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17 results on '"WOMBWELL, EMMA"'

1. Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines

Author

O’Hanlon, Simon J., Rieux, Adrien, Farrer, Rhys A., Rosa, Gonçalo M., Waldman, Bruce, Bataille, Arnaud, Kosch, Tiffany A., Murray, Kris A., Brankovics, Balázs, Fumagalli, Matteo, Martin, Michael D., Wales, Nathan, Alvarado-Rybak, Mario, Bates, Kieran A., Berger, Lee, Böll, Susanne, Brookes, Lola, Clare, Frances, Courtois, Elodie A., Cunningham, Andrew A., Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., Ghosh, Pria, Gower, David J., Hintz, William E., Höglund, Jacob, Jenkinson, Thomas S., Lin, Chun-Fu, Laurila, Anssi, Loyau, Adeline, Martel, An, Meurling, Sara, Miaud, Claude, Minting, Pete, Pasmans, Frank, Schmeller, Dirk S., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Shelton, Jennifer M. G., Skerratt, Lee F., Smith, Freya, Soto-Azat, Claudio, Spagnoletti, Matteo, Tessa, Giulia, Toledo, Luís Felipe, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, Verster, Ruhan, Vörös, Judit, Webb, Rebecca J., Wierzbicki, Claudia, Wombwell, Emma, Zamudio, Kelly R., Aanensen, David M., James, Timothy Y., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Weldon, Ché, Bosch, Jaime, Balloux, François, Garner, Trenton W. J., and Fisher, Matthew C.

Published
2018

2. Emerging infectious disease and the trade in amphibians

Author

Wombwell, Emma Louise and Griffiths, Richard

Subjects
301, QH75 Conservation (Biology), QL Zoology
Abstract

Amphibians are the most threatened class of vertebrate, and rates of species decline and extinction far exceed those seen historically. Habitat loss, climate change, over-exploitation and emerging infectious disease have all been identified as threatening processes. The trade in amphibians has been implicated in over-exploitation through the harvesting of wild animals, and as an important pathway for the global spread of the fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). However, there are no analyses of how Bd may spread through the trade chain. This thesis addresses this issue by (1) determining the prevalence of Bd at different stages of the trade chain; (2) examining knowledge, husbandry protocols and biosecurity among retailers and (3) assessing the risk of Bd dissemination into the wild in the UK. Approximately 20,000 amphibians from at least 11 countries enter the UK annually via Heathrow Animal Reception Centre. Overall Bd prevalence was 3.6%, but was confined to six of the 43 genera encountered, and only detected in shipments from the USA and Tanzania. Amphibians were sold by 30% of the estimated 3500 livestock retailers in the UK, but made a low contribution to overall income. Disease awareness and knowledge in retailers was found to be lacking, although husbandry standards were deemed to be appropriate. Mortality appeared to be influenced by restocking methods and number of species held, but mass die-offs as a result of disease were generally uncommon. Screening of over 2000 amphibians from 148 retailers for Bd revealed a prevalence of 5.8%, but the geographic distribution of infection in the UK was patchy, and was more prominent in aquatic species. A risk assessment conducted according to the framework set out by the World Organisation of Animal Health, identified regions and sections of the trade that pose the greatest threats in terms of introducing Bd, and assessed various mitigation measures. The consequences of novel strains of Bd and a second, recently discovered Batrachochytrium species were found to pose a risk to both native UK and captive amphibians. As trade bans are unlikely to be feasible or effective, alternative measures to mitigate the impact of disease are evaluated.

Published
2014

5. Development and worldwide use of non-lethal, and minimal population-level impact, protocols for the isolation of amphibian chytrid fungi

Author

Fisher, Matthew C., primary, Ghosh, Pria, additional, Shelton, Jennifer M. G., additional, Bates, Kieran, additional, Brookes, Lola, additional, Wierzbicki, Claudia, additional, Rosa, Gonçalo M., additional, Farrer, Rhys A., additional, Aanensen, David M., additional, Alvarado-Rybak, Mario, additional, Bataille, Arnaud, additional, Berger, Lee, additional, Böll, Susanne, additional, Bosch, Jaime, additional, Clare, Frances C., additional, A. Courtois, Elodie, additional, Crottini, Angelica, additional, Cunningham, Andrew A., additional, Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., additional, Gebresenbet, Fikirte, additional, Gower, David J., additional, Höglund, Jacob, additional, James, Timothy Y., additional, Jenkinson, Thomas S., additional, Kosch, Tiffany A., additional, Lambertini, Carolina, additional, Laurila, Anssi, additional, Lin, Chun-Fu, additional, Loyau, Adeline, additional, Martel, An, additional, Meurling, Sara, additional, Miaud, Claude, additional, Minting, Pete, additional, Ndriantsoa, Serge, additional, O’Hanlon, Simon J., additional, Pasmans, Frank, additional, Rakotonanahary, Tsanta, additional, Rabemananjara, Falitiana C. E., additional, Ribeiro, Luisa P., additional, Schmeller, Dirk S., additional, Schmidt, Benedikt R., additional, Skerratt, Lee, additional, Smith, Freya, additional, Soto-Azat, Claudio, additional, Tessa, Giulia, additional, Toledo, Luís Felipe, additional, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, additional, Verster, Ruhan, additional, Vörös, Judit, additional, Waldman, Bruce, additional, Webb, Rebecca J., additional, Weldon, Che, additional, Wombwell, Emma, additional, Zamudio, Kelly R., additional, Longcore, Joyce E., additional, and Garner, Trenton W. J., additional

Published
2018
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6. Development and worldwide use of non-lethal, and minimal population-level impact, protocols for the isolation of amphibian chytrid fungi

Author

Fisher, Matthew C., Ghosh, Pria, Shelton, Jennifer M. G., Bates, Kieran, Brookes, Lola, Wierzbicki, Claudia, Rosa, Goncalo M., Farrer, Rhys A., Aanensen, David M., Alvarado-rybak, Mario, Bataille, Arnaud, Berger, Lee, Boell, Susanne, Bosch, Jaime, Clare, Frances C., Courtois, Elodie A., Crottini, Angelica, Cunningham, Andrew A., Doherty-bone, Thomas M., Gebresenbet, Fikirte, Gower, David J., Hoglund, Jacob, James, Timothy Y, Jenkinson, Thomas S., Kosch, Tiffany A., Lambertini, Carolina, Laurila, Anssi, Lin, Chun-fu, Loyau, Adeline, Martel, An, Meurling, Sara, Miaud, Claude, Minting, Pete, Ndriantsoa, Serge, O'Hanlon, Simon J., Pasmans, Frank, Rakotonanahary, Tsanta, Rabemananjara, Falitiana C. E., Ribeiro, Luisa P., Schmeller, Dirk S., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Skerratt, Lee, Smith, Freya, Soto-azat, Claudio, Tessa, Giulia, Toledo, Luis Felipe, Valenzuela-sanchez, Andres, Verster, Ruhan, Voeroes, Judit, Waldman, Bruce, Webb, Rebecca J., Weldon, Che, Wombwell, Emma, Zamudio, Kelly R., Longcore, Joyce E., Garner, Trenton W. J., Fisher, Matthew C., Ghosh, Pria, Shelton, Jennifer M. G., Bates, Kieran, Brookes, Lola, Wierzbicki, Claudia, Rosa, Goncalo M., Farrer, Rhys A., Aanensen, David M., Alvarado-rybak, Mario, Bataille, Arnaud, Berger, Lee, Boell, Susanne, Bosch, Jaime, Clare, Frances C., Courtois, Elodie A., Crottini, Angelica, Cunningham, Andrew A., Doherty-bone, Thomas M., Gebresenbet, Fikirte, Gower, David J., Hoglund, Jacob, James, Timothy Y, Jenkinson, Thomas S., Kosch, Tiffany A., Lambertini, Carolina, Laurila, Anssi, Lin, Chun-fu, Loyau, Adeline, Martel, An, Meurling, Sara, Miaud, Claude, Minting, Pete, Ndriantsoa, Serge, O'Hanlon, Simon J., Pasmans, Frank, Rakotonanahary, Tsanta, Rabemananjara, Falitiana C. E., Ribeiro, Luisa P., Schmeller, Dirk S., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Skerratt, Lee, Smith, Freya, Soto-azat, Claudio, Tessa, Giulia, Toledo, Luis Felipe, Valenzuela-sanchez, Andres, Verster, Ruhan, Voeroes, Judit, Waldman, Bruce, Webb, Rebecca J., Weldon, Che, Wombwell, Emma, Zamudio, Kelly R., Longcore, Joyce E., and Garner, Trenton W. J.

Abstract

Parasitic chytrid fungi have emerged as a significant threat to amphibian species worldwide, necessitating the development of techniques to isolate these pathogens into culture for research purposes. However, early methods of isolating chytrids from their hosts relied on killing amphibians. We modified a pre-existing protocol for isolating chytrids from infected animals to use toe clips and biopsies from toe webbing rather than euthanizing hosts, and distributed the protocol to researchers as part of the BiodivERsA project RACE; here called the RML protocol. In tandem, we developed a lethal procedure for isolating chytrids from tadpole mouthparts. Reviewing a database of use a decade after their inception, we find that these methods have been applied across 5 continents, 23 countries and in 62 amphibian species. Isolation of chytrids by the non-lethal RML protocol occured in 18% of attempts with 207 fungal isolates and three species of chytrid being recovered. Isolation of chytrids from tadpoles occured in 43% of attempts with 334 fungal isolates of one species (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) being recovered. Together, these methods have resulted in a significant reduction and refinement of our use of threatened amphibian species and have improved our ability to work with this group of emerging pathogens.

Published
2018
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7. Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines

Author

O'Hanlon, Simon J., Rieux, Adrien, Farrer, Rhys A., Rosa, Goncalo M., Waldman, Bruce, Bataille, Arnaud, Kosch, Tiffany A., Murray, Kris A., Brankovics, Balazs, Fumagalli, Matteo, Martin, Michael D., Wales, Nathan, Alvarado-Rybak, Mario, Bates, Kieran A., Berger, Lee, Boell, Susanne, Brookes, Lola, Clare, Frances, Courtois, Elodie A., Cunningham, Andrew A., Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., Ghosh, Pria, Gower, David J., Hintz, William E., Höglund, Jacob, Jenkinson, Thomas S., Lin, Chun-Fu, Laurila, Anssi, Loyau, Adeline, Martel, An, Meurling, Sara, Miaud, Claude, Minting, Pete, Pasmans, Frank, Schmeller, Dirk S., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Shelton, Jennifer M. G., Skerratt, Lee F., Smith, Freya, Soto-Azat, Claudio, Spagnoletti, Matteo, Tessa, Giulia, Toledo, Luis Felipe, Valenzuela-Sanchez, Andres, Verster, Ruhan, Voros, Judit, Webb, Rebecca J., Wierzbicki, Claudia, Wombwell, Emma, Zamudio, Kelly R., Aanensen, David M., James, Timothy Y., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Weldon, Che, Bosch, Jaime, Balloux, Francois, Garner, Trenton W. J., Fisher, Matthew C., O'Hanlon, Simon J., Rieux, Adrien, Farrer, Rhys A., Rosa, Goncalo M., Waldman, Bruce, Bataille, Arnaud, Kosch, Tiffany A., Murray, Kris A., Brankovics, Balazs, Fumagalli, Matteo, Martin, Michael D., Wales, Nathan, Alvarado-Rybak, Mario, Bates, Kieran A., Berger, Lee, Boell, Susanne, Brookes, Lola, Clare, Frances, Courtois, Elodie A., Cunningham, Andrew A., Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., Ghosh, Pria, Gower, David J., Hintz, William E., Höglund, Jacob, Jenkinson, Thomas S., Lin, Chun-Fu, Laurila, Anssi, Loyau, Adeline, Martel, An, Meurling, Sara, Miaud, Claude, Minting, Pete, Pasmans, Frank, Schmeller, Dirk S., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Shelton, Jennifer M. G., Skerratt, Lee F., Smith, Freya, Soto-Azat, Claudio, Spagnoletti, Matteo, Tessa, Giulia, Toledo, Luis Felipe, Valenzuela-Sanchez, Andres, Verster, Ruhan, Voros, Judit, Webb, Rebecca J., Wierzbicki, Claudia, Wombwell, Emma, Zamudio, Kelly R., Aanensen, David M., James, Timothy Y., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Weldon, Che, Bosch, Jaime, Balloux, Francois, Garner, Trenton W. J., and Fisher, Matthew C.

Abstract

Globalized infectious diseases are causing species declines worldwide, but their source often remains elusive. We used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of themost devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a proximate driver of global amphibian declines. We traced the source of B. dendrobatidis to the Korean peninsula, where one lineage, BdASIA-1, exhibits the genetic hallmarks of an ancestral population that seeded the panzootic. We date the emergence of this pathogen to the early 20th century, coinciding with the global expansion of commercial trade in amphibians, and we show that intercontinental transmission is ongoing. Our findings point to East Asia as a geographic hotspot for B. dendrobatidis biodiversity and the original source of these lineages that now parasitize amphibians worldwide.

Published
2018
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8. Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines

Author

Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Leverhulme Trust, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Royal Geographical Society, National Research Foundation of Korea, Governo do Estado de São Paulo, Australian Research Council, Wolfson Foundation, Swedish Research Council, National Research Foundation (South Africa), Iranian National Science Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, O’Hanlon, Simon J., Rieux, Adrien, Farrer, Rhys A., Rosa, Gonçalo M., Waldman, Bruce, Bataille, Arnaud, Kosch, Tiffany A., Murray, Kris A., Brankovics, Balázs, Fumagalli, Matteo, Martin, Michael D., Wales, Nathan, Alvarado-Rybak, Mario, Bates, Kieran A., Berger, Lee R., Böll, Susanne, Brookes, Lola, Clare, Frances C., Courtois, Elodie A., Cunningham, Andrew A., Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., Ghosh, Pria, Gower, David J., Hintz, William E., Höglund, Jacob, Jenkinson, Thomas S., Lin, Chun-Fu, Laurila, Anssi, Loyau, A., Martel, An, Meurling, Sara, Miaud, Claude, Minting, Pete, Pasmans, Frank, Schmeller, Dirk S., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Shelton, Jennifer M. G., Skerratt, Lee, Smith, Freya, Soto-Azat, Claudio, Spagnoletti, Matteo, Tessa, Giulia, Toledo, Luis Felipe, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, Verster, Ruhan, Vörös, Judit, Webb, Rebecca J., Wierzbicki, Claudia, Wombwell, Emma, Zamudio, Kelly R., Aanensen, David M., James, Timothy Y., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Weldon, Ché, Bosch, Jaime, Balloux, François, Garner, Trenton W. J., Fisher, Matthew C., Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Leverhulme Trust, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Royal Geographical Society, National Research Foundation of Korea, Governo do Estado de São Paulo, Australian Research Council, Wolfson Foundation, Swedish Research Council, National Research Foundation (South Africa), Iranian National Science Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, O’Hanlon, Simon J., Rieux, Adrien, Farrer, Rhys A., Rosa, Gonçalo M., Waldman, Bruce, Bataille, Arnaud, Kosch, Tiffany A., Murray, Kris A., Brankovics, Balázs, Fumagalli, Matteo, Martin, Michael D., Wales, Nathan, Alvarado-Rybak, Mario, Bates, Kieran A., Berger, Lee R., Böll, Susanne, Brookes, Lola, Clare, Frances C., Courtois, Elodie A., Cunningham, Andrew A., Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., Ghosh, Pria, Gower, David J., Hintz, William E., Höglund, Jacob, Jenkinson, Thomas S., Lin, Chun-Fu, Laurila, Anssi, Loyau, A., Martel, An, Meurling, Sara, Miaud, Claude, Minting, Pete, Pasmans, Frank, Schmeller, Dirk S., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Shelton, Jennifer M. G., Skerratt, Lee, Smith, Freya, Soto-Azat, Claudio, Spagnoletti, Matteo, Tessa, Giulia, Toledo, Luis Felipe, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, Verster, Ruhan, Vörös, Judit, Webb, Rebecca J., Wierzbicki, Claudia, Wombwell, Emma, Zamudio, Kelly R., Aanensen, David M., James, Timothy Y., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Weldon, Ché, Bosch, Jaime, Balloux, François, Garner, Trenton W. J., and Fisher, Matthew C.

Abstract

Globalized infectious diseases are causing species declines worldwide, but their source often remains elusive. We used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of the most devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a proximate driver of global amphibian declines. We traced the source of B. dendrobatidis to the Korean peninsula, where one lineage, BdASIA-1, exhibits the genetic hallmarks of an ancestral population that seeded the panzootic. We date the emergence of this pathogen to the early 20th century, coinciding with the global expansion of commercial trade in amphibians, and we show that intercontinental transmission is ongoing. Our findings point to East Asia as a geographic hotspot for B. dendrobatidis biodiversity and the original source of these lineages that now parasitize amphibians worldwide.

Published
2018

9. Development and worldwide use of non-lethal, and minimal population-level impact, protocols for the isolation of amphibian chytrid fungi

Author

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Royal Geographical Society, National Research Foundation of Korea, Leverhulme Trust, Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Fisher, Matthew C., Ghosh, Pria, Shelton, Jennifer M. G., Bates, Kieran A., Brookes, Lola, Wierzbicki, Claudia, Rosa, Gonçalo M., Farrer, Rhys A., Aanensen, David M., Alvarado-Rybak, Mario, Bataille, Arnaud, Berger, Lee R., Böll, Susanne, Bosch, Jaime, Clare, Frances C., Courtois, Elodie A., Crottini, Angelica, Cunningham, Andrew A., Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., Gebresenbet, Fikirte, Gower, David J., Höglund, Jacob, James, Timothy Y., Jenkinson, Thomas S., Kosch, Tiffany A., Lambertini, Carolina, Laurila, Anssi, Lin, Chun-Fu, Loyau, A., Martel, An, Meurling, Sara, Miaud, Claude, Minting, Pete, Ndriantsoa, Serge, O’Hanlon, Simon, Pasmans, Frank, Rakotonanahary, Tsanta, Rabemananjara, Falitiana C. E., Ribeiro, Luisa P., Schmeller, Dirk S., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Skerratt, Lee, Smith, Freya, Soto-Azat, Claudio, Tessa, Giulia, Toledo, Luis Felipe, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, Verster, Ruhan, Vörös, Judit, Waldman, Bruce, Webb, Rebecca J., Weldon, Che, Wombwell, Emma, Zamudio, Kelly R., Longcore, Joyce E., Garner, Trenton W. J., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Royal Geographical Society, National Research Foundation of Korea, Leverhulme Trust, Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Fisher, Matthew C., Ghosh, Pria, Shelton, Jennifer M. G., Bates, Kieran A., Brookes, Lola, Wierzbicki, Claudia, Rosa, Gonçalo M., Farrer, Rhys A., Aanensen, David M., Alvarado-Rybak, Mario, Bataille, Arnaud, Berger, Lee R., Böll, Susanne, Bosch, Jaime, Clare, Frances C., Courtois, Elodie A., Crottini, Angelica, Cunningham, Andrew A., Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., Gebresenbet, Fikirte, Gower, David J., Höglund, Jacob, James, Timothy Y., Jenkinson, Thomas S., Kosch, Tiffany A., Lambertini, Carolina, Laurila, Anssi, Lin, Chun-Fu, Loyau, A., Martel, An, Meurling, Sara, Miaud, Claude, Minting, Pete, Ndriantsoa, Serge, O’Hanlon, Simon, Pasmans, Frank, Rakotonanahary, Tsanta, Rabemananjara, Falitiana C. E., Ribeiro, Luisa P., Schmeller, Dirk S., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Skerratt, Lee, Smith, Freya, Soto-Azat, Claudio, Tessa, Giulia, Toledo, Luis Felipe, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, Verster, Ruhan, Vörös, Judit, Waldman, Bruce, Webb, Rebecca J., Weldon, Che, Wombwell, Emma, Zamudio, Kelly R., Longcore, Joyce E., and Garner, Trenton W. J.

Abstract

Parasitic chytrid fungi have emerged as a significant threat to amphibian species worldwide, necessitating the development of techniques to isolate these pathogens into culture for research purposes. However, early methods of isolating chytrids from their hosts relied on killing amphibians. We modified a pre-existing protocol for isolating chytrids from infected animals to use toe clips and biopsies from toe webbing rather than euthanizing hosts, and distributed the protocol to researchers as part of the BiodivERsA project RACE; here called the RML protocol. In tandem, we developed a lethal procedure for isolating chytrids from tadpole mouthparts. Reviewing a database of use a decade after their inception, we find that these methods have been applied across 5 continents, 23 countries and in 62 amphibian species. Isolation of chytrids by the non-lethal RML protocol occured in 18% of attempts with 207 fungal isolates and three species of chytrid being recovered. Isolation of chytrids from tadpoles occured in 43% of attempts with 334 fungal isolates of one species (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) being recovered. Together, these methods have resulted in a significant reduction and refinement of our use of threatened amphibian species and have improved our ability to work with this group of emerging pathogens.

Published
2018

10. Development and worldwide use of a non-lethal and minimal population-level impact protocols for the isolation of chytrids from amphibians

Author

Fisher, Matthew C., primary, Ghosh, Pria, additional, Shelton, Jennifer M. G., additional, Bates, Kieran, additional, Brookes, Lola, additional, Wierzbicki, Claudia, additional, Rosa, Gonçalo M., additional, Farrer, Rhys A., additional, Aanensen, David M., additional, Alvarado-Rybak, Mario, additional, Bataille, Arnaud, additional, Berger, Lee, additional, Böll, Susanne, additional, Bosch, Jaime, additional, Clare, France C., additional, Courtois, Elodie, additional, Crottini, Angelica, additional, Cunningham, Andrew A., additional, Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., additional, Gebresenbet, Fikirte, additional, Gower, David J., additional, Höglund, Jacob, additional, James, Timothy Y., additional, Jenkinson, Thomas S., additional, Kosch, Tiffany A., additional, Lambertini, Carolina, additional, Laurila, Anssi, additional, Lin, Chun-Fu, additional, Loyau, Adeline, additional, Martel, An, additional, Meurling, Sara, additional, Miaud, Claude, additional, Minting, Pete, additional, Ndriantsoa, Serge, additional, Pasmans, Frank, additional, Rakotonanahary, Tsanta, additional, Rabemananjara, Falitiana C. E., additional, Ribeiro, Luisa P., additional, Schmeller, Dirk S., additional, Schmidt, Benedikt R., additional, Skerratt, Lee, additional, Smith, Freya, additional, Soto-Azat, Claudio, additional, Tessa, Giulia, additional, Toledo, Luís Felipe, additional, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, additional, Verster, Ruhan, additional, Vörös, Judit, additional, Waldman, Bruce, additional, Webb, Rebecca J., additional, Weldon, Che, additional, Wombwell, Emma, additional, Zamudio, Kelly R., additional, Longcore, Joyce E., additional, and Garner, Trenton W.J., additional

Published
2018
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11. West Africa - A Safe Haven for Frogs? A Sub-Continental Assessment of the Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis)

Author

Penner, Johannes, primary, Adum, Gilbert B., additional, McElroy, Matthew T., additional, Doherty-Bone, Thomas, additional, Hirschfeld, Mareike, additional, Sandberger, Laura, additional, Weldon, Ché, additional, Cunningham, Andrew A., additional, Ohst, Torsten, additional, Wombwell, Emma, additional, Portik, Daniel M., additional, Reid, Duncan, additional, Hillers, Annika, additional, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, additional, Oduro, William, additional, Plötner, Jörg, additional, Ohler, Annemarie, additional, Leaché, Adam D., additional, and Rödel, Mark-Oliver, additional

Published
2013
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13. Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) Undetected in the Two Orders of Seychelles Amphibians.

Author

LABISKO, JIM, MADDOCK, SIMON T., TAYLOR, MICHELLE L., CHONG-SENG, LINDSAY, GOWER, DAVID J., WYNNE, FELICITY J., WOMBWELL, EMMA, MOREL, CHARLES, FRENCH, GEORGIA C. A., BUNBURY, NANCY, and BRADFIELD, KAY S.

Subjects
BATRACHOCHYTRIUM dendrobatidis, AMPHIBIAN diseases, PTYCHADENA, HABITATS, SURGICAL swabs, OPERATIVE surgery
Abstract

The article focuses on a study related to detection of pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in amphibians of Seychelles. Topics discussed include encountering of Tachycnemis seychellensis and Ptychadena species frogs in Seychelles due to their habitat; acquisition of skin swabs Seychelles amphibians for analysis and absence of Bd in both species of frogs.

Published
2015

14. West Africa - A Safe Haven for Frogs? A Sub-Continental Assessment of the Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis).

Author

Penner, Johannes, Adum, Gilbert B., McElroy, Matthew T., Doherty-Bone, Thomas, Hirschfeld, Mareike, Sandberger, Laura, Weldon, Ché, Cunningham, Andrew A., Ohst, Torsten, Wombwell, Emma, Portik, Daniel M., Reid, Duncan, Hillers, Annika, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, Oduro, William, Plötner, Jörg, Ohler, Annemarie, Leaché, Adam D., and Rödel, Mark-Oliver

Subjects
FROGS, BATRACHOCHYTRIUM dendrobatidis, AMPHIBIAN declines, RAIN forests, RIPARIAN ecology, MACROECOLOGY, AQUATIC ecology
Abstract

A putative driver of global amphibian decline is the panzootic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). While Bd has been documented across continental Africa, its distribution in West Africa remains ambiguous. We tested 793 West African amphibians (one caecilian and 61 anuran species) for the presence of Bd. The samples originated from seven West African countries - Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone - and were collected from a variety of habitats, ranging from lowland rainforests to montane forests, montane grasslands to humid and dry lowland savannahs. The species investigated comprised various life-history strategies, but we focused particularly on aquatic and riparian species. We used diagnostic PCR to screen 656 specimen swabs and histology to analyse 137 specimen toe tips. All samples tested negative for Bd, including a widespread habitat generalist Hoplobatrachus occipitalis which is intensively traded on the West African food market and thus could be a potential dispersal agent for Bd. Continental fine-grained (30 arc seconds) environmental niche models suggest that Bd should have a broad distribution across West Africa that includes most of the regions and habitats that we surveyed. The surprising apparent absence of Bd in West Africa indicates that the Dahomey Gap may have acted as a natural barrier. Herein we highlight the importance of this Bd-free region of the African continent - especially for the long-term conservation of several threatened species depending on fast flowing forest streams (Conraua alleni (“Vulnerable”) and Petropedetes natator (“Near Threatened”)) as well as the “Critically Endangered” viviparous toad endemic to the montane grasslands of Mount Nimba (Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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15. Clinically healthy amphibians in captive collections and at pet fairs: A reservoir of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.

Author

der Sluijs, Annemarieke Spitzen-van, Martel, An, Wombwell, Emma, Van Rooij, Pascale, Zollinger, Ronald, Woeltjes, Tonnie, Rendle, Matthew, Haesebrouck, Freddy, and Pasmans, Frank

Subjects
AMPHIBIAN diseases, BATRACHOCHYTRIUM dendrobatidis, ANIMAL-plant relationships, CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS, MYCOSES, RESERVOIR plants, ETIOLOGY of diseases, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is the cause of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis, a potentially lethal skin disease of amphibians. Asymptomatically infected amphibians may pose a risk for environmental pathogen pollution. This study therefore assessed the role of healthy, captive amphibians as a reservoir of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Samples were collected from captive amphibians in Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and France (559 from anurans, 330 from urodelans and 4 from gymnophians) from private owners, zoos, and laboratories. In addition to which, 78 anurans from 19 living collections were sampled during a pet fair in the Netherlands. Nearly 3% of the captive amphibians were infected by B. dendrobatidis, and 13.6% of the collections yielded at least one positive result. At the fair, 7 out of 78 anurans, representing 2 collections were positive. None of the animals that tested positive showed any obvious health problems at the time of sampling. Our results demonstrate the potential of the amphibian pet trade as a vehicle for the spread of B. dendrobatidis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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16. West Africa - A Safe Haven for Frogs? A Sub-Continental Assessment of the Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis).

Author

Penner, Johannes, Adum, Gilbert B., McElroy, Matthew T., Doherty-Bone, Thomas, Hirschfeld, Mareike, Sandberger, Laura, Weldon, Ché, Cunningham, Andrew A., Ohst, Torsten, Wombwell, Emma, Portik, Daniel M., Reid, Duncan, Hillers, Annika, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, Oduro, William, Plötner, Jörg, Ohler, Annemarie, Leaché, Adam D., and Rödel, Mark-Oliver

Subjects
*FROGS, *BATRACHOCHYTRIUM dendrobatidis, *AMPHIBIAN declines, *RAIN forests, *RIPARIAN ecology, *MACROECOLOGY, *AQUATIC ecology
Abstract

A putative driver of global amphibian decline is the panzootic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). While Bd has been documented across continental Africa, its distribution in West Africa remains ambiguous. We tested 793 West African amphibians (one caecilian and 61 anuran species) for the presence of Bd. The samples originated from seven West African countries - Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone - and were collected from a variety of habitats, ranging from lowland rainforests to montane forests, montane grasslands to humid and dry lowland savannahs. The species investigated comprised various life-history strategies, but we focused particularly on aquatic and riparian species. We used diagnostic PCR to screen 656 specimen swabs and histology to analyse 137 specimen toe tips. All samples tested negative for Bd, including a widespread habitat generalist Hoplobatrachus occipitalis which is intensively traded on the West African food market and thus could be a potential dispersal agent for Bd. Continental fine-grained (30 arc seconds) environmental niche models suggest that Bd should have a broad distribution across West Africa that includes most of the regions and habitats that we surveyed. The surprising apparent absence of Bd in West Africa indicates that the Dahomey Gap may have acted as a natural barrier. Herein we highlight the importance of this Bd-free region of the African continent - especially for the long-term conservation of several threatened species depending on fast flowing forest streams (Conraua alleni (“Vulnerable”) and Petropedetes natator (“Near Threatened”)) as well as the “Critically Endangered” viviparous toad endemic to the montane grasslands of Mount Nimba (Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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17. Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines.

Author

O'Hanlon SJ, Rieux A, Farrer RA, Rosa GM, Waldman B, Bataille A, Kosch TA, Murray KA, Brankovics B, Fumagalli M, Martin MD, Wales N, Alvarado-Rybak M, Bates KA, Berger L, Böll S, Brookes L, Clare F, Courtois EA, Cunningham AA, Doherty-Bone TM, Ghosh P, Gower DJ, Hintz WE, Höglund J, Jenkinson TS, Lin CF, Laurila A, Loyau A, Martel A, Meurling S, Miaud C, Minting P, Pasmans F, Schmeller DS, Schmidt BR, Shelton JMG, Skerratt LF, Smith F, Soto-Azat C, Spagnoletti M, Tessa G, Toledo LF, Valenzuela-Sánchez A, Verster R, Vörös J, Webb RJ, Wierzbicki C, Wombwell E, Zamudio KR, Aanensen DM, James TY, Gilbert MTP, Weldon C, Bosch J, Balloux F, Garner TWJ, and Fisher MC

Subjects
Africa, Americas, Animals, Asia, Australia, Chytridiomycota classification, Chytridiomycota genetics, Chytridiomycota isolation & purification, Chytridiomycota pathogenicity, Europe, Genes, Fungal, Genetic Variation, Hybridization, Genetic, Korea, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Virulence, Amphibians microbiology, Extinction, Biological
Abstract

Globalized infectious diseases are causing species declines worldwide, but their source often remains elusive. We used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of the most devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis , a proximate driver of global amphibian declines. We traced the source of B. dendrobatidis to the Korean peninsula, where one lineage, Bd ASIA-1, exhibits the genetic hallmarks of an ancestral population that seeded the panzootic. We date the emergence of this pathogen to the early 20th century, coinciding with the global expansion of commercial trade in amphibians, and we show that intercontinental transmission is ongoing. Our findings point to East Asia as a geographic hotspot for B. dendrobatidis biodiversity and the original source of these lineages that now parasitize amphibians worldwide., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)

Published
2018
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