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Amidst the eminent, growing, and dire threats of climate change, it is imperative that we as individuals look inward to cope and address the ecological crisis. Mindfulness has demonstrated benefits in research and practical applications for stress and disease management over the past two decades that can apply to climate change adaptation and mitigation. However, the Western view of mindfulness is often stunted from its full potential for supporting a sustainable world, devoid of its holistic, inherently environmental nature. Many think of mindfulness as a concept centered on one's awareness, yet overlook other fundamental principles founded in compassion, reciprocity, ecology, and connection to the planet. We suggest that full mindfulness reflects its historic Eastern origins engendering a sense of connection to, and compassion for oneself, others, and with Earth as our shared home. By embracing mindful awareness, individuals recognize their inherent interdependence with others and with Earth, and cultivate a deep sense of gratitude and responsibility toward their home. Mindful compassion extends this care to others and inspires prosocial behaviors and environmental stewardship. Finally, mindfulness encourages individuals to find balance and harmony within themselves and their environment, fostering a profound sense of connection and belonging across time. Returning home to the holistic and environmental roots of full mindfulness offers a transformative approach to addressing climate change by promoting a truly sustainable mindset to cope with change, and care for our one and only home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Istanbul's geographical position and geopolitical prominence attracted various cultures throughout history, and this cosmopolitan structure remained during the Ottoman period. With the reformative movements that emerged in the late 19th century as well as the end of the Crimean War, the city witnessed an influx of foreigners. As a result of modernization activities, the city started to expand; the requirement for contemporary structures increased, which in turn necessitated the construction of advanced infrastructure projects. Due to the scarcity of local architects with the necessary competence, the Ottoman government referred to European architects and engineers for their assistance. Since the influence of foreign architects is a very comprehensive subject, this study has been narrowed to the contributions of architects and engineers from German-speaking countries. Since Turkish-German relations have a significant position in Turkey's history, and notably the initial interactions took place in Istanbul, this research exclusively examines the activities in Istanbul and the period of the 19th and 20th centuries when they were intensive. The economic, political, and cultural factors and the vast cultural exchange between the two countries during the late Ottoman period, the inter-war period with the activities of German and Austrian architects who sought refuge in Turkey from Nazi Germany in universities and urban planning, and finally, the causes of the decreasing interaction after WWII, were investigated. This study focuses on the work of Germanophone architects reflecting their own national cultures, lasting nearly 200 years in the fields of design and education in Istanbul. While there are several publications on the subject, there are few that provide a comprehensive overview of the subject in one place. As a result, a comprehensive list of all architects who worked in Istanbul and their works was produced, and they were marked on a map. For this goal and target, literature, historical processes, and maps were reviewed. The information has been summarized in a chronological table format, and reference has been made to some lesser-known names, which consequently have not been thoroughly researched yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nesir: Journal of Literary Studies / Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Nesir: Journal of Literary Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When Liberia, at its inception, adopted for her motto, "The Love of Freedom Brought Us Here," they were registering their embrace of a core tenet of modernity: the idea that freedom was the primary state of humanity and that any form of social living that turned this free being into a bonded phenomenon, forces it to obey dictates and laws not of its own choosing, to bow before rulers it had no hand in electing, and to live at the behest of another must stand condemned. They were merely the latest, back then, instantiation of Africans as singers of freedom's song in the modern age. Unfortunately, neither theirs nor earlier iterations in the Haitian Revolution, much less later contributions by other Africans in the continent, are to be found routinely, if at all, in the annals of modern philosophy. In this essay, I bring to our awareness how African thinkers have domesticated the idea of freedom as a legacy of modernity in their world. This is one of the bodies of work that is obscured by the wall that I argue, in Against Decolonisation: Taking African Agency Seriously (Hurst Publishers, 2022), decolonizers have erected in their mistaking, wittingly or unwittingly, modernity for colonialism and/or Westernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing literature on higher education internationalization in Central Asia, such literature remains unexamined for its criticality. Our systematic integrative literature review helps address this lacuna. The article utilizes critical internationalization perspectives to examine the extent to which the literature on internationalization in the region addresses the critical questions currently dominating the internationalization discourse globally. We analysed 56 peer-reviewed journal articles published in English between 2012 and 2022 to address the following themes: (1) internationalization as Westernization, (2) internationalization and the modernization of the university, (3) internationalization equals Englishization and (4) internationalization and the recreation of unequal relations. We assert that the published work does not promote the reimagination of dominant patterns of relationship, representation and resource distribution. By providing a systematic review, we hope to have helped academics, researchers, students, administrators and policymakers reflect upon and reimagine internationalization practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of University Research / Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of University Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published just prior to WWII in German, allegedly by a Jewish convert to Islam who had fled the Bolshevik Revolution, and currently dubbed the national novel of Azerbaijan, Kurban Said’s Ali & Nino gets less attention than it deserves. And to the extent that this little-known work of classical stature is recognized by the international reading public, it is for its combination of the East-West dichotomy and cosmopolitanism. But even as Kurban Said’s love story between a Muslim bachelor, Ali, and a Georgian damsel, Nino, does favorably present cosmopolitan yearnings within the framework of westernization, this article highlights the evil Armenian leitmotif in it, through surveying the misdoing of Ali’s rival Nachararyan and how that relates to ethno-political conflict in the Caucasus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very limited information has reached the present day in terms of the institutionalization process of painting education, the opening of private schools providing painting education, their curriculum, staff and general operating rules. Within the framework of the renewal movements of the Ottoman Empire, painting lessons were included in the education curriculum of military schools. Although the domestic and foreign press of the period, travelogues, memoirs, diaries, archive documents are limited sources of information in this field. Pera and its surroundings, where foreign painters lived during their travels to the Ottoman geography, also turned into the art production and education area of the Ottoman Empire, in other words, the art environment. Pierre Désiré Guillemet (1827-1878) opened a school called Academie de Dessin et de Peinture and his activities laid the foundation for the idea of opening a school for the public and providing art education in the minds of Ottoman high-ranking bureaucrats. On the one hand, the Sanayi-i Nefise-i Şahane was taking shape and, on the other hand, the workshops and courses initiated by Western painters in the very early period continued their existence by increasing in number, and later they turned into private painting schools. In this article, for the first time, information will be given about educational staff, curriculum, rules, educational conditions and fee policy of a painting school with a special status in the light of the regulation of the painting school belonging to the painter Mehmed Muazzez Özduygu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following Ziya Gökalp and Ali Shariati's assertion that Protestantism arose due to the influence of Islam in Europe in the Middle Ages, this study discusses the different discourses elaborated by the Turkish and Iranian authors based on this idea. The controversies surrounding modernity, westernization, colonialism, and Islam were a constant in their writings, despite the different geographical and historical circumstances. This paper discusses the logic of Gökalp and Shariati's claim that Protestantism was Islamized Christianity. The aim is to provide a detailed perspective on how this claim illuminates their broader thinking about civilization, culture, and religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The balance of power in the world is changing and global politics is rapidly moving towards a new multipolar order. Russia is trying to regain its former power, while China is the first and only country that is poised to replace the US economically. India, Brazil, and South Africa are pursuing a more active and pioneering policy in their respective regions than ever before. So, what is the position of Türkiye, one of the rare countries in the Middle East and Central Eurasia that is a leader with its past and current foreign policy, in the new changing global politics and economy? This study analyzes Türkiye's foreign policy regarding its possible position in the new order. Türkiye's foreign policy under President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is changing from a traditional and unconditional pro-Western stance to a pro-Islamic and pro-Asian global policy. The Erdogan-era Türkiye has been built on an Asiatic identity that is as much Turkish as it is Islamic, in line with changes in the geopolitical structure of the region and the international conjuncture. Turkishness and Islam are also the motifs on which Türkiye's future vision is founded. Westernization, which has marked the last one hundred years of Türkiye since 1923, is the biggest shortcoming of Erdoğan's politics. It is not difficult to foresee that post-Erdoğan Türkiye, if it is to become a regional power or a global playmaker, would pursue a foreign policy based on the Turkish-Islamic synthesis. The question is whether the experience of "Westernised" Türkiye that began in 1923 would be integrated into this synthesis, and if so, how. This is likely to be one of the biggest tests of post-Erdoğan Türkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Darüşşifa Journal of Islamic Medical History Research is the property of Darussifa Journal of Islamic Medical History Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of İnsan ve İsan is the property of Okur Yazar Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The unique view of civilization embodied in Chinese-style modernization is a scientific concept of civilization different from the characteristics of modem Western civilization. It's based on the deep traditional culture of the Chinese nation, guided by the Marxist concept of civilization, integrated with the practical experience of modem socialist civilization with Chinese characteristics, and absorbing the beneficial achievements of foreign civilizations. It embodies unique functioning mechanism and profound historical background, and is a profound explanation of cultural connotation and cultural mission in the process of Chinese-style modernization. Under the overall leadership of the Communist Party of China, it adheres to the people-centered value orientation, promotes the coordinated development of the five major civilizations; material, political, spiritual, social and ecological, emphasizes civilization exchanges of equality, mutual learning, dialogue and inclusiveness, and advocates the values common to all mankind. The aim is to break down the limitations of the notion that modernization equal to westernization, and provide both theoretical and practical guidance for shaping a new form of human civilization and constructing a community with a shared future for mankind. It also provides a strategic direction for Chinese-style modernization and the modem civilization of the Chinese nation, a reference model for the modernization process of developing countries, and contributes Chinese wisdom and strength to the development and progress of human civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Korean historian Moon Il-pyeong's concept of "Joseonsim," or the spiritual essence of Korean culture, emphasized retaining a respect for traditional Korean culture, especially unique Korean inventions such as Hangeul. He was a sharp critic of what he deemed to be Korea's excessive reliance on Chinese culture and customs to the extent of belittling Korean tradition and customs and urged the Korean public to have pride in Korea's authentic national culture. Such emphasis on "Joseonsim" formed the core of Moon's nationalist understanding of history, for he sought to use history as a vehicle to educate the Korean public about Korean history as a means to overcome both the traditional Sinophile attitude and the Westernization of Korean society through Japanese colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social & Cultural Studies / Toplum ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social & Cultural Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

İsmet Özel (1944 -), one of Turkey's leading poets, entered the Turkish literary world with his socialist poems written in the 1960s. Having gained a unique place in literary circles with the poems and poetry books he published during these years, Özel began to produce prose works in the late 1970s. Expressing his views on social issues in his columns, essays, conferences, television programs and interviews, Özel shares his views on a wide range of topics from Turkey's social structure to its historical and cultural characteristics, from its position in world history to the policies implemented in current politics. In this study, İsmet Özel's political and political ideas are analyzed in the context of the debate on indigeneity in Turkish sociology. In its simplest form, indigenousness represents an understanding that social phenomena should be handled within the framework of the historical accumulations and cultural values of the society in which they take place. From this point of view, the main purpose of the study is to evaluate İsmet Özel's views on a sociological ground by specifying the elements that constitute the parallelism in question. At the same time, in line with this aim, it is thought that the discussions on indigeneity in Turkish sociology will be diversified with İsmet Özel's views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Westernization movement that began in the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century also had an impact on music, and the music (note) publishing houses that emerged in the last quarter of the 19th century were one of the observable results of this influence. In this article, the music publishing houses that published using Western musical note, from Notacı Hacı Emin Efendi, which started operating in 1876, to Jorj D. Papajorjiu Publications, which existed in the early years of the Republic, were examined in the context of Westernization. In this study, which was conducted specifically on Jorj D. Papajorjiu Publications, it was intended to create comprehensive information for this publishing house. Jorj D. Papajorjiu Publications, a publishing house that started its operations after the establishment of the Republic of Türkiye, is described as the last private musical note publishing house of the Republic period. The methods translated and published into Turkish by this publishing house are valuable resources for the music and guitar playing culture of Türkiye in the 1930s and 1940s. In this context, in the article, the guitar methods published by Jorj D. Papajorjiu Publications were examined using the document analysis method; in this way the similarities and the differences between these guitar methods were revealed. The findings obtained were evaluated in the conclusion section and presented to the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article provides evidence for the opening of Polish culture in the last four decades, focusing on incoming translation flows, i.e., the books translated from foreign languages to Polish. It answers the question of whether the circulation of cultural goods has followed the same pattern as the economy, i.e., a shift towards Western European influences. It shows, with quantitative data completed with qualitative data, that the Polish culture has opened up to Western culture but also to an increasingly global culture. The article explains the differences between both databases used for the research. The evidence further demonstrates that the sociology of translation influences the geography of translation flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Akademik Hassasiyetler is the property of Huzeyfe Suleyman Arslan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'International Relations & Regional Studies' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gita Mehta, in her fiction and non-fiction, has dealt with the paradox of the old and the new as a significant component of Indian culture. Scholars tend to believe that the twin factors of tradition and modernity are not antithetical to each other, as some earlier thinkers used to consider. They always co- exist, drawing regularly from each other and work together for the progression of society. Taking into consideration the observations of the scholars on the aspects of tradition, modernity, modernization and westernization, the present article is an effort to study Gita Mehta’s attempt to explore the dual strands of the Indian ritualistic past and its modern rationalistic present, their interaction and their impact on the Indian culture. For this study, Mehta’s non-fiction Snakes and Ladders: Glimpses of Modern India is being taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Цель исследования заключается в выявлении собственно лингвистической и лингвокультурологической специфики лексико-семантического поля «Кино» в русском языке (на фоне китайского языка). В результате работы доказано, что словари кинолексики в русском и китайском языках различаются качественно и количественно: количество лексем в рамках тематических групп слов, выявленных в «Русском семантическом словаре», превышает в два раза количество соотносимых с ними слов в китайском языке; русский язык в сфере кинотерминов оказался более проницаем к заимствованиям из немецкого и французского языков; английский язык воздействует на оба языка, но при этом отмечаются некоторые различия (если в русском языке широко представлены как заимствования, так и дериваты во всех стилях, то в китайском языке англицизмы активнее попадают в стилистически сниженные его сегменты). Причинами выявленных различий являются, во-первых, влияние различных традиций в России и Китае в отношении преемственности видов искусств, во-вторых, типологические различия русского и китайского языков.

The article examines the monopoly of the CPC on power as a system-forming political institution of the PRC, which showed its ineffectiveness in the active phase of the C ultural Revolution, was then restored in the fight against its proponents, and met competition from supporters of the democratization of the system of government in the late 1970s. Part of the political leadership of the PRC, represented mainly by relatively young party and state officials, considered the democratization of the system of government as a condition for transforming the system of domination into a system of democratic politics that would ensure the country's comprehensive development. This position was welcomed and support ed by the intelligentsia, urban educated youth and some of the cadres of the party and state apparatus, but met powerful res istance from the “veterans” of the Communist Party, concerned about the threat of losing control over the political activity of the masses. On March 30, 1979, Deng Xiaoping proclaimed the “four basic principles,” which became a factor in the consolidation of the CPC leadership on a “protective” position and defined a “corridor of opportunity” for pursuing a course of “reform and opening-up” for decades to come. At the same time, one of the four principles – “upholding the leadership of the Communist Party” – turned into the ideological basis of the institution of the CPC monopoly on power, which to this day plays a key role in the institutional political design of the PRC.

The relevance of the issues under consideration is determined by the recent fundamental social-political transformations associated with the exacerbation of a complex set of cultural, civilizational and, thus, intellectual contradictions between Russia and the West. These contradictions force both the Russian society and the Russian social science to reconsider the results of the last thirty years and to predict future scenarios, including intellectual ones. The article summarizes some results of the development of the Russian social science in the post-Soviet period and discusses (at least invites to a discussion) the possible contours of its further development according to the new logic of social processes. The article considers both the achievements of the Russian social-humanitarian thought in the post-Soviet period and its problems, primarily the loss of intellectual independence due to the uncritical borrowing and dogmatization of many Western intellectual models, some of which were created to understand a different social-cultural reality, and others were initially an intellectual weapon against the USSR (Russia). The author proposes the concept of “humanitarian import substitution” as a possible guideline for further development, which should be implemented on the principle of avoiding extremes: on the one hand, uncritical denial of the generally significant achievements of the Western social science and humanities; on the other hand, dogmatization of the ideas of Russian social scientists. The author considers as a resource for such “substitution” the largely untapped analytical and explanatory potential of the Russian literary tradition that can become a theoretical-methodological basis for many social and humanitarian models and concepts.

While Western thinking is a linear belief system set in motion by Christianity, Chinese reasoning conceives changes within a circular process that holds together repetition and transformation. Making sense of this is simply to recognize that depending on how we consider the nature of history, we will also partake in a different imprint on society as a whole. The transition from socialist to post-socialist China is also the drift from the stability guaranteed by Chinese philosophy to the individualism offered by the logic of marketization. Over the sociological implosion of Chinese cyclicity, China places its quest for a new identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relying on Chinese county gazetteers and contemporary publications by Western engineers working in China, this article examines the methods used by county officials to secure property needed for the Daye iron mine in Hubei Province. It focuses on a young scholar-turned magistrate, Lin Zuo, who grew up around the market city of Shanghai and the political center in Beijing under the dual clouds of imperialism and the Taiping Rebellion. Upon taking office in a remote but mineral-rich county along the Yangzi river, Lin Zuo was deputed to deterritorialize significant parts of the county's rice fields and mountain farms to facilitate a modern iron ore mine and adjoining railroad that became part of the powerful Hanyeping Coal and Iron Company. To this end, he hired local gentry to coerce or force various landowners to give up lands that were deemed rich in minerals or suited for a proposed train track that skirted the southern face of Tieshan (Iron Mountain). Conversely, commoners utilized ingenious negotiating methods to fight back against the power of the imperial government, which led the county leaders to look elsewhere for properties and in some cases forced the government to pay much higher prices for the tracts they needed most. This article suggests that this significant modernization scheme was brought about in part utilizing the trappings of patronage-led county government policies but that even as it was designed to strengthen the empire, in fact it actually weakened the local community, leaving many landless if not impoverished. It therefore questions recent scholarship that looks more positively at late nineteenth-century industrialization attempts or critically at policies that undermined them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has become a main host country for international students, but its international programmes for higher education still need improvement. This study aimed to examine the academic challenges that international postgraduates in China face based on Luc Boltanski's idea of ordinary critique. A qualitative research approach was adopted, and data were collected from 18 international students in two universities in China through semi structured interviews. The ordinary critique of academic difficulties by international postgraduates suggests that Westernized learning content is not sufficiently present in curricula, teachers do not have strong academic recognition from Western journals, the value of diplomas is questioned, and English is not regarded in local institutions as a mark of internationalization.Thus, they equate higher education internationalization with Westernization. These findings are analysed in light of common standards for the internationalization of higher education and offer possible implications for higher education internationalization in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Westernization has been broadly utilized by the Taiwanese government as a strategy to achieve modernization. Since the 1990s, Taiwan has undergone various educational reforms advocating the modernization of education. Among these, the constructivist-based mathematics curriculum transferred from the US substantially altered primary education practices. Ultimately, this reform failed. This article examines the causes of this failure. Drawing on six interviews with policy-makers and stakeholders, three causes are identified. The study demonstrates the importance of philosophy, rationale, and policy context and concludes by showing how these challenges can be addressed. Implications for policy transfer and research are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Music (TM) / Türk Müziği is the property of Young Wise Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is no doubt that the challenges facing Arabic language have become a concern that worries every Arab who is jealous of his language and identity, due to their severe effects on our children’s language, thought, and personality formation. Therefore, scholars of the Arab nation, university professors, school teachers, and those interested came together to confront these challenges. Conferences, seminars, and workshops were held to discuss them and propose solutions and remedies. Newspapers and magazines warned of their effects on the Arab nation, as they had become a threat to its reality and future. Despite this, these challenges still there, and we have not witnessed tangible steps to reduce the risk of decline in the use of the Standard Arabic language and its neglect at the local and Arab levels. This research addresses the challenges facing Arabic language in our Arab world with the aim of identifying their causes, effects and proposing ways to confront them. One of the most prominent of these challenges is globalization, as the globalization of the language emerged through the dominance of the English language and the promotion of its status at the expense of the Arabic language. The negative effects of Westernization have appeared in the identity and attitudes of our children, in addition to the widespread poor performance of students in Arabic language skills, which has become a phenomenon that calls for serious and careful attention because it has become a threat to the Arab nation in its identity, belief, and connection to its history and civilization. The research suggested ways to confront these challenges by activating the role of: the state, the university, the school, the family, and society, leading to suggesting some recommendations including: developing a strategy to enable the Arabic language to regain its sovereignty and effective role in civilizational construction, starting with issuing official decisions, legislation related to that, and developing awareness of the importance of the role Arabic language in strengthening the identity of the Arab nation and rooting its thought and culture, and ending with circulating standard Arabic in schools, universities, institutions and among members of society, by practicing the correct linguistic expression of our opinions and ideas in our scientific, practical and social life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to reconsider 'pornification' as a universal concept to describe the mediatized process of proliferation of pornographic images in cultural spaces. Based on a textual and discursive analysis of newspaper clippings from the 1990s, autobiographical books and semi-structured interviews with Hungarian porn industry participants, this article explores the local factors that made Hungary an ideal place for the international porn industry to expand production after 1989. This article contributes to the growing body of literature in Porn Studies, which emphasizes the importance of the industrial nature and global inequalities in porn production. We examine the local discourses that justified the 'porn boom' as a sign of westernization and the country's catching-up to the West and present the key factors in the capitalist reintegration process that led to the expansion of the Hungarian porn industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the Yorùbá traditional greeting culture and what is obtainable today. The aim is to examine the perceived causes of the decline in Yorùbá greeting-culture among the younger generation today. Primary data were retrieved through in-depth interview while a total of 20 respondents selected through purposive and convenience sampling methods participated in the study. The study was explained with the cultural diffusion theory while transcripts was coded and transcribed using ATLAS.ti version 8. Findings revealed that, poor parental socialization, prohibition of Yorùbá language as a means of communication in schools, westernization, peer group influence, Internet and social media were the perceived causes of the decline among the respondents in the study. It concludes that even though the perception is that young people do not perform traditional Yorùbá greetings as often as the older generation nevertheless, they are concerned about this seeming erosion that is not as a result of personal preferences but attributed to external forces. The family and other agents of socialization are therefore encouraged to embrace the Yorùbá greeting culture and internalise same on them in order to protect and preserve this rich cultural heritage from going into extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Western is, in many respects, the essential American film genre, "a cornerstone of American identity" (Kitses). Yet, despite its distinctly American character, the genre has exerted a fascination all over the world. This contribution examines the Western as a site of transnational cultural exchange and as an illustration of what Stephen Greenblatt calls cultural mobility. In the work of Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai (1954) and Yojimbo (1961), Western elements are evoked, which provide complex comments on the influence of American culture on Japan in the post-WWII years. While Seven Samurai appears to embrace the promise of class eradication as a result of Westernization, its American remake The Magnificent Seven (1960) shows a particular fascination for the decidedly Japanese aspects of the material, namely the idea of a warrior class dissociated from society. The Italian remake of Yojimbo, Fistful of Dollars (1964), shows how the Western can function not only as an external comment on American culture, in its cynical redefinition of the cowboy hero, but also as an amalgam of cultural practices and symbols, reaching from Japanese samurai codes to Christian Catholic redeemer imagery, that through their stylization expose the performativity of culture as such. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

THE PERIOD BETWEEN 1918 AND 1948 IS ONE OF THE MOST COMPLEX AND DRAMATIC OF THE LAST TWO CENTURIES IN ROMANIAN HISTORY. IN THIRTY YEARS, ALL THE EFFORTS OF WESTERNIZATION AND MODERNIZATION THAT ROMANIAN SOCIETY HAD ACHIEVED SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY WERE UNDONE. THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF ROMANIA BEGAN WITH THE ADOPTION OF THE 1866 CONSTITUTION, WHICH REMAINED IN FORCE UNTIL 1923 WHEN A NEW FUNDAMENTAL LAW WAS PASSED, WITH ONLY SLIGHT CHANGES FROM ITS PREDECESSOR. THE SECOND CONSTITUTION WOULD HAVE A MUCH SHORTER LIFESPAN, BEING REPEALED AT THE BEGINNING OF 1938 WITH THE ADOPTION OF A NEW CONSTITUTION THAT MARKED THE START OF KING CAROL II'S PERSONAL REGIME. THIS CONSTITUTION REMAINED IN FORCE UNTIL SEPTEMBER 5, 1940, WHEN KING CAROL II SIGNED ROYAL DECREE NO. 3052 SUSPENDING THE 1938 CONSTITUTION. THEN, ON AUGUST 31, 1944, ROYAL DECREE NO. 1626 REINSTATED PROVISIONS FROM BOTH THE 1866 AND 1923 CONSTITUTIONS (THE RIGHTS OF ROMANIANS WERE RECOGNIZED BY THE PROVISIONS OF THE 1866 ACT, WHILE THE POWERS OF THE STATE WERE EXERCISED ACCORDING TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL NORMS OF 1923). THIS SITUATION LASTED UNTIL DECEMBER 30, 1947, WHEN KING MICHAEL I ABDICATED UNDER DURESS, AND LAW NO. 363 WAS ADOPTED, ESTABLISHING THE ROMANIAN STATE AS THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA. THE NEW CONSTITUTIONAL VOID WAS MUCH SHORTER, AS THE FIRST CONSTITUTION OF COMMUNIST ROMANIA WAS VOTED ON BY THE GREAT NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ON APRIL 13, 1948. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beginning of the 18th century is known as the "Westernization Period" in Ottoman architecture. It was in this period that Western-born architectural movements found their way into the Ottoman Empire. This was also a time in which new types of structures emerged in Ottoman architecture as the Western influence continued to permeate both religious and civil architecture. This impact also affected the Ottoman culture of housing, leading to important changes in residential structures. The new cultural elements arriving from the West began to be apparent in the plans, facades, interiors, and decorative components of the homes of the affluent, most of which were built by Western architects. This was a time in which lifestyles were changing, and especially in the capital of Istanbul, a rich assortment of residential architecture was expressed in styles that included the Neo-Baroque, Neo-Gothic, Orientalism, Art Nouveau, Eclecticism, Swiss Châlet, and Late Victorian. One of the new types of structures that appeared in this period was the summerhouse. While these houses belonged to the wealthy Ottoman elite and reflected the traditional Ottoman residential fabric in their plans and styles, a large number carried the architectural characteristics of the summerhouses and mansions of the West. The aim of this article is to describe an authentic example of the group of wooden summerhouses that were outstanding products of Ottoman residential architecture in the 19th century, at a time when the Empire's cultural norms were turning toward the West. The characteristics of the plans of these buildings, the configuration of their facades and decorative elements will be presented, as will other information on the wooden summerhouses of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the caste system as a cultural construct. Esteemed social anthropologists and sociologists have perceived caste as a set of cultural beliefs and practices prevalent in Indian society. Caste is traditionally viewed as a cultural system shaped by specific norms and values that dictate the interrelations among individuals. Essentially, the caste system is a codified set of beliefs and practices observed within society. It is posited that a cultural approach to analyzing the caste system yields a deeper understanding. G. S. Ghurye (1932) characterizes caste by six features: segmental division of society, hierarchical structure, dietary and social interaction restrictions, civil and religious rights and disabilities, occupational restrictions, and marriage limitations. The entrenched social hierarchy of the Indian caste system has evolved notably in recent times. While caste is a unique societal stratification in India, this paper investigates its current socio-cultural transformations, focusing on significant cultural practices and processes such as Sanskritization, Westernization, Secularization, Modernization, and Globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Mosaic Research is the property of Uludag University, Mosaic Research Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)