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Abstract Background Ureaplasma spp. can be classified into different serovars. It is unknown whether distinct serovars are associated with clinical signs and symptoms. Methods We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study. U. parvum serovars were identified on the basis of their multiple-banded antigen (MBA) genes. After adjusting for demographic variables and other reproductive tract infections, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to determine the impact of U. parvum serovars on clinical symptoms. Results Among 5,277 individuals, U. parvum serovars 3 and 6 were the most prevalent serovars (17.9% and 16.0%, respectively). Potential confounders, such as age, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, education level, contraceptive methods, number of sexual partners, gravidity, parity, and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that are associated with clinical symptoms (P

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of nurses’ job performance, to analyze the latent profile analysis of nurses’ job performance and their relationship with occupational coping self-efficacy, perceived social support and to explore the factors influencing the different profiles.MethodsFrom April to June 2024, 390 nurses from five general hospitals were facilitated to be selected as survey respondents using a general information questionnaire, job performance scale, occupational coping self-efficacy scale, and perceived social support scale. Latent profile analysis of nurses’ job performance were analyzed, and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing different categories of nurses’ job performance.Results390 nurses were finally included. Nurses job performance score was (45.05 ± 6.55). Nurses’ job performance could be categorized into three latent profile analysis: low job performance (13.9%), medium job performance (52.8%) and high job performance (33.3%). Logistic regression analysis showed that years of working experience, form of employment, perceived social support and occupational coping self-efficacy were the influencing factors of nurses’ job performance (all p

BackgroundMeaning in life is a crucial aspect of psychological well-being, often overlooked despite its clinical significance. This warrants further investigation, especially regarding its relationship with frailty and psychological resilience.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the status and relevance of frailty, psychological resilience, and meaning in life among older adults in Chinese nursing homes. Additionally, it explores the mediating role of psychological resilience between frailty and meaning in life, providing insights to improve the meaning in life for older adults in nursing homes.MethodsBetween August 2022 and November 2022, 302 older adults in Chinese nursing homes were selected using convenience sampling. The study utilized the Socio-demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Tilburg Frailty Indicator, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Source of Meaning Scale for Older Adults. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted, and SPSS 27.0 was employed for analyzing correlations between frailty, psychological resilience, and meaning in life. The mediating effect of psychological resilience was assessed using Model 4 in the Process plug-in.ResultsOlder adults in nursing homes exhibited a frailty total score of 4.00 (2.00, 5.00), with a prevalence of 28.5%. Psychological resilience scored 66.00 (51.75, 76.00), and meaning in life scored 149.00 (132.00, 158.25). Frailty showed a negative correlation with both meaning in life and psychological resilience, while meaning in life demonstrated a positive correlation with psychological resilience. Psychological resilience exhibited a partial mediating effect, accounting for 51.04% of the total effect between frailty and meaning in life.ConclusionFrailty incidence is high among older adults in nursing homes, with psychological resilience at a general level and meaning in life in the upper middle level. Psychological resilience plays a crucial role as a partial mediator between frailty and meaning in life. Timely assessment of frailty, targeted interventions, and improvements in psychological resilience are essential for enhancing the meaning in life and promoting successful aging.

Predicting optimal warfarin dosing is difficult due to complex pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, narrow therapeutic index and susceptibility to many factors.1 Genetic variations of the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 enzymes, occurring in different frequencies in different populations, play a significant role in determining warfarin dosing.1-4 Using pharmacogenetic dosing algorithms to predict warfarin doses may shorten the time to achieve target International Normalised Ratio (INR) and stable dose.2,5 The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines 2017 Update4 recommends the Gage (WarfarinDosing.org7) and International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium (IWPC)8 pharmacogenetic algorithms.

Abstract Background Early-onset pharyngeal airway collapse (PAC) in infants, which presents with onset within 6-months old is relatively rare. This disease has not been given enough attention in clinic. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical features, endoscopic findings and outcomes of early-onset PAC in infants. Methods The children of PAC with onset within 6-months old were included. A retrospective study was conducted. Results (1) Total 26 cases were included. The age of onset was neonatal period in 20 cases, 1 to 3-months old in 5 cases, and 4 to 6-months old in 1 case. (2) The main clinical manifestations were noisy breathing (26/26), suprasternal retraction (18/26), snoring (14/26) and hypoxic episode (13/26). (3) Based on the endoscopic findings, collapse at the retropalatal level was most common (24/26). (4) Twelve cases underwent pharyngolaryngeal CT examination, which revealed abnormal findings in 7 cases. (5) Fifteen cases were accompanied with the other airway malformations. (6) In the group with comorbidities of cerebral impairment or craniofacial abnormalities, 1 case was lost to follow up, 4 cases died, and 10 cases survived, in which 9 cases had neurodevelopmental disorders. In the group without comorbidities, 2 cases were lost to follow up, 9 cases survived, in which 1 case had neurodevelopmental disorders. The incidence of poor prognosis including death and neurodevelopmental disorders was significantly higher in the group with comorbidities than that without comorbidities (P

Aiming at the high energy consumption of coal fired units integrated with post-combustion CO2 capture systems, a carbon capture system integrated with membrane condenser based on the recovery potential of low-grade heat in flue gas by membrane condenser was proposed. Based on the chemical process simulation software Aspen plus and Tarong conventional carbon capture system as a reference, a comparative analysis was conducted on the changes in cold and hot load of carbon capture before and after the membrane condenser was used for process transformation, providing a basis for the design and operation of the device. When the carbon capture rate is 90%, the regeneration energy consumption of the new system is reduced to 4.275 MJ/kg CO2 compared with 4.341 MJ/kg CO2 of the conventional carbon capture system. Changing the key parameters of the new system, it is found that when the flue gas temperature and CO2 capture rate of the inlet and outlet of the membrane condenser are constant, the recovery rate of flue gas water increases and the regeneration energy consumption decreases. When the outlet flue gas temperature, flue gas water recovery rate and CO2 capture rate of membrane condenser are constant, the inlet flue gas temperature increases and the regeneration energy consumption decreases. In addition, the cooling load decreases with the increase of water recovery and increases with the increase of heat recovery.

ABSTRACTSpecific bacterial species have been found to play important roles in human vagina. Achieving high species-level resolution is vital for analyzing vaginal microbiota data. However, contradictory conclusions were yielded from different methodological studies. More comprehensive evaluation is needed for determining an optimal pipeline for vaginal microbiota. Based on the sequences of vaginal bacterial species downloaded from NCBI, we conducted simulated amplification with various primer sets targeting different 16S regions as well as taxonomic classification on the amplicons applying different combinations of algorithms (BLAST+, VSEARCH, and Sklearn) and reference databases (Greengenes2, SILVA, and RDP). Vaginal swabs were collected from participants with different vaginal microecology to construct 16S full-length sequenced mock communities. Both computational and experimental amplifications were performed on the mock samples. Classification accuracy of each pipeline was determined. Microbial profiles were compared between the full-length and partial 16S sequencing samples. The optimal pipeline was further validated in a multicenter cohort against the PCR results of common STI pathogens. Pipeline V1–V3_Sklearn_Combined had the highest accuracy for classifying the amplicons generated from both the NCBI downloaded data (84.20% ± 2.39%) and the full-length sequencing data (95.65% ± 3.04%). Vaginal samples amplified and sequenced targeting the V1–V3 region but merely employing the forward reads (223 bp) and classified using the optimal pipeline, resembled the mock communities the most. The pipeline demonstrated high F1-scores for detecting STI pathogens within the validation cohort. We have determined an optimal pipeline to achieve high species-level resolution for vaginal microbiota with short amplicons, which will facilitate future studies.IMPORTANCEFor vaginal microbiota studies, diverse 16S rRNA gene regions were applied for amplification and sequencing, which affect the comparability between different studies as well as the species-level resolution of taxonomic classification. We conducted comprehensive evaluation on the methods which influence the accuracy for the taxonomic classification and established an optimal pipeline to achieve high species-level resolution for vaginal microbiota with short amplicons, which will facilitate future studies.

Abstract Aim This study aimed to examine the differences in health status between patients with confirmed COVID‐19 and those suspected (other diagnosis) and to identify nursing diagnoses using a structured checklist from a hospital in China. Design Cross‐sectional study design was used. Methods One hundred sixty COVID‐19 confirmed, and suspected patients were conveniently selected. A structured survey and checklist were utilized. Independent t test and chi‐square test were employed to compare the mean between patients with confirmed coronavirus infection and others. A two‐sided p‐value of .05 or less is considered statistically significant. Results The study yielded a response rate of 93.6%. The result indicated that patients with confirmed coronavirus infection have a higher proportion of perceived General Health Status than inpatients with suspected (other) diagnoses. The finding also indicated that ineffective airway clearance, hyperthermia, imbalanced nutrition less than body requirement and sleep pattern disturbance were the main nursing diagnoses identified.

Plain Language Summary Our meta-analysis found that probiotics may play an active role in adjuvant treatment of bacterial vaginosis by conventional antibiotic therapy. It was emphasized that oral administration of L. rhamnose was more effective than vaginal application of L. rhamnose in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. The therapeutic effect of probiotics varies with the administration route and dosage of probiotics.

ObjectiveAnti-contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2)-related autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is more common in adults than in children. Clinical understanding of anti-CASPR2-antibody (Ab)-related AE, diagnosis and treatment standards are lacking in children. Therefore, this retrospective study on clinical symptoms and treatment outcomes in children with anti-CASPR2-Ab-related AE was conducted, to improve the clinical understanding of the disease, its diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThis study retrospectively assessed children with anti-CASPR2-Ab-related AE from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2022, in the Department of Neurology at Hunan Children’s Hospital. Data regarding demographics, clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations, electroencephalography (EEG), imaging, and curative were collected.ResultsThirteen patients were positive for serum anti-CASPR2-Ab (age at manifestation, 25 months to 13 years old; median, 8.1 years old; male-to-female ratio, 8/5). One patient (P1) had dual Abs, including anti-CASPR2 and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor Abs; his symptoms were more severe than those of children with anti-CASPR2 Abs alone. The clinical symptoms of the 13 patients with anti-CASPR2 Ab were movement disorders (9/13), consciousness disorders (9/13), abnormal demeanor (8/13), seizures (7/13), language disorders (6/13), fever (6/13), pain (4/13), involuntary exercise (4/13), poor diet (4/13), vomiting (3/13), sleep disorders (3/13), mood disorders (3/13), eczema/itching/redness (2/13), sweating (P8), urinary disorders (P13), and cognitive disorders (P9). No tumors were found in any patient. Additionally, EEG results of six patients were abnormal and imaging findings such as abnormal signals were found in 10 patients. Moreover, all except one patient recovered well after treatment; P1 with overlapping syndrome underwent recovery for more than 2 years. None of the patients who recovered have had a relapse.Discussion and conclusionAnti-CASPR2-Ab-related AE has several clinical manifestations. Anti-CASPR2-Ab levels were higher in male patients than in female patients. Moreover, related tumors are relatively rare. Most patients benefit from immunotherapy and have a lower chance of recurrence in the short term. Furthermore, different from patients who had anti-CASPR2-Ab AE alone, those with overlapping syndrome had a severe and complex condition requiring lengthy treatment and rehabilitation. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the long-term prognosis of these patients.

Cervical cancer is a global health concern. Persistent oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a prerequisite for the development of cervical cancer. Emerging research indicates that the vaginal microbiota may play both protective and harmful roles in the acquisition and persistence of HPV and the development of cervical cancer. This multicenter cohort study mainly aims to reveal the association of vaginal microbiota with the outcome of HPV infection in six months in women of reproductive age. We will recruit 50 research centers and enroll a total of about 10,000 female volunteers with a series of strict inclusion and exclusion criteria across China, including HPV positive and HPV negative women. A unified questionnaire will be used to obtain the sociodemographic information, clinical data and lifestyle of all volunteers. Specimens including vaginal secretions swabs and cervical exfoliated cells will be collected at the first visit and follow-up after six months. We will use 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the vaginal microbiota of volunteers’ vaginal swabs. Twenty-one HPV genotypes and other sexually transmitted pathogens, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Herpes simplex virus type Ⅱ will be examined using flow-through hybridization and gene chip. The association of HPV infection and vaginal microbiota will be investigated, and the core microbiota attributes to the persistent HPV infection will be analyzed in this study.

Abstract Vaginal microbiota-host interactions are linked to preterm birth (PTB), which continues to be the primary cause of global childhood mortality. Due to population size, the majority of PTB occurs in Asia, yet there have been few studies of the pregnancy vaginal microbiota in Asian populations. Here, we characterized the vaginal microbiome of 2689 pregnant Chinese women using metataxonomics and in a subset (n = 819), the relationship between vaginal microbiota composition, sialidase activity and leukocyte presence and pregnancy outcomes. Vaginal microbiota were most frequently dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus or L. iners, with the latter associated with vaginal leukocyte presence. Women with high sialidase activity were enriched for bacterial vaginosis-associated genera including Gardnerella, Atopobium and Prevotella. Vaginal microbiota composition, high sialidase activity and/or leukocyte presence was not associated with PTB risk suggesting underlying differences in the vaginal microbiota and/or host immune responses of Chinese women, possibly accounting for low PTB rates in this population.

Objective: In order to accurately and quickly discriminate cigarettes. Methods: After collecting the near-infrared spectra of different brands and reducing the interference factors through the spectral preprocessing method, the spectral pretreatment method, the population number of firefly algorithm （FA） and the number of iterations on the correct rate of cigarette classification were investigated by using firefly algorithm to optimize support vector machine （SVM） parameters. Results: The standard normal variable transformation （SNV） combined with the first derivative method （1D） was used for near-infrared spectroscopy preprocessing. Under the condition that the number of firefly populations was 20 and the number of iterations was 20, optimized support vector parameters could achieve better recognition. As a result, the classification accuracy rate of the training set was 100%, and the classification accuracy rate of the test set was between 96.67% and 100.00%. Conclusion: It shows that using near-infrared spectroscopy technology combined with FA algorithm to optimize SVM can achieve accurate identification of cigarette brands.

Stock price forecasting is an eye-catching research topic. In previous works, many researchers used a single method or combination of methods to make predictions. However, accurately predicting stock prices is very difficult. To improve the predicting precision, in this study, an innovative prediction approach was proposed by recurrent substitution of forecast error into the historical neural network model through three steps. According to the historical data, the initial predicted value of the next day is obtained through the neural network. Then, the prediction error of the next day is obtained through the neural network according to the historical prediction error. Finally, the initial predicted value and the prediction error are added to obtain the final predicted value of the next day. We use recurrent neural network prediction methods, such as Long Short-Term Memory Network Model and Gated Recurrent Unit, which are popular in the recent neural network study. In the simulations, the past stock prices of China from June 2010 to August 2017 are used as training data, and those from September 2017 to April 2018 are used as test data. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed method with forecast error gives a more accurate prediction result for the stock’s high price on the next day, which indicates that the performance of the proposed one is superior to that of the traditional models without forecast error.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Enteromorpha powder supplementation on reproduction-related hormones and genes in the late laying period of Zi geese. Methods A total of 312 (1-year-old) Zi geese with similar laying rate were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates each, each with 21 female geese and 5 male geese. The control group was fed with a basal diet and the test group was fed with a diet containing 3% Enteromorpha powder. The trial period lasted for 7 weeks. Results Our results showed that the laying rate was improved in the test group at each week of trial (p

Ceria-zirconia-alumina composite oxides CZxA (the molar ratios of Ce, Zr and Al are 1:x:2, x=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2) fresh samples were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The samples were thermally aged in a flowing air atmosphere and in 10% H2/Ar flow. The structure and performance of the composite oxides were studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), oxygen storage capacity (OSC) measurements, and H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results show that for CZxA samples, with the increase of the content of Zr, no CeAlO3 phase is observed in the CZ1.5A-H2-1100 and CZ2A-H2-1100 samples which are reductively aged at 1100 ℃; the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) is 713 μmol·g-1 and 548 μmol·g-1, respectively, far higher than the 23 μmol·g-1 of CZA-H2-1100; and the hydrogen consumption of H2-TPR is 1995 μmol·g-1 and 2087 μmol·g-1, respectively, while the hydrogen consumption of CZA-H2-1100 was significantly reduced to 310 μmol·g-1. The OSC of CZxA is affected by the formation of CeAlO3 during the reductive treatment, which is consistent with the change result of the hydrogen consumption of H2-TPR. It was found that CA samples are more likely to produce CeAlO3 after reductive treatment, and the CZ1.5A and CZ2A samples doped with a certain amount of Zr elements in CA can inhibit the formation of CeAlO3, thus significantly improve the oxygen storage performance and the hydrogen consumption of H2-TPR of the material. Furthermore, CZxA have better reduction performance at low temperature after reductive treatment.

Abstract Background Fatty liver is a high incidence of perinatal disease in dairy cows caused by negative energy balance, which seriously threatens the postpartum health and milk production. It has been reported that lysine acetylation plays an important role in substance and energy metabolism. Predictably, most metabolic processes in the liver, as a vital metabolic organ, are subjected to acetylation. Comparative acetylome study were used to quantify the hepatic tissues from the severe fatty liver group and normal group. Combined with bioinformatics analysis, this study provides new insights for the role of acetylation modification in fatty liver disease of dairy cows. Results We identified 1841 differential acetylation sites on 665 proteins. Among of them, 1072 sites on 393 proteins were quantified. Functional enrichment analysis shows that higher acetylated proteins are significantly enriched in energy metabolic pathways, while lower acetylated proteins are significantly enriched in pathways related to immune response, such as drug metabolism and cancer. Among significantly acetylated proteins, many mitochondrial proteins were identified to be interacting with multiple proteins and involving in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, this study identified potential important proteins, such as HADHA, ACAT1, and EHHADH, which may be important regulatory factors through modification of acetylation in the development of fatty liver disease in dairy cows and possible therapeutic targets for NAFLD in human beings. Conclusion This study provided a comprehensive acetylome profile of fatty liver of dairy cows, and revealed important biological pathways associated with protein acetylation occurred in mitochondria, which were involved in the regulation of the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. Furthermore, potential important proteins, such as HADHA, ACAT1, EHHADH, were predicted to be essential regulators during the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. The work would contribute to the understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and inspire in the development of new therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.

Neurodegenerative diseases are critical in the healthcare system as patients suffer from progressive diseases despite currently available drug management. Indeed, the growing ageing population will burden the country’s healthcare system and the caretakers. Thus, there is a need for new management that could stop or reverse the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells possess a remarkable regenerative potential that has long been investigated to resolve these issues. Some breakthroughs have been achieved thus far to replace the damaged brain cells; however, the procedure’s invasiveness has prompted scientists to investigate using stem-cell small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as a non-invasive cell-free therapy to address the limitations of cell therapy. With the advancement of technology to understand the molecular changes of neurodegenerative diseases, efforts have been made to enrich stem cells’ sEVs with miRNAs to increase the therapeutic efficacy of the sEVs. In this article, the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases is highlighted. The role of miRNAs from sEVs as biomarkers and treatments is also discussed. Lastly, the applications and delivery of stem cells and their miRNA-enriched sEVs for treating neurodegenerative diseases are emphasised and reviewed.

Currently, the etiology of preeclampsia (PE) has not been comprehensively clarified. Accumulating evidence indicated that gut microbiota is associated with the onset of PE. Herein, a systematic review was conducted to explore the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in PE patients compared with healthy controls (HCs). Publications were retrieved from Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus. Studies comparing the gut microbiota in PE patients to HCs using culture-independent methods were included. Independent quality assessment and data extraction was performed according to PRISMA statement and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). In total, six studies with an overall sample size of 416 ​PE patients and 704 ​HCs were included. In terms of alpha- and beta-diversity, consistent results reflecting the alteration of gut microbiota in PE patients. Furthermore, Fusobacterium and Ruminococcus enriched, while Lachnospira, Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium and Alistipes were depleted in PE. This systematic review demonstrates significant dysbiosis of gut microbiota in PE patients and confirms that that the possible correlations between gut microbiota dysbiosis and PE onset. However, heterogeneity in results was also identified, alluding more well-designed studies are warranted. Above all, these evidence demonstrates that the gut microbiota may be a potential treatment and prevention target for PE.

With the increasingly obvious trend of population aging, “how to provide for the elderly” has become a major problem faced by the government and the whole society. As one of the elderly care institutions in China, the community day care center for the elderly has received constant attention in recent years. By analyzing the psychological and physiological needs of the elderly in the indoor public activity space, this paper clarifies the basic design principles of the public activity space in the day care center and summarizes the public activity space strategies of the elderly in the day care center to create a safe and appropriate public activity space for the elderly.

A new method is proposed to solve the problem of finite-time synchronization transmission of signal in the current modulated semiconductor laser. Firstly, the characteristics of current modulated semiconductor laser are analyzed theoretically. Then, the unique sliding mode surface and sliding mode controller are designed to achieve the finite-time synchronization transmission of the target signal by using sliding mode control method. The results show that the technology can not only ensure that the current modulated semiconductor laser can complete the synchronization transmission of the target signal in a finite time, but also control the convergence speed of the sliding surface by simply adjusting the parameter in the sliding surface. In the meantime, the technology has no restrictions on the target signal.

Objective To investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of uterine seromuscular layer injuries early after ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids. Methods Between 2013 and 2017, a total of 671 women received high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of uterine fibroids in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and underwent MRI examinations both before and after the ablation. After screening for eligibility, 400 patients were enrolled in this study. Uterine seromuscular layer injuries following HIFU were defined as the presence of non-perfused area within 120 s after contrast medium injection on enhanced MRI images within 3 d after HIFU. The morphological features and extension of the injuries were analyzed in these patients. Results The uterine seromuscular layer without injuries showed intact circular enhancement on MRI, and injuries were manifested as local enhancement deficits. Of the 400 cases included in this analysis, 90 (22.50%) showed seromuscular layer injuries following HIFU, and the lesions ranged from 3.9 mm to 66.3 mm in size (mean 25.92±14.84 mm); the valume ablation rate was significantly higher in cases with seromuscular layer injuries than in cases without injuries [(86.91±17.78)% vs (80.93±16.25)%, P < 0.05]. The seromuscular layer injuries occurred most frequently in the anterior field of the acoustic pathway and occasionally in the proximal sacrum. The incidence of seromuscular layer injuries was significantly higher in cases of subserosal fibroids than in cases of intramural myoma (43.09% vs 14.18%, P < 0.05), and the size of lesions was greater in the former cases (26.8±15.5 vs 24.6±14.0 mm). No major complications occurred in these patients following the ablation. None of the 90 patients with seromuscular layer injuries had persistent vaginal bleeding, hematuria, or hematoplegia, and follow-up MRI at 3 and 6 months after HIFU showed complete enhancement of the seromuscular layer in all these cases. Conclusion Seromuscular layer injuries visible on MRI can occur early after ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids, and the injury sites locate often in the anterior field of the acoustic pathway but do not cause significant clinical adverse reactions.

Bioactive compounds extracted from natural renewable sources have attracted an increased interest from both industry and academia. Recently, algae have been highlighted as promising sources of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, fatty acids, proteins, and pigments, which can be used as functional ingredients in many industrial applications. Therefore, a simple green extraction and purification methodology capable of recovering biocompounds from algal biomass is of extreme importance in commercial production. In this study, we evaluated the application of three valuable algae (Colaconema formosanum, Sarcodia suae, and Nostoc commune) in combination with Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis (type strain ATCC 14393) for the production of versatile compounds. The results illustrate that after 6 h of first-stage fermentation, the production of phycobiliproteins in C. formosanum was significantly increased by 156.2%, 188.9%, and 254.17% for PE, PC, and APC, respectively. This indicates that the production of phycobiliproteins from algae can be enhanced by P. haloplanktis. Furthermore, we discovered that after S. suae and N. commune were fermented with P. haloplanktis, mannose was produced. In this study, we describe a feasible biorefinery process for the production of phycobiliproteins and mannose by fermenting marine macroalgae with cyanobacteria. We believe it is worth establishing a scale-up technique by applying this fermentation method to the production of phycobiliproteins and mannose in the future.

Ultraviolet (UV-C) irradiation is the most important part of water filtration, which has no side effects on the environment and has been used in water purification systems in the aquaculture and transistor industries. In this research, the effect of UV-C on Chlorella sp. was investigated. Chlorella sp. was irradiated 0, 1, 2 or 3 times at a fixed flow rate of 6.5 L min−1 and the effects of UV-C LED on the apoptosis rate and death rate of Chlorella sp. were analyzed by flow cytometry after staining cells with the nucleic acid dye SYTOX Green and the membrane-associated protein stain Annexin V-PE Reagent. As a result of UV-C irradiation, the Chlorella sp. cells underwent phosphatidylserine (PS) ectropion and plasma membrane damage, which resulted in death. The effect of UV-C was proportional to the number of times of irradiation. Three doses of UV-C LED irradiation resulted in a 91.76 ± 3.33% death rate, as observed through SYTOX Green staining, with no rebound within 72 h. This research is the first report to observe that delayed cellular apoptosis occurred in Chlorella sp., and we expect that our study can be used as a standard reference for future industrial applications.

To analyze the deformation characteristics and the change rule of flow stress of 2219 aluminum alloy at high temperatures and high strain rates,the dynamic as well as quasi-static tensile response of 2219 aluminum alloy were investigated by using split Hopkinson pressure test(SHPB) and universal test machine. The true stress-strain curves of 2219 aluminum alloy under different strain rates and temperatures were obtained. The results show that the temperature sensitivity of 2219 aluminum alloy is high and the flow stress decreases with the increase of temperature. When the strain rates are within the range of 1000-3000s-1, the change of flow stress is not obvious. The parameters fitted by the Johnson-Cook model can predict well the flow stress.

A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of periplocymarin in human blood and urine was developed. The digoxin-d3 was used as an internal standard. Periplocymarin and digoxin-d3 (IS) were processed with ethyl acetate by liquid-liquid extraction. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODSIII C18 column with a 7 min gradient elution using methanol-ammonium formate (5 mmol/L) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min (65:35, v/v). The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using positive-ion mode electrospray ionization in selected reaction monitoring mode. The periplocymarin was well separated from the internal standard. Two calibration curves were linear within the concentration range 0.01-1 μg/mL. The limit of detection and quantification of blood and urine samples were both estimated at 0.005 and 0.01 μg/mL. The interday and intraday precisions, accuracy, and recovery were assessed to verify this method. The results showed that the method was suitable for the determination of periplocymarin in forensic toxicological analysis and clinical diagnosis.