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6. Putting Progress at Risk? MDG spending in developing countries

Author

Martin, Matthew and Watts, Richard

Subjects
Aid, Economics
Abstract

A little over two years remain for reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This report is the first ever to track what developing countries are spending on the MDGs. It finds that recent spending increases explain the rapid progress on the MDGs. But the majority of countries are spending much less than they have promised, or than is needed, to achieve the MDGs or their potential successor post-2015 goals – for example, on wages for teachers and nurses, and the maintenance of water facilities. Aid cuts, low implementation rates and low recurrent spending all threaten to reverse existing progress., This Government Spending Watch report suggests that: developing countries need to make data on MDG spending more accessible to citizens and to strengthen policies on revenue (taxation) and debt and aid management; donors need to increase innovative financing, such as financial transaction and carbon taxes, and put more aid through developing country budgets; the post-2015 framework should set targets for spending on social protection, gender and sustainable development, including climate change., The Government Spending Watch website provides comprehensive, up-to-date information on government spending on the MDGs.

Published
2013

7. Stroke frequency, associated factors, and clinical features in primary systemic vasculitis: a multicentric observational study

Author

Geraldes, Ruth, Santos, Monica, Ponte, Cristina, Craven, Anthea, Barra, Lillian, Robson, Joanna C., Hammam, Nevin, Springer, Jason, Henes, Jöerg, Hocevar, Alojzija, Putaala, Jukka, Santos, Ernestina, Rajasekhar, Liza, Daikeler, Thomas, Karadag, Omer, Costa, Andreia, Khalidi, Nader, Pagnoux, Christian, Canhão, Patrícia, Melo, Teresa Pinho e, Fonseca, Ana Catarina, Ferro, José M., Fonseca, João Eurico, Suppiah, Ravi, Watts, Richard A., Grayson, Peter, Merkel, Peter A., and Luqmani, Raashid A.

Published
2024
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12. Adlerian Consultation: A Model for School Counselors during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

McClendon, Levi, Brown, Timothy, and Watts, Richard

Abstract

Consultation is one of the primary methods of providing indirect student services and common practices of school counselors. Due to high caseloads and the stress of school shutdowns during COVID-19, consultation remains an important modality to serve teachers and support students. A case study is provided to demonstrate how school counselors can use the Seven Steps of Adlerian Consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2021

16. Global epidemiology of vasculitis

Author

Watts, Richard A, Hatemi, Gulen, Burns, Jane C, and Mohammad, Aladdin J

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Pediatric, Autoimmune Disease, Clinical Research, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Global Health, Humans, Vasculitis, Clinical sciences
Abstract

The many forms of vasculitis are characterized by inflammation of blood vessels, leading to potentially long-term sequelae including vision loss, aneurysm formation and kidney failure. Accurate estimation of the incidence and prevalence has been hampered by the absence of reliable diagnostic criteria and the rarity of these conditions; however, much progress has been made over the past two decades, although data are still lacking from many parts of the world including the Indian subcontinent, China, Africa and South America. Giant cell arteritis occurs in those aged 50 years and over and seems to mainly affect persons of northern European ancestry, whereas Takayasu arteritis occurs mainly in those aged under 40 years. By contrast, Kawasaki disease mainly occurs in children aged under 5 years and is most common in children of Asian ancestry, and IgA vasculitis occurs in children and adolescents. Although much less common than giant cell arteritis, the different forms of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis are being increasingly recognized in most populations and occur more frequently with increasing age. Behçet syndrome occurs most commonly along the ancient silk road between Europe and China. Much work needs to be done to better understand the influence of ethnicity, geographical location, environment and social factors on the development of vasculitis.

Published
2022

20. Organizational Variables Contributing to School Counselor Burnout: An Opportunity for Leadership, Advocacy, Collaboration, and Systemic Change

Author

Holman, Leigh Falls, Nelson, Judith, and Watts, Richard

Abstract

This study utilizes a correlation matrix to examine relationships between variables identified in literature (role ambiguity, role conflict, assignment of non-counseling duties, coworker and supervisor support, and level of control over time and task) as measured by the Demand Control Support Questionnaire (DCSQ), and elements of school counselor burnout (SCBO) as measured by the Counselor Burnout Inventory (CBI) subscales (Exhaustion, Incompetence, Negative Work Environment, Devaluing Clients, and Deterioration in Personal Life). Findings indicate experiencing high external demands, such as assignment of non-counseling duties; experiencing the school as a negative place to work; and experiencing low levels of support from colleagues and supervisors result in high levels of exhaustion and contribute to burnout. These variables need further exploration using a hierarchical multiple regression to analyze the amount of variance they contribute to SCBO. The article includes a discussion of ethical concerns, future research, and practice implications for school counselor educators, supervisors, educational administrators, and school counselors.

Published
2019

22. Uncertain threat is associated with greater impulsive actions and neural dissimilarity to Black versus White faces

Author

Rubien-Thomas, Estée, Berrian, Nia, M. Rapuano, Kristina, J. Skalaban, Lena, Cervera, Alessandra, Nardos, Binyam, Cohen, Alexandra O., Lowrey, Ariel, M. Daumeyer, Natalie, Watts, Richard, Camp, Nicholas P., Hughes, Brent L., Eberhardt, Jennifer L., Taylor-Thompson, Kim A., Fair, Damien A., Richeson, Jennifer A., and Casey, B. J.

Published
2023
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25. Exploration of Potential Predictor Variables Leading to School Counselor Burnout

Author

Holman, Leigh Falls, Watts, Richard, Robles-Pina, Rebecca, and Grubbs, Lisa

Abstract

Job stress and burnout negatively impact school counselors and the school communities in which they serve. This study explores variables previously indicated by the literature as potentially contributing to school counselor job stress or burnout. These include size of caseload, location of school (urban, suburban, rural), grade level served (elementary, middle, high school), and counselor ethnicity. Although we found some significant ethnic differences in development of job stress; overall, our findings contradicted the literature on each of these variables. We explore reasons for differences in findings and make suggestions for future research.

Published
2018

27. Nucleus accumbens cytoarchitecture predicts weight gain in children

Author

Rapuano, Kristina M, Laurent, Jennifer S, Hagler, Donald J, Hatton, Sean N, Thompson, Wesley K, Jernigan, Terry L, Dale, Anders M, Casey, BJ, and Watts, Richard

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Neurosciences, Pediatric, Behavioral and Social Science, Nutrition, Obesity, Mental Health, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Stroke, Cancer, Oral and gastrointestinal, Cardiovascular, Metabolic and endocrine, Cell Count, Child, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Nucleus Accumbens, Pediatric Obesity, Waist Circumference, Weight Gain, Paediatrics, nucleus accumbens, pediatric obesity, brain development, diffusion, MRI, restriction spectrum imaging, diffusion MRI
Abstract

The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents worldwide has quadrupled since 1975 and is a key predictor of obesity later in life. Previous work has consistently observed relationships between macroscale measures of reward-related brain regions (e.g., the nucleus accumbens [NAcc]) and unhealthy eating behaviors and outcomes; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Recent work has highlighted a potential role of neuroinflammation in the NAcc in animal models of diet-induced obesity. Here, we leverage a diffusion MRI technique, restriction spectrum imaging, to probe the microstructure (cellular density) of subcortical brain regions. More specifically, we test the hypothesis that the cell density of reward-related regions is associated with obesity-related metrics and early weight gain. In a large cohort of nine- and ten-year-olds enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we demonstrate that cellular density in the NAcc is related to individual differences in waist circumference at baseline and is predictive of increases in waist circumference after 1 y. These findings suggest a neurobiological mechanism for pediatric obesity consistent with rodent work showing that high saturated fat diets increase gliosis and neuroinflammation in reward-related brain regions, which in turn lead to further unhealthy eating and obesity.

Published
2020

28. Behavioral and Neural Signatures of Working Memory in Childhood

Author

Rosenberg, Monica D, Martinez, Steven A, Rapuano, Kristina M, Conley, May I, Cohen, Alexandra O, Cornejo, M Daniela, Hagler, Donald J, Meredith, Wesley J, Anderson, Kevin M, Wager, Tor D, Feczko, Eric, Earl, Eric, Fair, Damien A, Barch, Deanna M, Watts, Richard, and Casey, BJ

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Pediatric, Mind and Body, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Mental Health, Underpinning research, 1.2 Psychological and socioeconomic processes, Mental health, Neurological, Brain, Child, Child Development, Female, Humans, Individuality, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, development, fMRI, frontoparietal, n-back, working memory, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Working memory function changes across development and varies across individuals. The patterns of behavior and brain function that track individual differences in working memory during human development, however, are not well understood. Here, we establish associations between working memory, other cognitive abilities, and functional MRI (fMRI) activation in data from over 11,500 9- to 10-year-old children (both sexes) enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, an ongoing longitudinal study in the United States. Behavioral analyses reveal robust relationships between working memory, short-term memory, language skills, and fluid intelligence. Analyses relating out-of-scanner working memory performance to memory-related fMRI activation in an emotional n-back task demonstrate that frontoparietal activity during a working memory challenge indexes working memory performance. This relationship is domain specific, such that fMRI activation related to emotion processing during the emotional n-back task, inhibitory control during a stop-signal task (SST), and reward processing during a monetary incentive delay (MID) task does not track memory abilities. Together, these results inform our understanding of individual differences in working memory in childhood and lay the groundwork for characterizing the ways in which they change across adolescence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Working memory is a foundational cognitive ability that changes over time and varies across individuals. Here, we analyze data from over 11,500 9- to 10-year-olds to establish relationships between working memory, other cognitive abilities, and frontoparietal brain activity during a working memory challenge, but not during other cognitive challenges. Our results lay the groundwork for assessing longitudinal changes in working memory and predicting later academic and other real-world outcomes.

Published
2020

29. Correction of respiratory artifacts in MRI head motion estimates

Author

Fair, Damien A, Miranda-Dominguez, Oscar, Snyder, Abraham Z, Perrone, Anders, Earl, Eric A, Van, Andrew N, Koller, Jonathan M, Feczko, Eric, Tisdall, M Dylan, van der Kouwe, Andre, Klein, Rachel L, Mirro, Amy E, Hampton, Jacqueline M, Adeyemo, Babatunde, Laumann, Timothy O, Gratton, Caterina, Greene, Deanna J, Schlaggar, Bradley L, Hagler, Donald J, Watts, Richard, Garavan, Hugh, Barch, Deanna M, Nigg, Joel T, Petersen, Steven E, Dale, Anders M, Feldstein-Ewing, Sarah W, Nagel, Bonnie J, and Dosenbach, Nico UF

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Biomedical Imaging, Neurological, Adolescent, Artifacts, Child, Female, Functional Neuroimaging, Head Movements, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Respiration, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Head motion represents one of the greatest technical obstacles in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human brain. Accurate detection of artifacts induced by head motion requires precise estimation of movement. However, head motion estimates may be corrupted by artifacts due to magnetic main field fluctuations generated by body motion. In the current report, we examine head motion estimation in multiband resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and comparison 'single-shot' datasets. We show that respirations contaminate movement estimates in functional MRI and that respiration generates apparent head motion not associated with functional MRI quality reductions. We have developed a novel approach using a band-stop filter that accurately removes these respiratory effects from motion estimates. Subsequently, we demonstrate that utilizing a band-stop filter improves post-processing fMRI data quality. Lastly, we demonstrate the real-time implementation of motion estimate filtering in our FIRMM (Framewise Integrated Real-Time MRI Monitoring) software package.

Published
2020

30. Early infection risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with rituximab or belimumab from the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Biologics Register (BILAG-BR): a prospective longitudinal study

Author

Abernethy, Rikki, Ahmad, Yasmeen, Akil, Mohamed, Bartram, Sarah, Batley, Mike, Bharadwaj, Anurag, Bruce, Ian, Carlucci, Francesco, Chan, Antoni, Dasgupta, Bhaskar, D'Cruz, David, De Lord, Denise, Dyke, Bernard, Edwards, Christopher, Erb, Nicola, Farrell, Adrian, Gayed, Mary, Gendi, Nagui, Gompels, Luke, Gordon, Caroline, Gordon, Patrick, Griffiths, Bridget, Gullick, Nicola, Gunwardena, Harsha, Haigh, Richard, Hamdulay, Shahir, Haque, Sahena, Hutchinson, David, Isenberg, David, Jayne, David, Jeffery, Rachel, Kapur, Deepti, Kaul, Arvind, King, Jon, Knights, Sally, Korendowych, Ellie, Lanyon, Peter, Mahindrakar, Madhu, Marks, Jonathan, McCann, Liza, McLaren, Zoe, Mediwake, Rapti, Menon, Ajit, Mewar, Devesh, Min, Steven Young, Nair, Jagdish, O'Riordan, Edmond, Pyne, Dev, Rahmeh, Fouz, Regan, Marian, Reynolds, John, Rhodes, Ben, Rhys-Dillon, Ceril, Robson, Joanna C, Shaffu, Shireen, Sheeran, T, Skeoch, Sarah, Sood, Bhrigu Raj, Stratton, Richard, Teh, Lee-Suan, Vermaak, Erin, Vital, Ed, Waller, Rosemary, Watts, Richard, Wijeyekoon, Jananath, Yee, Chee-Seng, Yong, Cee Yi, Youssef, Hazem, Yusuf, Abid, Zoma, Asad, Rodziewicz, Mia, Dyball, Sarah, Lunt, Mark, McDonald, Stephen, Sutton, Emily, Parker, Ben, and Bruce, Ian N

Published
2023
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33. Valuing Health Gain from Composite Response Endpoints for Multisystem Diseases

Author

Bruce, Ian, Payne, Katherine, Lunt, Mark, Peek, Niels, Geifman, Nophar, Gavan, Sean, Armitt, Gillian, Doherty, Patrick, Prattley, Jennifer, Azadbakht, Narges, Papazian, Angela, Le Sueur, Helen, Farrelly, Carmen, Richardson, Clare, Shabbir, Zunnaira, Hewitt, Lauren, McHugh, Neil, Gordon, Caroline, Reynolds, John, Young, Stephen, Jayne, David, Farewell, Vern, Su, Li, Pickering, Matthew, Lightstone, Elizabeth, Gilmore, Alyssa, Botto, Marina, Vyse, Timothy, Morris, David Lester, D’Cruz, David, Vital, Edward, Wittmann, Miriam, Emery, Paul, Beresford, Michael, Hedrich, Christian, Midgley, Angela, Gritzfeld, Jenna, Ehrenstein, Michael, Isenberg, David, Parvaz, Mariea, Dunnage, Jane, Batchelor, Jane, Holland, Elaine, Upsall, Pauline, Youssef, Hazem, McCann, Liza, Mediwake, Rapti, Bharadwaj, Anurag, Vital, Ed, Kapur, Deepti, Chee-Seng Yee, Prof, Griffiths, Bridget, Yusuf, Abid, Zoma, Asad, Vermaak, Erin, Carlucci, Francesco, Watts, Richard, Gordon, Patrick, Shaffu, Shireen, Wijeyekoon, Jananath, McLaren, Zoe, Ahmad, Yasmeen, Batley, Mike, Gompels, Luke, Sheeran, T., Yi Yong, Cee, Jeffery, Rachel, Hamdulay, Shahir, Rahmeh, Fouz, Young Min, Steven, Rhodes, Ben, De Lord, Denise, Lanyon, Peter, Chan, Antoni, Teh, Lee-Suan, Marks, Jonathan, Hutchinson, David, Regan, Marian, Haigh, Richard, Stratton, Richard, Rhys-Dillon, Ceril, Akil, Mohamed, Mewar, Devesh, Skeoch, Sarah, Erb, Nicola, O’Riordan, Edmond, Bartram, Sarah, Gayed, Mary, Dasgupta, Bhaskar, Gunwardena, Harsha, Pyne, Dev, Kaul, Arvind, Mahindrakar, Madhu, Raj Sood, Bhrigu, Gullick, Nicola, Edwards, Christopher, Joanna C Robson, King, Jon, Farrell, Adrian, Haque, Sahena, Knights, Sally, Gavan, Sean P., and Bruce, Ian N.

Published
2023
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35. Image processing and analysis methods for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

Author

Hagler, Donald J, Hatton, SeanN, Cornejo, M Daniela, Makowski, Carolina, Fair, Damien A, Dick, Anthony Steven, Sutherland, Matthew T, Casey, BJ, Barch, Deanna M, Harms, Michael P, Watts, Richard, Bjork, James M, Garavan, Hugh P, Hilmer, Laura, Pung, Christopher J, Sicat, Chelsea S, Kuperman, Joshua, Bartsch, Hauke, Xue, Feng, Heitzeg, Mary M, Laird, Angela R, Trinh, Thanh T, Gonzalez, Raul, Tapert, Susan F, Riedel, Michael C, Squeglia, Lindsay M, Hyde, Luke W, Rosenberg, Monica D, Earl, Eric A, Howlett, Katia D, Baker, Fiona C, Soules, Mary, Diaz, Jazmin, de Leon, Octavio Ruiz, Thompson, Wesley K, Neale, Michael C, Herting, Megan, Sowell, Elizabeth R, Alvarez, Ruben P, Hawes, Samuel W, Sanchez, Mariana, Bodurka, Jerzy, Breslin, Florence J, Morris, Amanda Sheffield, Paulus, Martin P, Simmons, W Kyle, Polimeni, Jonathan R, van der Kouwe, Andre, Nencka, Andrew S, Gray, Kevin M, Pierpaoli, Carlo, Matochik, John A, Noronha, Antonio, Aklin, Will M, Conway, Kevin, Glantz, Meyer, Hoffman, Elizabeth, Little, Roger, Lopez, Marsha, Pariyadath, Vani, Weiss, Susan RB, Wolff-Hughes, Dana L, DelCarmen-Wiggins, Rebecca, Ewing, Sarah W Feldstein, Miranda-Dominguez, Oscar, Nagel, Bonnie J, Perrone, Anders J, Sturgeon, Darrick T, Goldstone, Aimee, Pfefferbaum, Adolf, Pohl, Kilian M, Prouty, Devin, Uban, Kristina, Bookheimer, Susan Y, Dapretto, Mirella, Galvan, Adriana, Bagot, Kara, Giedd, Jay, Infante, M Alejandra, Jacobus, Joanna, Patrick, Kevin, Shilling, Paul D, Desikan, Rahul, Li, Yi, Sugrue, Leo, Banich, Marie T, Friedman, Naomi, Hewitt, John K, Hopfer, Christian, Sakai, Joseph, Tanabe, Jody, Cottler, Linda B, Nixon, Sara Jo, Chang, Linda, Cloak, Christine, Ernst, Thomas, Reeves, Gloria, Kennedy, David N, Heeringa, Steve, and Peltier, Scott

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Brain Disorders, Mental Illness, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Biomedical Imaging, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Substance Misuse, Neurosciences, Women's Health, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental health, Neurological, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Brain, Brain Mapping, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multimodal Imaging, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic resonance imaging, ABCD, Data sharing, Processing pipeline, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, nationwide study of the effects of environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in adolescents. The main objective of the study is to recruit and assess over eleven thousand 9-10-year-olds and follow them over the course of 10 years to characterize normative brain and cognitive development, the many factors that influence brain development, and the effects of those factors on mental health and other outcomes. The study employs state-of-the-art multimodal brain imaging, cognitive and clinical assessments, bioassays, and careful assessment of substance use, environment, psychopathological symptoms, and social functioning. The data is a resource of unprecedented scale and depth for studying typical and atypical development. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the baseline neuroimaging processing and subject-level analysis methods used by ABCD. Processing and analyses include modality-specific corrections for distortions and motion, brain segmentation and cortical surface reconstruction derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), analysis of brain microstructure using diffusion MRI (dMRI), task-related analysis of functional MRI (fMRI), and functional connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI. This manuscript serves as a methodological reference for users of publicly shared neuroimaging data from the ABCD Study.

Published
2019

39. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study: Imaging acquisition across 21 sites

Author

Casey, BJ, Cannonier, Tariq, Conley, May I, Cohen, Alexandra O, Barch, Deanna M, Heitzeg, Mary M, Soules, Mary E, Teslovich, Theresa, Dellarco, Danielle V, Garavan, Hugh, Orr, Catherine A, Wager, Tor D, Banich, Marie T, Speer, Nicole K, Sutherland, Matthew T, Riedel, Michael C, Dick, Anthony S, Bjork, James M, Thomas, Kathleen M, Chaarani, Bader, Mejia, Margie H, Hagler, Donald J, Cornejo, M Daniela, Sicat, Chelsea S, Harms, Michael P, Dosenbach, Nico UF, Rosenberg, Monica, Earl, Eric, Bartsch, Hauke, Watts, Richard, Polimeni, Jonathan R, Kuperman, Joshua M, Fair, Damien A, Dale, Anders M, and Workgroup, the ABCD Imaging Acquisition

Subjects
Cognitive and Computational Psychology, Psychology, Biomedical Imaging, Substance Misuse, Brain Disorders, Pediatric, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Brain, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Addiction, Adolescence, Development, Impulsivity, Memory, Reward, ABCD Imaging Acquisition Workgroup, Clinical Sciences, Cognitive Sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

The ABCD study is recruiting and following the brain development and health of over 10,000 9-10 year olds through adolescence. The imaging component of the study was developed by the ABCD Data Analysis and Informatics Center (DAIC) and the ABCD Imaging Acquisition Workgroup. Imaging methods and assessments were selected, optimized and harmonized across all 21 sites to measure brain structure and function relevant to adolescent development and addiction. This article provides an overview of the imaging procedures of the ABCD study, the basis for their selection and preliminary quality assurance and results that provide evidence for the feasibility and age-appropriateness of procedures and generalizability of findings to the existent literature.

Published
2018

41. Encouragement (Adler)

Author

Erguner-Tekinalp, Bengu, Watts, Richard E., Meehan, Kevin, Section editor, Zeigler-Hill, Virgil, editor, and Shackelford, Todd K., editor

Published
2020
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42. Sex and mental health are related to subcortical brain microstructure.

Author

Pecheva, Diliana, Smith, Diana M., Casey, B. J., Woodward, Lianne J., Dale, Anders M., Filippi, Christopher G., and Watts, Richard

Subjects
MENTAL illness, DIFFUSION magnetic resonance imaging, PSYCHIATRIC research, GRAY matter (Nerve tissue), SIZE of brain
Abstract

Some mental health problems such as depression and anxiety are more common in females, while others such as autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity (AD/H) are more common in males. However, the neurobiological origins of these sex differences are poorly understood. Animal studies have shown substantial sex differences in neuronal and glial cell structure, while human brain imaging studies have shown only small differences, which largely reflect overall body and brain size. Advanced diffusion MRI techniques can be used to examine intracellular, extracellular, and free water signal contributions and provide unique insights into microscopic cellular structure. However, the extent to which sex differences exist in these metrics of subcortical gray matter structures implicated in psychiatric disorders is not known. Here, we show large sex-related differences in microstructure in subcortical regions, including the hippocampus, thalamus, and nucleus accumbens in a large sample of young adults. Unlike conventional T1-weighted structural imaging, large sex differences remained after adjustment for age and brain volume. Further, diffusion metrics in the thalamus and amygdala were associated with depression, anxiety, AD/H, and antisocial personality problems. Diffusion MRI may provide mechanistic insights into the origin of sex differences in behavior and mental health over the life course and help to bridge the gap between findings from experimental, epidemiological, and clinical mental health research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Correction of respiratory artifacts in MRI head motion estimates

Author

Fair, Damien A., Miranda-Dominguez, Oscar, Snyder, Abraham Z., Perrone, Anders, Earl, Eric A., Van, Andrew N., Koller, Jonathan M., Feczko, Eric, Tisdall, M. Dylan, van der Kouwe, Andre, Klein, Rachel L., Mirro, Amy E., Hampton, Jacqueline M., Adeyemo, Babatunde, Laumann, Timothy O., Gratton, Caterina, Greene, Deanna J., Schlaggar, Bradley L., Hagler, Donald J., Jr., Watts, Richard, Garavan, Hugh, Barch, Deanna M., Nigg, Joel T., Petersen, Steven E., Dale, Anders M., Feldstein-Ewing, Sarah W., Nagel, Bonnie J., and Dosenbach, Nico U.F.

Published
2020
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46. Monte Carlo validation of optimal material discrimination using spectral x-ray imaging

Author

Nik, Syen J., Thing, Rune S., Watts, Richard, Dale, Tony, Currie, Bryn, and Meyer, Juergen

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

The validation of a previous work on the optimization of material discrimination in spectral x-ray imaging is reported. Using Monte Carlo simulations based on the BEAMnrc package, material decomposition was performed on the projection images of phantoms containing up to three materials. The simulated projection data was first decomposed into material basis images by minimizing the z-score between expected and simulated counts. Statistical analysis was performed for the pixels within the region-of-interest consisting of contrast material(s) in the BEAMnrc simulations. With the consideration of scattered radiation and a realistic scanning geometry, the theoretical optima of energy bin borders provided by the algorithm were shown to have an accuracy of $\pm$2 keV for the decomposition of 2 and 3 materials. Finally, the signal-to-noise ratio predicted by the theoretical model was also validated. The counts per pixel needed for achieving a specific imaging aim can therefore be estimated using the validated model.

Published
2014
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48. Image processing and analysis methods for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

Author

Hagler, Donald J., Jr., Hatton, SeanN., Cornejo, M. Daniela, Makowski, Carolina, Fair, Damien A., Dick, Anthony Steven, Sutherland, Matthew T., Casey, B.J., Barch, Deanna M., Harms, Michael P., Watts, Richard, Bjork, James M., Garavan, Hugh P., Hilmer, Laura, Pung, Christopher J., Sicat, Chelsea S., Kuperman, Joshua, Bartsch, Hauke, Xue, Feng, Heitzeg, Mary M., Laird, Angela R., Trinh, Thanh T., Gonzalez, Raul, Tapert, Susan F., Riedel, Michael C., Squeglia, Lindsay M., Hyde, Luke W., Rosenberg, Monica D., Earl, Eric A., Howlett, Katia D., Baker, Fiona C., Soules, Mary, Diaz, Jazmin, de Leon, Octavio Ruiz, Thompson, Wesley K., Neale, Michael C., Herting, Megan, Sowell, Elizabeth R., Alvarez, Ruben P., Hawes, Samuel W., Sanchez, Mariana, Bodurka, Jerzy, Breslin, Florence J., Morris, Amanda Sheffield, Paulus, Martin P., Simmons, W. Kyle, Polimeni, Jonathan R., van der Kouwe, Andre, Nencka, Andrew S., Gray, Kevin M., Pierpaoli, Carlo, Matochik, John A., Noronha, Antonio, Aklin, Will M., Conway, Kevin, Glantz, Meyer, Hoffman, Elizabeth, Little, Roger, Lopez, Marsha, Pariyadath, Vani, Weiss, Susan RB., Wolff-Hughes, Dana L., DelCarmen-Wiggins, Rebecca, Feldstein Ewing, Sarah W., Miranda-Dominguez, Oscar, Nagel, Bonnie J., Perrone, Anders J., Sturgeon, Darrick T., Goldstone, Aimee, Pfefferbaum, Adolf, Pohl, Kilian M., Prouty, Devin, Uban, Kristina, Bookheimer, Susan Y., Dapretto, Mirella, Galvan, Adriana, Bagot, Kara, Giedd, Jay, Infante, M. Alejandra, Jacobus, Joanna, Patrick, Kevin, Shilling, Paul D., Desikan, Rahul, Li, Yi, Sugrue, Leo, Banich, Marie T., Friedman, Naomi, Hewitt, John K., Hopfer, Christian, Sakai, Joseph, Tanabe, Jody, Cottler, Linda B., Nixon, Sara Jo, Chang, Linda, Cloak, Christine, Ernst, Thomas, Reeves, Gloria, Kennedy, David N., Heeringa, Steve, Peltier, Scott, Schulenberg, John, Sripada, Chandra, Zucker, Robert A., Iacono, William G., Luciana, Monica, Calabro, Finnegan J., Clark, Duncan B., Lewis, David A., Luna, Beatriz, Schirda, Claudiu, Brima, Tufikameni, Foxe, John J., Freedman, Edward G., Mruzek, Daniel W., Mason, Michael J., Huber, Rebekah, McGlade, Erin, Prescot, Andrew, Renshaw, Perry F., Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah A., Allgaier, Nicholas A., Dumas, Julie A., Ivanova, Masha, Potter, Alexandra, Florsheim, Paul, Larson, Christine, Lisdahl, Krista, Charness, Michael E., Fuemmeler, Bernard, Hettema, John M., Maes, Hermine H., Steinberg, Joel, Anokhin, Andrey P., Glaser, Paul, Heath, Andrew C., Madden, Pamela A., Baskin-Sommers, Arielle, Constable, R. Todd, Grant, Steven J., Dowling, Gayathri J., Brown, Sandra A., Jernigan, Terry L., and Dale, Anders M.

Published
2019
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