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Abstract The Southeast Indian Ocean is a global hotspot for marine heatwaves. In that region, marine heatwaves/cold-spells are known as Ningaloo Niño/Niña events, and have substantial impacts on regional climate anomalies and unique marine ecosystems. However, the strength of Ningaloo Niño/Niña events is nonstationary and varies considerably at multidecadal timescales. Here we find that the interdecadal fluctuations in Ningaloo Niño/Niña strength are modulated by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), with strengthened (weakened) Ningaloo Niño/Niña corresponding to a positive (negative) AMO phase. During the positive AMO phase, the Atlantic warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies drive a series of climate mean-state changes in the Indo-Pacific region through tropics-wide teleconnections, including SST cooling over the central Pacific and SST warming in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean. Those mean-state changes tend to enhance El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related atmospheric and oceanic teleconnections to the Southeast Indian Ocean, and increase local Indian Ocean ocean–atmosphere coupling, promoting the Ningaloo Niño/Niña growth. Our findings highlight the critical role of the remote influence of AMO in understanding the Southeast Indian Ocean marine heatwaves/cold-spells and associated climatic and socioeconomic impacts.

Abstract The concept of precatalyst is widely accepted in electrochemical water splitting, but the role of precatalyst activation and the resulted changes of electrolyte composition is often overlooked. Here, we elucidate the impact of potential-dependent changes for both precatalyst and electrolyte using Co2Mo3O8 as a model system. Potential-dependent reconstruction of Co2Mo3O8 precatalyst results in an electrochemically stable Co(OH)2@Co2Mo3O8 catalyst and additional Mo dissolved as MoO4 2− into electrolyte. The Co(OH)2/Co2Mo3O8 interface accelerates the Volmer reaction and negative potentials induced Mo2O7 2− (from MoO4 2−) further enhances proton adsorption and H2 desorption. Leveraging these insights, the well-designed MoO4 2−/Mo2O7 2− modified Co(OH)2@Co2Mo3O8 catalyst achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 99.9% and a yield of 1.85 mol h−1 at −0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for hydrogen generation. Moreover, it maintains stable over one month at approximately 100 mA cm−2, highlighting its industrial suitability. This work underscores the significance of understanding on precatalyst reconstruction and electrolyte evolution in catalyst design.

[Objective] At present, domestic and international research on high-altitude wind power generation technology has been carried out, mainly in the fields of operation control, mechanism analysis and system design, but no research results have been found in the field of high-altitude wind power station operation and maintenance. [Method] This paper proposed a design scheme of intelligent operation and maintenance assistance system for high-altitude wind power stations, which provided ideas for the future popularization and application of intelligent operation and maintenance technology in high-altitude wind power stations and the promotion of digital operation and maintenance construction. Based on the investigation of China's first demonstrative high-altitude wind power station with an umbrella-ladder combination system, the pain points of operation and maintenance at the present stage were analyzed, and a set of intelligent operation and maintenance assistance system was designed to solve the problems such as scattered monitoring and background in the station, various operating data forms, unsystematic equipment records and inconvenient tracing of fault maintenance history. [Result] Based on microservices, an intelligent operation and maintenance visualization platform for high-altitude wind power station is developed to realize centralized monitoring of power generation system equipment status, standardization of equipment records and maintenance ticket process, monitoring of operating environment safety, active identification of dangerous events and output alarm. [Conclusion] High-altitude wind power station is an emerging concept in energy sector. The design of its intelligent operation and maintenance platform should first focus on improving the centralized visualization degree of power station operation data, promoting the digital management mode of equipment and ensuring the safety of power station operation environment, so as to match the operation and maintenance requirements of power station in the initial stage. With the advance in the core control technology, equipment selection and manufacturing technology of high-altitude wind power generation system in the future, the intelligent operation and maintenance technology of high-altitude wind power station can be adapted to the progress, and further promote the rise of high-altitude wind power station.

Abstract Background Mixed granulocytic asthma (MGA) is usually associated with poor response to corticosteroid therapy and a high risk of severe asthma. Cathepsin S (CTSS) has been found to play an important role in various inflammatory diseases. This study was aimed to investigate the role of CTSS in MGA. Methods Induced sputum was obtained from healthy subjects and asthma patients. Two murine models of MGA were established using either TDI (toluene diisocyanate) alone or OVA emulsified in CFA. LY3000328, a specific antagonist of CTSS, was therapeutically given to BALB/c mice after airway challenge with TDI or OVA. The effects of recombinant CTSS was tested in vivo, and Akt inhibition was used to explore a possible mechanism for CTSS-induced airway inflammation. Results MGA patients have a significant higher sputum CTSS level than the health and subjects with other inflammatory phenotypes, which was positively correlated with sputum level of soluble E-cadherin (sE-cadherin), sputum neutrophils, FeNO, FEF25-75% and glucocorticoid dosage. Allergen exposure markedly increased CTSS level and pharmacological antagonism of CTSS with LY3000328 decreased airway hyperresponsiveness, airway neutrophil accumulation, as well as the release of IL-17 and sE-cadherin in murine models of MGA, yet had no effects on eosinophilic inflammation nor type 2 inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5). In addition, intratracheal instillation of recombinant CTSS leads to neutrophil recruitment and overproduction of sE-cadherin in the lung tissues, which could be attenuated by inhibition of Akt signaling. Conclusion Our data suggested that CTSS contributes to airway neutrophilic inflammation in MGA through an Akt-dependent pathway.

Abstract To achieve scalable universal quantum computing, we need to implement a universal set of logical gates fault-tolerantly, for which the main difficulty lies with non-Clifford gates. We demonstrate that several characteristic features of the reconfigurable atom array platform are inherently well-suited for addressing this key challenge, potentially leading to significant advantages in fidelity and efficiency. Specifically, we consider a series of different strategies, including magic state distillation, concatenated code array, and fault-tolerant logical multi-controlled-Z gates, leveraging key platform features such as nonlocal connectivity, parallel gate action, collective mobility, and native multi-controlled-Z gates. Our analysis provides valuable insights into the efficient experimental realization of logical gates, serving as a guide for the full-cycle demonstration of fault-tolerant quantum computation with reconfigurable atom arrays.

To investigate and elucidate the influencing factors and laws of double-roll coating ratio (CR) for papermaking reconstituted tobacco and to assess the effectiveness of CR in characterizing the finished product's hot water soluble (HWS) content, base sheet (BS) specimens of reconstituted tobacco with varying bone-dry basis weights and moisture contents were prepared. These sheets were then coated with different physical indices of coating liquids using a small double-roll coater at different sheet speeds. Subsequently, the CR and HWS content of the finished product were analyzed. The results showed that when the viscosity of the coating liquid was > 280 mPa·s, the moisture content of the BS should be maintained between 18% and 22%, and the speed of the BS should be > 120 m/min; when the viscosity of the coating liquid is < 280 mPa·s, the moisture content of the BS should be maintained between 14% and 18%, and the speed of the BS should be > 120 m/min, so that higher HWS can be obtained in finished products. The bone-dry basis weight of the BS should be kept between 40 and 60 g/m2. The suspension solid content of coating liquid should be

Abstract Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoantibody-triggered central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease that primarily affects the spinal cord, optic nerves and brainstem. Among the first responders to CNS injury, microglia are prominent players that drive NMOSD lesion formation. However, the key molecular switches controlling the detrimental activity of microglia in NMOSD are poorly understood. CD22 governs the activity of innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we investigated to what extent and by what mechanisms CD22 may modulate microglial activity, neuroinflammation and CNS lesion formation. Methods To determine the expression profile of CD22 in NMOSD, we performed single-cell sequencing and flow cytometry analysis of immune cells from human peripheral blood. We investigated the potential effects and mechanisms of CD22 blockade on microglial activity, leukocyte infiltration and CNS demyelination in a mouse model of NMOSD induced by injection of NMOSD patient serum-derived AQP4-IgG and human complement. Results Single-cell sequencing and flow cytometry analysis revealed that CD22 was expressed in B cells, neutrophils, monocytes and microglia-derived exosomes in human peripheral blood from NMOSD patients and controls (n = 5 per group). In a mouse model of NMOSD, CD22 was expressed in B cells, neutrophils, monocytes and microglia (n = 8 per group). In NMOSD mice, CD22 blockade significantly increased the number of CNS lesions, astrocyte loss and demyelination, accompanied by increased inflammatory activity and phagocytosis in microglia. Furthermore, the detrimental effects of CD22 blockade were significantly alleviated in NMOSD mice subjected to depletion of microglia or Gr-1+ myeloid cells, suggesting the involvement of microglia and peripheral Gr-1+ myeloid cells. Additionally, CD22 blockade also led to significantly reduced phosphorylation of SYK and GSK3β in NMOSD. Notably, the detrimental effects of CD22 blockade were greatly diminished in NMOSD mice receiving the phosphorylated SYK inhibitor R406. Conclusions Our findings revealed a previously unrecognized role of CD22 as a key molecular switch that governs the detrimental effects of microglia and Gr-1+ myeloid cells in NMOSD, which paves the way for the future design of immune therapies for NMOSD. Graphical abstract

Abstract The 2023–2024 El Niño has raised widespread concern in scientific and public communities. Here, using latest observational reanalysis, we show that this event matured with two distinct spatial peaks of sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific, respectively. Like other double-peaked El Niños, the central Pacific sea surface temperature peaked in winter due to zonal advective and thermocline feedbacks. However, the eastern counterpart matured asynchronously in autumn and then stopped growing. This peculiar behavior results primarily from a cooling zonal advection by the anomalous westward current in the eastern Pacific during the autumn of 2023, which is associated with the local wind-driven sea surface height meridional concavity. We further propose that the relatively stronger and more eastward-displaced autumn precipitation in the Pacific intertropical convergence zone in 2023, compared to other double-peaked El Niños, is the primary cause of this distinct wind and sea surface height pattern.

Abstract Pantropical climate interactions across ocean basins operate on a wide range of timescales and can improve the accuracy of climate predictions. Here, we show in observations that Central Pacific (CP) El Niño-like sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies have coevolved with tropical South Atlantic SST anomalies on a quasi-decadal (~10-year) timescale over the past seven decades. During the austral autumn–winter season, decadal warm SSTs in the tropical CP effectively induce tropical SST cooling in the South Atlantic, mainly by strengthening the South Atlantic subtropical anticyclone via an extratropical atmospheric wave teleconnection in the southern hemisphere. Partially coupled pacemaker simulations corroborate the observational findings, indicating that tropical CP decadal SSTs play a primary pacing role, while Atlantic feedback is of secondary importance throughout the study period. Our results suggest that the tropical CP could be an important source of decadal predictability for tropical South Atlantic SST and the surrounding climate.

Periodontal disease stands the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. While scaling and root planning is considered the “gold standard” treatment, it is often insufficient in efficiently eliminating anaerobic bacteria from deep periodontal pockets. In this work, an antibiotic-free and photo-curing hyaluronic acid-Janus (H-Janus) antibacterial pack was developed to inhibit the growth and colonization of residual bacteria within the pockets for reducing the recurrence of periodontitis. Our results demonstrated that a 4 wt% precursor solution of the antibacterial packs could be molded into various shapes by exposure to UV irradiation for less than 1 min, allowing the packs to seamlessly fill the irregular spaces of periodontal pockets. In vitro studies showed that the antibacterial packs gradually released lauric acid and oxygen over 7 days, exhibiting significant anti-biofilm effects against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Notably, animal experiments confirmed that H-Janus antibacterial packs markedly improved the clinical scores in rats with periodontitis by inhibiting bacterial growth, alleviating inflammation, and fostering the regeneration of periodontal tissues. In light of their precise elimination of bacterial colonization and modulation of the infectious microenvironment, the H-Janus antibacterial packs show promising therapeutic potential for preventing the recurrence of periodontal pathogens following scaling and root planning.

Abstract The boreal summer Atlantic Niño, the dominant mode of interannual climate variability in the equatorial Atlantic, exerts profound effects on local ecosystems and broader climate patterns, yet its prediction remains a long‐standing challenge. The short lifecycle of the Atlantic Niño and the lack of precursor signals beyond about one season lead time have hindered the development of forecasts with useful accuracy and lead time. In this study, we propose a new approach to Atlantic Niño forecasting that extends beyond the Atlantic region by incorporating longer‐lasting precursors in the Pacific associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation events. Using this prediction framework, we can hindcast the Atlantic Niño with skill up to three seasons in advance. Our results highlight the critical role of inter‐basin interactions in shaping regional and global climate patterns, and provide new hope for improving seasonal climate prediction capabilities in the tropical Atlantic.

Abstract The efficient removal of low‐concentration components from homologous mixtures is often hampered by the co‐directional effect of traditional thermodynamic regulation approaches, typically leading to a trade‐off between adsorption capacity and selectivity. Focusing this challenge on the critical task of purifying perfluorocarbons in electronics industry, a divergent regulation strategy is reported that significantly improves the separation efficiency of low‐concentration hexafluoroethane (C2F6) from tetrafluoromethane (CF4). This approach involves the selective shielding of open metal sites and the modulation of channel geometry within an electron‐deficient ligand‐based pore environment, thereby facilitating a C2F6 dense‐packing accommodation mode while weakening the CF4 affinity due to the reduced host‐guest interactions. Simultaneously enhanced C2F6 adsorption and reduced CF4 adsorption are achieved, resulting in record‐high low‐pressure C2F6 uptake and C2F6/CF4 selectivity. Comprehensive insights into the unique separation mechanism are illustrated through a combination of solid‐state MAS nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), molecular simulations, and meticulously designed comparative experiments. As a result, benchmark C2F6/CF4 separation performance is achieved, as demonstrated by the unprecedented electronic‐grade (over 99.999%) CF4 productivity (401 L kg−1) obtained from an industrially relevant C2F6/CF4 (3:97) mixture, as well as the excellent water/air/heat stability and recyclability.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an exogenous endocrine disruptor in the environmental context, garnering attention for its harmful effects on the nervous system function and behavior. Research indicates that being exposed to BPA may result in anxiety-like behavior and impairment in cognitive function. Enriched environment (EE) is beneficial to improve cognitive behavior, but whether EE can improve BPA-induced behavioral impairment is still unclear. This research explored the possible pathways through which EE alleviates anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment in mice exposed to BPA. Except for the control mice, all mice received BPA treatment. After BPA treatment, some mice were housed normally, some housed with EE, and some were given NMDA and AMPA receptor agonists. Our research revealed that exposure to BPA results in anxiety-like behavior in open field and elevated-plus maze experiments. Additionally, spatial and learning memory cognitive impairments were observed in Y-maze and water maze tests. Furthermore, exposure to BPA led to a decrease in both the density and maturity of dendritic spines, as well as a reduction in neurite length and branch numbers. PSD-95, GluA1, and NR2A expression were down-regulated, and excitatory synaptic transmission was decreased. However, EE treatment increased dendrite spine density and maturity, up-regulated PSD-95, GluA1and NR2A expression, enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission, and relieved anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment in BPA mice. Furthermore, administering NMDA or AMPA receptor agonists to BPA mice led to an increase in dendritic spine density and maturity, a rise in mEPSC amplitude, as well as a restoration of anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits induced by BPA. The findings of this study provide proof that EE has a neuroprotective effect in reducing anxiety-related behavior and cognitive decline caused by BPA.

In present study a method that enables users to dynamically insert the forest plot into a web page was presented. In this method, I created a Javascript module for generating and inserting a HTML table, including an entry function and two sub-functions. When the user applies it, copy these functions together with the table mark into the web page location where the forest plot is to be inserted. The web page will generate the forest plot by passing in parameters and calling the entry function in the user's own Javascript module. The full Javascript codes were given for free uses of web developers.

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials, as adsorbents, have garnered great attention in removing heavy metal ions (HMIs) from drinking water due to their extensive exposed adsorption sites. Nevertheless, there remains a paucity of experimental research to remarkably unlock their adsorption capabilities and fully elucidate their adsorption mechanisms. In this work, exceptional lead ion (Pb2+) (a common HMI) removal capacity (up to 758 mg g−1) is achieved using our synthesized metallic 1T/1T′ phase 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD, including MoS2, WS2, TaS2, and TiS2) nanosheets, which hold tremendous activated S chemisorption sites. The residual Pb2+ concentration can be reduced from 2 mg L−1 to 2 μg L−1 within 0.5 min, meeting the drinking water standards following World Health Organization guideline (Pb2+ concentrations

Abstract Introduction Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection, especially in children and older people. However, no effective treatment is currently available. Type I interferons (IFNs) are a group of cytokines that help regulate the activity of the immune system. GB05, human IFNα1b inhalation solution, was developed under US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standard guidelines to combat RSV infection. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation phase I trial evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of nebulized GB05. Methods A total of 35 eligible healthy Chinese adult volunteers were enrolled in this study. In the single ascending dose (SAD) study, volunteers were randomized into 0.2, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 million IU of GB05 or placebo. In the multiple ascending dose (MAD) study, volunteers received 1.2 or 1.8 million IU of GB05 or placebo for four consecutive days. Safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and plasma pharmacokinetics were assessed for all groups. Results All adverse events were mild or moderate and resolved spontaneously. The most common adverse event was decreased white blood cell count (8.6% in SAD and 10% in MAD). No serious adverse events, deaths, or adverse events that reached the termination criteria occurred during the study. In SAD, the maximum concentration and area under the curve increased across the dose range of 1.2–1.8 million IU in a non-linear relationship. The maximum plasma concentration after GB05 nebulization (1.06 IU/ml in the 1.8 million IU group) reflected a low concentration in the blood, suggesting a better lung uptake of GB05 and reduced incidence or risks of adverse events. In MAD, a steady state was reached after continuous administrations of twice daily for 3 days. Conclusions Overall, nebulized GB05 exhibited satisfactory safety, tolerability, and favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles in healthy adult volunteers, supporting further clinical investigation in patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT06277167.

Abstract Lesion segmentation is a fundamental task in medical image processing, often facing the challenge of subtle lesions. It is important to detect these lesions, even though they can be difficult to identify. Convolutional neural networks, an effective method in medical image processing, often ignore the relationship between lesions, leading to topological errors during training. To tackle topological errors, move is made from pixel‐level to hypergraph representations. Hypergraphs can model lesions as vertices connected by hyperedges, capturing the topology between lesions. This paper introduces a novel dynamic hypergraph learning strategy called DHLS. DHLS allows for the dynamic construction of hypergraphs contingent upon input vertex variations. A hypergraph global‐aware segmentation network, termed HGSNet, is further proposed. HGSNet can capture the key high‐order structure information, which is able to enhance global topology expression. Additionally, a composite loss function is introduced. The function emphasizes the global aspect and the boundary of segmentation regions. The experimental setup compared HGSNet with other advanced models on medical image datasets from various organs. The results demonstrate that HGSNet outperforms other models and achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on three public datasets.

Real-time non-line-of-sight imaging is crucial for practical applications. Among existing methods, transient methods present the best visual reconstruction ability. However, most transient methods require a long acquisition time, thus failing to deal with real-time imaging tasks. Here, we provide a dual optical coupling model to describe the spatiotemporal propagation of photons in free space, then propose an efficient non-confocal transformation algorithm and establish a non-confocal time-to-space boundary migration model. Based on these, a scan-free boundary migration method is proposed. The data acquisition speed of the method can reach 151 fps, which is ∼7 times faster than the current fastest data acquisition method, while the overall imaging speed can also reach 19 fps. The background stability brought by fast scan-free acquisition makes the method suitable for dynamic scenes. In addition, the high robustness of the model to noise makes the method have the capability of non-line-of-sight imaging in outdoor environments during the daytime. To further enhance the practicality of this method in real-world scenarios, we exploit the statistical prior and propose a plug-in-and-play super-resolution method to extract higher spatial resolution signals, reducing the detector array requirement from 32 × 32 to 8 × 8 without compromising imaging quality, thus reducing the device expense of detectors.

The flavor profiles of cherries cultivated in greenhouse and those grown in open fields show significant variations, however, the underlying flavor-contributing factors remain unidentified. Hence, a joint investigation with widely targeted metabolomics analysis, volatile fingerprint analysis, and descriptive sensory analysis for the Russia 8 and Tieton cherry cultivars was conducted using UPLC-MS/MS and GC × GC-TOFMS to clarify the flavor differences of open-air and greenhouse-grown cherries. The study found that open-air cultivation could lead to the accumulation of non-volatile flavor substances and prompted appearance of higher acidity, astringency, plum-like flavor, and fresh herb notes; most of differential metabolites were significantly positively correlated with astringency, plum-like flavor and bitterness. Through correlation analysis and path analysis, potential flavor components and key important pathways contributing to flavor disparities were provided, and light intensity, soil moisture content, temperature and humidity were inferred as the main factors affecting the flavor profiles of open-air and greenhouse-grown cherries.

BackgroundUnilateral pulmonary artery discontinuity (UPAD) is a rare fetal abnormality, for which a prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis remains challenging. We report a case of left pulmonary artery discontinuity in association with Taussig–Bing syndrome, which has rarely been reported in the literature thus far.Case presentationA pregnant woman with a fetus with congenital heart disease (CHD) at 23 weeks gestation was referred to our center. She denied any familial history of genetic disorders in either spouse, and non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) also showed a low risk of CHD for the fetus. An ultrasound examination revealed a complex cardiac malformation indicative of left pulmonary artery discontinuity originating from the ductus arteriosus with Taussig–Bing syndrome. The family eventually chose to terminate the pregnancy and agreed to an autopsy, which confirmed that the prenatal echocardiographic diagnosis was correct. In addition, in this report, we review and analyze 17 reported cases of prenatal echocardiographic diagnoses of UPAD.ConclusionsUPAD is characterized by discontinuity between the proximal and distal pulmonary arteries, along with a ductal origin of the distal pulmonary artery. A discontinuous pulmonary artery originating from the ductus can be detected on prenatal sonography using ultrasound technology. The aim is to detect malformations earlier and carry out the necessary intervention measures as soon as possible.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with a high mortality rate. Pathologically, renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI) is one of the primary causes of AKI, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α may play a defensive role in RIRI. This study assessed the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-mediated mitophagy in protection against RIRI in vitro and in vivo. The human tubular cell line HK-2 was used to assess hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced mitophagy through different in vitro assays, including western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement. Additionally, a rat RIRI model was established for evaluation by renal histopathology, renal Doppler ultrasound, and transmission electron microscopy to confirm the in vitro data. The selective HIF-1α inhibitor LW6 reduced H/R-induced mitophagy but increased H/R-induced apoptosis and ROS production. Moreover, H/R treatment enhanced expression of the FUN14 domain-containing 1 (FUNDC1) protein. Additionally, FUNDC1 overexpression reversed the effects of LW6 on the altered expression of light chain 3 (LC3) BII and voltage-dependent anion channels as well as blocked the effects of HIF-1α inhibition in cells. Pretreatment of the rat RIRI model with roxadustat, a novel oral HIF-1α inhibitor, led to decreased renal injury and apoptosis in vivo. In conclusion, the HIF-1α/FUNDC1 signaling pathway mediates H/R-promoted renal tubular cell mitophagy, whereas inhibition of this signaling pathway protects cells from mitophagy, thus aggravating apoptosis, and ROS production. Accordingly, roxadustat may protect against RIRI-related AKI.

Abstract Atomically dispersed single‐atom catalysts (SACs) on carbon supports show great promise for H2O2 electrosynthesis, but conventional wet chemistry methods using particulate carbon blacks in powder form have limited their potential as two‐electron (2e−) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Here, we demonstrate high‐performance Co SACs supported on a free‐standing aligned carbon nanofiber (CNF) using electrospinning and arc plasma deposition (APD). Based on the surface oxidation treatment of aligned CNF and precise control of the deposition amount in a dry‐based APD process, we successfully form densely populated Co SACs on aligned CNF. Through experimental analyses and density functional theory calculations, we reveal that Co SAC has a Co–N2–O2 moiety with one epoxy group, leading to excellent 2e− ORR activity. Furthermore, the aligned CNF significantly improves mass transfer in flow cells compared to randomly oriented CNF, showing an overpotential reduction of 30 mV and a 1.3‐fold improvement (84.5%) in Faradaic efficiency, and finally achieves an outstanding production rate of 15.75 mol gcat−1 h−1 at 300 mA cm−2. The high‐performance Co SAC supported on well‐aligned CNF is also applied in an electro‐Fenton process, demonstrating rapid removal of methylene blue and bisphenol F due to its exceptional 2e− ORR activity.

BackgroundCerebral syphilitic gumma (CSG), a rare manifestation of neurosyphilis, presents characteristics akin to intracranial tumors, often leading to clinical misdiagnosis.ObjectiveThis study aimed to summarize the clinical experience in diagnosing and treating CSG.Materials and methodsThe present study conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data, encompassing the baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of eight patients with CSG who were treated and diagnosed by our institution.ResultsThe median age at the initial diagnosis was 57.5 years, comprising six males and two females. The predominant clinical manifestations included headaches in eight cases, motor and sensory disorders in four cases, epileptic seizures in one case, and dysarthria in one patient. The serum Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) and toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) yielded positive in all eight patients. The contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed irregular ring-shaped enhancement of lesions in three patients, while nodular enhancement of lesions was observed in five patients. In terms of treatment, seven patients underwent surgery. The postoperative pathological tissue showed granulomatous inflammation. Six patients exhibited an elevated protein concentration in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), while two patients demonstrated a reduced CSF glucose level. Additionally, positive results were obtained for both CSF TPHA and TRUST in all eight patients. The clinical diagnosis of CSG was confirmed in eight patients who exhibited notable clinical improvement following penicillin treatment. Subsequent reevaluation of the imaging findings demonstrated complete resolution of the enhanced lesions.ConclusionIn clinical practice, CSG should be considered for patients with intracranial lesions and positive serum syphilis antibodies. Timely and accurate diagnosis enables patients with CSG to achieve a more favorable prognosis through active anti-syphilis treatment.

Extracting the precise parameters of photovoltaic (PV) cells has become very important for simulation, evaluation, control, and optimization of PV systems. However, it is still a challenging task to accurately and reliably extract the parameters of PV cells. To solve this difficult problem, in this paper, a new meta-heuristic algorithm called Gaussian bare-bone imperialist competitive algorithm with opposition-based learning (OBL-GBBICA) is proposed to extract the parameters of PV cells. To strengthen the exploring ability and speed up the convergence, opposition-based learning (OBL) is introduced into an imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) for two considerations. First, OBL is adopted in the population initialization to produce a high-quality population. Second, the OBL is introduced into the assimilation step to guide ICA to explore more promising regions. The above improvements not only speed up the convergence of ICA but also enhance its searchability, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy and reliability of identification results. Experimental results show that OBL-GBBICA exhibits great superiority in extracting the PV cells parameters, compared with other methods in the literature.

To improve the efficiency of photovoltaic systems, it is essential to obtain the parameters of photovoltaic cells through an identification process. However, due to the nonlinear and multimodal characteristics, accurately and reliably identifying the parameters of photovoltaic cells still remains a challenging task. In this paper, a hybrid of the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), ICA-PSO, is proposed to effectively identify the parameters of photovoltaic cells. The position updating strategy of PSO is adopted to replace the colony’s position updating strategy in the ICA. The hybrid algorithm ICA-PSO integrates the multi-swarm search characteristic and the powerful exploration ability of PSO together, leading to an enhanced optimization performance. Experimental results of applying ICA-PSO to parameter identification of photovoltaic cells show that ICA-PSO can extract the parameters of photovoltaic cells with higher accuracy and reliability, thus outperforming many other methods presented in the literature.

In this article, a standalone executable software molVisual3D, for 3D visualization of molecules was developed. It uses the XYZ file of a molecule to generate its 3D graphics. Some parameters can be specified by the user. In the generated 3D graphics window, the user can right- or left-click mouse to zoom in or zoom out the 3D graphics, or mouse-drag the graphics to rotate the 3D graphics, or slide scrollbar to vertically or horizontally translate the 3D graphics. The 3D graphics can be saved into an image file (in BMP format). Both molVisual3D and demonstration data files were given.

Dependent upon the statistical significance p-value and statistical power, the sample size estimation is widely used in various experimental sciences. Nevertheless, the p-value based paradigm, which has resulted in numerous fake conclusions that originate partly from insufficient sample sizes, has been widely criticized in recent years for serious problems. Therefore, I developed a platform-independent computational tool, SampSizeCal, for sample sizes in the paradigm of new statistics. In this tool, both default p-values and the maximum p-values were greatly enhanced, which will lead to the reasonable increase of sample sizes. The computational tool harbors more than 120 sample size methods for experimental designs. SampSizeCal includes both online and offline versions, and can be used for various computing devices (PCs, iPads, smartphones, etc.), operating systems (Windows, Mac, Android, Harmony, etc.) and web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Sougo, 360, etc). It is currently the most comprehensive platform-independent computational tool for sample sizes, and can be used in experimental sciences such as medicine (clinical medicine, experimental zoology, public health, pharmacy, etc.), biology, ecology, agronomy, psychology and engineering technology.

Meta-analysis is a statistical method used in systematic review to quantitatively integrate the results of multiple related studies to obtain a pooled result that can represent these studies. Meta-analysis overcomes the limitations of traditional reviews that only conduct qualitative research. In present study, I developed a platform-independent computational tool for meta-analysis. It is a comprehensive tool consisting of a full set of meta-analysis methodology, including the methods for fixed-effects model and random-effects model and the methods for heterogenetity testing in which the effect size tests based heterogeneity testing were proposed. Effect size tests of difference significance for post meta-analysis were also presented. The computational tool is a web browser based meta-analyzer that includes both online and offline versions and can be used on various computing devices (PCs, iPads, smartphones, etc.), operating systems (Windows, Mac, Android, Harmony, etc.) and web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, etc). It can be used in various sciences as medicine, biology, ecology, psychology, sociology, economy, physics and chemistry etc.

The comparison of structural difference between biological communities and the evenness or diversity test of biological communities are always the focus in community studies. In present study, two computational tools were developed to conduct non-parametric statistical tests of between-community structural difference, among which a tool is for multi-samples comparison and the other is for single-sample comparison. Various distance measures are available for user’s choice. Two computational tools were developed to test community evenness and one tool was based on the randomization test proposed in present study and the other was based on Ewens-Caswell neutrality model. The computational tools include both online and offline versions and can be used on various computing devices (PCs, iPads, smartphones, etc.), operating systems (Windows, Mac, Android, Harmony, etc.) and web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, etc). They can be used in the sciences as ecology and biology, etc.

Highlights High-quality large-area perovskite films are prepared using a solid–liquid two-step film formation method combined with CsBr modification for the buried interface and Urea additive for perovskite crystallization. The inverted perovskite solar modules’ performance is enhanced to 20.56% in 61.56 cm2 with improved stability.

As a mining country, China faces enormous challenges in the context of the global commitment to achieve carbon neutrality. In order to achieve this goal, the Chinese government is actively promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of the energy system. Consequently, an increasing number of mines with poor production capacity and depleted resources are being closed down or eliminated, leading to a large quantity of stranded land resources that are now idle. However, in the process of rapid economic development, China is facing serious problems, such as land shortage and land use conflicts. Abandoned mining land (AML), as a kind of reserve land resource, has an important regulating role in solving the dilemma of land resource tension faced by national land spatial planning. In order to realize the rational planning and utilization of AML, this study proposes a high-precision AML planning model and simulates the planning of AML in multiple policy scenarios, using Ningbo City as an example. The results show that AML has great economic and ecological potential; the economic development scenario (EDS) enhanced the economic benefits of the mine region by 396%, and the ecological protection scenario (EPS) enhanced the ecological benefits of the mine region by 74.61%, when compared with the baseline scenario (BAU). The overall level of optimization is as follows: EDS > EPS > BAU. In addition, the optimal utilization of AML in all three scenarios significantly enhanced the ecological quality of the mining region, and the enhancement effect was EPS > BAU > EDS. Therefore, AML, as a kind of free land resource, has an important supporting effect for the spatial planning of the national territory. Furthermore, it is of great significance to scientifically and reasonably guide the optimal utilization of AML, according to the policy planning for future development, in order to achieve efficient economic development and improve the quality of the ecological environment.

Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) tropical race 4 (TR4), poses a severe threat to the global banana industry. The screening of endophytic fungi from the mangrove plant led to the identification of Medicopsis sp. SCSIO 40440, which exhibited potent antifungal activity against Fusarium. The further fraction of the extract yielded ten compounds, including MK8383 (1) and nine new analogues, MK8383s B-J (2–10). The structures of 1–10 were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro antifungal assays revealed that 1 showed strongly antifungal activities against Foc TR4, with an EC50 of 0.28 μg/mL, surpassing nystatin and hygromycin B (32 and 16 μg/mL, respectively). Pot experiments showed that 1 or spores of SCSIO 40440 could significantly reduce the virulence of Foc TR4 on Cavendish banana.

Key Clinical Message Cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis represents a prevalent disease. At present, regarding the management of the common bile duct (CBD), T‐tube drainage (TTD) and primary duct closure (PDC) emerge as two prominent approaches for biliary tract repair after laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE). Here, retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical records of 157 patients who underwent LCBDE at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2022. All patients were categorized into the PDC group or the TTD group based on the chosen CBD treatment approach. A comparative assessment was made across demographic factors, preoperative conditions, surgical particulars, and postoperative complications. The results showed that PDC is recommended for patients with a limited number of small stones, particularly when the CBD is in the 10–15 mm diameter range.

Abstract Metallic phthalocyanines are promising electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, their catalytic activity and stability (especially under high potential) are still unsatisfactory. Herein, we synthesized a covalent organic polymer (COP‐CoPc) by introducing charge‐switchable viologen ligands into cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc). The COP‐CoPc exhibits great activity for CO2RR, including a high Faradaic efficiency over a wide potential window and the highest CO partial current density among all ligand‐tuned phthalocyanine catalysts reported in the H‐type cell. Particularly, COP‐CoPc also shows great potential for practical applications, for example, a FECO of >95% is realized at a large current density of 150 mA/cm2 in a two‐electrode membrane electrode assembly reactor. Ex situ and in situ X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy measurements and theory calculations reveal that when the charge‐switchable viologen ligands switch to neutral‐state ones, they can act as electron donors to enrich the electron density of Co centers in COP‐CoPc and enhance the desorption of *CO, thus improving the CO selectivity. Moreover, the excellent reversible redox capability of viologen ligands and the increased Co–N bonding strength in the Co–N4 sites enable COP‐CoPc to possess outstanding stability under elevated potentials and currents, enriching the knowledge of charge‐switchable ligands tailored CO2RR performance.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of systemic diseases caused by a combination of many factors, including genetics, environment, and immunity. AAV is characterized by predominantly small-vessel involvement and has a variety of clinical manifestations. Small-vessel lesions of the kidneys and lungs are common, and lesions of medium-sized arteries may also present, but the involvement of large arteries and their primary branches is very rare. This report delineates two instances of AAV with large arterial involvement, one case presenting with lesions of the aortic valve and the other with lesions of the pulmonary artery. The first case involved a 57-year-old man with no underlying diseases. Transthoracic echocardiography showed thickening of the left and right coronary valves of the aortic valve with enhanced echogenicity, moderate echogenic masses were seen on both valve leaflets, and the leaflets had restricted opening and poor closure. Blood tests showed positive perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) and anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies. The patient's aortic valve thickening virtually disappeared after treatment with hormones combined with immunosuppressive agents. The second case involved a 60-year-old woman whose transthoracic echocardiography and CT (computed tomography) angiography of the pulmonary arteries showed wall thickening of the main pulmonary artery and the proximal left and right pulmonary arteries, leading to luminal stenosis. Blood tests showed positive cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA) and anti-proteinase 3 (PR 3) antibodies. The patient's pulmonary artery wall thickening reduced after receiving hormones in combination with immunosuppression but she died of heart failure during subsequent treatment. The patient had been diagnosed with tuberculosis six months earlier and had been poorly treated with anti-tuberculosis therapy. The involvement of large arteries in AAV is a rare and critical condition with rapid progression and a high mortality rate. Early recognition of this type of AAV and aggressive immunosuppressive therapy may facilitate the reversal of the vascular lesion and a reduction in the risk of patient death.

Objectives: Due to the complexity and importance of oral bone structure, oral bone regeneration materials differ from those used in other parts of the body. To study the research trends and hotspots of oral bone regeneration materials, this paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of related papers from 1991 to 2023 (retrieved on 27 September 2023).Materials and methods: Using bibliometric methods, two visualization metric software, Citespace and VOSviewer, were used to analyze 1217 papers in SCIE, including paper analysis, author analysis, country and institution analysis, keyword analysis, and cited literature analysis.Results: ① The number of papers is generally increasing and gradually stabilizing; ② Buser D is the most influential author, while Jung, Ronald E has the highest number of papers and total citations; ③ The United States has the highest number of papers and citation frequency. The University of Bern and the University of Zurich in Switzerland are not only the institutions with the most papers, but also the institutions with the most collaborations with other institutions. ④ Many research directions have persisted for decades since their inception. The field of oral bone; regeneration materials is constantly developing and improving. In recent years, the research direction in this field may mainly focus on the role of blood cells and proteins in bone regeneration. ⑤ In recent years, the types of cited literature mainly include barrier membranes, alveolar ridge augmentation, bone graft materials, histological examination, and in vivo animal experimental models.Conclusion: The United States and Switzerland have a significant influence in the field of oral bone regeneration materials. The research hotspot in recent years is mainly on tissue engineering materials. However, traditional materials still occupy a large proportion in clinical treatment or research. In addition, the combined use of new and old materials has gradually become one of the research hotspots in this field.

An executable Java software, netGen, for visualizing networks was developed in present study. An interactive network can be visualized from the specified text or csv data file by using netGen. netGen is useful to visualize both undirected and directed networks. Both netGen and demonstration data files are given.

Based on the statistical significance testing, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is one of the most popular statistics widely used in experimental sciences. However, in recent years, the statistical significance testing has been widely criticized for its various shortcomings. To address this problem, in present article we developed the new ANOVA methodology in the paradigm of new statistics. In this methodology, effect size testing is added to six most used ANOVA methods and the finer p-value standardard is used in the statistical significance testing of eight ANOVA methods. Both online and offline computational tools are developed for free use.

Based on the previous web tool, I developed a Matlab software, netVisual, for generating a HTML file from which the user-interface interactive network can be visualized in the web browsers. In the network, the user can mouse-press any node to drag the network, to examine network topology, and to evaluate node centrality, etc. It can be freely used and run on popular web browsers as Chrome, etc. Both netVisual and demonstration data files are given.

Several digital timers and clocks for desktop computers were developed in present study. Digital timers are used for time control in scientific experiments, dissertation defensing, work debriefing, academic lecture, student teaching, etc. Digital timer-counter and clocks are used for field sampling, field observation, ecological experiments, etc. All digital timers and clocks were packed and can be freely downloaded.

Highlights A novel aqueous/aprotic electrolyte with low salt concentration (i.e., 0.5 m Zn(CF3SO3)2+1 m LiTFSI) demonstrated an expanded electrochemical window, which can simultaneously stabilize Zn metal anode and increase the operation voltage of Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors. The coordination shell of the electrolyte induced by acetonitrile and LiTFSI can not only suppress the Zn corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction but also promote the cathodic stability and ion migration, which is depicted by the density functional theory simulations together with experimental characterizations. The Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor based on the developed electrolyte can operate within 0–2.2 V in a wide temperature range with an ultra-long lifespan (> 120,000 cycles).

Abstract Background Patient satisfaction is an important outcome domain of patient-centered care. Medical humanization follows the patient-centered principle and provides a more holistic view to treat patients. The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant barriers to maintaining medical humanization. However, empirical study on the relationship between medical humanization and patient satisfaction is clearly absent. Objectives We examined the mediation effects of communication on the relationship between medical humanization and patient satisfaction when faced with a huge public health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, and the moderation effect of medical institutional trust on the mediation models. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was performed. A final sample size of 1445 patients was surveyed on medical humanization, communication, patient satisfaction and medical institutional trust. Results All correlations were significantly positive across the main variables (r = 0.35–0.67, p

Abstract Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiopulmonary disease characterized by complement dependent and proinflammatory activation of macrophages. However, effective treatment for complement activation in PAH is lacking. We aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of CP40-KK (a newly identified analog of selective complement C3 inhibitor CP40) in the PAH model. Methods We used western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining of lung tissues from the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced rat PAH model to study macrophage infiltration, NLPR3 inflammasome activation, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) release. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), ELISA, and CH50 assays were used to test the affinity between CP40-KK and rat/human complement C3. CP40-KK group rats only received CP40-KK (2 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection at day 15 to day 28 continuously. Results C3a was significantly upregulated in the plasma of MCT-treated rats. SPR, ELISA, and CH50 assays revealed that CP40-KK displayed similar affinity binding to human and rat complement C3. Pharmacological inhibition of complement C3 cleavage (CP40-KK) could ameliorate MCT-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activity, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Mechanistically, increased proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells is closely associated with macrophage infiltration, NLPR3 inflammasome activation, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) release. Besides, C3a enhanced IL-1β activity in macrophages and promoted pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro. Conclusion Our findings suggest that CP40-KK treatment was protective in the MCT-induced rat PAH model, which might serve as a therapeutic option for PAH.

The Daguangbao landslide (DGBL), triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, is a rare instance of super-giant landslides globally. The post-earthquake evolution of the DGBL has garnered significant attention in recent years; however, its deformation patterns remain poorly characterized owing to the complex local topography. In this study, we present the first observations of the surface dynamics of DGBL by integrating satellite- and ground-based InSAR data complemented by kinematic interpretation using a LiDAR-derived Digital Surface Model (DSM). The results indicate that the maximum line-of-sight (LOS) displacement velocity obtained from satellite InSAR is approximately 80.9 mm/year between 1 January 2021, and 30 December 2023, with downslope displacement velocities ranging from −60.5 mm/year to 69.5 mm/year. Ground-based SAR (GB-SAR) enhances satellite observations by detecting localized apparent deformation at the rear edge of the landslide, with LOS displacement velocities reaching up to 1.5 mm/h. Our analysis suggests that steep and rugged terrain, combined with fragile and densely jointed lithology, are the primary factors contributing to the ongoing deformation of the landslide. The findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of combining satellite- and ground-based InSAR systems, highlighting their complementary role in interpreting complex landslide deformations.

Amid escalating challenges from global climate change and increasing environmental degradation, agricultural systems worldwide face a multitude of abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, elevated temperatures, heavy metal pollution, and flooding. These factors critically impair crop productivity and yield. Simultaneously, biotic pressures such as pathogen invasions intensify the vulnerability of agricultural outputs. At the heart of mitigating these challenges, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AM fungi) form a crucial symbiotic relationship with most terrestrial plants, significantly enhancing their stress resilience. AM fungi improve nutrient uptake, particularly that of nitrogen and phosphorus, through their extensive mycelial networks. Additionally, they enhance soil structure, increase water use efficiency, and strengthen antioxidant defense mechanisms, particularly in environments stressed by drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, heavy metal contamination, and flooding. Beyond mitigating abiotic stress, AM fungi bolster plant defenses against pathogens and pests by competing for colonization sites and enhancing plant immune responses. They also facilitate plant adaptation to extreme environmental conditions by altering root morphology, modulating gene expression, and promoting the accumulation of osmotic adjustment compounds. This review discusses the role of AM fungi in enhancing plant growth and performance under environmental stress.

Accurate polyp image segmentation is of great significance, because it can help in the detection of polyps. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a common automatic segmentation method, but its main disadvantage is the long training time. Transformer is another method that can be adapted to the automatic segmentation method by employing a self-attention mechanism, which essentially assigns different importance weights to each piece of information, thus achieving high computational efficiency during segmentation. However, a potential drawback with Transformer is the risk of information loss. The study reported in this paper employed the well-known hybridization principle to propose a method to combine CNN and Transformer to retain the strengths of both. Specifically, this study applied this method to the early detection of colonic polyps and to implement a model called MugenNet for colonic polyp image segmentation. We conducted a comprehensive experiment to compare MugenNet with other CNN models on five publicly available datasets. An ablation experiment on MugenNet was conducted as well. The experimental results showed that MugenNet can achieve a mean Dice of 0.714 on the ETIS dataset, which is the optimal performance on this dataset compared to other models, with an inference speed of 56 FPS. The overall outcome of this study is a method to optimally combine two methods of machine learning which are complementary to each other.

The Fucheng-1 (FC-1) satellite has successfully transitioned from its initial operational phase and is now undergoing a detailed performance assessment for time-series deformation monitoring. This study evaluates the surface deformation monitoring capabilities of the newly launched FC-1 satellite using the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique, particularly in urban applications. By analyzing the observation data from 20 FC-1 scenes and 20 Sentinel-1 scenes, deformation velocity maps of a university in Mianyang city were obtained using persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) and distributed scatterer interferometry (DSI) techniques. The results show that thanks to the high resolution of 3 × 3 m of the FC-1 satellite, significantly more PS points and DS points were detected than those detected by Sentinel-1, by 13.4 times and 17.9 times, respectively. The distribution of the major deformation areas detected by both satellites in the velocity maps is generally consistent. FC-1 performs better than Sentinel-1 in monitoring densely structured and vegetation-covered areas. Its deformation monitoring capability at the millimeter level was further validated through comparison with leveling measurements, with average errors and root mean square errors of 1.761 mm and 2.172 mm, respectively. Its high-resolution and high-precision interferometry capabilities make it particularly promising in the commercial remote sensing market.

All over the world, many ports have implemented surveillance camera systems to monitor the vessels and activities around them. These types of systems are not very effective in accurately detecting activities around the port due to background noise and congestion interference at the sea surface. This is why it is difficult to accurately detect vessels, especially smaller vessels, when it turns dark. It is known that some vessels do not comply with maritime rules, particularly in port and safety zones; these must be detected to avoid incidents. For these reasons, in this study, we propose and develop an improved multi-structural morphology (IMSM) approach to eliminate all of this noise and interference so that vessels can be accurately detected in real time. With this new approach, the target vessel is separated from the sea surface background through the weighted morphological filtering of several datasets of structural components. Then, neighborhood-based adaptive fast median filtering is used to filter out impulse noise. Finally, a characteristic morphological model of the target vessel is established using the connected domain; this allows the sea surface congestion to be eliminated and the movement of vessels to be detected in real time. Multiple tests are carried out on a small and discrete area of moving vessels. The results from several collected datasets show that the proposed approach can effectively eliminate background noise and congestion interference in video monitoring. The detection accuracy rate and the processing time are improved by approximately 3.91% and 1.14 s, respectively.