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This study explores techniques for managing class imbalance in predictive modeling to forecast water pipe failures using XGBoost and logistic regression. Given the significant challenges posed by water pipeline failures—such as service disruptions, costly repairs, and environmental hazards—there is a pressing need for effective predictive models. Using a dataset from 2015 to 2022 that includes features like pipe age, material, diameter, and maintenance history, the study applies methods such as random oversampling and undersampling to improve model performance. Results show that XGBoost outperforms logistic regression in recall (0.795 vs. 0.683), a critical metric for managing water infrastructure. Although logistic regression has slightly better precision (0.695), XGBoost demonstrates superior overall performance with higher Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) and F1 score, effectively balancing precision and recall. This research is essential as it addresses the need for robust predictive models to anticipate and mitigate water pipeline failures. By offering a comprehensive framework for managing large-scale datasets and showcasing how accurate predictions can reduce maintenance costs and water wastage, this study contributes to more efficient and sustainable water infrastructure management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting faulty pipelines in water management systems is crucial for ensuring a reliable supply of clean water. Traditional inspection methods are often time-consuming, costly, and prone to errors. This study introduces an AI-based model utilizing images to detect pipeline defects, focusing on leaks, cracks, and corrosion. The YOLOv8 model is employed for object detection due to its exceptional performance in detecting objects, segmentation, pose estimation, tracking, and classification. By training on a large dataset of labeled images, the model effectively learns to identify visual patterns associated with pipeline faults. Experiments conducted on a real-world dataset demonstrate that the AI-based model significantly outperforms traditional methods in detection accuracy. The model also exhibits robustness to various environmental conditions such as lighting changes, camera angles, and occlusions, ensuring reliable performance in diverse scenarios. The efficient processing time of the model enables real-time fault detection in large-scale water distribution networks implementing this AI-based model offers numerous advantages for water management systems. It reduces dependence on manual inspections, thereby saving costs and enhancing operational efficiency. Additionally, the model facilitates proactive maintenance through the early detection of faults, preventing water loss, contamination, and infrastructure damage. The results from the three conducted experiments indicate that the model from Experiment 1 achieves a commendable mAP50 of 90% in detecting faulty pipes, with an overall mAP50 of 74.7%. In contrast, the model from Experiment 3 exhibits superior overall performance, achieving a mAP50 of 76.1%. This research presents a promising approach to improving the reliability and sustainability of water management systems through AI-based fault detection using image analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study explores techniques for managing class imbalance in predictive modeling to forecast water pipe failures using XGBoost and logistic regression. Given the significant challenges posed by water pipeline failures—such as service disruptions, costly repairs, and environmental hazards—there is a pressing need for effective predictive models. Using a dataset from 2015 to 2022 that includes features like pipe age, material, diameter, and maintenance history, the study applies methods such as random oversampling and undersampling to improve model performance. Results show that XGBoost outperforms logistic regression in recall (0.795 vs. 0.683), a critical metric for managing water infrastructure. Although logistic regression has slightly better precision (0.695), XGBoost demonstrates superior overall performance with higher Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) and F1 score, effectively balancing precision and recall. This research is essential as it addresses the need for robust predictive models to anticipate and mitigate water pipeline failures. By offering a comprehensive framework for managing large-scale datasets and showcasing how accurate predictions can reduce maintenance costs and water wastage, this study contributes to more efficient and sustainable water infrastructure management.

Purpose: the review of the current state of legal aspects and features of the reclaimed land (RL) registering. Discussion. Information on the availability, areas and RL use is currently provided to various departments. The number of bodies exceeds a dozen. Different interpretations of the requirements for input data and technical errors during input lead to inconsistencies in the data of various departments. A significant number of changes and innovations in regulatory and legal documentation indicate the imperfection of the RL registration process and constant attempts to improve it. Vast areas of reclamation systems and their division in forms of ownership complicate the registration of the available RL. The confidentiality of information obtained during the RL registration does not allow for a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of the reclamation systems functioning, even within the same department. As a result, it is impossible to create an objective picture of the reclamation system functioning and the reclamation complex as a whole. The solution to the problem of data inconsistency, including when taking into account RL, as well as quick and accurate determination of the RL location and GTS, is seen in the creation of a geographic information system (GIS) within a single digital portal. Certain elements of GIS technologies have already applied today, but the main advantage of the system being developed should be the integration of information from different sources to create a reference source of information. The development of such a system has been ongoing since 2008; currently it is a Unified Federal Information System on Agricultural Lands (UFIS AL). Conclusions. A review of the current state of legal aspects and features of the RL registering allowed coming to the conclusion that filling the UFIS AL with accurate and reliable information will allow using it for creating services to solve various problems, including the development of digital services, for example, facilitating the treaty-making process for the provision of water supply and (or) drainage services.

The article formulates the basic principles of rational water consumption and touches upon the issues of transboundary water use. A generalized system of criteria for satisfying the quantitative requirements for water resources of a river basin is proposed. The study also formalizes the issue of estimating the water resource potential in the mode of optimizing the firm yield at the site of a reservoir hydraulic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to analyze the presence and condition of water management systems (WMS) and hydraulic structures (HS), which are in federal ownership (FO) within the Don Basin District (DBD), and to develop proposals to improve the efficiency of WMS and HS functioning. Discussion. In the Don River Basin as of 01/01/2023, there were 11 % of the total number of water management systems in the Russian Federation in the FO, the predominant type was irrigation. The number of hydraulic structures was 6 % of the total number of federal hydraulic structures in the Russian Federation. An insignificant presence of hydraulic structures was noted (about 1 % of the number of hydraulic structures in the DBD), corresponding to the design technical condition, 71 % required routine repairs, about 5 % required major repairs, approximately the same number needed reconstruction, 14 % required disposal. The predominant part of the hydraulic structures was characterized by wear of more than 75 %. To overcome the crisis situation in the reclamation industry, including in the Don river basin, it is proposed to consider a separate reclamation system (RS) and the organization managing it (OMS) as the main management unit. It is advisable for the OMS to be state-owned and have access to any part of the RS. The OMS should be involved in the process of cultivating crops and be interested in high yields and of agricultural products quality. One of the elements of the interest mechanism should be the data on harvesting from reclaimed lands, similar to that provided for by federal statistical observation in the form 29-СХ (chalk); it is advisable to submit this information also to the OMS. To improve the RS management process, geoinformation maps are being developed, the first stage of development was the “Instructions for forming and providing spatial data about RS and HS”. Conclusions. The practical implementation of the above-mentioned proposals can increase the efficiency of organizations operating RS and contribute to the rational use of water resources in the Don Basin.

The management of a water network is a complex and challenging job. Nowadays, thanks to the technology available, there is the opportunity to move to a data-driven decision process. To meet the increasingly stringent technical quality requirements from the Authority, water utilities need to increase the operational efficiency. The solution is to integrate and organize operational and business-related data into a common data lake and use these data as a source for a business analytics software able to assist and support daily operations and future investment programs. This paper describes the activities and results of a digitalization case study carried out in Italy where a leading water utility serving over 2 million residents implemented an integrated water management system to enhance the business performance by leveraging a data-driven approach. The project resulted in the establishment of an advanced control room at the company's headquarters, featuring real-time dashboards that are fully integrated with the utility's operational tools and software. The integrated system allows faster responses to operational needs and supports business decisions through streamlined access to relevant data. HIGHLIGHTS Thanks to the technology available, water utilities can move toward a data-driven decision-making process.; The collaboration between OT and IT is the key to digital transformation.; The solution is to integrate and organize operations and business-related data into a data lake to allow a holistic business view.; A business intelligence platform is a tool to support operations and optimize investment.;

The analysis and optimization of the operational and maintenance costs of water management systems is one of the key issues of their exploitation. This article presents a general model, supported by specially designed software, able to process the analysis of exploitation costs of multistate renewable systems. The proposed model allows for the consideration of costs related to preventive inspections and repairs and additional reliability associated costs, such as costs of the system in a state of deteriorated reliability and financial losses related to reduced serviceability of the system or a lack of rendering of services. By means of a multistate approach to the reliability analysis, the model allows for the determination of the level corresponding to the appropriate reliability state that, if exceeded, should result in undertaking the repair of the system. In this study, the MATLAB 9.13 (R2022b) environment was used for simulation and estimation of the costs of system maintenance and repairs according to the proposed model. The article presents the results of the optimization of exploitation and repair costs of water management systems, allowing the estimation of the optimal period between regular inspections while maintaining the safe operation of the system. The model and software proposed can be of assistance in supporting the decision process of maintenance planning for water management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Everyone is well aware of the wastage of water through tanks, which has always been a concern. In many cities and villages, water wastage has increased as people have not maintained their tanks properly. This paper is designed to monitor and control water levels in tanks, reservoirs, or other storage containers. The proposed system utilizes a combination of sensors, microcontrollers, and actuation mechanisms to provide real-time monitoring and control of water levels. This automated approach offers numerous benefits, including improved water conservation, reduced energy consumption, and enhanced convenience. For smaller tanks, solutions such as ball valves are applicable, which automatically stop the water flow once the tank is full. This is a simple and basic idea for smaller tanks. However, in many large tanks located in buildings, hotels, schools, etc., which require a significant amount of water storage, there is a need to prevent overflow. An electronic solution can be implemented to save water. When the tank is nearing full capacity, it will raise an alarm and stop the water pump. Conversely, it can also help fill the tank when it's empty using an electronic device. The Arduino Uno-based automatic water level indicator and controller is a practical and efficient solution for monitoring and controlling water levels in various applications. This system utilizes ultrasonic sensors to measure water levels by emitting sound waves and calculating the distance based on the echoes they receive after bouncing off obstacles in the water. The Arduino Uno-based automatic water level indicator and controller utilizing ultrasonic sensors is a practical and versatile solution for managing water levels efficiently. It offers accurate measurements, automation, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability for various applications, making it a valuable tool for water level monitoring and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In all the smart applications, evolution of the Internet of Things (IOT) is utilized as a complete matured technology and in the future internet generations, established itself. Block-chain is also the blooming technique like Internet of things in which the distributed ledger which enhances the security contained in the each node of the block-chain. In the block-chain network, any fault transaction is not done by the illegal users. The block-chain is combined with the Internet of Things for the improvement of real time application performance. IOT based smart water management system is designed in this paper for the agriculture which ensures the effectiveness of the agriculture water management. The remote monitoring with the IOT is used for this purpose. By linking with 2D modelling, the control and management of the agriculture water were performed. Finally, a system is implemented for the agriculture water management through the real time data collection. The obtained result shows the data that updates the water monitoring interface with the varying number of hours. The IoT technology and remote monitoring technology is utilized to the existing water management infrastructure. For water resources management and water supply, this is the very efficient technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water scarcity is a big problem in dry seasons around the world. Many countries are trying to manage and minimize the use of water and Water management is essential to help reduce this problem; For example, by regularly checking the integrity of the plumbing system to prevent damage. the authors have an idea for applying image processing technology to check the water meter page. Meter images were prepared and noise eliminateds by a Gaussian filter. Then, the filtered images were binarized from color images by Otsu's algorithm. Next, the morphological was applied to extract the region on interest (ROI). Finally, the Python-tesseract which is an optical character recognition (OCR) tool was implemented to convert string to text(numbers). After that the results were be sent via WIFI to be stored and displayed in graphs on a web page. If there is any abnormality in water consumption data from the meter reading, the system will send notification emails to the relevant department. The experimental results showen that the average percentage of recognition accuracy for each image types was 48%, 75.1%, and 91.64% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In connection with plans for creating power plants using renewable energy sources, primarily solar, as well as the nature of daily electricity consumption, the issues of creating maneuverable capacities to regulate or ensure consistency between generated and consumed capacities are becoming increasingly relevant. One way to regulate capacity is the creation of pumped storage power plants (PSPPs). The article discusses the possibilities of creating a PSPP in Uzbekistan, considering the water management of its hydro resources and their dispersal. A methodology and a program for carrying out calculated assessments of PSPP efficiency in Uzbekistan are proposed and examples of calculation are given. The research results show the promise of several PSPP schemes for regulating the system's power generating capacities, including power plants based on solar and wind energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization is an inevitable trend of economic development. It is an important indicator that reflects the industrialization and modernization of a country. In the long-term urbanization process in China, due to the excessive emphasis on the status of the city and one-sided emphasis on urban development, a serious of urban diseases such as population congestion and environmental damage have been caused. Meanwhile, neglected rural areas have exposed social problems such as aging and hollowing out, making the urban-rural dual structure more prominent. Currently, China's economic and social development has reached a new stage, and the realization of urban-rural integration is a major measure to comprehensively develop the national economy and social undertakings. Vigorously developing the rural areas and revitalizing the countryside has become a national policy. Traditional ancient villages are treasures in the vast rural areas. They should be more protected and developed to eliminate the urban-rural gap, thereby passing down and carrying forward the essence of traditional culture and enhancing China's national confidence and cultural confidence. Focusing on the protection and planning of ancient villages, combined with the current policy background of new urbanization, based on field research on Mingkou Village, Leping City, Jiangxi Province, protective development strategies are put forward for ancient villages and their water management from the perspective of water management in ancient villages to arouse people's attention to the protection of ancient villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water has been the main and affordable source of energy for centuries. In order to be able to use water power in the final technical facilities, water works had to be built for this purpose to ensure that the water was collected in the country. The aim of the present study is the reconstruction of the use of water and the reconstruction of water management systems in the historic mining landscape on the example of water management system of Ľubietová surroundings, whose effectiveness was also determined by the existence of so-called Little Ice Age. So far unknown facts, phenomena and contexts that contributed to formation of the water management system in the mountainous country have also been gained through field research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South African national water quality database (Water Management System) houses data records from several environmental monitoring programmes, including the National Chemical Monitoring Programme (NCMP). The NCMP comprises an extensive surface water quality monitoring programme, managed by the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). The purpose of this technical note is to alert users to a systematic anomaly recently observed in the pH dataset of the NCMP, reflected in an abrupt increase between pre- and post-1990 data records. Although the cause of the anomaly in pH could not be confirmed with high confidence, an inappropriate acid rinse procedure in pre-1990 analytical methods was identified as the most likely cause, based on available evidence. This was supported by the variation in relative sensitivity when comparing the effect on waters with different buffering capacities, i.e., water with low buffering capacity (represented by total alkalinity < 10 mg/L, as CaCO3) showing the largest anomaly, compared with waters of higher buffering capacity (represented by total alkalinity > 30 mg/L, as CaCO3) showing the smallest anomaly. Historical pH data records in the NCMP (i.e. pre- 1990), therefore should be used with caution, especially in more weakly buffered systems. The possibility of reconstructing data using a correction factor derived from detailed statistical analyses of the post-1990 pH characteristics at selected sites is a possible solution that could be investigated in future. A key lesson learnt is the need to be diligent in capturing detailed meta-data on sampling procedures and analytical methods in datasets spanning several generations. Availability of such information is critical in order to provide users with a means of evaluating the suitability and comparability of data records in long-term datasets. The DWS includes such meta-data in the current version of the database, dating from about 1995 onwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A methodology of interaction between water management systems and water users in the formation of water use and disposal strategies under uncertain conditions is considered. The strategies are developed in a four-stage procedure of successive specification of decisions with the use of the proposed system of mathematical models, in which the strategies are compared, discarded, and selected by their efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]