Ag/GR) was synthesized in situ by electroless plating, the structural morphology of the material was characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The results show that the loading morphology of silver on the graphene surface is the single state that meets the expectation. The average particle size of AgNPs is about 21 nm. At the same time, the electrochemical response of ascorbic acid (AA) on Ag/GR/GCE electrochemical sensors was studied using the electrochemical test methods of cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical test results show that the Ag/GR composite has the highest response electrochemical signal of 212.9 μA and the lowest resistance of charge transfer of 90.5 Ω. The peak current is about twice that of the graphene electrode (110 μA) and about five times that of the glassy carbon electrode (42.5 μA). Due to the good synergistic effect of AgNPs and graphene, it has obvious electrocatalytic activity for AA. And the anode peak current and concentration show positive correlation linear change trend in the range of 5-120 μmol/L. However, the anode peak current of AA is highly correlated with the natural logarithm of the concentration range from 50 μmol/L to 120 μmol/L. The low limits of detection is 0.06 μmol/L.

The communication system between the islands has the problems of high cost and the transmitted signal may require relay amplification. In order to solve this issue, a novel Free Space Optical (FSO) communication system using Manchester encoded and decoded signals is designed. It can support 10 Gbit/s optical signal transmission over 100 km submarine cable (using G. 654 standard single-mode fiber) cascaded with 1 km FSO wireless link. We evaluate the performance by measuring the time-domain waveform, optical spectrum, eye diagrams and Bit Error Rate (BER) in simulation with Manchester coded signals, under sunny, rainy and foggy day. The measured results show that the receiver sensitivity can reach -18.92 dBm at the back-to-back system. Under the 100 km submarine cable and 1 km FSO wireless link, the receiver sensitivity can reach -17.72, -16.66 and -11.16 dBm in the sunny, rainy and foggy day, respectively. The simulation results prove that the FSO communication system using Manchester code may have potential application in the field of islands information transmission in the future.

We show that the combination of doubling and (1, p)-Poincaré inequality is equivalent to a version of the Ap-condition on rooted K-ary trees.

We consider different notions of boundary traces for functions in Sobolev spaces defined on regular trees and show that the almost everywhere existence of these traces is independent of the chosen definition of a trace.

In Interferometric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (InISAR) three-Dimensional (3D) imaging, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) image registration is a key process. It arranges similar scatterers in different ISAR images on the same pixel cell, which completes the interferometric processing for similar scatterers to obtain their 3D coordinates. This paper analyses the ISAR image mismatch caused by the difference of the wave path between the scatterer and different radars and then proposes a new ISAR image registration method that consists of three steps, based on wave path difference compensation. First, chirp Fourier transform is used to estimate the rotational angular velocity of the target. Second, the compensation phase is constructed according to the rotational angular velocity to eliminate the wave path difference between scatterer and different radars. Finally, two-Dimensional (2D) Fourier transform can yield ISAR images without mismatch. The proposed method can directly achieve ISAR image registration in an echo field. After image registration based on this method, the scatterers match-up well. But after image registration based on the correlation method, the scatterers have a mismatch of about one pixel cell. Compared to the correlation method, this method can achieve image registration more efficiently. Finally, the 3D imaging error (0.3034) based on this method is smaller than that (45.8529) of the correlation method.

In this paper, the performance of a 60 GHz radio over fiber free space optics (RoF-FSO) communication system with 10Gbit/s 4-ary pulse amplitude modulation (4-PAM) polarization shift-keying (Polsk) downlink signal is proposed and designed. In the receiver, the 60GHz millimeter-wave with 4-PAM downstream signals is generated by the beating of two continuous light waves, and the high frequency signal is demodulated by self-mixing zero difference detection method. Meanwhile, the optical spectra, radio frequency (RF) spectrum, eye-diagram are measured, and the transmission performance of the used RoF-FSO system are analyzed.

The commonly used submarine optical fiber communication system is expected to provide long-distance reliable signals transmission. We present a novel optical fiber submarine system using minimum shift keying (MSK) encoded downstream signals. 10Gb/s MSK coded signals are successfully transmitted over the 100km submarine single-mode fiber (SMF).The optical spectrums, eye-diagrams and bit error rate (BER) before and after transmission of MSK signals in the system were measured and analyzed. The results show that, compared with conventional access methods, this scheme can provide high-speed, stable and secure data communication.

To improve the transceiver quality of Free Space Optical (FSO) system and ensure that user access is feasible the network, a high-speed full-duplex 100 meters FSO transmission scheme using 67% duty cycle RZ-4PAM downlink and alternative mark inversion (AMI) uplink signals is designed system. In the downlink, one PAM sequence generator and one Mary pulse generator (MPG) module are used to generate 67% RZ-4PAM optical signals at 10Gbit/s through a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator (MZM). The upstream AMI signals generator by the pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) generator and the precoding process. We have measured optical spectrums, time-domain waveforms and eye diagrams before and after signals transmission by system simulation. The transceiver performance of the downstream RZ-4PAM with 67% duty cycle and upstream AMI optical signals the in the 100m FSO transmission system is analyzed.

In order to solve the problem of network frequency resource congestion from the central office (CS) to the base station (BS) in sixth generation (6G) mobile communication systems, we design a passive optical network (PON) access scheme. 1.25Gbit/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) downstream signals over 6GHz subcarrier are successfully transmitted in the 20km single-mode fiber (SMF) and allocated to 4 optical network units (ONUs). The radio frequency (RF) spectrums, optical spectrums, eye-diagrams and bit error rate (BER) before and after transmission of NRZ signals in the system were measured and analysed. The results show that, this scheme can provide high-speed, stable and secure data communication.

In order to improve the transmission performance of visible light communication (VLC) system and user’s demand for large-capacity and high-speed, one multi-color VLC scheme is proposed. This scheme uses red-green-blue light-emitting diode (RGB-LED) as the sender to transmit 4-ary pulse amplitude modulation (4PAM) signals with 67% return-to-zero (RZ). At the receiver, one optical bandpass filter is used for channel separation. By system simulation, we have measured the time-domain waveforms before and after transmission, eye diagrams of the three colors signals, and the bit error rate (BER) performance has been analyzed. The results show that at receiver power of -11dBm, the BER at back-to-back case is slightly lower than that of the signals transmitted in the 8m channel. Since 4PAM signals have higher spectral efficiency compared with the traditional binary signals, this scheme has potential application value in indoor broadband access system.

The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method was performed to investigate the excited-state intramolecular double proton transfer (ESIDPT) reaction of calix[4]arene (C4A) and the role of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the ESIDPT process. The geometries of C4A in the ground state and excited states (S1, S2 and T1) were optimized. Four intramolecular hydrogen bonds formed in the C4A are strengthened or weakened in the S2 and T1 states compared to those in the ground state. Interestingly, upon excitation to the S1 state of C4A, two protons H1 and H2 transfer along the two intramolecular hydrogen bonds O1-H1···O2 and O2-H2···O3, while the other two protons do not transfer. The ESIDPT reaction breaks the primary symmetry of C4A in the ground state. The potential energy curves of proton transfer demonstrate that the ESIDPT process follows the stepwise mechanism but not the concerted mechanism. Findings indicate that intramolecular hydrogen bonding is critical to the ESIDPT reactions in intramolecular hydrogen-bonded systems.

Aiming at the requirement of real-time signal detection in the passive surveillance system, a wideband array signal detection algorithm is proposed based on the concept of power focusing. By making use of the phase difference of the signal received by a uniform linear array, the algorithm makes the power of the received signal focused in the Direction Of Arrival (DOA) with improved cascade FFT. Subsequently, the probability density function of the output noise at each angle is derived. Furthermore, a Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) test statistic and the corresponding detection threshold are constructed. The theoretical probability of detection is also derived for different false alarm rate and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient, and the detection process is independent of the prior information. Meanwhile, the results can act as the initial value for other algorithms with higher precision. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves good performance for weak signal detection.

Image registration is a key intermediate step for Interferometric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (InISAR) three-dimensional (3D) imaging. It arranges the same scatterers of the target on the same pixel cell in different ISAR images, which makes the interferometric processing carried on between the same scatterers to obtain its 3D coordinates. This paper proposes a novel ISAR image registration method of three steps. Firstly, chirp Fourier transform is used to estimate the rotational angular velocity of the target. Secondly, the compensation phase is constructed, according to the rotational angular velocity, to eliminate the wave path difference between different radars echoes. Finally, two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform is used to yield registered ISAR images. The proposed method achieves the ISAR image registration through phase compensation in echo field, therefore, no extra computation is needed in image field. The experiment results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in precision, computation efficiency and practicability.