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1. Race-specific FRAX models are evidence-based and support equitable care: a response to the ASBMR Task Force report on Clinical Algorithms for Fracture Risk

Author

Kanis, John A., Harvey, Nicholas C., Lorentzon, Mattias, Liu, Enwu, Schini, Marian, Abrahamsen, Bo, Adachi, Jonathan D., Alokail, Majed, Borgstrom, Fredrik, Bruyère, Olivier, Carey, John J., Clark, Patricia, Cooper, Cyrus, Curtis, Elizabeth M., Dennison, Elaine M., Díaz-Curiel, Manuel, Dimai, Hans P., Grigorie, Daniel, Hiligsmann, Mickael, Khashayar, Patricia, Lems, Willem, Lewiecki, E. Michael, Lorenc, Roman S., Papaioannou, Alexandra, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Rizzoli, René, Shiroma, Eric, Silverman, Stuart L., Simonsick, Eleanor, Sosa-Henríquez, Manuel, Szulc, Pawel, Ward, Kate A., Yoshimura, Noriko, Johansson, Helena, Vandenput, Liesbeth, and McCloskey, Eugene V.

Published
2024
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10. DNA methylation at the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene influences height in childhood

Author

Issarapu, Prachand, Arumalla, Manisha, Elliott, Hannah R., Nongmaithem, Suraj S., Sankareswaran, Alagu, Betts, Modupeh, Sajjadi, Sara, Kessler, Noah J., Bayyana, Swati, Mansuri, Sohail R., Derakhshan, Maria, Krishnaveni, G. V., Shrestha, Smeeta, Kumaran, Kalyanaraman, Di Gravio, Chiara, Sahariah, Sirazul A., Sanderson, Eleanor, Relton, Caroline L., Ward, Kate A., Moore, Sophie E., Prentice, Andrew M., Lillycrop, Karen A., Fall, Caroline H. D., Silver, Matt J., and Chandak, Giriraj R.

Published
2023
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23. Corrigendum to “Machine learning applied to HR-pQCT images improves fracture discrimination provided by DXA and clinical risk factors” [Bone. 2023 Mar:168:116653]

Author

Lu, Shengyu, primary, Fuggle, Nicholas R., additional, Westbury, Leo D., additional, Breasail, Mícheál Ó., additional, Bevilacqua, Gregorio, additional, Ward, Kate A., additional, Dennison, Elaine M., additional, Mahmoodi, Sasan, additional, Niranjan, Mahesan, additional, and Cooper, Cyrus, additional

Published
2024
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26. Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Bone Metabolism and Susceptibility to Osteoporosis

Author

Cronin, Owen, Lanham-New, Susan A., Corfe, Bernard M., Gregson, Celia L., Darling, Andrea L., Ahmadi, Kourosh R., Gibson, Philippa S., Tobias, Jon H., Ward, Kate A., Traka, Maria H., Rossi, Megan, Williams, Claire, Harvey, Nicholas C., Cooper, Cyrus, Whelan, Kevin, Uitterlinden, André G., O’Toole, Paul W., Ohlsson, Claes, Compston, Juliet E., and Ralston, Stuart H.

Published
2022
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32. Engineering exploration of the water supply system of Constantinople

Author

Ward, Kate Alice, Smith, Simon, and Crow, Jim

Subjects
628.1, Constantinople, water engineers, cisterns, aqueducts, Byzantine Constantinople, water supply
Abstract

Before this research study began, relatively little was understood of the water supply in Constantinople, particularly within the walls of the city. Archaeological work had focused on collecting details of 160 cisterns and a small number of channels and pipes were incidental finds in other excavations. Although no-one had considered the water supply in Constantinople as a whole, the evidence seemed to indicate a sophisticated water management system. With the available data fragmented, and the potential for more evidence limited to serendipitous finds associated with construction work, the only way to move the understanding of the water supply forward is to take a radically different perspective: civil engineers are well placed to envisage the water supply as a working system and make use of their modern design skills and tools to fill in the gaps between the fragmented data. This reimagining of the water supply system was driven by a key piece of knowledge: the water supply worked, and worked for many centuries. That fact, combined with the fragments of physical and literary evidence, the largely unchanged landscape and the fundamental physical laws governing gravity-fed water systems, are enough to start filling in the information to create a complete system. The core work in reimagining the water supply system has been developing an understanding of the physical infrastructure of the distribution system. Although the two most recent and comprehensive studies appeared to agree that there were about 159 cisterns in the city, close examination of the available data showed that there were actually 209 with the possibility of more. An evaluation of the aqueduct routes in previous studies highlighted inconsistencies with newly available evidence: alternative routes were designed that tied together the available evidence, providing a consistently downhill route, shorter and more straightforward to construct. Having established the number and spread of cisterns and the locations of the aqueducts, it was possible to create a network delivering water from the aqueduct channels to the cisterns for collection by the public. Consideration has also been given to what occurs at either end of this physical infrastructure. At the upstream end, quantifying and characterising the water source defines the water available to distribute and helps to indicate the purpose of the cisterns. At the downstream end, developing even a basic model of water consumption has enabled the distribution network to move from a static artefact to a system with a quantifiable purpose. The combination of the physical infrastructure, inflow data and demand assumptions in an agent-based model demonstrate that the decisions and assumption made within each element work together and allow a fourth element, management, to be considered. The agent-based model of the water supply enables consideration of a dynamic system and the exploration of a number of 'what if?' scenarios. This exploration concludes that the cistern-based distribution system probably developed because of fluctuations in inflow. It may have been possible for the city to use a merged arrangement on the Aqueduct of Valens inflow, but the burden of pro-active management required to make it successful suggests that a parallel arrangement is more likely. There was likely to be an interconnection between the two main aqueducts, which would have enabled the use of water stored in the largest open-air cisterns.

Published
2018

34. Nutrition in adolescent growth and development

Author

Norris, Shane A, Frongillo, Edward A, Black, Maureen M, Dong, Yanhui, Fall, Caroline, Lampl, Michelle, Liese, Angela D, Naguib, Mariam, Prentice, Ann, Rochat, Tamsen, Stephensen, Charles B, Tinago, Chiwoneso B, Ward, Kate A, Wrottesley, Stephanie V, and Patton, George C

Published
2022
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36. The impact of HIV infection on skeletal maturity in peripubertal children in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study.

Author

Kowo-Nyakoko, Farirayi, Gregson, Celia L., Westbury, Leo D., Madanhire, Tafadzwa, Offiah, Amaka C., Micklesfield, Lisa K., Ferrand, Rashida Abbas, Rehman, Andrea M., and Ward, Kate A.

Subjects
HIV infections, SKELETAL maturity, HIV-positive children, AGE, WEIGHT gain
Abstract

Introduction: HIV infection and its treatment compromises skeletal development (growth and maturation). Skeletal maturity is assessed as bone age (BA) on hand and wrist radiographs. BA younger than chronological age (CA) indicates delayed development. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine differences between BA and CA (i.e., skeletal maturity deviation [SMD]), and risk factors associated with SMD in peripubertal children with and without HIV established on antiretroviral therapy (ART) including use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Methods: Children with HIV taking ART for at least two years and a comparison group of HIV-negative children, aged 8–16 years and frequency-matched by age and sex, were recruited from HIV clinics and local schools in the same catchment area, in Harare, Zimbabwe. BA was assessed from non-dominant hand-wrist radiographs using the Tanner Whitehouse 3 method. Negative SMD values correspond to delayed development, i.e., BA younger than CA. Multivariable linear regression models determined factors associated with SMD overall, and in children with HIV. Results: In total, 534 participants (54% males) were included; by design CA was similar in males and females, whether living with or without HIV. Mean (SD) SMD was more negative in CWH than in HIV-negative children in both males [-1.4(1.4) vs. -0.4(1.1) years] and females [-1.1(1.3) vs. -0.0(1.2) years]. HIV infection and weight-for-age Z-score<-2 were associated with more negative SMD in both males and females after adjusting for socio-economic status, orphanhood, pubertal stage, and calcium intake. Age at ART initiation was associated with SMD in both males and females with those starting ART later more delayed: starting ART aged 4–8 years 1.14 (-1.84, -0.43), or over 8 years 1.47 (-2.30, -0.65) (p-value for trend < 0.001). Similar non-significant trends were seen in males. TDF exposure TDF exposure whether < 4years or ≥ 4 years was not associated with delayed development. Conclusion: Perinatally-acquired HIV infection and being underweight were independently associated with delayed skeletal maturation in both males and females. Starting ART later was independently associated with skeletal maturation delay in CWH. Given the known effects of delayed development on later health, it is important to find interventions to ensure healthy weight gain through early years and in CWH to initiate ART as early as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Homozygous Resistance to Thyroid Hormone β: Can combined anti-thyroid drug and triiodothyroacetic acid treatment prevent cardiac failure?

Author

Moran, Carla, Habeb, Abdelhadi M, Kahaly, George J, Kampmann, Christoph, Hughes, Marina, Marek, Jan, Rajanayagam, Odelia, Kuczynski, Adam, Vargha-Khadem, Faraneh, Morsy, Mofeed, Offiah, Amaka C, Poole, Ken, Ward, Kate, Lyons, Greta, Halsall, David, Berman, Lol, Watson, Laura, Baguley, David, Mollon, John, Moore, Anthony T, Holder, Graham E, Dattani, Mehul, and Chatterjee, Krishna

Subjects
Clinical Research, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Aetiology, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, cardiac thyrotoxicosis, homozygous THRB mutation, resistance to thyroid hormone
Abstract

Resistance to thyroid hormone β (RTHβ) due to homozygous THRB defects is exceptionally rare, with only five kindreds reported worldwide. Cardiac dysfunction, which can be life-threatening, is recognized in the disorder. Here we describe the clinical, metabolic, ophthalmic, and cardiac findings in a 9-year-old boy harboring a biallelic THRB mutation (R243Q), along with biochemical, physiologic, and cardiac responses to carbimazole and triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) therapy. The patient exhibits recognized features (goiter, nonsuppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, upper respiratory tract infections, hyperactivity, low body mass index) of heterozygous RTHβ, with additional characteristics (dysmorphic facies, winging of scapulae) and more markedly elevated thyroid hormone levels, associated with the homozygous form of the disorder. Notably, an older sibling with similar clinical features and probable homozygous RTHβ had died of cardiac failure at age 13 years. Features of early dilated cardiomyopathy in our patient prompted combination treatment with carbimazole and TRIAC. Careful titration of therapy limited elevation in TSH levels and associated increase in thyroid volume. Subsequently, sustained reduction in thyroid hormones with normal TSH levels was reflected in lower basal metabolic rate, gain of lean body mass, and improved growth and cardiac function. A combination of antithyroid drug and TRIAC therapy may prevent thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy and its decompensation in homozygous or even heterozygous RTHβ in which life-threatening hyperthyroid features predominate.

Published
2017

46. Homozygous Resistance to Thyroid Hormone β: Can Combined Antithyroid Drug and Triiodothyroacetic Acid Treatment Prevent Cardiac Failure?

Author

Moran, Carla, Habeb, Abdelhadi M, Kahaly, George J, Kampmann, Christoph, Hughes, Marina, Marek, Jan, Rajanayagam, Odelia, Kuczynski, Adam, Vargha-Khadem, Faraneh, Morsy, Mofeed, Offiah, Amaka C, Poole, Ken, Ward, Kate, Lyons, Greta, Halsall, David, Berman, Lol, Watson, Laura, Baguley, David, Mollon, John, Moore, Anthony T, Holder, Graham E, Dattani, Mehul, and Chatterjee, Krishna

Subjects
cardiac thyrotoxicosis, homozygous THRB mutation, resistance to thyroid hormone
Abstract

Resistance to thyroid hormone β (RTHβ) due to homozygous THRB defects is exceptionally rare, with only five kindreds reported worldwide. Cardiac dysfunction, which can be life-threatening, is recognized in the disorder. Here we describe the clinical, metabolic, ophthalmic, and cardiac findings in a 9-year-old boy harboring a biallelic THRB mutation (R243Q), along with biochemical, physiologic, and cardiac responses to carbimazole and triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) therapy. The patient exhibits recognized features (goiter, nonsuppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, upper respiratory tract infections, hyperactivity, low body mass index) of heterozygous RTHβ, with additional characteristics (dysmorphic facies, winging of scapulae) and more markedly elevated thyroid hormone levels, associated with the homozygous form of the disorder. Notably, an older sibling with similar clinical features and probable homozygous RTHβ had died of cardiac failure at age 13 years. Features of early dilated cardiomyopathy in our patient prompted combination treatment with carbimazole and TRIAC. Careful titration of therapy limited elevation in TSH levels and associated increase in thyroid volume. Subsequently, sustained reduction in thyroid hormones with normal TSH levels was reflected in lower basal metabolic rate, gain of lean body mass, and improved growth and cardiac function. A combination of antithyroid drug and TRIAC therapy may prevent thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy and its decompensation in homozygous or even heterozygous RTHβ in which life-threatening hyperthyroid features predominate.

Published
2017

47. Osteoporotic Fractures: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Significance From the International Working Group on DXA Best Practices

Author

Khan, Aliya A., Slart, Riemer H.J.A., Ali, Dalal S., Bock, Oliver, Carey, John J., Camacho, Pauline, Engelke, Klaus, Erba, Paola A., Harvey, Nicholas C., Lems, Willem F., Morgan, Sarah, Moseley, Kendall F., O’Brien, Christopher, Probyn, Linda, Punda, Marija, Richmond, Bradford, Schousboe, John T., Shuhart, Christopher, Ward, Kate A., and Lewiecki, E. Michael

Abstract

Osteoporotic fractures, also known as fragility fractures, are reflective of compromised bone strength and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Such fractures may be clinically silent, and others may present clinically with pain and deformity at the time of the injury. Unfortunately, and even at the time of detection, most individuals sustaining fragility fractures are not identified as having underlying metabolic bone disease and are not evaluated or treated to reduce the incidence of future fractures. A multidisciplinary international working group with representation from international societies dedicated to advancing the care of patients with metabolic bone disease has developed best practice recommendations for the diagnosis and evaluation of individuals with fragility fractures. A comprehensive narrative review was conducted to identify key articles on fragility fractures and their impact on the incidence of further fractures, morbidity, and mortality. This document represents consensus among the supporting societies and harmonizes best practice recommendations consistent with advances in research. A fragility fracture in an adult is an important predictor of future fractures and requires further evaluation and treatment of the underlying osteoporosis. It is important to recognize that most fragility fractures occur in patients with bone mineral density T scores higher than −2.5, and these fractures confirm the presence of skeletal fragility even in the presence of a well-maintained bone mineral density. Fragility fractures require further evaluation with exclusion of contributing factors for osteoporosis and assessment of clinical risk factors for fracture followed by appropriate pharmacological intervention designed to reduce the risk of future fracture. Because most low-trauma vertebral fractures do not present with pain, dedicated vertebral imaging and review of past imaging is useful in identifying fractures in patients at high risk for vertebral fractures. Given the importance of fractures in confirming skeletal fragility and predicting future events, it is recommended that an established classification system be used for fracture identification and reporting.

Published
2024
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48. Building a Better Child Care System: Politicians are starting to understand what Catholic social teaching has always known: We must all care for the most vulnerable

Author

Ward, Kate

Subjects
Glass Ceilings and Dirt Floors (Nonfiction work) -- Authorship, Theologians -- Works, Child care services -- Government finance -- Political aspects, Philosophy and religion
Abstract

The summer after I graduated from high school, I worked in a day care center, watching over children from 18 months to 5 years old. Not yet responsible for my [...]

Published
2021

49. What Does Neoliberalism Mean for Christian Ethics?

Author

Ward, Kate

Subjects
*CHRISTIAN ethics, *NEOLIBERALISM, *DISTRIBUTIVE justice, *SOCIAL theory, *RELIGION & sociology
Abstract

This article reviews three new books analysing the phenomenon of neoliberalism through religious lenses and comments on how Christian ethics should navigate among various distinct uses of the term 'neoliberalism' and the solutions a Christian ethical approach proposes to the ways in which neoliberalism harms humans and societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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